afreelancers-aide-memoire

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

@holersirup

Correct :)

Nice try

Q27

Which of the following is the main reaction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in metabolism?

A-Binding with glucuronic acid B-Binding with glutathione C-Hydroxylation D-Methylation

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Orange Book

What is the resource Approved Drug Products With Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations commonly called?

The Orange Book was created as part of the provisions of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman Amendments).  It required that the FDA provide a publicly available list of safe and effective approved drug products with monthly supplements.  

Ref:

https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/approved-drug-products-therapeutic-equivalence-evaluations-orange-book

https://www.pharmacytimes.com/news/june-26-pharmacy-fun-fact

#orange book #FDA #pharmacy #pharmacytimes #Hatch-waxman #therapeutic equivalence #competition #drug #price #The Orange Book

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Wear a mask? Yes, always wear a mask

Ref:

http://www.healthdata.org/infographic/covid19-mask-usage-meta-analysis?utm_source=IHME+Updates&utm_campaign=f2d0366fc2-Weekly_Email_June_19_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1790fa6746-f2d0366fc2-422756866

#COVID19 #Coronavirus SARS 2 #SARS-CoV-2 #MASK #IHME #Univeristy #Washington #health #data #public health #survery #study

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q65

Which of the following group of medications prolongs GABA activity in the brain?

A- Alcohols

B- Barbiturates

C- Benzodiazepines

D- Methamphetamines

#pharmqb #pharmacy #pharmacology #SPLE #NAPLEX #BEPC #MCQS

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q64

Which of the following medications inhibits folic acid synthesis through its effect on dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme?

A- Methotrexate

B- Pyrimethamine

C- Sulfonamides

D- Trimethoprim

#pharmqb #pharmacology #pharmacy #SPLE #NAPLEX #BEPC #SPL #SCFHS

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q63

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of misoprostol for the treatment of peptic ulcer?

A- Direct inhibition of the proton pump

B- Formation of a protective coating of the ulcer beds

C- Increased mucus and bicarbonates secretion and decreased HCL secretion

D- Suppression of secretory responses to food stimulation

#pharmqb #pharmacy #pharmacology #mcqs

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q62

 Which of the following is the most common adverse reaction to an inactivated vaccine? A. Fever B. Injection site reaction C. Headache D. Myalgias

#pharmqb #pharmacy #quesions #pharma #SPLE #Prometric #SCFHS #SPL

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q61

Which of the following vaccines is usually not given until after the child's first birthday?

A. Influenza vaccine B. MMR vaccine C. DTap vaccine D. Hib vaccine

#pharmqb #vaccination #pharmacy #sple #examination #BEPC #NAPLEX

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q60

Vaccination is available against which of the following hepatitis types?

A. Hepatitis A

B. Hepatitis B

C. Hepatitis C

D. Hepatitis A & B 

#pharmqb #sple #Naplex #BEPC #mcqs #pharmacy

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q59

Which of the following is absolute contraindication of fibrinolytic therapy in MI?

A- History of diabetes

B- History of ischemic stroke 4 years ago

C- History of hemorrhagic stroke 9 years ago

D- History of hypertension

#pharmqb #pharmacology #theraputics #pharmacotherapy

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q58

Which one of the following drugs is the best treatment for seizures of eclampsia?

A- Carbamazepine

B- Haloperidol

C- Magnesium sulfate

D- Phenobarbital

#pharmqb #pharmacology #theraputics #pharmacotheraputics

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

FDA approves Recarbrio for HABP/VABP

The FDA approved Recarbrio (a combination of imipenem-cilastatin and relebactam) to treat hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) in patients 18 years of age and older. Recarbrio was previously FDA-approved to treat patients with complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections who have limited or no alternative treatment options.

Ref:

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-antibiotic-treat-hospital-acquired-bacterial-pneumonia-and-ventilator-associated

#FDA #Recarbrio #HABP #VABP #imipenem #antibiotic #penumonia

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q57

Which of the following is correct regarding Arachidonic acid:

A. Arachidonic acid and phospholipase A2 are the same thing.

B. Arachidonic acid is made from phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2.

C. Arachidonic acid is broken down by the enzyme phospholipase A2.

D. Arachidonic acid is converted into phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2.

#Pharmqb #pharmacology #pharmacy

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q56

An infusion of hypotonic solution in blood causes:

A. Shrinking of blood cells

B. Haemolysis

C. Hyperglycemia

D. Hypoglycemia 

#pharmqb #pharmacy #pharmaceutics #pharmaceutical #theraputics

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q55

Which of the following organisms is associated with pneumonia precipitated by aerosolized water (air conditions)?

A- Chlamydophila pneumonia

B- Legionella pneumophila

C- Mycoplasma pneumonia

D- Pneumocystis jirovecii

#pharmqb #pharmacy #clinical #pharmacology

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

COVID-19’s Impact on Patients and Clinical Care

Literature Updates

Daniel P. Oran and Eric J. Topol published a review of asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 yesterday in Annals of Internal Medicine. Asymptomatic persons seem to account for approximately 40% to 45% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and they can transmit the virus to others for an extended period, perhaps longer than 14 days, they observed. The absence of COVID-19 symptoms in persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 might not necessarily imply an absence of harm, they emphasized. More research is needed to determine the significance of subclinical lung changes visible on computed tomography scans. DOI: 10.7326/M20-3012

Researchers have studied the test results from universal preoperative screening for COVID-19 at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, and Seattle Children’s Hospital in Seattle, Washington and shared their findings in JAMA Surgery. 1295 pediatric surgical patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 7.35 years. Overall incidence of COVID-19 was 0.93% (12 of 1295). However, there was a significant difference in incidence across hospitals, ranging from 0.22% (1 of 456) to 2.65% (9 of 339) in different geographic areas. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2588.

Researchers at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit conducted a retrospective study to look at how pulmonary embolism is connected to COVID-19 and how changes in diagnosis could impact outcomes. The study looked at 328 COVID-19 patients who underwent a pulmonary CT angiography between March 16 and April 18 at Henry Ford's acute care hospitals. Risk factors for pulmonary embolism include obesity, an elevated D-dimer, elevated CRP and a rising D-dimer over time. They suggest that patients who test positive for COVID-19 should be started on preventive blood thinners early on in their treatment. Timely diagnosis and use of blood thinners could improve outcomes. The findings were published in Radiology. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201955

The country's first convalescent plasma transfusion trial results show 19 out of 25 patients improving with the treatment and 11 discharged from the hospital. The results were published in the American Journal of Pathology. With no adverse side effects caused by the plasma transfusion, the study concluded that convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for patients with severe COVID-19 disease. More on convalescent plasma. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.014

Several recently-published studies look at the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac conditions. In a survey of hospitals in 141 countries, researchers found the number of heart attack patients seeking urgent hospital care has dropped by more than 50% during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings are published in European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes (EHJ-QCCO). DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa046. Marc Ruel at the University of Ottawa has authored two articles examining how cardiac surgery centers have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they can resume operations in an environment characterized by a low-grade, long-term prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. In Circulation, Dr. Ruel and his co-authors published findings suggesting that 60 cardiac surgery centers in 19 countries had reduced their cardiac surgeries by an average of 50 to 75% in response to the pandemic. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047865. In The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, he submitted 12 recommendations developed by a consortium of experts in 19 countries for prioritizing surgeries; dealing with cardiac patients who test positive for COVID-19; and patient discharge and follow-up protocols. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.004

Stroke patients aren’t faring much better. Research published in the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery (JNIS) shows ischemic stroke patients are arriving to hospitals and treatment centers an average of 160 minutes later during the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared with a similar timeframe in 2019. These delays, say stroke surgeons from the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), are impacting both survival and recovery. DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016299

According to a small study from a hospital in Paris, an inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents, believed to be linked to COVID-19, seems to be more common among children of African ancestry. The paper, published in BMJ, describes 21 children and adolescents (average age 7.9 years) with features of Kawasaki disease who were admitted to a hospital in Paris between 27 April and 11 May 2020. Over half of the children (12; 57%) were of African ancestry. Twelve children presented with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and 16 (76%) with myocarditis. Nineteen (90%) had evidence of recent covid-19 infection. All 21 patients had noticeable gastrointestinal symptoms during the early stage of illness and high levels of inflammatory markers in their bloodstream. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2094

Ref:

Clinical Research News

https://www.clinicalresearchnewsonline.com/news/2020/06/05/covid-19-s-impact-on-patients-and-clinical-care-other-news

#COVID19 #SARS-CoV-2 #coronavirus #corona #clinical #literature #medical #care

[afreelancers-aide-memoire]

Q54

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of cromolyn for asthmatic patients?

A- Blocks adenosine receptors in bronchial smooth muscle

B- Inhibits COX 2

C- Inhibits phosphodiesterase

D- Prevents degradation of mast cells

#pharmqb #pharmacology #pharmacy