#cultural relativism

[mymangamemes]

Entering the anthropology department at my extremely religious university

From Sweetie, Sweetie, Sweetie by Damjuckdan and NOK

#yes #it was BYU #but don't tell anyone #anthropology #cultural relativism #comedy #humor #webtoon #webtoons #manga #funny #memes #meme #joke #mangamemes #mormon

[writingwithcolor]

[Running Commentary] Zombies are Zombies: Cultural Relativism, Folklore, and Foreign Perspectives

She obviously started getting into media in Japan, and (from my research into Japanese media and culture), Japan’s movies about zombies are mostly comedic, since due to traditional funerary practices the idea of zombies bringing down society is ridiculous to a lot of Japanese people. 

Rina: OP, this you? https://www.tofugu.com/japan/japanese-zombies/

Marika: Counterpoint: Parasite Eve. Resident Evil. The Evil Within. 

Rina: Literally all the grody horror game franchises that people forget were developed and written by Japanese people because the characters have names like “Leon Kennedy” and “Sebastian Castellanos” 

~ ~ ~

Based on the reception we received the last time we did one of these, the Japanese moderator team returns with another running commentary. (They’re easier to answer this way) (Several of Marika’s answers may be troll answers)

Our question today pertains to foreign perspectives on folklore—that is, how people view folklore and stories that aren’t a part of their culture. CW: for anything you’d associate with zombies and a zombie apocalypse, really.

Keep reading for necromancy, horror games, debunking the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, Hong Kong jiangshi films, Japanese disaster prep videos, and Vietnamese idol pop...

Essentially, in my story there’s an organization who wants to end the world. They think this one woman in particular, a woman of mixed Vietnamese (irreligious, Kinh) and Japanese descent who spent her formative years in Japan, is the person to do it because she’s (for lack of a better term) a necromancer; powers are semi-normal in this world. She prefers not to use her powers overall, but when she does she mostly talks to ghosts and spirits that are giving people issues. She could technically reanimate a corpse but she wouldn’t because she feels that would be morally wrong, not to mention she couldn’t start a zombie apocalypse in the traditional sense (plague, virus, etc.) in the first place. 

(Marika (M): Your local public health officials would like to assure necromancers that reviving the dead will not provoke a zombie apocalypse. This is because necromancy is a reanimation technique, and not a pathogenic vector. Assuming that the technique does not release spores, airborne viruses, gasses, or other related physical matter that can affect neighboring corpses in a similar way, there should be no issue. However, necromancers should comply with local regulations w/r to permitting and only raise the dead with the approval of the local municipality and surviving family.)

M: I think it makes sense for most people of E. Asian descent, including Japanese and Vietnamese people, to find it culturally reprehensible to reanimate the dead. I imagine the religious background of your character matters as well. What religion(s) are her family members from? How do they each regard death and the treatment of human remains? Depending on where she grew up, I’m curious on how she got opportunities to practice outside specialized settings like morgues.

M: It’s true, space in Japan is at a premium, even for the dead. You note that most of Japan cremates, but, surely, it must have occurred to you that if there aren’t that many bodies in Japan to raise…she doesn’t exactly have much opportunity to practice with her powers, does she? I yield to our Vietnamese followers on funerary customs in Vietnam, but you may want to better flesh out your world-building logic on how necromancy operates in your story (And maybe distinguish between necromancy v. channeling v. summoning v. exorcisms). 

She obviously started getting into media in Japan, and (from my research into Japanese media and culture), Japan’s movies about zombies are mostly comedic, since due to traditional funerary practices the idea of zombies bringing down society is ridiculous to a lot of Japanese people. 

Rina (R): OP, this you? https://www.tofugu.com/japan/japanese-zombies/

M: Counterpoint: Parasite Eve. Resident Evil. The Evil Within. 

R: Literally all the grody horror game franchises that people forget were developed and written by Japanese people because the characters have names like “Leon Kennedy” and “Sebastian Castellanos” 

R: And yes, the Tofugu article uses Resident Evil and those games to support its theory, with the reason that they are set in the West. But that only suggests that Japanese people consider zombies a Western thing, not that Japanese people consider zombies nonthreatening if they were to exist. 

M: Same with vampires - series like Castlevania also use Western/ European settings and not “Vampires in Japan '' because vampires just aren't part of our folklore.

(M: Also, realistically, these series deal with individuals who quickly perish after their bodies are used as hosts for the pathogen in question, rather than the pathogen reanimating a corpse. Although the victims are initially alive, they soon succumb to the pathogen/ parasite and their organic matter then becomes an infectious vector for the disease. It should be noted, infecting ordinary, living humans with viruses to grant them elevated powers, is not only a major violation of consent and defies all recommendations made by the Belmont Report (in addition to a number of articles in the Hague Convention w/r to the use of WMDs) and is unlikely to be approved by any reputable university’s IRB committee. This is why the Umbrella Corporation are naughty, naughty little children, and honestly, someone should have assassinated Wesker for the grant money.)

R: wwww

From what I know Vietnam didn’t have a zombie movie until 2022. 

R: Do you mean a domestically produced zombie movie? Because Vietnamese people have most certainly had access to zombie movies for a long time. The Hong Kong film Mr. Vampire (1985) was a gigantic hit in Southeast Asia; you can find a gazillion copies of this movie online with Viet subs, with people commenting on how nostalgic this movie is or how they loved it as a kid. 

M: “Didn’t have a [domestic] zombie movie” is not necessarily the same thing as “Would not have made one if the opportunity had arisen.” None of us here are personifications of the Vietnamese film industry, I think it’s safe to say we couldn’t know. Correlation is not causation. It’s important to do your research thoroughly, and not use minor facts to craft a narrative based on your own assumptions.

(R: …Also, I did find a 2017 music video for “Game Over” by the Vietnamese idol Thanh Duy which features… a zombie apocalypse.)

(R: The MV has a very campy horror aesthetic and zombie backup dancers (which I love, everyone please watch this lol). But the scenes at the beginning and end where people are biting their fingers watching a threatening news report clearly establish that the zombies are considered a threat.)

So at one point, she laughs about the idea and remarks how ridiculous it is to think zombies could end the world. What I’m struggling with are other ways to show her attitude on the issue because I’d assume most non-Japanese readers wouldn’t get why she thinks like that. Are there any other ways to show why she thinks this way, especially ones that might resonate more with a Japanese reader?

R: The problem is this does not resonate in the first place. Your line of thinking is too Sapir-Whorf-adjacent. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, otherwise known as linguistic relativity theory, claims that language shapes cognition—that you can’t conceive of something if you can’t express it in your language. This is a very weak theory that you can easily bring evidence against: think of the last time you felt an emotion you had a hard time putting into words; just because you didn’t have the language for it doesn’t mean that you didn’t feel it, nor does it mean that you won’t be able to understand or recognize it if you feel it again. Similarly, it’s not a sound assumption to say that if some kind of subject matter does not exist in a culture, then people of that culture couldn't possibly conceive of it. This excerpt from linguist Laura Bailey sums it up quite well. 

M: Just because ghosts may be more culturally relevant doesn’t mean that zombies (or vampires, or whatever) are nonexistent in a Japanese or Vietnamese person’s imagination when it comes to horror and disaster.

R: Really,  if anything, Japanese people are much more attuned to how easily a society’s infrastructure can be destroyed by a disruptive force without adequate preparation. Japan is natural disaster central. A Japanese person would know better than anyone that if you aren’t prepared for a zombie epidemic—yeah it’s gonna be bad. 

M: Earthquakes, tsunami, typhoon, floods: Japan has robust disaster infrastructure out of necessity. 防災 or bousai, meaning disaster preparedness is a common part of daily life, including drills at workplaces, schools, and community organizations. Local government and community agencies are always looking for ways to make disaster and pandemic preparedness relevant to the public.

M: Might “zombie apocalypse prep as a proxy for disaster prep” be humorous in an ironic, self-deprecating way? Sure, but it’s not like Japanese people are innately different from non-Japanese people. Rather, by being a relatively well-off country practiced at disaster preparation with more experience than most parts of the world with many different types of disasters (and the accompanying infrastructure), it likely would seem more odd to most Japanese people within Japan to not handle a zombie apocalypse rather like might one handle a combination of a WMD/ chemical disaster+pandemic+civil unrest (all of which at least some part of Japan has experienced). Enjoy this very long, slightly dry video on COVID-19 safety procedures and preparedness using the framing device of surviving a zombie apocalypse.

M: Living in Los Angeles, I’ve often experienced similar tactics. We do a fair amount of advance and rehearsed disaster prep here as well. In elementary school, the first and last days of class were always for packing and unpacking home-made disaster packs, and “zombie apocalypse” simulations have been around since I was in middle school for all kinds of drills, including active shooter drills, like the one shown in this LAT article. The line between “prepper” and “well prepared” really comes down to degree of anxiety and zeal. So, it wouldn’t be just Japanese people who might not be able to resonate with your scene. The same could be said for anyone who lives somewhere with a robust disaster prevention culture.

M: A zombie apocalypse is not “real” in the sense of being a tangible threat that the majority of the world lives in fear of waking up to (At least, for the mental health of most people, I hope so). Rather, zombie apocalypse narratives are compelling to people because of the feelings of vague, existential dread they provoke: of isolation, paranoia, dwindling resources, and a definite end to everything familiar. I encourage you to stop thinking of the way Japanese people and non-Japanese people think about vague, existential dread as incomprehensible to each other. What would you think about zombies if they actually had a chance of existing in your world? That’s probably how most Japanese people would feel about them, too.

#Youtube #asks #japanese #vietnamese #cultural differences #cultural relativism #linguistic relativity #zombies #sci fi #science fiction #necromancy #death #funerary customs #funeral #ghosts #vampires #folklore #natural disasters #disaster preparedness #rina says stan thanh duy #writeblr

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

"Multiculturalism should not mean that we tolerate another culture's intolerance. If we do in fact support diversity, women's rights, and gay rights, then we cannot in good conscience give Islam a free pass on the grounds of multicultural sensitivity."

-- Ayaan Hirsi Ali

It would be one thing if those who posture the most on these topics went silent when the subject of Islam comes up. But it's worse than that. Instead, these same people are likely to scold you as a bigot and racist for even daring to suggest that Islam is a complete inversion of their purported values. Complete with obvious lies functioning as thought terminating cliches.

#Ayaan Hirsi Ali #cultural relativism #cultural sensitivity #islam #religion #islamic apologists #intersectionality #religion is a mental illness

[chaotic-archaeologist]

i'm new to your blog. What is your least favorite civilization?

Hello, my new dirtling. I think it's possible that you don't realize how much of a loaded question this is.

I, like most other historical professionals, have time periods/places that captivate my interest more than others. That's something positive—I'm interested in XYZ because I just think it's really neat.

However, asking someone to pick a least favorite civilization is essentially asking them to condemn an entire group of people just because I personally don't find them very interesting. It's like asking a parent who their least favorite child.

For any civilization that I name, there will be living descendants and scholars who find that culture very important. I would feel terrible if someone named my ancestors as their least favorite civilization, and I would feel similarly if someone chose to disparage the time period I study.

Each civilization is, in their own right, magnificent and worthy of interest. While I might prefer a few over others, I do not have a least favorite.

-Reid

#he speaks #cultural relativism #anthropology

[she-is-ovarit]

We should not be basing our ethics and morality on what the majority of people within a subgroup or greater population thinks is right.

The most privileged within any subgroup of people (including in oppressed and marginalized populations) will most likely be the people with the dominant voice and have greater influence over the belief systems within these populations.

What the majority of people think is morally correct or justified is not always morally correct or justified. Simply because an oppressed group's subculture has contrasting values with broader society, this contrast does not automatically make the oppressed group's values ethical or their beliefs true.

Culture and history are important in our moral lives. However, human rights and ethics should not be measured, determined, and implemented just based on what the majority rule is within a given oppressed human population.

#oppression #culture #cultural relativism #philosophy #human rights #social justice

[hylianengineer]

You know that neurodivergent feeling where your brain makes no sense to neurotypicals and theirs make no sense to you, so you learn that brains are weird and make objectively no sense and they’re just Like That. And then over time you realize that it’s actually kinda cool how brains are different and we don’t all think the same way? Wouldn’t it be boring if we all thought the same way?

It reminds me of cultural relativism. Which is an anthropological term, and it means that human cultures are all different and they seem weird to people who aren’t used to them. People tend to freak out about stuff that’s unfamiliar to them, but that doesn’t mean it’s bad. Cultures vary and are weird and that’s a good thing.

So I’m making up a word now: neurological relativism. It means that human brains are weird and they work in different ways and that’s a good thing. Even if they make no sense to the people who aren’t living in them.

#neurodivergence #i am making up words because i can #the groupchat encouraged me to post this #so now you all are subject to my anthro-themed ramblings #hylian rambles #cultural anthropology #cultural relativism #humans are weird #this is a good thing #imagine how boring life would be if humans weren't bizarre and diverse and deeply weird beings #i love humans and our craziness this is why i study anthropology

[quotesfrommyreading]

One final point. The history of response to the human rights and democracy movements in China has, I think, a special inflection. For a long time almost all influential foreign scholarship and thinking about China started from the assumption that China was an essentially collectivist society with no indigenous tradition of individual rights. Hence, Sinologists argued, we shouldn’t expect a real movement for democracy and for individual rights as these are understood in the West to emerge in China. This double-standard thinking about China reflects the general decline of universalist moral and political standards—of Enlightenment values—in the past generation. There is an increasing reluctance to apply a single standard of political justice, of freedom, and of individual rights and of democracy. The usual justifications for this reluctance are that it is “colonialist” (the label used by people on the left) or “Euro-centric” (the label used both by multiculturalist academics and by businessmen, who talk admiringly of authoritarian “Confucian cultures”) to expect or to want non-European peoples to have “our” values. My own view is that it is precisely the reluctance to apply these standards—as if “we” in the European and the neo-European countries need them, but the Chinese and the peoples of Africa don’t—that is colonialist and condescending

  —  On Wei Jingsheng (Susan Sontag, 1996)

#susan sontag #wei jingsheng #politics #political philosophy #chinese politics #racism #colonialism #cultural relativism #china

[dhampiravidi]

cultural relativism & anti-anthropocentrism (unpopular opinion)

Cultural relativism: the belief that there is no standard by which cultures should be judged (ex. animism isn't considered "weird" just because someone prefers or is used to religions that have humanized deities).

Anthropocentrism: the belief that humans are the most important species on Earth/in existence.

It's important to be able to study other cultures & living creatures. While it's fine to not always agree with the opinions of others, we should at least try to respect other perspectives. This is why banning books is wrong--note that I am referring to measures that prevent books on certain topics from being widely available, not just to a child who might not be emotionally mature enough to read that specific book. It's also why wars steeped in religion are sad & why racism is honestly ridiculous (I understand that colorism in some areas came to be because laborers got tanned while working outside to benefit those relaxing inside--I just mean that there's no logical reason why people with one shade of skin should be considered as wholly superior to another).

I also think that anthropocentrism is dumb because scientifically, we are literally classified as "animals". Some people attempt to end this, claiming that the human race is evolved far more than other creatures ever will be. How so? There are other creatures with spines, who can stand on two legs. They create and exercise social dynamics. They have problem-solving skills, and many have long-term memories. Wolves and elephants, in particular, have been shown to enthusiastically greet their old (human) facility trainers, years after they have been released into captivity. Cats and apes often teach themselves to make and use tools, to make maneuvering and accessing food easier. Moreover, humans who argue that we are the most civilized organism seem to forget that humans as a whole are constantly at war with each other. We spend large amounts of money and other resources to try and win a competition wherein team leaders send out groups of people to kill each other--and whoever wins after several months or years has no prize to collect, save for their name in history books and possibly a slice of land. Animals fight for the right to food or a mate that is right in front of them, rather than fighting for some leader of theirs to claim a prize that may not even be critically related to their survival.

In conclusion, sympathy and learning is important. We need to be able to read documents from multiple sources before we choose who to support in international conflicts. We need to condition ourselves to treat others as our peers, even when they come from backgrounds we can't relate to. We need to give a damn about the creatures we share this planet with. Otherwise, the human race will succumb to destruction caused by world wars, discrimination, and/or climate change. The word civilization is often used to refer to certain human societies who meet certain criteria concerning their level of development. We always seem to forget that civilization is more similar to the word civil than it is to stratified, capitalist, or science.

#anthropology #anthropocene #cultural relativism #admin #rant #unpopular opinion #civilization #society #humans #discrimination #social issues #sympathy #understanding #earth #animals

[mollywithakay]

I’m less than an hour into this tumblr account and I already feel like I need to be taking ethnographic field notes. The difference between reading hundreds of lines of Ancient Roman Graffiti and being dropped in the middle of an Ancient Roman Tabernae

#twitter refugees #trying my best #cultural relativism #we are both valid but we speak different languages and this is both strange and new #ethnography

[not-a-bit-good]

The Cyclical Failures of Bethesda's Terrible Writing

#sharing this video here bc it was restricted on YouTube for bs reasons #jessie gender #starf1eld #cultural relativism #video essay #Youtube

[luvsjimmyreed]

I sympathize with the idea that many people may feel uncomfortable criticizing a culture that they aren’t a part of. However, when we start to tell people who *are* of that culture that they have no right to rebel against it or to try to change it, then we are a doing these people a grave injustice. Nobody should be told that they need to accept their abuse simply because ‘it’s part of their culture’, and they are thereby being selfish by wanting their suffering to end.

Jimmy Reed, On Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Reform

#jimmy reed #Blues #society #sociology #cultural sensitivity #cultural relativism #abuse tw

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

"It is bad enough that so many people believe things without any evidence. What is worse is that some people have no conception of evidence and regard facts as just someone else's opinion." -- Thomas Sowell

#Thomas Sowell #evidence #objective reality #subjective reality #i feel it in my heart #lived experience #cultural relativism #social constructivism #faith #faith is not a virtue #religion is a mental illness

[quotesfromall]

However, this was very limited progress in comparison with the Jewish society – a disparity which mainstream Israeli sociologists pinned on the nature of the Arab minority and which critical sociologists later on would blame on Israel’s discriminatory policies. Like colonialist powers before them, the Israeli politicians and officials expected that this limited modernization would satisfy the Palestinian minority, but it did not. The undeniable improvement in the community’s standard of living was judged by the Palestinians not according to past realities, but according to how they fared in comparison to the Jewish members of the society, and that exercise ended in great dismay and outrage. Not all of the complex realities of the Palestinian society can or should be attributed to Israeli policy. This was a society in a Middle East that was transforming slowly and dialectically from the old world of Ottoman rule and traditional values into an age of nationalism and global capitalism. And, as elsewhere in the Middle East, old social patterns still affected life, even in places where brutal modern policies from above were trying to eradicate them, as was case in Ataturk’s Turkey and in the Shah’s Iran.

Ilan Pappe, The Forgotten Palestinians

#histadrut #apartheid state #islamic culture #ottoman #ilan pappe #pappe #the forgotten palestinians #pappe 2011 #middle east #israeli-palestinian conflict #israel #palestine #arab israeli #cultural relativism

[hiriajuu-suffering]

Objectification is never the correct response

I think the biggest trend I see in modern misandry is [hyperfeminists] mask it well by doing something misogyny has been doing for at least a century, yet no ever calls it out for what it is. A straight, cis woman will be still be welcomed into a misandrist environment with open arms even though she likes men, because the only compliments she'll pay to men are vapid and shallow. A misandrist will say: we can't value a man for the quality of his character or his personality, that's absurd! When it's the same mentality which entrenches, validates, and reifies toxic masculinity the most. Even more so, this is especially worse in minority communities: white women will at least ignore and slander to #YesAllMen much more equitably than minority women, who agree when prompted but make clear preferences for toxic masculinity in their dating lives. If we, as a society, are ever going to begin to work on dismantling the patriarchy, we have to stop using what the biggest means to preserve patriarchal norms is: objectification of others.

A woman objectifying a man is not empowering, it's demoralizing. The reason why we might interpret it as empowering is because we've evolved to have a positive attitude towards language reclamation, but personhood is just not the same as words themselves, unless we say a person is only made of value by the words they produce...which is ableist in its own right. Imploring the same methods the patriarchy uses doesn't somehow undo it, it makes those methods stronger, because, at the heart of objectification, is otherization, depersonalization, and seeing another as less than what you value yourself as. That's what it means to look down on others, that's how the patriarchy stays preserved: it looks down on all genders by forcing them into social roles or expectations they never willfully took on.

The problem with this take is it always devolves into personal attacks. Oh, the reason why you think male objectification is bad is because you've never been on the positive end of it, most men appreciate being complimented. Most men see it as a complement because femininity starves them of positive reinforcement to begin with, so our esteem needs are begging for scraps. The men complimented by objectification are the ones that value their body over any other part of the self, the same as women who enjoy or even relish in being catcalled, neither of which we should be encouraging. Don't get me wrong, the premise of the personal attack is true, but it's not for the reason one would assume: even the most normatively ugly men can still be "positively" objectified under good circumstances. I'm ugly on the basis of the internalized racism femininity carries towards its objectification: placing white men at the top and Asian, particularly South Asian, men at the bottom. We're assumed to be the least endowed, least able, least competent men physically, and it shows by the way we're treated. This, however, is yet another symptom of patriarchy since we tend to be far more aware of the feminine racial hierarchy of normative attractiveness than the masculine one, because misogyny sucks but casual misandry is fun and entertaining, men don't have the right to be happy! Slave away for us in the postindustrial capitalistic hellscape sculpted around patriarchal norms while the women figure out what parts of it we advocate to keep around because it benefits us.

That's the issue with what hyperfeminist standards do, any benefit to the feminine-oriented party doesn't necessarily mean it will aid in dismantling the patriarchy. Advancing the position of women in society, as a sole end, doesn't advance the long-term goal of dismantling the patriarchy inherently or necessarily. Is there a correlation? Undeniably. Is it constructive to beat the masculine down until every man has to apologize for his existence just to functionally seek out companionship? No, but that's what's happening anyways.

The entire month of August, I was grappling with this existential issue. Is there even a way one can convey this message without being a misogynist? Well, for those who don't grasp or even want to engage with nuance, no, which is why this message wouldn't make sense on Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, or TikTok. How did the month of August close out with a standard amoral group of people who had no interest in forming lasting human connection outside of shared activity? Well, they're trying to get me cancelled for questionable but legal decisions I made on blind optimism, so there's that. The joys of being an independent thinker, having incurred the wrath of a hyperfeminist given some level of arbitrary authority over our social group and eventually prodding me over the edge to either stand my ground or be emasculated. I got really sick of being emasculated as the elder of that group, let me tell ya. I use a term my people are still in the process of reclaiming against her, and she's more offended by it than I ever would allowed to be. How does oppression work again? Just went straight over the children's heads. A lot of it had more to do with a very apparent racial superiority complex and fetishization which was problematic in its own right, but stupid people never seem to grasp how their own actions could be problematic or prejudiced. Every time I am put in a position in which I am making a dubious choice, I am in full awareness. This group: blinders. The entire glue of the group is a defamation/libel/slander lawsuit waiting to happen, I guess I'm just a witness that might need to be absolved if it comes down to it. I should never underestimate a hyperfeminist's capacity to be petty though, so hopefully no one gives the fools the platform they need for real social power because they'd never be deserving of it. Yet, this is the same world that grants Andrew Tate and Vic Manyana social power, so I can't be too hopeful about justice in the world.

Bottom line is, treating men as objects is no less problematic than treating women as objects. There's obviously nuance and room to debate here, something lots of people don't seem to grasp in an argument and the reason why even the most intelligent people will make absurdist claims, but not acknowledging someone's perspective as legitimate is a discredit of their humanity. The opinion itself shouldn't actually be that controversial to feminists that advocate for gender equity, but the facts stand too many self-identified feminists haven't believed in anything resembling equality/equity for some time. Genuine feminism never needs to come at the expense of men. I want to identify with a feminist movement, I truly to do: I believe in the foundational principles of feminism and I always think it will have a place so long as any part of our society will have a misogynistic element.

When the mantra of trending feminism becomes gaslight, gatekeep, girlboss unironically, as it has: it should tell anyone conscientious enough to realize the masculine-hating direction we're going in isn't one that will do anything to remedy any real harms of patriarchy. It simply increases depersonalization and a lack of human connection happening across gender lines. If we're approaching a generation which socially only sees its men as capitalistic objects, incel culture will only grow...not self-correct. Still in awe how gen z is managing to bungle this worse than millennials have.

#objectification #misandry #hyperfeminism #misogyny #YesAllMen #yes all men #toxic masculinity #patriarchy #otherization #depersonalization #internalized sexism #internalized racism #internalized prejudice #male apologist #personal #cultural relativism #racial superiority complex #gaslight gatekeep girlboss #ageism

[thelifethaticouldstilllive]

In going away, you learn something profound about your own backyard -- that it doesn't have to be the way it is.

Charles King, Gods of the Upper Air

#anthropology #charles king #king #margaret mead #ruth benedict #franz boas #sociology #books #literature #contemporary #research #travel #culture #cultural relativism