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#neurobiology
compneuropapers · 2 days
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Interesting Reviews for Week 13, 2024
Development and experience-dependence of multisensory spatial processing. Bruns, P., & Röder, B. (2023). Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(10), 961–973.
Gamma oscillations and episodic memory. Griffiths, B. J., & Jensen, O. (2023). Trends in Neurosciences, 46(10), 832–846.
Surprise and novelty in the brain. Modirshanechi, A., Becker, S., Brea, J., & Gerstner, W. (2023). Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 82, 102758.
Nonlinear slow-timescale mechanisms in synaptic plasticity. O’Donnell, C. (2023). Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 82, 102778.
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acelizystudying · 1 month
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molecular neurobiology mandatory-elective or pre-thesis work? the best answer is both!!🧫🪭
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theenbyroiderer · 8 months
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Someone commented that the hoop gave a bit of a petri dish vibe. Thought that was a good point so I left the hoop unpainted. Fiddled a bit more with it and then I took some better pics. Not 100% happy with how the text turned out, but I do love the neuron. Credit for the text goes to @mxmorggo.
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jovial-thunder · 8 months
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Rainbow worm rainbow worm
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ft. a functional real-time nervous system.
(game is Crescent Loom)
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mindblowingscience · 4 months
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“You can actually estimate the movement of the eyes, the position of the target that the eyes are going to look at, just from recordings made with a microphone in the ear canal,” says senior study author Jennifer Groh, a professor in the departments of psychology and neuroscience and neurobiology at Duke University. In 2018, Groh’s team discovered that the ears make a subtle, imperceptible noise when the eyes move. In the new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team now shows that these sounds can reveal where your eyes are looking. It also works the other way around. Just by knowing where someone is looking, Groh and her team were able to predict what the waveform of the subtle ear sound would look like. These sounds, Groh believes, may be caused when eye movements stimulate the brain to contract either middle ear muscles, which typically help dampen loud sounds, or the hair cells that help amplify quiet sounds. The exact purpose of these ear squeaks is unclear, but Groh’s initial hunch is that it might help sharpen people’s perception.
Continue Reading.
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my-autism-adhd-blog · 10 months
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Hi everyone,
I found an article talking about how autism seems to be rising. According to this study:
According to the most recent data, 1 out of every 36 eight-year-old children, or 2.8%, have been identified with ASD. This proportion exceeds the previous estimate released in December 2021, which put the prevalence at 1 in 44 children, or 2.3%. This number is also significantly larger than the 0.7% prevalence (1 in 150 children) reported in the CDC’s inaugural autism prevalence study in 2007.
Prevalence estimates also differed across the 11 data collection sites, ranging from 1 in 43 children (2.3%) in Maryland, to 1 in 22 (4.5%) in California. A second report examined 4-year-old children in the same 11 communities and found similarly high rates of autism (2.2%) in the network overall, and 4.6% in California in particular.
The findings were recently published in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries. All data were collected in 2020 by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, a program funded by the CDC to better understand the number and characteristics of children with ASD in the United States.
The full article will be below in case anyone want to read it.
Autism
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eldritchbauble · 24 days
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K wtf. The fact that your body sensing pain activates mast cells and histamine release is a whole other "well that sucks" when you have chronic pain and fatigue. That's worsened by. You know. Overactive mast cells and histamine.
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markscherz · 8 months
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Oh hey I'm in a similar situation to chemistry major anon, only I'd switched to neuroscience. I don't suppose there are any ways a neuroscience degree could be used to study the little dudes...? The only thing that comes to mind is like. Looking at herp brain function, but I'm not sure there's much demand for that lol
There's a huge demand for that! Go look at the work being done in Lauren O'Connell's lab. Frogs are some of the most amenable vertebrates for research on organ function. There is a LOT of work going on in that direction. I myself am extremely interested in the brain of miniaturised reptiles and amphibians. It's a very exciting field, and one that absolutely requires neuroscientists who are trained and have that knowledge, rather than pure herpetologists who know that there is a brain, but little else about it.
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science-lover33 · 7 months
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Delving Deeper into Neuron Anatomy and Brain Functionality (Part 2)
Welcome back, Tumblr enthusiasts! In Part 1, we took our first steps into the neuron and brain universe. Now, let's journey further into their astonishing anatomy and intricate physiology. 🌌💡
Now that we've dived even deeper into the neuron's inner workings and explored more brain regions, I hope you're as captivated as I am by the wonders of neuroscience. Continue to feed your curiosity and stay tuned for more brainy adventures! 🧠
Neuron Anatomy (Continued)
Myelin Sheath: Wrapped around many axons, this fatty insulating layer is like the neuron's protective armor. It speeds up the transmission of electrical signals by allowing them to "jump" from one gap in the myelin sheath, called the Nodes of Ranvier, to the next. Think of it as a high-speed neural highway.
Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes: These specialized cells produce the myelin sheath. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells individually wrap around axons. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes extend processes to multiple axons, forming myelin sheaths around them.
Sensory and Motor Neurons: Neurons aren't one-size-fits-all; they come in different shapes and sizes. Sensory neurons (afferent) bring sensory information from your body and surroundings to your brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons (efferent) carry commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, allowing you to move and react.
Neuron Physiology (Continued)
Neurotransmitters: These chemical messengers are the key to communication between neurons. When an action potential reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. These molecules bind to receptors on the neighboring neuron, initiating or inhibiting a new electrical signal, depending on the neurotransmitter type.
Synaptic Plasticity: Neurons can change the strength of their connections through a phenomenon called synaptic plasticity. This allows us to adapt and learn. Two important types include long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens synapses, and long-term depression (LTD), which weakens them.
Brain Functionality (Continued)
Thalamus: Often called the "relay station," the thalamus acts as a switchboard, directing sensory information (except for smell) to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex for further processing.
Hypothalamus: This small but mighty structure regulates many essential functions, including hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the body's internal clock (circadian rhythms).
Frontal Cortex: Located in the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, this region is responsible for higher cognitive functions like decision-making, planning, reasoning, and personality.
Temporal Lobes: These are crucial for auditory processing and memory. The hippocampus, nestled deep within the temporal lobes, is essential for forming new memories.
References
Purves, D., et al. (2017). "Neuroscience." Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M. (2012). "Principles of Neural Science." McGraw-Hill Education.
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lesvegas · 5 months
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Clip from 'Lecture 15: Human Sexual Behavior I' of Stanford's 'Introduction to Behavioral Biology' given by prof. Robert Sapolsky
(source)
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bpod-bpod · 3 months
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Nerve Meets Muscle
Aligned muscle fibres surrounded by innervating motor neurons forming functional neuromuscular junctions grown from human pluripotent stem cells creates a model for studying neuromuscular disease and drug targeting
Read the published research article here
Image from work by Alessia Urzi and colleagues
Stem Cell Modeling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Published in Nature Communications, December 2023
You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook
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compneuropapers · 2 months
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Interesting Reviews for Week 4, 2024
Cognition from the Body-Brain Partnership: Exaptation of Memory. Buzsáki, G., & Tingley, D. (2023). Annual Review of Neuroscience, 46(1), 191–210.
Prefrontal Cortical Control of Anxiety: Recent Advances. Mack, N. R., Deng, S., Yang, S.-S., Shu, Y., & Gao, W.-J. (2023). The Neuroscientist, 29(4), 488–505.
Neural Circuits for Emotion. Malezieux, M., Klein, A. S., & Gogolla, N. (2023). Annual Review of Neuroscience, 46(1), 211–231.
Recent Insights on Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease and Therapeutic Implications. Pinky, P. D., Pfitzer, J. C., Senfeld, J., Hong, H., Bhattacharya, S., Suppiramaniam, V., … Reed, M. N. (2023). The Neuroscientist, 29(4), 461–471.
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dasloddl · 5 months
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damn that was interesting
youtube
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stemgirlchic · 17 days
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the way i've spent hours hours hours researching molecular neurobiology for fun but as soon as it's assigned for a class my brain is like hehe nope
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This is really fascinating stuff, and it provides a biological basis for why society should be empathetic towards people with gender dysphoria. They're not just "crazy," they have a clinically recognizable neurological condition.
Question: how does someone "self ID" their own intrinsic network connectivity in their parietal-occipital and fronto-parietal networks? And why are we still entertaining this trans "self ID" crap as an "identity"?
🤔
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mindblowingscience · 3 months
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Dopamine is your brain's way of saying "job well done". Whether it's a winning hand of cards or nibbling on a favorite sweet treat, it's the neurotransmitter dopamine unlocking its own class of neuron that generates that sparkle of joy. Scientists have suspected the nerve cells that react to this happy little hormone might come in more than one variety, some of which might play a role in functions other than pure reward.
Continue Reading.
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