#tafsir

[badrrr]

“There is a subtle meaning here, for alongside His name "the Loving (al-Wadood)" He mentions His name *the Oft-Forgiving (al-Ghafoor)". So as to indicate that if the sinners repent to Allah and turn to Him, He will forgive their sins and love them, so that it cannot be said that He will forgive their sins but love will not be restored to them, as some erroneously suggested.

Rather Allah rejoices over the repentance of His slave when he repents, more than a man rejoices over his camel on which is his food and drink and all that he needs on his journey, which he loses in the rugged and dangerous wilderness, so he despairs of it and lies down in the shade of a tree to await death, then whilst he is in that state, his mount appears at his head, so he seizes its reins. Allah rejoices more over the repentance of His slave than this man rejoices over his mount, and this is a great joy that cannot be surpassed.

To Allah be praise and pure love; how great is His kindness and goodness, how abundant His grace and favour.”

-Tafsir Al-Sa’di

#islam #tafsir #quran

[al-fawaaid]

قال الإمام عبد الرحمن بن ناصر السعدي رحمه الله تعالى:

فإن العبد إذا أصابته مصيبة فصبر وثبت، ازداد بذلك إيمانه، ودل ذلك على أن استمرار الجزع مع العبد دليل على ضعف إيمانه.

[ تفسير السعدي | سورة القصص، آية ١٠]

Al-Imām ‘Abdur-Raḥmān ibn Nāṣir As-Si’dī, may Allāh have mercy upon him:

“Verily, if a calamity befalls the slave and he is patient and stays firm, his Īmān increases, and this proves that the slave constantly being in a state of worry is a sign of the weakness of his Īmān.” 

[Tafsīr As-Si’dī, Surah Al-Qaṣaṣ (10)]

#islamic quotes #sayings of the salaf #salafiyyah #islam #manhaj salaf #أقوال السلف #sunnah #آثار السلف #islamic knowledge #quran #الإيمان #الصبر #القدر #تفسير السعدي #تفسير القرآن #islamic post #islamic #quraan #tafsir

[investingthelight]

الحمدلله

A people blessed with The Reminder, The Clear Book, The Straight Path through this all.

Do not ever let discouragement settle in your hearts, follow the path of the believers…

وَلَا تَهِنُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْأَعْلَوْنَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

[3:139] You shall not waver, nor shall you grieve, for you are the ultimate victors, if you are believers.

إن يمسسكم قرح فقد مس القوم قرح مثله

If a wound has touched you, be sure a similar wound has touched the others (the enemy)

وتلك اﻻيام نداولها بين الناس

And so are the days, that We give to men by turns,

and at times -- out of wisdom -- We allow the enemy to overcome you, although the final good end will be yours…

وليعلم الله الذين آمنوا

and that Allah may know (test) those who believe,

According to Ibn Abbas, meaning, "So that We find out who would be patient while fighting the enemies.''

ويتخذ منكم شهداء

and that He may take martyrs from among you.

those who would be killed in Allah's cause and gladly offer their lives seeking His pleasure…

والله ﻻ يحب الظالمين

And الله does not like the wrongdoers…

سورة آل عمران

Surah Al-Imran 3:139

Tafsir Ibn-Kathir

#palestine #muslim #islamic #islamquotes #allahswt #deenoverdunya #holy quran #al quran #surah #surah al imran #allahuakbar #la ilaha illa allah #alhamdulillah #bismillah #allahﷻ #ya Allah #tafsir #quranverses #quran translation #quran ayah

[archivewitness]

Imam Sa’adi mentions some of the difficult circumstances Yusuf faced at the time when he was being called to do zina:

Firstly; Allaah has placed in man’s nature an inclination towards a woman, just like the inclination of a thirsty person towards water and that of a hungry person towards food…

Yusuf (at the time) was a young man, and the sexual desire of a young man is much stronger.

He was a bachelor.

He was a slave of the Azeez’s wife and was bought for a few dirhams. And a slave has no control over his affairs.

He was a stranger in the land; a stranger in a strange land can fulfil desires, which he is not able to fulfil in his own land and in the presence of his family and those who know him well.

The wife of the Azeez was a woman of high status and beauty; so one these two (affairs) calls one to agree with her request.

The wife of the Azeez was not inaccessible.

She sought after Yusuf; she desired him and was infatuated with him.

Many, many men become filled with vanity/pride when a woman (merely) waves or winks at them!

Yusuf was living in her house.

He was under her authority and would have feared being harmed for refusing to obey her in what she was calling him to.

Yusuf was safe from being exposed; because she sought after him and locked the doors.

She also appeared in her best adornment and said to Yusuf: Come on forward (to my body)!

She also threatened Yusuf with imprisonment and belittlement.

She sought the assistance of the rest of the women and Yusuf sought the assistance of Allaah against them!

Source: al-Asbaab wal A'maal Allatee Yudaa-afu Bihaa Ath-Thawaab by Imam Sa’adi (pp. 55-58)

#tafsir #islam #haqq #imamsaadi

[irishabdullah]

#quran #tafsir #islam #hadith #sufism #shia islam #sunni islam #gnostic islam #al fatihah #Youtube

[ilmtest]

Reading the Books of Sayyid Qutb

Do you advise the youth to read Sayyid Quṭb's books, and what is your opinion on Shaykh Rabīʿs books about Sayyid Quṭb, especially since some warn against them? هل تنصح الشباب بقراءة كتب سيد قطب وما هو قولكم في كتب الشيخ ربيع في سيد قطب وخاصة أن البعض يحذر منها؟ Sayyid Quṭb is considered a literary figure. He lived in disbelief for eleven years, سيد قطب يعتبر أديباً من الأدباء مكث مع الالحاد إحدى عشرة سنة then Allah, the Sublime and Exalted, guided him. ثم هداه الله سبحانه وتعالى، هداه الله سبحانه وتعالى He did not sit with al-ʿulamāʾ (ie: the scholars); ولم يجالس العلماء؛ he relied on his own fikr (ie: thoughts). اعتمد على فكره، He is considered a literary figure among those whom the verse of Allah, the Almighty, applies: {And the poets - [only] the deviators follow them; Do you not see that they roam in every valley and that they say what they do not do? - Except those who believe, do righteous deeds, remember Allah often, and defend themselves after they were wronged. And those who have wronged are going to know to what [kind of] return they will be returned} (26:224-227). فهو يعتبر أديباً من الأدباء ممن يصدق عليه وعلى أمثاله قول الله عز وجل: " وَالشُّعَرَاءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ الْغَاوُونَ *أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّهُمْ فِي كُلِّ وَادٍ يَهِيمُونَ *وَأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مَا لَا يَفْعَلُونَ *إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَانْتَصَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوا وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنقَلَبٍ يَنقَلِبُونَ ". So I ask the questioner: Have you read the entire “Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr”? فأنا أسأل السائل: أأنت قرأت كله؟، Have you read the entire “Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī”? أأنت قرأت كله؟، Have you read the entire “Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim”? أأنت قرأت كله؟، Have you read the entire “Musnad Aḥmad”? أأنت قرأت كله؟، Have you read the entire “Sunan Abū Dāwūd”? أأنت قرأت كلها؟، Have you read the entire “Jāmīʿ at-Tirmiḏī”? أأنت قرأت كله؟، Have you read the entire “Sunan al-Nasāʿī”? أأنت قرأت كلها؟، Or is it (only) after Sayyid Quṭb (that you will read those)? أم بعد سيد قطب؟!، Some people have become extremists in takfīr (ie: declaring Muslims as unbelievers) just by reading Sayyid Quṭb's books because of his frequent mention of “al-Ṭaġūt” and “al-Ṭaġūt.” بعض الناس أصبح بسبب قراءته في كتب سيد قطب أصبح من جماعة التكفير!!، بسبب نهجه وإكثاره من (الطاغوت)، و(الطاغوت)، Yes, we say: al-Ṭaġūt; but many times, we do not mean that this (Ṭaġūt) is outside the religion of Islām. نعم إننا نقول: الطاغوت؛ ولكن في كثير من الأوقات لا نعني أنه خارج من دين الإسلام. Therefore, I do not recommend reading the books of Sayyid Quṭb, فأنا لا أنصح بقراءة كتب سيد قطب، nor the books of Muḥammad al-Ġazzālī, ولا بقراءة كتب محمدٍ الغزالي، nor the books of Muḥammad Quṭb, ولا بقراءة كتب محمد قطب، nor the books of Zaynab al-Ġazzālī. ولا بقراءة كتب زينب الغزالية، Brothers, read the books of the Sunnah; يا إخواننا اقرؤوا كتب السنة؛ the book “Kitāb al-Tawḥīd” on the names and attributes of Allah by Ibn Khuzaymah, كتاب في الأسماء والصفات لابن خزيمة، “al-Sunnah” by Ibn Abī ʿĀṣim, لابن أبي عاصم، “al-Sharīʿah” by al-Ājurrī, للآجري، “Sharḥ al-Sunnah” by al-Lālikāʿī, للالكائي، “al-Sunnah” by Muḥammad b. Naṣr al-Marwazī, لمحمد بن نصر المروزي، the book “al-Īmān” by al-Qāsim b. Sallam, كتاب للقاسم بن سلام، and so on from the kutub ʿulamāʾnā al-mutaqaddimīn (ie: books of our earlier scholars). وهكذا من كتب علماءنا المتقدمين Allah has preserved His religion: {Indeed, it is We who sent down the ḏikr (the Qurʾān) and indeed, We will be its guardian} (15:9). فالله قد حفظ دينه: " إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْر وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ ". I do not declare Sayyid Quṭb an unbeliever; ولست أكفر سيد قطب؛ however, I say that his books should not be relied upon, ولكن أقول: إنه لا يعتمد عليه في كتبه، and may Allah reward our brother Rabīʿ b. Hādī, may Allah preserve him, who has advised and clarified the deviations and misguidances in the books of Sayyid Quṭb, and all praise is due to Allah. وجزى الله أخانا ربيع بن هادي حفظه الله تعالى خيراً فقد نصح وبين ما في كتب سيد قطب من الزيغ والضلال والحمد لله. From the tape: Suʾalāt Abī ʿAbd Allah al-Salafī al-Bunānī من شريط: (سؤالات أبي عبدالله السلفي اللبناني) 16th Ṣafar 1433H 16 صفر 1433هـ Muqbil b. Hādī al-Wādiʿī / مقبل بن هادي الوادعي https://muqbel.net/fatwa.php?fatwa_id=323 @ilmtest [https://t.me/ilmtest]

#islam #islaam #islamic #islaamic #muslim #salafi #salafiyyah #salaf #sayyid qutb #qutb #book #books #khuzaymah #khuzaimah #tawhid #tawheed #bida #innovation #rabee #madkhali #madkhalee #tirmidhi #dawud #bukhari #bukhaaree #bukhaari #kathir #katheer #tafsir #tasfeer

[alhamdulillah10]

Al walaa wal baraa!

"A brother once told about another brother, who has now returned to our Creator subhanahu wa'tala. This brother was someone who tried to implement loving and hating for the sake of Allah, like no other. One day they met with this brother and talked to each other - after a while they became very thirsty.

The brother told to them: "I'll go buy us something" - and went on his way. No one accompanied him, assuming that he was going to the supermarket around the corner.

10 minutes later he is not there.

20 minutes later he is not there.

30 minutes later he is not there.

The brothers began worrying, wondering where he was, perhaps something had happened to him, all of a sudden they see him coming back with a couple of bottles.

"Where were you?" - they asked him, wondering why he had taken so long. Because the supermarket was just around the corner.

He answered them:

"I prefer giving my money to people who testify just like me, that Allah is the one, instead of giving my money to the mushrikeen."

And for this way, he covered a distance of 45 minutes, instead of making it easy for himself to go around the corner, although he would be allowed to do so."

#islam #sunnah #allah #islamquotes #revert islam #hadith #islamic #islampost #muhammad ﷺ #allahuakbar #alwalaawalbaraa #taqwa #tawageet #tawheed #tawakkul #tawbah #tafsir #tahajjud #beautiful #muslim #islamic advice #islamic knowledge #islamicquotes #islamic reminders #quote #quotes #inspiring quotes #muwahid #fisabilillah #SubhanAllah

[muslimintp-1999-girl]

#tafsir #Quran #surah al layl #islam #Ramadan #Ramadan 2024 #Youtube

[ahlulhaditht]

Translated from the Arabic above

Sheikh Othmān al-Khamīs on Tafsīr Mujāhid

Ibn Jabar al-Makkī, al-Imām, al-Mufassir (the one who knows Tafsīr - interpretation of the Qur'an), the authority, the master. He says : I read out the Tafsīr to Ibn Abbās three times, stopping at each Āyah. And here is Sufyān at-Thawrī, may Allāh tabārakah wa ta'ālā have mercy on him, who said : if the Tafsīr comes from Mujāhid, then it is sufficient for you. [ Sheikh repeats : if it comes from Mujāhid then it is sufficient for you. ]

So the person should give great attention and care to Tafsīr of Ibn Jābir, may Allāh tabārakah wa ta'ālā have mercy on him, because on the whole he took it from Abdullah Ibn Abbās, although he also narrated from many of the Sahabāh - companions, may Allāh be pleased with them : Abū Hurairah, Aisha, Abdullah Ibn 'Amr... And the others, but he specialized in (Tafsīr of) Ibn Abbās.

t.me/Ahlul_hadith_translations

Picture shared by an Algerian sister.

One of the joys of learning Arabic is to get your hands onto valuable precious books which have not yet been fully translated into English.

One of them is the invaluable Tafsīr al-Mujāhid.

When I finally got my hands on the copy of this Tafsīr, I was surprised to find few and concise the words of the great Tābi'ee Mujāhid for each Āyah !

It reminded me of what Sheikh Ferkous the great Ahl-us-Sunnah scholar from Algeria said when he explained that the length of speech is not indicative of the knowledge of the person, rather quite the opposite. The Sahabāh were the most knowledgeable but their words were very concise, albeit carried a lot of meaning and were full of Hikmah - wisdom.

#ahlulhadith #ahlulsunnah #quran&sunnah #quranverses #tafsir #tafseer #islamicreminder #manhaj salaf

[jejak-aksara]

PUISI

Puisi adalah bahasa rahasia seorang penyair. Puisi adalah seni meninggalkan pesan dengan berbagai sarat makna. Dengan puisi, orang-orang dengan bebas menyuarakan apa yang dipikirannya. Tidak perlu risau dengan segala tafsir karena tafsir yang sebenar-benarnya hanya penyair itu sendiri yang tahu.

#puisi #sajak puisi #tafsir

[badrrr]

One can listen to tafsir in Arabic. It gives the option of choosing the tafsir book of your choice. Share so others may benefit and you find it in your scale of good deeds.

May Allah make us from amongst the people of Quran آمين

#quran kareem #holy quran #tafsir #muwahideen

[al-fawaaid]

نِعمَ أجرُ الصابرين

{إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّـٰبِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ}

“Only those who are patient shall receive their rewards in full, without reckoning." [39:10]

-

:قال الإمام عبد الرحمن السعدي رحمه الله تعالى

Al-Imām ‘Abdur-Rahmān As-Si’dī, may Allāh have mercy upon him:

،وهذا عام في جميع أنواع الصبر

“This is general in meaning and includes all types of patience:

 ،الصبر على أقدار الله المؤلمة فلا يتسخطها 

patience with accepting Allāh’s divine decree which is painful, so they are not displeased with it;

،والصبر عن معاصيه فلا يرتكبها

patience with refraining from disobeying Allāh, so they do not commit sins;

،والصبر على طاعته حتى يؤديها

and patience upon obedience to Him until they carry out the actions of obedience.

فوعد الله الصابرين أجرهم بغير حساب، أي: بغير حد ولا عد ولا مقدار

Allāh [Exalted is He] promised those who are patient their reward without reckoning; that is, without a limit, enumeration, or measure,

وما ذاك إلا لفضيلة الصبر ومحله عند الله، وأنه معين على كل الأور

and this is only due to the virtue of patience and it’s high status with Allāh, and He is The Helper in all affairs.”

[تفسير السعدي | سورة الزمر]

Tafsīr As-Si’dī, Surah Az-Zumar

#islamic quotes #quran #hadith #manhaj salaf #sayings of the salaf #salafiyyah #tafsir #mutoon taalib al ilm #القران الكريم #التفسير #تفسير القرآن #الصبر #تفسير السعدي #منهج السلف #أقوال السلف #الإسلام #الإيمان #حقائق الإيمان #سلف #أهل السنة

[investingthelight]

“There is not a single one of you except that his companion (a devil) has been assigned to him.

They (the Companions) said, "What about you, O Messenger of Allah!''

He replied:

Yes.

However, Allah has helped me against him and he has accepted Islam. Thus, he only commands me to do good.

It is also confirmed in the Two Sahihs from Anas, who reported the story of Safiyyah when she came to visit the Prophet while he was performing Itikaf, that he went out with her during the night to walk her back to her house. So, two men from the Ansar met him (on the way).

When they saw the Prophet, they began walking swiftly.

So, the Messenger of Allah said,

Slow down! This is Safiyyah bint Huyay!

They said, "Glory be to Allah, O Messenger of Allah!''

He said,

Verily, Shaytan runs in the Son of Adam like the running of the blood. And verily, I feared that he might cast something into your hearts --

or he said -- evil.

#islamic #islamquotes #muslim #hadith #deenoverdunya #holy quran #allahswt #prophet muhammed pbuh #sahih #ibn kathir #al quran #an nas #surah #tafsir

[archivewitness]

‎وَخُلِقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ ضَعِيفًۭا

"Man was created weak"

● [4:29]

Ibn 'Abbās رضي الله عنهما commented:

"This is because men are unable to stay away from women and intercourse..."

Tawus commented on this saying:

"This verse is regarding women."

Waki' commented on this saying:

"A man's mind leave when women are involved."

‎● {تفسير ابن عباس، تفسير ابن كثير}

#tafsir #ibnabbas

[eli-kittim]

The Quran: A Critical Review

By Bible Researcher & Author Eli Kittim 🎓

Islamic Origins

Aside from the fact that the Quran was initially built on bloodshed and violence——in which the founder of Islam, Muhammad, participated in many military battles to convert neighbouring peoples and tribes——there are many other problem areas with the history of Islam as well. Many Jews were slaughtered who would not convert, as well as many other innocent people. The motto is the same now as it was then: “convert or be killed by the sword.” The question is, would the pure and holy God of Heaven and earth condone, or even encourage, such behavior❓It’s true that during the Middle Ages the Catholic Church did the same. However, the founder of Christianity, Jesus Christ, did not engage in any military battles or in any terrorist attacks to convert people to Christianity by force. Muhammad did❗️One began with peace; the other with war❗️ That’s the main difference❗️

Bloodshed and violence also marked the beginning of the Islamic period following the death of Muhammad. Rival Muslim leaders were vying for control of the Caliphate. Many killed their rivals or were themselves assassinated. Even Ali (aka ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib)——a cousin, son-in-law, and companion of Muhammad——was himself assassinated in 661 AD. That’s when the Shia–Sunni split began. Since then, there have been so many different splintering sects (denominations) and myriads of different schools and branches of Islamic theology that it is downright misleading to claim that there’s only one interpretation of the Quran:

Islamic schools and branches have

different understandings of Islam. There are

many different sects or denominations,

schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and

schools of Islamic theology, or ʿaqīdah

(creed). Within Islamic groups themselves

there may be differences, such as different

orders (tariqa) within Sufism, and within

Sunnī Islam different schools of theology

(Aṯharī, Ashʿarī, Māturīdī) and jurisprudence

(Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī, Ḥanbalī). Groups in

Islam may be numerous (the largest

branches are Shīʿas and Sunnīs), or

relatively small in size (Ibadis, Zaydīs,

Ismāʿīlīs). Differences between the groups

may not be well known to Muslims outside

of scholarly circles, or may have induced

enough passion to have resulted in political

and religious violence (Barelvi, Deobandi,

Salafism, Wahhabism). There are informal

movements driven by ideas (such as Islamic

modernism and Islamism) as well as

organized groups with a governing body

(Ahmadiyya, Ismāʿīlism, Nation of Islam).

Some of the Islamic sects and groups

regard certain others as deviant or not truly

Muslim (Ahmadiyya, Alawites, Quranists).

Some Islamic sects and groups date back

to the early history of Islam between the 7th

and 9th centuries CE (Kharijites, Sunnīs,

Shīʿas), whereas others have arisen much

more recently (Islamic neo-traditionalism,

liberalism and progressivism, Islamic

modernism, Salafism and Wahhabism) or

even in the 20th century (Nation of Islam).

Still others were influential in their time but

are not longer in existence (non-Ibadi

Kharijites, Muʿtazila, Murji'ah).

—- Wikipedia (Islamic schools and

branches)

Another criticism that has been levelled against the Quran is that it has not been critically scrutinized rigorously in the same manner as the Bible, neither does it have a critical edition, nor is the manuscript evidence made available to scholars for serious study. There’s a secrecy surrounding it that seems to prevent scholarly investigations. For example, because it lacks a critical edition, there are no footnotes in the Quran to notify the reader about manuscript evidence, textual discrepancies, or omissions❗️

Textual and Linguistic Problems with the Quran

But these are not the only problems. There are many more problems with the Quran. While the Bible remained uniform, even though it was revealed to many different authors and prophets——written in different languages, during different time periods, and in many different locations——the Quran was only revealed to one man who happened to be illiterate. And how good was his memory? We don’t know. How much of what he heard was he able to retain? Let’s face it, the Quran is a relatively large book that is virtually impossible to memorize word for word, especially in the consonantal language of its day. Add to this the fact that in 632 CE, following Muhammad’s death, the Battle of Yamama ensued where a great number of those who had supposedly retained the Quran in their memory (hafiz) actually died. How then can Muslims claim the preservation of the Quran through memory and oral transmission❓

Muslims often claim that the Quran is a reliable, uncorrupted text because there is supposedly only one Quran. However, that is actually a misleading and fallacious argument. For one, Classical Arabic was a consonantal language that had no vowels and was thus open to various interpretations. It was different from the Arabic of today. For another, the controlled transmission of the Quran makes it impossible to know what was the original text. Hence its textual integrity has been seriously compromised. The text was in fact controlled by one person, the khalifa, as attested by Uthman's authority to recall and uniformly revise all the manuscripts. Therefore, when Uthman ibn Affan (the 3rd Caliph of Islam) burned all the existing variant copies of the Quran, he uniformly corrupted it in a textually undetectable manner. That’s actually a manipulation of the evidence. Why❓Because the Quran doesn’t allow us to come any closer to the original text than the Uthmanic Revised Standard Version 20 years removed from Muhammad. Any errors which found their way into the URSV would be permanent and uncorrectable. And, unfortunately, historical accounts from early Islam tell us that such errors existed because we have, for example, the “Sanaa manuscript,” which contains earlier developments of the Quran, demonstrating textual variances that diverge from the Uthman copy. Besides, there are so many different “readings” of the Quran which give rise to so many different Islamic interpretations❗️

Moreover, Islam has nothing new to offer by way of revelation. Its doctrine could simply be classified as a modified theological redundancy of the Judeo-Christian tradition and the Biblical heritage that preceded it. The main difference between Islam and Christianity is this. Unlike the Quran’s singular witness and source——given that it was only revealed to *one* man (Muhammad)——the revelations of the New Testament were imparted to many different people, thereby authenticating its message by multiple attestations and witnesses❗️

But there is more. With regard to source criticism——that is, the sources that the Quran’s message is derived from——there are some very serious issues of forgery involved. For example, there are well-known parallelisms between the Quran and the extra-biblical, non-inspired book of Talmud (e.g. Surah 5:32; cf. Sanhedrin 37a) as well as borrowing from Christian apocryphal works. Case in point, the Quran copies from the non-canonical Infancy Gospel of Thomas in which Jesus gives life to clay birds. The Quran also uses the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, an apocryphal Gnostic text of the 3rd century. This is one of the texts where the idea that Jesus was not crucified comes from. The text claims that Simon of Cyrene was crucified in Jesus’ place. Jesus is seen as standing by and supposedly "laughing at their ignorance.” The Quran also employs the Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter, an “uninspired” text that is part of the New Testament apocrypha. This text also denies the crucifixion of Jesus and suggests that there was a substitute. This is attested in the Quran, which says that Jesus was neither killed nor crucified (Sura 4:157-158). So, the Quran clearly employs Jewish and Christian apocryphal works that were never accepted as “inspired” either by the Jews or the Christians. Thus, the sources of the Quran are highly dubious, even though they are described within the text as “revelations” from God❗️

Theological and Historical Discrepancies

Muslims claim that the Quran is neither corrupted nor influenced by Judeo-Christian sources, and yet upon further scrutiny the book clearly incorporates passages from both the Jewish Talmud and from various Christian apocryphal works. Plagiarism abounds, and so does forgery. Therefore, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to maintain that it’s a “revelation” when at least some of the sources of the Quran are highly dubious! In fact, the evidence suggests that the Quran is the product of a late *Gnostic Christian revolt* against Byzantine Orthodoxy. What I am proposing is that the *Gnostic-Christian Sects* that were marginalized by Byzantine Orthodoxy from the fourth century onwards didn’t go away quietly but seemingly conspired against the Church during the early part of the dark ages! The result of those efforts eventuated in the Book we now call the Quran. The syncretistic-gnostic elements present in the Quran suggest that it was in fact an amalgamation of heresies that characterized many different Gnostic Christian sects. In other words, Islam was originally a heretical Eastern-Christian sect❗️

The aforementioned textual criticisms are further compounded when we realize that the Quran contains further theological discrepancies. For example, there are numerous verses in the Quran where Allah is swearing by created things that are less-than-God, thus committing “shirk” (i.e. the sin of ascribing divine status to any other beings beside Allah). Here’s a case in point. In sura 81:15, Allah says: “But nay! I swear by the stars.” Another example is sura 91 verse 1: “I swear by the sun and its brilliance.” When God supposedly swears by something which is less than himself the truth value of his assertion is obviously weakened. By definition, an oath is meant to buttress an argument, not to decrease the weight thereof. Therefore, the truth value of an oath is equivalent to, and connected with, the truth value of the one who declares it. As such, Allah’s oaths (swearing by created things) directly contradict his so-called divine status. By contrast, the God of the Bible swears by Himself, since there is nothing greater to swear under (cf. Gen. 22.16; Isa. 45.23; Heb. 6.13). By definition, an oath is a solemn attestation of the truth of one's words. In this case, how can Allah’s oaths be trustworthy if they appeal to something that is less than himself? Answer: they cannot! It appears, then, that the aforementioned oaths in the Quran are reflecting a human rather than a divine author.

These are just some of the problems of the Quran. But there are many, many more. The Quran lacks historicity. Mecca and Medina, for example, were deserts without water or vegetation, making it highly unlikely for a civilization to live there, let alone thrive, according to Islamic expert Dr. Jay Smith. Not to mention that these cities are not mentioned anywhere until the late 8th century. This would strongly suggest that the stories concerning these locations are probably nothing more than historical fiction❗️

The Biblical Stories are Altered in the Quran

There’s also a great deal of deliberate misinformation that is coming from Islamic scholars. For example, I’m currently reading “The Clear Quran Series: A Thematic English Translation” (Lombard: Book of Signs Foundation, 2016), translated by Dr. Mustafa Khattab, with chief editors: Abu-Isa Webb, Aaron Wannamaker, and Hisham Sharif. They are affiliated with the site: TheClearQuran.org. In the preface, Dr. Khattab says (p. xvi):

Arab Muslims, Christians, and Jews call

God ‘Allah.’

This is false. Neither Jews nor Christians call God Allah. In providing a definition for the name, Dr. Khattab is disingenuous because he fails to inform readers that Allah was a pre-Islamic god who was worshipped long before the writing of the Quran. On the same page, he makes another linguistic error by stating that “Jesus used ‘Alaha’ to refer to God.” This is false. Jesus never called God Alaha. On the following page (xvii), Dr. Khattab begins a paragraph with the title “WAS THE QURAN COPIED FROM THE BIBLE❓He writes:

It is worth mentioning that the first Arabic

translation of the Bible was done centuries

after the Prophet’s death.

He attributes the similarities between the Quran and the Bible not on “intertextuality” (i.e. literary copying) but rather on “divine revelation.” However, this is another misleading argument. The Bible had been translated into Syriac, Coptic, Aramaic, and Latin within the first few centuries of the common era, which makes it highly improbable that the first Arabic translation occurred in the 9th century. Just because we haven’t found earlier Arabic manuscripts doesn’t mean they did not exist. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Besides, we know that there existed an Arab-Christian community long before the time of Muhammad. There were certainly Christian churches in the East where the Bible was regularly preached. Textual criticism demonstrates a literary dependence of the Quran on various spurious works of a Christian and Jewish bent. Scholars can trace many of the stories of the Quran back to the Bible and the early Gnostic apocryphal texts. How would the early Muslims know about these texts or be able to copy them if they were not written in Arabic❓Dr. Khattab makes many other erroneous and fallacious comments that I will not mention at this juncture because they will divert us from the topic in question.

Things actually get much worse once we start reading the Quran. Dr. Khattab claims that it is a masterpiece of Arabic literature, something akin to Shakespeare. But once you start reading it, it quickly becomes apparent that it doesn’t have the majestic refinement, eloquence, elegance, loftiness, or the wisdom of the Bible. In fact, it is so crude, unrefined, and tasteless that it doesn’t even sound “inspired,” let alone revealed. It actually reads like a second rate text in which a very insecure author is trying to establish himself either by gaslighting the readers or by blowing smoke about his knowledge of the Bible via the use of repetitive phrases such as “remember” Moses, “remember” Abraham, etc. But who gave him the literary license to alter the Biblical stories and to present them mangled and distorted❓How is the reader supposed to “remember” the Bible if the author of the Quran is constantly interpolating new material and changing the stories, either deliberately or because he never really understood them❓

As I started to read the Quran, I noticed that God is not talking in the first person. Rather, there seems to be a human narrator, which begs the question: how is this text divine❓The preface claims that the Quran is scientifically accurate, yet Surah 2:22 refers to God who made “the sky a canopy.” The sky is obviously not a canopy. Also, the author seems to have little confidence because he’s constantly challenging the reader to defy him. God would not speak in that tone. As you read on, it becomes apparent that the author wants to discredit the Christian Trinity. But he devised a clever rhetorical device to do so. He has God supposedly saying “We” did this, or “We” did that. And then he explains that God is talking to the Angels. This would suggest that God used the help of angels to co-create. This would elevate the status of angels to “co-creators,” which is certainly a theological and hermeneutical contradiction! This is also theologically problematic because when God says in Genesis 1.26 “Let Us make mankind in Our image, according to Our likeness,” he is obviously not talking to angels because humankind is not made in the image of (created) angels but rather in the image of (the uncreated) God! Yet the Quran (Surah 2:30) directly contradicts this by claiming that God was talking to the angels about the creation of human beings:

‘Remember’ when your Lord said to the

angels, ‘I am going to place a successive

‘human’ authority on earth.’

Further theological discrepancies occur in Surah 2:32 in which the angels admit to not knowing “the names of all things” (Surah 2:31). But, surprisingly, “God said, ‘O Adam! Inform them of their names’ “ (Surah 2:33). In other words, the human Adam had more extensive knowledge than the divine angelic host combined. I’m not sure how a finite and limited human being who doesn’t have access to divine knowledge can possibly know more than the angelic beings who have existed for aeons upon aeons before the creation of the universe! This passage is yet another instance that reveals Allah’s lack of confidence, in which he’s constantly challenging the angels in order to prove that he knows more than they do. To make matters worse, the author once again invokes the memory of an episode that doesn’t exist in the Bible. So, there’s actually nothing to “remember.” This is a fabrication out of whole cloth. Yet, in Surah 2:34, the author writes:

And ‘remember’ when We said to the

angels, ‘Prostrate before Adam,’ so they all

did——but not Iblis [Satan], who refused

and acted arrogantly.

This Quranic commandment actually violates the 1st commandment of the Torah: “You shall have no other God’s before me.” In the New Testament, Romans 1:25 also condemns those who have “worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator.” The Book of Revelation 19.10 strictly prohibits people from worshipping even angels, let alone humans. Therefore, this Quranic passage not only directly contradicts the Bible but is also ironically forcing us to “remember” a false memory, namely, that God commanded the angels to worship Adam. But there’s no evidence that God ever said that. So how can anyone “remember” something that never happened❓This is nothing short of literary gaslighting❗️

What is more, Surah 2:35-36 directly contradicts the Genesis creation account by claiming that Adam and Eve lived “in Paradise,” and after the fall had to “Descend from the heavens ‘to the earth.’ “ This also contradicts the Bible which states that Adam was created on earth (Genesis 1:27). In Surah 2:51-52, the author says that even though “you worshipped the calf in his [Moses’] absence, … We ‘still’ forgave you.” It appears that the angels have the power to forgive sins. I thought only God forgave sins. Apparently, the angels forgive, too. Then, in Surah 2:57, the author says to the Israelites:

And ‘remember when’ We shaded you with

clouds and sent down to you manna and

quails, ‘saying’, ‘Eat from the good things

We have provided for you.’ The evildoers

‘certainly’ did not wrong Us, but wronged

themselves.

Since the author will later deny the Trinity by proclaiming that God is one, it begs the question: who does the plural pronoun “We” refer to❓It seems as if the author of the Quran is trying to reinterpret the plural pronoun “Us” in Genesis 1.26—-when God said “Let Us make mankind in Our image, according to Our likeness”——by suggesting that God was talking to the angels. Thus, the “We” plural pronoun, once again, suggests a reference to the angelic host. However, this theological language is problematic because God wouldn’t speak about the angels as being co-creators or providers of the human race. On the contrary, Philippians 4:19 says that it is God (and God alone) who supplies “every need of yours according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus.” Furthermore, God wouldn’t share his glory with the angels by implying that they’re co-creators, co-providers, and co-forgivers. Isaiah 42:8 reads:

I am the LORD; that is my name! I will not

yield my glory to another or my praise to

idols.

Therefore, in using the plural pronoun “We” to describe the joint efforts of God and the angels, the author of the Quran clearly demonstrates that he has misunderstood the theology of the Old and New Testaments. That’s precisely why the Quran doesn’t sound like divine scripture. It doesn’t have the ring of truth; it doesn’t sound genuine❗️This unbiblical conflation of God with angels is seen again in Surah 2:59, which reads: “We sent down a punishment from the heavens upon them for their rebelliousness.” Notice, it is not God who sent it; “We sent” it❗️Not to mention that God’s language in the Quran is rather vulgar and insulting. Surah 2:65 records the punishment for the Sabbath-Breakers:

You are already aware of those of you who

broke the Sabbath. We said to them, ‘Be

disgraced apes!’

A very insulting and demeaning language is used that is uncharacteristic of a pure and holy God. This is certainly not the language of the Bible❗️Incidentally, Jesus also broke the Sabbath and healed a man who had been unable to walk for 38 years (John 5:1-18). Is the author of the Quran alluding to Jesus as well, calling him an ape❓How insulting❗️

Then comes a projection. We already know that Muhammad was illiterate. We also know that the Quran knows nothing about Holy Scripture because it keeps getting the stories wrong, misinterpreting them, distorting them, and adding to them. But, ironically, instead of admitting this, the author of the Quran pronounces a condemnation on those who do these things. But that’s exactly what the Quran is doing❗️He writes in Surah 2:78-79:

And among them are the illiterate who know

nothing about the Scripture except lies, and

‘so’ they ‘wishfully’ speculate. So woe to

those who distort the Scripture with their

own hands [writings] then say, ‘This is from

God’——seeking a fleeting gain! So woe to

them for what their hands have written.

In Surah 2:102, the Quran talks of magical themes:

They ‘instead’ followed the magic promoted

by the devils during the reign of Solomon.

This reference is not found anywhere in Scripture. As far as I know, the only known text to discuss demonic magic during the time of Solomon is a pseudepigraphical text, ascribed to King Solomon, which is known as The “Testament of Solomon.”

Another linguistic problem with the Quran is that it has God openly disrespecting Christians and Jews and their scriptures in a manner that is not theologically persuasive or convincing. God would not talk down to Christians and Jews by mocking their Scriptural beliefs. This is uncharacteristic of the holy and pure God of Scripture (see e.g. Surah 2:111, 113, 120). The Quran is also embellishing and contradicting the Scriptural stories by adding extraneous elements. If these stories were revealed in the 7th century, why were they not known to the earlier prophets or mentioned in Scripture? Nowhere throughout the Old and New Testaments is there the slightest clue, for example, that Abraham was in Mecca. So how are the readers supposed to REMEMBER this story❓Yet Surah 2:126 declares:

And ‘remember’ when Abraham said, ‘My

Lord, make this city ‘of Mecca’ secure and

provide fruits to its people.

Unless this is copied from a spurious, apocryphal Gnostic text, there’s really nothing to remember❗️What is more, the Quran distorts Scripture. In the Bible, Ishmael and Hagar are disowned by Abraham. In Genesis 21:8-21, Abraham sends Hagar and Ishmael away. Moreover, Isaac is the promised seed or the heir of the promises (see Gen. 13:15; 15:5; 22:17). But in the Quran it’s the exact opposite. It is Ishmael who is the promised one, and Abraham celebrates him. This is called “twisting God’s Word,” which is a manipulation of the Scriptural evidence. It represents a kind of underhanded (sleight of hand) Islamic apologetics. It is as if we have a new film director who decided to change the plot. In this 7th century (dark ages) sequel to the Bible, it’s all about Abraham and Ishmael. And we have another plot twist in which the second commandment that prohibits the worship of idols is broken. There’s also an allusion to the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, which was also venerated in pre-Islamic pagan times. Paradoxically, Surah 2:125 urges the reader to remember a time that never existed. I suppose it’s a clever way of attempting to historicize a fictional narrative that has no basis in history or literature:

And ‘remember’ when We made the Sacred

House [Ka’bah] a centre and a sanctuary

for the people ‘saying’, ‘You may take the

standing-place of Abraham as a site of

prayer.’ And We entrusted Abraham and

Ishmael to purify My House for those who

circle it, who meditate in it, and who bow

and prostrate themselves ‘in prayer’.

Then there is a theological fabrication of the one true God which departs from Scripture and tradition. It also falsifies Hebrew Scripture which never mentions Yahweh as the God of Ishmael. Surah 2:133 declares:

Or did you witness when death came to

Jacob? He asked his children, ‘Who will

you worship after my passing?’ They

replied, ‘We will continue to worship your

God, the God of your forefathers——

Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac——the One

God. And to him we all submit.’

There is also a seeming allusion to the Christians, whom the anonymous author of the Quran is denouncing as polytheists (see Surah 2:135). The author of the Quran obviously doesn’t understand the theological concept of the Trinity. It doesn’t evoke polytheism. The Triune God is defined as one God who exists in three coeternal, coequal, consubstantial divine persons. An analogy would be the fingers of a hand. Although there may be 5 fingers, it is still ONE (1) HAND❗️

——-

For further details on the Trinity, see the following article:

Is the Trinity a Biblical Teaching?

https://eli-kittim.tumblr.com/post/631800420436754432/is-the-trinity-a-biblical-teaching

——-

The Quran Contradicts Itself

Finally, I will put forth one last statement before I make my closing arguments. The anonymous author of the Quran claims that he follows the revelations of the Hebrew patriarchs and of Jesus. He writes (Surah 2:136):

Say, O believers, ‘We believe in God and

what has been revealed to us; and what

was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac,

Jacob, and his descendants; and what was

given to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets

from the Lord. We make no distinction

between any of them.

There are two things, here, worthy of consideration. On the one hand, the author claims to accept the revelation of Jesus. On the other hand, he contradicts the revelation of Jesus by saying that Jesus is no different than anyone else. Well, which is it❓Does he accept Jesus’ revelation or not❓He’s violating the law of non-contradiction, which states that contradictory propositions cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time. Jesus claimed that God is a trinity. Matthew 28.19, for example, is an authentic verse that is part of the New Testament critical edition. In this verse, Jesus describes what God is:

Go, therefore, and make disciples of all the

nations, baptizing them in the name of the

Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.

If the anonymous author of the Quran accepts Jesus’ revelation, as he claims, then it is incumbent upon him to also accept the revelation of the Trinity as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit❗️Moreover, if this author accepts Jesus’ revelation, then it is incumbent upon him to also accept the divinity of Jesus❗️ Otherwise he is contradicting himself❗️

The Deity of Jesus Christ

In John 1:1 (“the word was God”); Colossians 2:9 (“in him the whole fullness of the godhead [θεότητος] dwells bodily”); Hebrews 1:3 (“The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact imprint of his being��); Titus 2:13 (“our great God and Savior Jesus Christ”); Philippians 2:6 (“being in very nature God”); Colossians 1:15 (“The Son is the image of the invisible God”); 2 Peter 1:1 (“our God and Savior Jesus Christ”). And in John 1:3 and Hebrews 1:2 Jesus is the creator and the “heir of all things, through whom he [God] also created the worlds.” John 1:3: “All things came into being through him [Jesus], and without him not one thing came into being.”

——-

Jesus’ Incarnation Prophesied in the Tanakh (Old Testament)

Leviticus 26.12:

“I will walk among you and be your God”

Micah 5.2:

“out of you will come forth for Me One to be ruler over Israel—One whose origins are of old, from the days of eternity.”

Daniel 7.13-14:

“one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. … He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of every language worshiped him.”

Isaiah 53.3-5:

“He was despised and rejected …, a man of suffering, and familiar with pain. … Surely he took up our pain and bore our suffering, yet we considered him punished by God, stricken by him, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by his wounds we are healed.”

Zechariah 12:10

“They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn”

Isaiah 9.6 (emphasis added):

“For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, MIGHTY GOD, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.”

You have to be exegetically ignorant or completely illiterate not to notice that the divine Messiah was prophesied in both the Tanakh and the Habrit Hachadashah❗️If the author of the Quran accepts Jesus as the Messiah——as well as Jesus’ revelation, and his future coming——then he must also accept the aforementioned revelations❗️

Conclusion

So, the Quran was built on bloodshed and violence in which its prophet, Muhammad, participated in many military battles to convert people to Islam. Bloodshed and violence also marked the beginning of the Islamic period following the death of Muhammad. Rival Muslim leaders were vying for control of the Caliphate killing each other off and forcing conversion by the sword. The Quran was written in consonantal Arabic, a language which is susceptible to multiple interpretations. There were also multiple versions that were burned and destroyed, so that the controlled transmission of the Quran makes it impossible to know what was the original text. What is more, the Quran lacks a critical edition, and has no scholarly apparatus to inform us about important text-critical questions. The hafiz died, and so did the oral tradition. And the Quran itself is full of discrepancies and contradictions, constantly changing and falsifying the Biblical stories to suit the author’s theological needs. But Adam was created on earth, not in heaven. God never asked the angels to worship Adam, nor did he make man in their image. And Yahweh is the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, not the God of Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac. So, when the Quran tells us to “remember” these fabricated stories that have been ripped out of their original contexts and altered, this is a deceptive way to gaslight its readers. The Quran is also a collection of forgeries of many different apocryphal and pseudepigraphical Jewish and Christian texts. The Quran lacks the majestic refinement, eloquence, and loftiness of the Bible. In fact, it is rather crude and unrefined, so much so that it doesn’t even sound “inspired,” let alone revealed. It actually reads like a second rate text in which a very insecure author is trying to establish himself either by gaslighting his readers or by trying to persuade them of his biblical knowledge through the use of repetitive phrases such as “remember” Moses, “remember” Abraham, etc. But who gave him the literary license to alter the Biblical stories and to present them mangled and distorted❓No❗️The Quran doesn’t read like Scripture. It doesn’t have the ring of truth❗️

#quran #islam #ʿAlīibnAbīṬālib #muhammad #hafiz #ClassicalArabic #shia islam #SunniIslam #textualcriticism #intertextuality #ελικιτίμ #tafsir #MustafaKhattab #gnostic christianity #IslamicOrigins #abrahamic religions #το_μικρό_βιβλίο_της_αποκάλυψης #εκ #القرآن #isa #jesus #the little book of revelation #messiah #allah #ek #holy kaaba #blackstone #elikittim #apocrypha #pseudepigrapha

[hamzabunker]

Approach of the Ahlus Sunnah on the Ambiguous Attributes of Allah

Allah does not have a body and the attributes he has mentioned such as ‘hand’, ‘face’, ‘shin’, etc are not taken on human terms, as Allah has said in the Quran, “There is none similar to Him”. (Shura 42:11) The verses mentioning them are also considered to be “mutashabihat” (ambiguous/unclear) verses.

“He is the One who has revealed to you the Book (the Qur’ān). Out of it there are verses that are Muhkamāt (of established meaning), which are the principal verses of the Book, and some others are Mutashābihāt (whose definite meanings are unknown). Now those who have perversity in their hearts go after such part of it as is mutashābih, seeking (to create) discord, and searching for its interpretation (that meets their desires), while no one knows its interpretation except Allah; and those well-grounded in knowledge say: “We believe therein; all is from our Lord.” Only the men of understanding observe the advice.” (Aali-Imran 3:7)

The First Point:

The correct approach to the ambiguous attributes is to leave the meaning to Allah, affirm it as Allah intended and to pass on through these verses without going into the details. The details of these are known only to Allah. This is the approach of tafwidh taken by the salaf, and Imam Malik famously regarded a person who seeks the details of these verses to be an innovator. (read further for the narration)

The Second Point:

This is about the translatability of these unclear terms such as ‘yad’. Imam Abu Hanifah (RH) discouraged translating the term ‘yad’ into Persian (non-Arabic language) as ‘dast-e-khuda’ (hand of God). This is expressed in his Al-Fiqh al-Akbar:

وكل شَيْء ذكره الْعلمَاء بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ من صِفَات الله عز اسْمه فَجَائِز القَوْل بِهِ سوى الْيَد بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ وَيجوز أن يُقَال "بروىء خد" أَي عز وَجل بِلَا تَشْبِيه وَلَا كَيْفيَّة It is permissible to express all the attributes of Allah Most High that the scholars have expressed in Persian, with the exception of hand in Persian. It is permissible to say ru’e khuda (the Countenance of God) Most Mighty and Majestic without any comparison or modality.

This was to avoid any anthropomorphic ideas from developing in the minds of the common people. Al-Maghnisawi in his sharh (commentary) explains this deeper:

“It is permissible to express all the attributes of Allah Most High that the scholars have expressed in Persian, that is, in any language other than Arabic. Likewise, it is permissible to express all other terms the scholars have expressed in other languages concerning the names of Allah Most High. Hence, it is permissible to say khuday ta'ala tawanast (God Most High is the All-powerful) with the exception of hand in Persian, that is, in non-Arabic. Hence, it is not permissible to say daste khuda (the Hand of God) [in Persian]. It is permissible to say ru’e khuda (the Countenance of God) Most Mighty and Majestic without any comparison or modality.”

Mulla Ali al-Qari (RH) states in his sharh:

“What is understood from this is that it is permissible for the scholars [of other languages] and others to express the attributes of Allah [in those languages] by mentioning, for instance, the hand (yad) according to the way they have been revealed [in the texts, while specifically avoiding anthropomorphic interpretation or insinuation].”

The Third Point:

Now that we have discussed above that the best course to take is to consign the meanings of these verses to Allah without contemplating about their reality, we must understand that Allah is in no way similar to his creation and he is free from being a substance and a body. That is, we must make tanzih which means that we declare Allah to be transcendent from resembling the creation in any way (denying tashbih).

ليس كمثله شيء “There is none similar to Him” (Shura 42:11) ولم يكن له كفوا أحد “And there is none comparable to Him” (Ikhlas 112:4)

The Fourth Point:

We must know that the question ‘how’ (kayf) describing modality does not apply to Allah, so we must make nafy (denial) of any kayf for Allah. A narration from Imam Malik:

قال البيهقي: أخبرنا أبو عبد الله الحافظ أحمد بن محمد بن إسماعيل بن مهران، ثنا أبي حدّثنا أبو الربيع بن أخي رشدين ابن سعد قال: سمعت عبد الله بن وهب يقول: كنا عند مالك بن أنس فدخل رجل فقال: يا أبا عبدالله الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى العَرْشِ اسْتَوَى كيف استواؤه؟، قال: فأطرق مالك وأخذته الرحضاء ، ثم رفع رأسه فقال: (( الرحمن على العرش استوى كما وصف نفسه، ولا يقال كيف، وكيف عنه مرفوع، وأنت رجل سوء صاحب بدعة أخرجوه، قال: فأُخرج From Ibn Wahb: “We were with Malik when a man asked him: ‘O Abu `Abd Allah! “al-Rahman ‘ala al-‘arshi stawa” (20:5): how is His istiwa?’ Malik lowered his head and began to sweat profusely. Then he lifted up his head and said: ‘”al-Rahman ‘ala ‘arshi stawa” just as He described Himself. One cannot ask “how.” “How” is raised from him (does not apply to Him). And you are an evil man, a man of innovation. Take him out!’ The man was led out.” (Narrated by al-Bayhaqi with a sound chain in al-Asma’ wa al-Sifat (2:304-305 #866), al-Dhahabi in the Siyar (7:416), and Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Bari (1959 ed. 13:406-407; 1989 ed. 13:501).)

Jazakumullah khayr

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