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What are the symptoms of tongue cancer? 2023

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What are the symptoms of tongue cancer? 2023

The tongue is located in the mouth and consists of muscles; It is an organ with functions such as chewing, swallowing, initiation of digestion, speech and taste. Cancer, on the other hand, is defined as a malignant tumor that covers certain structures in the body and spreads starting from the cells in the layers known as the epithelium. As with many tissues in the body, sometimes tumors can be seen in the tongue.

Mouth and tongue cancers are found on the lips, tongue or gums and usually threaten men over the age of 45. It is very important for people to be informed about the types of cancer and their symptoms, because it can be vital for the person to see the doctor and be diagnosed as well as noticing the symptoms himself. Early diagnosis has a very important place in cancer types.

What is tongue cancer?

Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that usually occurs in epithelial cells on the surface of the tongue or from a different tissue in the body. It progresses in the form of damage to the surrounding tissues and cells as a result of the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of tissues with different functions that make up the language and the cells that make up these tissues.

If this tumor that occurs in the tongue is not noticed in the early period and treatment is not started, there is a risk of spreading (metastasis) to the lymph nodes in the neck or to different organs in the body, and in this case, the disease becomes much more serious. In order to avoid this risk, we should have sufficient information about cancer types by experts and we should have regular check-ups. In this way, our probability of early diagnosis increases.

In the early stages of oral cancers, sometimes the symptoms are absent or very mild, so it is very difficult to diagnose. For this reason, oral and tongue cancers are among the dangerous types of cancer and are in the 8th place among the most common cancer types. People who smoke or drink alcohol are much more likely to develop this cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to be more attentive to the symptoms.

Tongue cancer is the most common type of cancer that can be seen in the mouth. Apart from the tongue, cancer can also be seen in the mouth floor – sublingual, gingiva and jawbone (mandible maxilla), cheek, tonsil – tonsils, hard and soft palates – uvula or lip parts.

What are the types of tongue and intraoral tumors?

Benign Tumors: Some tumors seen in the tongue are benign tumors called papillomas (warty tumors), fibromas and granulomas.

Malignant Tumors:

Squamous Cell (Epidermoid) Cancer: It is the most common type of tumor in the epithelial layer on the surface of the tongue. This type of cancer is also the most common type of tumor seen in the head and neck region. Examples of areas where tumors can be seen in the head and neck region are the nose, mouth (oral cavity), throat, pharynx (oropharynx), lower pharynx (hypopharynx) and larynx (larynx).

Mucoepidermoid Cancer: It is the type of tumor seen in the salivary gland cells in microscopic sizes in the epithelial tissue on the surface of the tongue. Apart from the tongue, it can also originate from the epithelial tissues of different organs in the head and neck region. This tumor can also occur in areas opening to the oral cavity called parotid (in front of the ear), submandibular (under the chin), and sublingual (sublingual salivary glands). In this type of cancer, the symptom is usually swelling.

Adenocystic Cancer (Adenoid cystic cancer): It is seen in salivary gland cells in microscopic sizes in the epithelial tissue on the surface of the tongue, as in mucoepidermoid cancer type. It occurs in areas where mucoepidermoid cancer type can be seen, and likewise, its symptom is mostly seen as swelling.

What is the incidence of tongue cancer?

The incidence of tongue cancer among all oral cancers is 3%. It is the most common lip cancer among oral cancers, but tongue cancer comes in the second place. The probability of being seen in individuals under the age of 40 is very low, but the incidence increases gradually after the age of 60-70. It is also more likely to occur in men than in women. This is due to the fact that smoking and alcohol use are more common in men than in women.

What are the causes of tongue and oral tumors or cancer?

Frequent use of cigarettes or different tobacco products,

Persistent and excessive alcohol consumption

Problems in oral hygiene (such as untreated decayed teeth, gingivitis, tooth fractures, tooth irregularities)

Dental prostheses that irritate the mucosa over time because they do not fit well,

human papillomavirus (HPV) status,

It can be counted as betel chewing, which is common in the Southeast Asian region.

In some patients, these factors may not cause cancer. This should still be taken into account.

What are the symptoms seen in tongue and oral cancer or tumor?

Having a red-white patchy sore or ulcer on the tongue, usually on its side, that does not last for weeks and sometimes months, and this wound grows into a serious condition as time passes, unlike other wounds,

The wound on the tongue causes pain as time passes, and sometimes even this pain hits the ear,

Pain when chewing or swallowing while eating,

Feeling of hardening in the tissue of the tongue,

Bad odor in the breath

Sometimes feeling numbness in the tongue or in certain areas in the mouth,

Changes in the person’s voice

Unexplained weight loss

Mass formation in the head or neck region,

Observation of growth in the glands in the neck region,

Difficulty during mouth opening can be counted as feeling pain.

Anyone who notices these symptoms in himself should consult an otolaryngologist as soon as possible. If the doctor suspects, a biopsy test is requested and a diagnosis is made according to the result. If the doctor diagnoses tongue cancer in the biopsy results, some tests are performed to test whether this cancer has spread to different tissues in the body, the size of the tumor, and the stage of the tumor. The imaging modalities that can be used at this stage are known as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or MRI. As a result of this imaging, the treatment that should be applied to the person is created by the specialist physician.

What are the methods in the treatment of tongue cancer?

Tongue cancer is a type of cancer that can be treated, but early diagnosis is vital in this type of cancer, as in all cancer types. Surgical method comes to mind as the first and main treatment in tongue cancer. In this surgical method, tumor removal is performed. However, radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment is required in people who are found to have an advanced stage of tongue cancer or have spread to different regions as a result of imaging studies. In such cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy is usually added to the surgical method. In the treatment options applied, the most efficient results are obtained in patients who are diagnosed when the cancer is at an early stage, have cancer that has not spread, and are in good general condition.

Surgical Method: The complexity of surgical treatment performed according to the size of the tumors may also differ. In case of tongue cancer, it is necessary to clean the lymph nodes and lymph vessels that are suspicious or at risk, since there is usually a possibility of spreading. This operation is called neck dissection.

Radiotherapy: In cancer types that are at an advanced stage or that have spread as a result of imaging techniques, it is necessary to undergo radiotherapy after the surgical procedure. Radiotherapy treatment is also recommended for people who are unable to perform surgery or in cases of cancer that recurs despite the surgery.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is not applied as a stand-alone treatment in patients with tongue cancer, but is recommended by physicians in cases where other treatments do not work or as an additional treatment to radiotherapy.

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