Hellenic Gods Fact Sheets and Hymns: Apollo
Apollo
Other Names: Phoebus
Epithets: Phoibos (the bright), Argyrotoxos (of the silver bow), Thearius (of the oracle), Loimios (deliverer from plague), Hekatos (worker from afar, i.e. sniper), Lukeios (either “wolf-slayer” or “giver of light”), Paean (healer), Akesios (healing), Iatros (doctor), Agraeus (the hunter), Boedromios (rescuer), Alexikakos (averter of evil), Agyieus (protector of streets/public places), Khrysaor (he of the golden sword), Kitharodos (singer to the lyre), Delios (of Delos), Daphnaeus (of the laurel), Intonsus (of long hair, used for Dionysus as well, indicating their youth), Delphinios (of the dolphins), Musagetes (leader of the Muses), Epicurious (helping, ally), Nomios (pastoral), Lykios (of the wolves), Leukatas (of the light), Aigletes (radiant), Iatromantis (prophet), Manticus (prophetic), Loxias (~speaker [for Zeus]).
Domains: Light, music and song, poetry, prophecy and divination, logic and reason, truth, healing and disease, medicine, averting evil, punishing the wicked, archery, herding, civilization, building cities and fortification, ritual purification, young men, youth, the sun.
Appearance: A tall and strong young man with a beautiful and youthful face, tanned skin, long golden hair, and shining eyes. He is literally bright, glowing with a golden aura. In a word, Apollo is splendid.
Sacred Days and Festivals: Pyanopsia (7 Pynopsion). Thargelia (Apollo and Artemis’ shared birthday, 6-7 Thargelion). Karneia (1 Boedromion). Boedromia (7 Boedromion). Delphinia (6 Mounuchion). Skira (5 Skirophorion). Pythian/Delphic Games (celebrating Apollo’s slaying of Python, held in August every four years, alternating with the Olympics). The seventh day of each month (his birthday).
Symbols/Attributes: Lyre, bow and arrows, tripod, laurel wreath.
Sacred Animals: Raven, swan, dolphin, wolf, mouse.
Sacred Plants: Laurel, larkspur, cypress, poplar, hyacinth, rush, anise, palm, sunflower, aloe, citrus.
Elemental Affinity: Light
Planet: Sun
Colors: Gold, yellow, orange, white.
Crystals: Sunstone, citrine, amber, carnelian, yellow topaz, yellow sapphire, clear quartz, tiger’s eye, calcite.
Incense: Frankincense and myrrh, cypress, clove, cinnamon, bay.
Tarot Cards: The Sun, The Star, Judgement, Knight of Wands.
Retinue: The Muses, Asklepios, Aristaios, Orpheus.
Associated People: Poets, musicians, oracles, doctors and medics of all kinds, architects, young men.
Offerings: Sun water, olive oil, milk, honey, gold, songs and poems, feathers, bay leaves, donations to disease research and hospitals.
Syncretized With: Helios, Belenus, Lugh, Maponos, Horus, Mithras.
Hymns to Apollo
Homeric Hymn 21 to Apollo
Phoebus, of you even the swan sings
With clear voice to the beating of his wings,
As he alights upon the bank by the eddying river Peneus;
And of you the sweet-tongued minstrel,
Holding his high-pitched lyre,
Always sings both first and last.
And so hail to you, lord!
I seek your favor with my song.
Homeric Hymn to the Muses and Apollo
I will begin with the Muses and Apollo and Zeus
For it is through the Muses and Apollo
That there are singers upon the earth
And players upon the lyre;
But kings are from Zeus.
Happy is he whom the Muses love:
Sweet flows speech from his lips.
Hail, children of Zeus!
Give honour to my song!
And now I will remember you in another song also.
Second Delphic Hymn to Apollo
Oh, come now, Muses,
And go to the craggy place
Upon the far-seen, twin-peaked Parnassus,
Celebrated and dear to us, Pierian maidens.
Repose on the snow-clad mountain top;
Celebrate the Pythian Lord
With the golden sword, Phoebus,
Whom Leto bore unassisted.
On the Delian rock surrounded by silvery olives,
The luxuriant plant
Which the Goddess Pallas
Long ago brought forth.
(Translation by Richard Hooker)
Orphic Hymn to Apollo
Blest Healer [Paean], come, propitious to my pray’r,
Illustrious pow’r, whom Memphian tribes revere,
Slayer of Tityus, and the god of health,
Lycorian Phoebus, fruitful source of wealth.
Spermatic, golden-lyr’d, the field from thee
Receives its constant, rich fertility.
Titanic, Grunian, Smynthian, thee I sing,
Python-destroying, hallow’d, Delphian king.
Wild, light-bearer, and the Muses’ head,
Noble and lovely, arm’d with arrows dread
Far-darting, Bacchian, holy and divine,
Pow’r far diffused, and course oblique is thine.
O, Delian King, whose light-producing eye
Views all within, and all beneath the sky:
Whose locks are gold, whose oracles are sure,
Who, omens good reveal’st, and precepts pure:
Hear me entreating for the human kind,
Hear, and be present with benignant mind;
For thous survey’st this boundless aether all,
And ev’ry part of this terrestrial ball
Abundant, blessed; and thy piercing sight,
Extends beneath the gloomy, silent night;
Beyond the darkness, starry-ey’d, profound,
The stable roots, deep fix’d by thee are found.
The world’s wide bounds, all-flourishing are thine,
Thyself all the source and end divine:
‘Tis thine all Nature’s music to inspire,
With various-sounding, harmonizing lyre;
Now the last string thou turn’st to sweet accord,
Divinely warbling now the highest chord;
The immortal golden lyre, now touched by thee,
Responsive yields a Dorian melody.
All Nature’s tribes to thee their diff’rence owe,
And changing seasons from thy music flow.
Hence, mix’d by thee in equal parts, advance
Summer and Winter in alternate dance;
This claims the highest, that the lowest string,
The Dorian measure tunes the lovely spring.
Hear me, blest pow’r, and in these rites rejoice,
And save thy mystics with a suppliant voice.
Callimachus’ Hymn to Apollo (first two stanzas)
How Apollo’s laurel sapling shakes!
How the whole temple shakes! Away, away with the wicked!
It must be Phoebus kicking at the door with his fair foot
Do you not see? The Delian palm nods gently,
All of a sudden; the swan sings beautifully in the air.
Bolts of the doors, thrust yourselves back.
Keys–open the doors! For the god is no longer far away.
So, young men, prepare yourselves for singing and dancing.
Apollo appears not to all, only to the good.
He who sees him is great; who does not is lowly.
We will see you, Worker from Afar, and we will never be lowly.
Let the cithara not be silent.
Nor your step noiseless with Apollo approaching, you children,
If you intend to complete the marriage vows and to cut your hair,
And if the wall is to stand on its aging foundations.
Well done the youths; the strings are no longer at rest.
(Translation from neosalexandria.org)
Hymn from PGM III 167-262
I sing of you, O blessed one, O healer,
Giver of oracles, / O all-wise one,
O Delian [lord and Python-]slaying [youth],
Dodona’s [king, fortell,] O Pythian Paian;
I call you, [god who rule the tuneful lyre],
Which you [alone] of gods [do hold and strike]
[With sturdy hands] … [lord of the silver bow].
[O well]-named Phoibos
Disclaimers: Descriptions of the gods’ appearances are purely a record of how I personally see them. Gods are shapeshifters that can appear however they wish, and will be perceived differently by different people. My own perceptions of them may or may not match ancient artwork.
Correspondences listed are mostly modern.
Festival dates are based on the Attic calendar.
Offerings listed are all specific to the deity in addition to standard ones.
Translations of hymns are from Theoi unless otherwise specified. PGM translations are from Hans Betz.
Sources:
THEOI GREEK MYTHOLOGY, neosalexandria, HellenicGods.org, κοράκι/crow’s grimoire
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Hellenic Gods Fact Sheets and Hymns: Zeus
Zeus
Other Names: Jupiter, Jove, Kronion
Epithets: Agathos Daimon (good spirit), Basileus (king), Anax (king), Kronion (son of Kronos), Epidotes (giver of good things), Hypatos (most high), Sthenios (the powerful), Alastor (avenger), Alexikakos (averter of evil), Apemios (averter of evil), Amboulios (counsellor), Eubouleus (of good counsel), Koryphaios (leader), Areios (of war), Stratios (of the armies), Klarios (distributes by lot), Kosmetes (orders the cosmos), Panoptis (all-seeing), Astrapaios (of lightning), Keraunios (of thunder), Kataibates (descending [lightning]), Ikmaios (of moisture), Ombrios (rain-giver), Hyetios (of the rain), Aphesios (releasing), Meilichios (the gracious), Lykaios (of the wolf), Maimaktes (the boisterous), Moiragetes (leader of fate), Nomos (of the law), Xenios (of strangers), Phyxius (of refuge/banishing), Olympios (the Olympian), Polieus (protector of the city-state), Morios (of olive trees), Panhellenios (of all Greeks), Skotitas (the dark), Teleios (of marriage), Soter (savior), Sthaenios (strong), Katharsios (purifying), Epoptes (overseer), Invictus (invincible), Pangratis (all-powerful).
Domains: Storms, the sky and atmosphere, political power, dominion, sovereignty, rulership and kingship, divine counsel, law and justice, cosmic order, fate and destiny, maintaining oaths and xenia, avenging the wronged.
Appearance: A powerful and well-built older man with tanned skin, long stormy-gray hair and beard, and piercing blue eyes. He wears a sky blue or dark blue cloth around his waist. His aura is stormy-blue.
Sacred Days and Festivals: The Olympic Games. Theogamia (27 Gamelion). Pandia (17 Elaphabolion). Demokratia (12 Boedromion). Olumpeia (19 Mounuchion). Bouphonia (14 Skirophorion. Diasa (23 Anthesterion).
Symbols/Attributes: Thunderbolt, throne, scepter, the Aegis.
Sacred Animals: Eagle, bull, swan, goat (to a lesser extent), cuckoo, wolf
Sacred Plants: Oak, olive
Elemental Affinity: Air
Planet: Jupiter
Colors: Blue, white, yellow, gold, purple.
Crystals: Diamond, clear quartz, smoky quartz, opal, lapis lazuli
Incense: Frankincense, sage, vervain.
Tarot Cards: The Emperor, The Wheel of Fortune, King of Swords
Retinue: Hermes, Nike, Kratos, Zelos, Bia, Themis, Iris, the Moirai, the Horae, Hestia, Ganymede, Hebe, Pegasus, Metis (technically?).
Associated People: Kings, lawmakers, strangers and immigrants.
Offerings: Animal fat and bones, whiskey, cinnamon, oak leaves, storm water, eagle figurines, donations to eagle conservation or climate change research.
Syncretized With: Ammon, Osiris (Sarapis), Taranis, Perun, Indra, Sabazius.
Hymns to Zeus
Homeric Hymn 23 to Zeus
I will sing of Zeus, chieftest among the gods
and greatest, all-seeing the lord of all,
the fulfiller who whispers words of wisdom
to Themis as she sits leaning towards him.
Be gracious, all-seeing Son of Kronos,
most excellent and great.
Orphic Hymn to Zeus
Of Zeus much-honor’d, Zeus supremely great,
To thee our holy rites we consecrate.
Our pray’rs and expiations, king divine,
For all things round thy head exalted shine.
The earth is thine, and mountains swelling high,
The sea profound, and all within the sky.
Kronion king, descending form above,
Magnanimous, commanding, sceptered Jove;
All-father, principle and end of all,
Whose pow’r almighty shakes this earthly ball;
Even Nature trembles at thy mighty nod,
Loud-sounding, arm’d with light’ning, thund’ring God.
Source of abundance, purifying king,
O various-form’d from whom all natures spring;
Propitious hear my pray’r, give blameless health,
With peace divine, and necessary wealth.
Orphic Hymn to Zeus Astrapaios
I call the mighty, holy, splendid light,
Aerial, dreadful-sounding, firey bright,
Flaming, aerial-light, with angry voice,
Lightning thro’ the lucid clouds with horrid noise.
Untam’d, to whom resentments dire belong,
Pure, holy pow’r, all-father, great and strong,
Come, and benevolent these rites attend,
And grant my days a peaceful, blessed end.
Orphic Hymn to Zeus Keraunos
O Father Zeus, who shak’st with firey light
The world, deep-sounding from thy lofty height:
From thee, proceeds th’ ethereal lightning’s blaze
Flashing around intolerable rays.
Thy sacred thunders shake the best abodes,
The shining regions of th’ immortal gods:
They pow’r divine, the flaming lightning shrouds,
With dark investiture, in fluid clouds.
‘Tis thine to brandish thunders strong and dire,
To scatter storms, and dreadful darts of fire;
With roaring flames involving all around,
And bolts of thunder of tremendous sound.
Thy rapid dart can raise the hair upright,
And shake the heart of man with wild affright.
Sudden, unconquer’d, holy, thund’ring God,
With noise unbounded, flying all abroad;
With all-devouring force, entire and strong,
Horrid, untam’d, thou roll’st the flames along.
Rapid, ethereal bolt, descending fire,
The earth all-parent, trembles at thy ire;
The sea all-shining; and each beast that hears
The sound terrific, with dread horror fears:
When Nature’s face is bright with flashing fire,
And in the heavens resound thy thunders dire.
Thy thunders white, the azure garments tear,
And burst the veil of all surrounding air.
O Zeus, all-blessed, may thy wrath severe,
Hurl’d in the bosom of the deep appear,
And on the tops of mountains be reveal’d,
For thy strong arm is not from us conceal’d.
Propitious to these sacred rites incline,
And crown my wishes with a life divine:
Add royal health, and gentle peace beside,
With equal reason, for my constant guide.
Disclaimers: Descriptions of the gods’ appearances are purely a record of how I personally see them. Gods are shapeshifters that can appear however they wish, and will be perceived differently by different people. My own perceptions of them may or may not match ancient artwork.
Correspondences listed are mostly modern.
Festival dates are based on the Attic calendar.
Offerings listed are all specific to the deity in addition to standard ones.
Translations of hymns are from Theoi unless otherwise specified.
Sources:
THEOI GREEK MYTHOLOGY, neosalexandria, HellenicGods.org, κοράκι/crow’s grimoire
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