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gempassionatearchived · 4 years

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MUSE SURVEY: BATTLE EDITION.

repost, do not reblog ! ( source ) bold what consistently applies. italicize situational, not always.

DOES YOUR MUSE, WHILE FIGHTING …

fight honorably / fight dirty / prefer close-quarters / prefer range / chat during / go silent / low pain tolerance / high pain tolerance / attack in bursts / attack steadily / go for the kill / aim to disarm / fight defensively ( to protect themselves or others ) / strike first / provoke easily / provoke their opponent / tease / get visibly frustrated / shout while attacking / use strategy / focus on their battle / experience conflicting thoughts during battle / rush in recklessly / try to read their opponent before fighting / fight wildly / fight calmly / fight with anger / fight with excitement / fight because they have to / fight because they want to / fight without regard to wounds / run away when wounded / hide wounds / take a blow to protect another / prefer a blade / prefer a gun / prefer a bow / prefer a shield / prefer a spear / prefer a personalized weapon / prefer magic or spells / prefer brawling / their greatest weakness is physical / their greatest weakness is mental / their greatest weakness is emotional / transform for battle / fight as they appear / rely on strength / rely on speed / use everything they have / hide their full potential / exhaust quickly / high stamina / doubt their strength / proceed with caution / behave arrogantly / brag after landing a hit / belittle their abilities / use psychological tactics / use brute strength / avoid civilians / strike down civilians / damage surroundings / avoid damaging surroundings / signature fighting style / making it up as they go / mastered skillset / learning their skillset / fancy footwork / sloppy footwork / messy fighter / elegant fighter / accept defeat / refuse defeat / beg for mercy / compliment their opponent / insult their opponent / use unnecessary movements ( flips, twirls ) / move efficiently / barely move / prefer to dodge / prefer to block / defend their blindside / neglect their blindside / use all available advantages ( ex; use a gun but also throw punches, kick out while blades clash, etc. ) / strictly use one main method / play around / hold back / fight ruthlessly / show mercy / wait for opponent to be ready / strike when opponent isn’t ready / fear death / fear pain / fear killing / has PTSD / avoid fighting / has lost a fight / has won a fight / has killed / refused to kill / want to die standing / would succumb slowly

TAGGED BY: @pearlegade thanks, sab <3

TAGGING: @playfuljester / @briilliance / @showstar / @garden-uprooted / @spiraledheart / @petalsxfallen / & @roseleft

#➤ h e a d c a n o n s ┊ ❛ i fear i will be ripped open and found unsightly ❜#➤ d a s h g a m e s ┊ ❛ flamingos and mustard both bite ❜

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inkeds · 3 years

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TAG DROP MUN THINGS

#➤ o o c ┊ ❛ it is in your self-interest to find a way to be very tender ❜#➤ m u n s p e a k ┊ ❛ is that just the wind or some furious vexation? ❜#➤ t h r e a d ┊ ❛ where must we go in search of our better selves? ❜#➤ h e a d c a n o n s ┊ ❛ i fear i will be ripped open and found unsightly ❜#➤ t e x t s ┊ ❛ diachronic linguistics and phonotactic paradigms ❜#➤ m e m e s ┊ ❛ adventuring enormous nowhere from ❜#➤ a n s w e r e d m e m e s ┊ ❛ everything you touch turns to gold gold gold ❜#➤ d a s h g a m e s ┊ ❛ flamingoes and mustard both bite ❜

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spiderling-space · 3 years

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mc owning either a pet goose or swan as chaotic as the goose in untitled goose game. waking every morning to see your pet water fowl terrorizing overblot students or staff, there is no in between. even dorm leaders can't handle a bird just randomly chasing them, they live in fear with crowley because of a seemingly harmless avian causing terror amongst the student body, and the bird is really good at dodging attacks magical or not. only the mc is safe from the chaos, oblivious and non the wiser.

Goose it is!

🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀

Riddle Rosehearts

Riddle is used to dealing with animals since hedgehogs and flamingos are a part of Heartslabyul. He thought he would handle a simple bird.

He can’t obviously.

Riddle would have used Off With Your Head if (Y/N)’s goose was of magic but it’s not and Riddle is about to tear his hair out of anger. Cater and Trey try to calm him down but it isn’t working.

🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁

Leona Kingscholar

Leona wouldn't bother dealing with footwork. He would tell Ruggie to deal with the goose.

When Ruggie fails, Leona takes one look at the goose and thinks how Ruggie could fail at catching the bird. Tsk, how embarrassing for a hyena to not catch a bird.

Next time the goose gets on his nerves, Leona tries to take it down with his magic at first. When it fails, he uses his predator skills to catch it. He doesn't care if it is (Y/N)'s goose or not, the bird is going down.

🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙🐙

Azul Ashengrotto

Triton, help him or Azul is about to lose it. He can speak animal languages easily and he even asked what (Y/N)'s goose actually wants. The goose told him to screw himself.

That is when the goose got into his blacklist. He would be fine with it if it stayed away from Mostro Lounge but it came to wreak havoc on Mostro Lounge. That is it! They are going to serve a goose today.

Azul asks Jade and Floyd to deal with it. A decision that he regrets dearly since the twins enjoy the chaos it causes. Floyd even participates in whatever the goose is doing.

☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️

Kalim Al-Asim

Kalim views (Y/N)'s goose as entertainment. He invites (Y/N) over and asks if they can bring their goose too.

(Y/N) and everyone are surprised when Kalim manages to make the goose sit and is fed by him. "For some reason, I always get along with birds."

When Kalim leaves, the goose goes back to its ways. Jamil tries to use his unique magic on it but chaos ensues. When Kalim comes back, the goose just becomes obedient and friendly as it rushes to his side.

👑👑👑👑👑👑👑👑👑👑👑👑

Vil Schönheit

Vil is used to dealing with peacocks and he can tame any unhinged being so he didn't consider the goose an actual threat.

He sends Rook after it if it disturbs Pomefiore students or movie appreciation club.

Vil would go after the goose himself if it annoys Vil directly. He gets angry when he fails but he is going to put all of his efforts to get rid of the goose.

💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀

Idia Shroud

Idia gets out of his room when he has to go out and a goose harassing him while he is out isn't something he likes. He used to just look out for people and now he has to deal with the unhinged animal.

He is going to check out all CCTV cameras and learn about the goose as much as he can. After getting data about it, he is going to find out the algorithm of it, where it goes and when it goes.

After analyzing what and when the goose acts up, he is going to move around accordingly. Idia is an expert gamer, he is used to this, he will win against the enemy in real life too.

🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉🐉

Malleus Draconia

Malleus is amused by the hectics of (Y/N)'s animal companion. He is used to people and some animals fearing him. He is entertained that a simple goose doesn't back away from him. He doesn't do anything to hold it back. His magic is too strong and he doesn't want to hurt (Y/N)'s pet.

Malleus enjoys the troubles it causes to other students and staff. It is one of his favorite pastimes.

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theres-whump-in-that-nebula · 2 years

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A Generator!! Again!

🙃🙂🙃🙂

First letter of your name:

In your story, there is a/an…

A: Body of water

B: Movie theater

C: Barn

D: Bright light

E: Ceramic mask

F: Trench coat

G: Sticky note

H: Apple tree

I: Rusty old helicopter

J: Red wig

K: Bottle of oil

L: Fishing net

M: Exotic plant

N: Annotated book

O: Bag of potato chips

P: Swivel chair

Q: Flamingo

R: Dark corner of the house

S: Ornately-carved gourd

T: Idol to an ancient god

U: Pencil sharpener

V: Dance

W: Trombone

X: Pair of glasses

Y: River

Z: Ribbon microphone

Pick a number from 1 to 30:

This thing is — in part, or in full — the cause of…

1. A divorce

2. An invasion (alien or otherwise)

3. An investigation into criminal activity

4. Your character making a friend

5. Sleep issues

6. The formation of a cult

7. Someone getting blackmailed

8. A forest fire

9. Someone of high status getting punched in the nose

10. Someone losing a bet

11. Bad feelings between two characters

12. Your character getting banned from Walmart

13. Multiple disappearances

14. Someone hiding away for years

15. Chaos at a family reunion

16. A wardrobe malfunction

17. Love at first sight

18. Something coming back to life

19. The creation of a weapon

20. Someone’s life being saved

21. Someone scaring your character

22. A portal being opened

23. A glass vase breaking

24. A meal burning

25. Someone falling flat on their face

26. A plane crash

27. Victory over unfortunate circumstances

28. Someone reading a book

29. A time loop

30. Someone moving away

Have fun with this one lol… I have no idea what I’m doing

#writing prompts #prompt generator #not necessarily whump #writing inspiration

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lovemesomesurveys · 3 years

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NAME SOMETHING BEGINNING WITH THE LETTER PROVIDED FOR EACH CATEGORY: LETTER B A Beverage Beer. A Mammal Bear. Something You Drive Boat. A City Boise. Free Activity Board games (after the initial buy of course) Someplace you would spend money Bowling alley. A Cartoon Character Blue from Blue’s Clues. A Sea Creature Blue whales. A Comedy Movie Bridesmaids. A Children's Book The Berenstain Bears books. A Dessert Banana bread. A Boy's Name Brian. A Girl's Name Brianna.

LETTER M An Old Fashioned Boy's Name Michael. Items That are Frozen Milkshakes. Television Show From the 2000's Mad TV. A River Maple River. A Vegetable Mushrooms. A Fruit Melons. Things That are Yellow Mangoes. Trees Maple trees. Marching Band Instrument Mellophone. College Subject Math. Dish Made From Pasta Macaroni and cheese. Book about Animals Mammals by Edwin Gould. An Insect Monarch butterfly. LETTER C Type of Sport Croquet. A Poem Title Child Whispers by Enid Blyton. Part of the Human Body Chin. An old Fashioned Girl's Name Carol. An Ethnic Dish Curry. Type of Transportation Car. A School Supply Colored pencils. An Item found in a Library Computers. A Type of Bird Cardinal. A Type Of Flower Carnations. Types of Shoes Crocs. A Halloween Costume Clown. LETTER T Flavour Of Ice Cream Triple chocolate. An Actor Toby Maguire. An Actress Tina Fey. A Television Series That’s So Raven. Types of Balls Tennis balls. An Animal in a Zoo Tiger.

Things found in a park Trees. Types of Cats Tabby. A gemstone/crystal Topaz. A reason a child may be grounded Talking back. A colour Turquoise. Something found in a work office Table. LETTER E Book Author Elle Gray.

Country England.

Something that is round Earth. Types of Clothing Earmuffs? Games played at school recess/lunch Eenie meenie miney mo? lol not a game, but I literally can’t think of anything that stars with an E. A Mammal Elephants. Types of Relatives Extended. A Holiday Destination Europe. Something found in a Forest Evergreen trees. A Colour Eggplant purple. LETTER P Sports Star Peyton Manning. Restaurant Pizza Hut. A Villian Poison Ivy. A Superhero Peter Quill aka Star Lord. A Toy Polly Pockets. A Weapon Pistol. Something that is Square Picture frame. Something used by a bodybuilder Protein powder. Something you would find in a bathroom Paper towels. Something found in a backyard Playground (like a swing set). A Dessert Pie. Type of Exercise Push-ups. Something found in space Planets. LETTER S Something at a picnic Sandwiches. An Athlete Serena Williams. A Body part Stomach. Someplace you want to visit Sweden. An Occupation Secretary. Name Brand Swiss Miss. Something associated with Christmas Santa. Something at a Theme Park The swings ride. A Frozen Food Sorbet. Something you would keep refrigerated Soda. Something Green Spinach. A random word Spaz. LETTER A A State Alabama. A Tool Axe. Something found in a cafeteria Avocados? lol I got nothin’. Something found on a farm Animals. ha. A fear Agoraphobia. Something Sweet Apple fritter. A Dental Procedure A root canal. A Perfume Amor Amor. A Type of Candy Almond Joy. A Type of Chocolate Andies mint chocolate. An Accessory Ankle bracelet. Things Used by the Handicapped Assistive devices. Sounds an animal makes Alerting sounds. LETTER F Something Hot Fire. Something Cold Frozen drinks. A Breakfast Food Fried eggs. A Graduation Gift Funds. A Type of Drink Frappe. Something found in or by the ocean Fish. A Hobby Fishing. A Child Actor/Actress Elle Fanning. A Health Issue/Complication Fibromyalgia.

A Type of Cheese Feta. A Type of Transportation Ferry. A reason to be late Feeling unwell. A profession Firefighter. LETTER G Something that is cold Gelato. A Topping for Pizza Garlic. A College George Washington University. Something with Spots Goals. An Item found in a dresser drawer Gloves. A Way To Relax Gel eye masks. Something found in the Sky Giant clouds. Type of Bread Garlic bread. Something Australian A popular ice cream, Golden Gaytime. A Food: Fried chicken. Something Pink Flamingos. LETTER W Fictional Character Walter White. An Item on a Lunch menu Wheat bread. A Magazine Woman’s Day. A Book Wicked. Something with a Tail Wolf. A Crime I’m blanking. Vanilla Item Vanilla wafers. A Type of Popcorn White cheddar. A Large Ticket Item (Something expensive) Weight machines. An Item you'd find in your grandmas kitchen Whitman’s chocolate. A Dog Toy Kong Wobbler. An Item found in a backyard Water hose. LETTER H Something Sticky Honey. An Award Honor roll. Type of Vehicle Honda. A Herb Horseradish. A Utensil for Cooking Herb chopper. Cosmetics Huda Beauty. A Bad Habit Habitual nail biting. A Reptile Hairy Frog. A Scandal Home wrecker. Monthly Expense Household bills. A Leisure Activity Hobbies. Something found on a Construction Site Hardhat. LETTER D A Pet Name Dino. A Toy Dolls. Something you can buy used Dresser. A Game Dungeons and Dragons. A Clothing Company Dickies. On Your Feet Doc Martens. A Candy Dove chocolate. Something you Love Desserts. Someone Famous Dakota Fanning. A Bird Dove. Something you'd pack in a suitcase Deodorant. An Animal Dog. A Website Doordash.com A Cereal I saw that Dunkaroos is a cereal now. LETTER N A Name Nicole. A Food Snack Nachos. An Animal Newt. Something Red Nesquik’s strawberry syrup. Something Blue Navy uniform. Something you can see close by Nice painting by my uncle. An Occupation Nurse. A Movie Napoleon Dynamite. A reason to be late Nauseous. Something you can cook French fries (in the oven). Something you can bake Funfetti cupcakes. LETTER R A piece of stationary Ruler. A place you can visit Rome. Something you'd find in Disneyland Railroad. Something you could use at a BBQ Relish. A Name Rebecca. Something Black Black roses. A type of Car Rolls-Royce. Something in the office Rolling chair. Something Green Radish. LETTER O An Animal Orangutan. A Sea Creature Octopus. Something you would find at an arcade Uhh. A Name Olivia. An Australian Animal Olive Ridley turtle. Something in Nature Ocean. Wildlife Ostrich. A Soda Orange soda. A Colour Orange. A Movie Oliver and Company. A Television Series Once Upon a Time. A Bird Owl. A Medical Procedure Obstetric ultrasonography. Something from History Operation Overlord. Something you would Paint Original piece. A Country Oman. Something Sweet Orange popsicle.

#personal #text #survey #surveys #categories #name something that....

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a-dinosaur-a-day · 5 years

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Foro panarium

By Ripley Cook

Etymology: Breadbasket’s Hole

First Described By: Olson, 1992

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoromorpha, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostaylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Neognathae, Neoaves, Columbaves, Otidimorphae, Musophagiformes

Status: Extinct

Time and Place: Between 53.5 and 48.5 million years ago, in the Ypresian of the Eocene

Foro is known from the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation of Wyoming

Physical Description: Foro had a downward sloping, distinctive skull, with a slight point to the tip at the end of the beak, hanging off of a long neck. It had a large, rounded head, a fairly stout body, and long spindly legs. Its wings were decently sized too, making this in general a very lanky sort of bird. However, these wings were probably weak, and in addition to the stocky body it wouldn’t have been the world’s greatest flier. As for its general size, it was probably about the size of a modern roadrunner, reaching between 22 and 24 centimeters in length; it was probably similar in many ways to living roadrunners, while simultaneously being like a bustard, a hoatzin, and a relative of the modern day turacos. Evolution is wild, man.

Diet: Given it had the general head-shape of a Hoatzin, it seems at least somewhat likely that Foro was herbivorous, though this was of course evolved convergently to the Hoatzin (as Foro was probably a stem-turaco). This is further corroborated by the fact that turacos are also mostly herbivorous.

Behavior: Foro was a ground-dwelling bird, rather than tree-dwelling like modern turacos; it would use its long legs to wander about its lake environment, searching for food to eat and moving through more difficult ground material such as mud and dirt. In this way it was much more like a living bustard than a living turaco, indicating the bustard way of life was actually the ancestral case for cuckoos and turacos before they adapted for their unique arboreal roles. As a weird cross between a bustard and a wading bird, it would have spent a good amount of time moving about the ground, grabbing food from the mud and in the low-lying plants, and running away rapidly at the first sign of danger. It was still able to fly, and would use that when the danger was way too close. As a bird, it would have been an active animal; it is especially uncertain whether or not it was particularly social, but it probably took care of its young.

By Scott Reid

Ecosystem: The Green River Formation is a famous environment from the early Eocene of North America, showcasing the burst of creatures after the end-Cretaceous extinction that came forward as the global rainforest reached its peak, and serving as a host of creatures that were precursors to modern forms. This was a fossil lake system scattered across the jungle in loosely dense vegetation, including sycamore trees and ferns, palms, and many other kinds of plants. As the Rocky Mountains formed nearby, nutrients would randomly spike in the lake, dumping phosphorus and suffocating the fish inside. This lead to unique preservation and an amazing number of fossils from Green River. Here there were a variety of rays, catfish, herrings, and countless other fish; crocodilians like Borealosuchus; early primates, bats, and an armadillo-esque mammal. Birds were also extremely common: there was the gull-like frigatebird Limnofregata, the Lithornithids Pseudocrypturus and Calciavis, the flamingo-duck Presbyornis, the pre-pheasant Gallinuloides, the early swift-hummingbird Eocypselus, the frogmouth-esque Fluvioviridavis and Prefica, the mousebird Anneavis, the woodpecker Neanis, the Parrots of Prey Cyrilavis and Tynskya, and the parrot-footed passerines Zygodactylus and Eozygodactylus. In this way, Foro was a notable and usual member of the ecosystem, showcasing the weird mode of evolution of the modern Turaco group.

Other: Foro has been the subject of a fascinating research history, with it originally being called its own thing in the Cuckoos, and then thought to be a Hoatzin for a while, and then finally assigned as a stem-turaco. This is of utter importance because it showcases how neotropical birds like the turacos (which, today, are limited to Africa) were once widespread - this also applies to many other groups of birds, and this collapse of tropical birds in North America and Europe is an object of intense study. As the Global rainforest collapsed, the evolutionary trajectory of modern birds changed dramatically, and Foro was a part of that. On the other hand, Foro and other birds known from the Paleocene and Eocene epochs showcase how dinosaurs managed to bounce back from the extinction; birds were more ground-dwelling than tree-dwelling at first, given the lack of trees in impact winter; Foro was a ground-dwelling bird, but one on the path to tree-life, much like many other dinosaurs in this early part of the new era.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources under the Cut

Felice, R. N. 2014. Coevolution of caudal skeleton and tail feathers in birds. Journal of Morphology 275 (12): 1-10.

Field, D. J., A. Bercovici, J. S. Berv, R. Dunn, D. E. Fastovsky, T. R. Lyson, V. Vajda, J. A. Gauthier. 2018. Early Evolution of Modern Birds Structured by Global Forest Collapse at the End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction. Current Biology 28: 1825 - 1831.

Field, D. J., A. Y. Hsiang. 2018. A North American stem turaco, and the complex biogeographic history of modern birds. BMC Evolutionary BIology 18: 102.

Grande, L., P. Bucheim. 1994. Palaeontological and Sedimentological Variation in Early Eocene Fossil Lake. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 30: 45.

Hutchison, J. H. 2013. New turtles from the Paleogene of North America. In D. B. Brinkman, P. A. Holroyd, J. D. Gardner (eds.), Morphology and Evolution of Turtles 477-497.

Mayr, G. 2009. Paleogene Fossil Birds. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Mayr, G. 2017. Avian Evolution: The Fossil Record of Birds and its Paleobiological Significance. Topics in Paleobiology, Wiley Blackwell. West Sussex.

Miller, A. H. 1953. A fossilized hoatzin from the Miocene of columbia. Auk 70: 484 - 489.

Olson, S. L. 1977. A Lower Eocene frigatebird from the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 35:1-33.

Olson, S. L. 1992. A new family of primitive landbirds from the Lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. Papers in avian paleontology honoring Pierce Brodkorb: 127 - 136.

Olson, S. L., H. Matsuoka. 2005. New specimens of the early Eocene frigatebird Limnofregata (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1046: 1 - 15.

Smith, M. E., B. Singer, A. Carroll. 2003. 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 (5): 549 - 565. Stidham, T. A. 2014. A new species of Limnofregata (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae) from the Early Eocene Wasatch Formation of Wyoming: implications for palaeoecology and palaeobiology. Palaeontology: 1 - 11.

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drarryspecificrecs · 6 years

Photo

H/D Birthday Bash 2010 : (fics only)

hd-birthdaybash || official masterpost || ∑= 28 fics + 11 arts The Mod(s) : chantefable & @vaysh11 + Banner © : pink_mint

20 Random Facts About the Things in Draco's Bag (or, 20 Randomly Precious Things) by snegurochka_lee [M, 1k] *not on AO3

Bag of Tricks by @multiplefangasms [T, 1k] *not on AO3

Bed, Knobs, and Broomsticks by @stripedsilverfeline [M, 12k]

Black Hole Circuit by mijeli [E, 25k] *not on AO3

Flamingo Invasion by geinahop [G, 1k] *not on AO3

The Gift, or What Tuesdays Bring by @stripedsilverfeline [T, 3k]

Gifting Harry by @stripedsilverfeline [M, 10k]

Hot by charmed310 [E, 1k]

I Know Who I Want to Take Me Home by @emansil [T, 2k]

The Last of the List by leo_draconis [E, 8k] *not on AO3

Money Can't Buy You Love, But a Firebolt Sure Gets Close by @khasael [E, 12k] *not on AO3

A Most Complex and Unusual Birthday by @rcxeira [E, 1k]

O for the wings of a dove by wemyss [T, 800] *not on AO3

Of Love and Perfection by @catzintheattic [T, 300]

Pass the Ogden's by romaine24 [G, 600] *not on AO3

The Perfect Life by bgd_thrifty [M, 7k]

The sack they had of Æolus, wherein the winds were kept by wemyss [T, 1k] *not on AO3

Seen It All Before by @emansil [M, 3k]

A Spoonful of Sugar by okydoky [E, 3k]

Standing In The Way of Love by scarletladyy [G, 2k]

Sunrise at Dusk by thepretender501 [M, 2k] *not on AO3

Terms of Bereavement by mijeli [T, 2k]

Unfading by musamihi [G, 1k] *not on AO3

A Younger Year by mabonwitch [E, 29k in 3 parts?] *not on AO3

---

✔ other lists

#drarry #drarry fanfic #drarry fic rec #harry potter #draco malfoy #masterlist #2010

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rentalgoose · 5 years

Note

Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette for the playlist ask game?

Oh good, I can list a lot of songs. Perfect.

M - “Mama Who Bore Me” from Spring Awakening

A - “Age Of Consent” by New Order

R - “Rhiannon” by Fleetwood Mac

I - “I Bet On Losing Dogs” by Mitski

E - “Electric Love” by BØRNS

J - “Just Stay” by The Front Bottoms

O - “Of Once and Future Kings” by Pavlov’s Dog

S - “Superboy and the Invisible Girl” from Next To Normal

E - “Everybody Wants To Rule the World” by Tears for Fears

P - “Primadonna” by MARINA

H - “Homewrecker” by MARINA

P - “Peach” by The Front Bottoms

A - “Awake My Soul” by Mumford & Sons

U - “Using” by Sorority Noise

L - “Lavender Blood” by Fox Academy

Y - “Yellow” by Coldplay

V - “Video Games” by Lana del Rey

E - “Everything I Own” by The Front Bottoms

S - “SLOW DANCING IN THE DARK” by Joji

R - “Raincoat Of Love” from Fun Home

O - “Ophelia” by The Lumineers

C - “Come On Eileen” by Dexys Midnight Runners

H - “High Tops” by Del Water Gap

G - “Girl Crush” by Harry Styles

I - “I Only Have Eyes For You” by The Flamingos

L - “Love Of My Life” by Queen

B - “Boyish” by Japanese Breakfast

E - “El Dorado” by Death Cab for Cutie

R - “reverie” by isaac gracie

T - “Tite” by The Polarity

D - “Doin’ Time” by Sublime

U - “U.S. Gay” by Sons of an Illustrious Father

M - “MakeDamnSure” by Taking Back Sunday

O - “Otherside” by The Red Hot Chili Peppers

T - “Twin Size Mattress” by The Front Bottoms

I - “I Melt With You” by Modern English

E - “Extraordinary Rendition” by Sons of an Illustrious Father

R - “Red Eye” by Vance Joy

D - “Dreams” by The Cranberries

E - “Elastic Heart” by Sia

L - “Lovely Day” by alt-J

A - “And Eve Was Weak” from Carrie: The Musical

F - “Fool” by Frankie Cosmos

A - “All That’s Known” from Spring Awakening

Y - “Your Best American Girl” by Mitski

E - “Edge Of Seventeen” by Stevie Nicks

T - “Television / So Far So Good” by Rex Orange County

T - “The Richest Kids” by This Is Ivy League

E - “Euro” by Ryan Beatty

This deadass took me thirty minutes

#astronomer-gay #ask #long post

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writinggeisha · 5 years

Link

Your first mental image when thinking about lips or mouths might be a passionate kiss. Percy Bysshe Shelley said “Soul meets soul on lovers’ lips.” However, lips and mouths are more than kissing (or eating) machines. This post provides hundreds of ways to describe them in creative writing and poetry.

Emotion Beats

The way people move their lips and mouths reflects overt or hidden emotions.

Pouting might indicate agitation, aggravation, confusion, contemplation, disapproval, disbelief, dislike, exasperation, flirtatiousness, impatience, irritability, nervousness, pessimism, resentment, sadness, skepticism, suspicion, wariness, worry, et al.

In fact, pouting can imply so many emotions that it’s probably best to consider alternative body language.

A few more emotions mirrored by lips and mouths include:

Adulation, arousal, flirtatiousness Parted lips Running tongue over the lips

Anticipation of a delicious snack or entrée Smacking the lips Watering/salivating mouth

Determination Pressing lips into a thin line

Dislike Pressing lips into a thin line

Fear Bad taste in the mouth Chewing on lips Clenched mouth Dry mouth Gaping mouth Gulping huge mouthfuls of air Licking the lips Trembling lips

Impatience Pinched lips

Repressed hatred Pressing lips into a thin line

Shyness Pinched lips

Skepticism Biting the lips

Stubbornness Tight lips or mouth

Uncertainty Forceful exhalation through pursed lips

Adjectives (1)

Adjectives such as haughty save words by telling about a character’s motives or personality. Use sparingly. They function well in flash fiction or third-person omniscient point of view, and when you want to speed the pace.

Several adjectives, when describing lips, may suggest something different when describing mouths.

Provocative lips might indicate a seductive tone, but a provocative mouth might be aggravating.

Demanding lips evoke a sexual image, whereas a demanding mouth implies an overbearing character.

Generous lips might be large, or they might be yielding and responsive. Provide context if necessary.

Rather than modify lips or mouth, a number of the following words could refer to faces, expressions, or motivations.

Many skin attributes also perform well as lips and mouth descriptors.

A Active, adulterous, adventurous, affectionate, aflame, aggressive, alluring, amorous, amorphous, ample, appealing, ardent, audacious, avid, awkward

B Barbarous, belligerent, bewitching, bitchy, bitter, bloody, bone-dry, bony, Botoxed, boyish, brash, brutal, busy

C Cadaverous, callous, capable, capacious, careworn, carnivorous, caustic, cautious, cavernous, chaste, cheerful, cheery, childlike, clumsy, coarse, coherent, cold, complacent, conspicuous, contemptuous, corrugated, critical, crooked, cruel, crumpled, cynical

D Dainty, dead, delectable, delicate, delicious, demanding, demure, desirous, desiccated, determined, devilish, disdainful, dispirited, disrespectful, dissatisfied, doll-like, dour, downcast, droll, dry

E Eager, effeminate, elastic, electric, eloquent, energetic, enigmatic, enthusiastic, evil, expectant, experienced, expressionless, expressive, exquisite

F Fascinating, fevered, feverish, fine, firm, flaccid, flat, flawless, fleshy, flexible, flirtatious, foolish, forceful, formless, foul, fragile, fragrant, frigid, frothy, full, furrowed, furtive

G Generous, gentle, girlie, girlish, glassy, glib, glossy, gnomish, goofy, grave, greasy, greedy, grim, grotesque

H Hard, haughty, heartless, heavy, helpless, heretical, hesitant, honeyed, hungry

I Icy, impassioned, impassive, impatient, imperious, impertinent, impetuous, implacable, impudent, incoherent, inflamed, inflexible, innocent, insatiable, inscrutable, insubstantial, intractable, inviolate, irreverent

J Juicy

K Kissable

L Lax, leathery, lecherous, lewd, libelous, libidinous, licentious, lifeless, loathsome, loose, lopsided, lovable, luscious, lush, lustful

M Malicious, manly, masculine, masterful, meager, meaty, merciless, merry, mischievous, misshapen, moist, motionless, mute, mutinous

N Narrow, nasty, naughty, nervous, numb

O Obstinate, oily, oversized

P Passionate, pathetic, pebbly, perfect, perfumed, petulant, pinched, piquant, playful, pliable, pliant, plump, practiced, prim, prodigious, profane, proficient, prominent, proud, provocative, puffy, pugnacious

Q Querulous

R Randy, rapacious, ravenous, raw, relentless, reluctant, repulsive, resolute, responsive, restless, reticent, reverent, rigid, ripe, rough, rubbery, ruthless

S Sacrilegious, sad, sarcastic, sardonic, sassy, satirical, saucy, savage, scabrous, scaly, scornful, scurrilous, seductive, sensitive, sensuous, serious, sexy, shapeless, shrunken, silent, silky, sinful, skillful, slack, slick, slippery, sloppy, smooth, soft, sore, sour, spicy, stained, starving, stern, sticky, stiff, stony, strong, stubborn, submissive, succulent, sulky, sullen, sultry, sunken, sweet, swollen

T Talented, tense, tentative, thick, thin, thirsty, tight, timid, toothless, tough, traitorous, tremulous, truculent

U Uncertain, uncooperative, unrelenting, unresponsive, unsatisfied, unsmiling, unwilling, unyielding, upturned

V Vacuous, virgin, voluble, voluptuous, voracious, vulgar

W Wanton, warm, waspish, waxen, well-cut, wet, wide, willing, winsome, wistful, withered, witty, wormy, worshipful, wrinkled, wry

Y Yielding, youthful

Adjectives (2): Upper Lip

Although some of these adjectives might suit lips or mouth, they excel for describing the upper lip:

A to Z Bifurcated, bushy, clean-shaven, furry, hairless, hairy, long, mustachioed, naked, perspiring, short, stubbly, sweaty, whiskered

Adjectives (3): Lower Lip

Likewise for the lower lip:

A to Z Droopy, exaggerated, floppy, generous, missing, non-existent, pendulous, sagging, soul-patched, split, square-cut

Adjectives (Misc.)

Besides describing lips and mouths, writers can:

Describe the teeth, or mention missing teeth

Describe a person’s smile.

Similes and Metaphors

When creating comparisons, familiar animals are a good place to start. Readers know what they look like and will conjure an immediate image of the lips so compared.

Some of the following act as adjectives, while others function best in as or like similes. For example:

Fred had horse lips.

Fred had lips that looked like they belonged on a horse.

A to Z Angel fish, apish, baboon, baboon’s butt, bestial, bovine, camel, Cheshire cat, chimpanzee, chipmunk, dead fish, duck, frog, giraffe, goldfish, horse, largemouth bass, leeches, lizard, porcupine’s back, raw oysters, reptilian, serpentine, simian, squirrel, toad, twin slugs, zebra

Other comparisons could include:

A to Z Ancient prunes, angel’s cheek, blow-up doll’s maw, bread dough, cherries, embers, glue, lily petals, overstuffed sausages, pincushion, pinecone, plum, pomegranate blossoms, raspberries, raw liver, rose petals, rosebuds, rubies, sandpaper, satin, suction cups, twin cacti, velvet, vise grips

And here are a few more thought starters:

Awkward as a newborn trying to find his mama’s nipple

Bigger than his ego

Deader than a slab of cement

Dry as the Sahara

Foul as an overflowing cesspit

Fragile as butterfly wings

Large as Texas

Like a cow chewing its cud

Moist like morning dew

More brutal than a pounding sledgehammer

Smelly as an old sock

Colors

Foods excel as color substitutes. Words such as cherry, bubble-gum, and tangerine capture color, scent, and taste.

In a modern novel, lipstick and stage makeup allow lips to be almost any color. Not so much in a Victorian-era piece.

A to F Anemone-pink, ashen, bloodless, bubble-gum, burgundy, carnelian, cherry, colorless, coral, coralline-red, cotton-candy, crimson, flamingo, florid, freckled

G to Z Golden, grey/gray, licorice-twist, pale, pallid, pasty, peach, pink, purple, red, rosy, ruddy, seashell-pink, sunburnt, sunset-scarlet, swarthy, tangerine, vermillion, wan, wine-red

See also 1000+ Ways to Describe Colors.

Shapes

Many of the following words function well in similes or can be converted to adjectives by adding suffixes such as –like, -ish, or –esque.

A to Z Apical, asymmetrical, bleeding heart, blimp, bow, cherry pie, cinnamon roll, cinnamon-heart, doughnut, fishy, goldfish, heart, inner tube, O-ring, peaked, petal (name specific flower), shapeless, shapely, sharp, stop sign, unsymmetrical, toilet boil, urinal, watermelon, wedding ring, yield sign

Verbs

Some verbs relay feelings or senses of the POV character, while others are appropriate for secondary players.

Consider antonyms. Rather than belittle, a mother’s lips might praise her child. Instead of relaxing his lips, an uptight worrywart might tense them.

You might prefer to pair many of these verbs with characters themselves rather than their body parts. Listen to your writer’s voice and choose what works best for you.

A to F Belittle, blister, burn, caress, clamp, clench, close, coax, coerce, compress, contort, crack, crimp, criticize, curl, denounce, deprecate, dribble, drool, entice, force, fuse

G to R Gossip, graze, heal, insult, kiss, loosen, lure, meld, open, perspire, practice, press, pucker, purse, quirk, relax, respond

S Salivate, scrunch, seal, slaver, slide, slither, slobber, smart, smooch, sparkle, spasm, spit, squirm, squish together, sting, stretch, suck, sweat, swell

T to Z Tempt, throb, tighten, tingle, turn down, turn up, twist, ulcerate, unlock, yield

Nouns

Inventing nouns to replace lips or mouth can lead to silent snickers while you hunch over your keyboard or pore through your favorite thesaurus. Try some of these:

A to L Bazoo, blower, bragger, cakehole, chops, doughnut disposal, doughnut hole, flycatcher, flytrap, food vacuum, gob, hatch, hot-air vent, jabberjaw, kisser, laughing gear

M to Z Maw, motormouth, mug slit, mush, muzzle, nagger, oral cavity, oral orifice, phiz slit, pie hole, puss, skull cave, soup sucker, trap, woofer, word hole, yap, yapper, yodeler

Props

Add humor, suspense, or atmosphere with well-chosen props.

Does your protagonist notice a roll of duct tape on the counter in his apartment—then whip around to see a face-masked intruder with a gag in hand? Duct tape + gag = kidnapping. Or maybe an amorous encounter. Or__________?

A to O Acne, asthma inhaler, baby bottle, blueberries, chewing tobacco, cigar, cigarette, coughing fit, dirt, duct tape, electric razor, facemask, flute, gag, glitter, handkerchief, intubation tube, kazoo, lipstick, mouth guard, mouth organ, mud pie, mustache, muzzle, nebulizer, oboe

P to Z Piercings, pimples, pipe, razor, scar, scuba regulator, sneezing, snorkel, soot, soother, spit, spit up, stain, straw, teeth, thumb, tic, tissue, tongue, toothpaste, toothpick, trumpet, veil, wart, whistle

Clichés and Idioms

Some narrators might warrant trite phrases, but it’s usually best to avoid them—except in dialogue.

All mouth and trousers: arrogant, brash, brazen

Born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth: born privileged or wealthy

Button one’s lip: hush, keep quiet, shut up, stop talking

By word of mouth: orally, verbally, via gossip

Down in the mouth: dejected, depressed, glum, sad

Foam at the mouth: fume, rage, rant, seethe

Give some lip: disrespect, sass, speak rudely

Have a stiff upper lip: display fortitude, exercise restraint, remain resolute (in the face of adversity)

Have one’s heart in one’s mouth: be afraid, alarmed, apprehensive, or terrified

Leave a bad taste in one’s mouth: nauseate, repulse, disgust

Live hand to mouth: barely get by, eke out an existence, subsist

Lock lips: French kiss, kiss, smooch

Look a gift horse in the mouth: be ungrateful, find fault with a gift

Mouth off: rant, sass, sound off, spout

On everyone’s lips: popular topic of conversation, trending, widely discussed

Pay lip service: agree in public while personally dissenting, pretend to agree

Put one’s foot in one’s mouth: blurt, say something tactless; blunder

Seal one’s lips: keep a secret, keep classified

Shoot one’s mouth off: boast, brag, talk indiscreetly

Slip of the lip: inadvertent mistake (while speaking)

Stiff upper lip: fortitude, resignation, stoicism

Straight from the horse’s mouth: from a reliable source

Talk out of both sides of one’s mouth: contradict oneself, lie (usually to please the most people)

Through word of mouth: orally, person to person, verbally

Zip one’s lip: hush, say nothing, shut up, stop talking

#links #words

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kyrisflowerfield · 2 years

Text

Flower Seeds

Lyric Prompts

“Kissing strangers ’till I find someone I love”

“When I’m like this you’re the one I trust.”

“When the meaning of life looks unclear, come back to this place.”

“Don’t get angry. Don’t abandon me. Don’t go anywhere.”

“You are a fla-fla-fla-flamingo. So very vivid.”

“And the afterword: Won’t you let me blame it all on you?”

“Let’s dream of corduroy.”

“Pity for pity’s sake”

“I try, and I try, and I try, to make you listen to me!”

“I’m so sick of being cautious all the time”

“I want to be praised just for breathing.” or “I want to be praised just for being alive.”

“I got you all figured out, you need everyone’s eyes just to feel seen.”

“You give me, you give me, give me anxiety.”

“Love for the worst of victims.”

“I’m fine with being (Called) the worst and openly being scum, whatever.”

“If you can find the trace that is me, call me out. I will never leave you alone.”

“Sing to me, cause I’m not doing well.”

“Our eyes they lie, as we say goodbye.”

“It’s a special moment locked in time.” (For me, myself, and I)

“Common sense dictates that life is precious and weighty.”

“Stand by me, but never I’ll go back.”

“Dear doppelganger, who, oh who are you?”

“Go on, repeat it again and again, that worthless I miss you.”

(Gyahahaha)”Tasteless superiority, this is the “answer”. Have any complaints?”

“Though we’re hideous, give us your love bastard.”

Don’t forget to come and pick up your feelings” (Don’t leave no pieces)

“Forever is a long, it’s a long song away.” (So just please, please, let the record play)

“Don’t just call me pessimist, try and read between the lines!”

“It’s like, right now, I wanna kill my ex too.”

“Ooh, I remember now! You’re that serious-looking person from back then…on second thought, nevermind.”

—-

SFW Alphabet

A = Affection (How affectionate are they? How do they show affection?)

B = Best friend (What would they be like as a best friend? How would the friendship start?)

C = Cuddles (Do they like to cuddle? How would they cuddle?)

D = Domestic (Do they want to settle down? How are they at cooking and cleaning?)

E = Ending (If they had to break up with their partner, how would they do it?)

F = Fiance(e) (How do they feel about commitment? How quick would they want to get married?)

G = Gentle (How gentle are they, both physically and emotionally?)

H = Hugs (Do they like hugs? How often do they do it? What are their hugs like?)

I = I love you (How fast do they say the L-word?)

J = Jealousy (How jealous do they get? What do they do when they’re jealous?)

K = Kisses (What are their kisses like? Where do they like to kiss you? Where do they like to be kissed?)

L = Little ones (How are they around children?)

M = Morning (How are mornings spent with them?)

N = Night (How are nights spent with them?)

O = Open (When would they start revealing things about themselves? Do they say everything all at once or wait a while to reveal things slowly?)

P = Patience (How easily angered are they?)

Q = Quizzes (How much would they remember about you? Do they remember every little detail you mention in passing, or do they kind of forget everything?)

R = Remember (What is their favorite moment in your relationship?)

S = Security (How protective are they? How would they protect you? How would they like to be protected?)

T = Try (How much effort would they put into dates, anniversaries, gifts, everyday tasks?)

U = Ugly (What would be some bad habits of theirs?)

V = Vanity (How concerned are they with their looks?)

W = Whole (Would they feel incomplete without you?)

X = Xtra (A random headcanon for them.)

Y = Yuck (What are some things they wouldn’t like, either in general or in a partner?)

Z = Zzz (What is a sleep habits of theirs?)

Anyway, that’s that! I’ll probably add more but for now I hope this is ok. You don’t have to request using this of course, and as said above I’m open to other prompts too! Have good night/day and stay healthy and safe!

-Kyri<3

#Flower Seeds #Kyri #kyu

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sweatybrandon · 6 years

Text

Thanks to @lonely-t0wn for tagging me :D

a // age: 20 b // birthplace: Cambridge c // current time: 20:02 d // drink you last had: water e // easiest person to talk to: best friend or my dogs 😂 f // favorite songs: I once tried to make a top 10 but it didn’t go very well as I had about 30 on it... But the 3 that came into my head straight away are: All These Things That I’ve Done (surprise surprise), Transylvania and Bohemian Rhapsody g // grossest memory: When I was camping once on the way back from the shower block I slipped and fell in cow shit 😂 h // horror yes or horror no: no i // in love? no unless you count celebs j // jealous of people: Probably l // love at first sight or should i walk by again? Walk by again m // middle name? Anne Rose n // number of siblings: One sister o // one wish: To get a job I love after uni p // person you called last: Mum apparently q // questions you’re always asked: While I’ve been at home it’s always “How’s university going?” r // reason to smile: music s // song you last sang: I’m currently listening to Flamingo and it’s currently on Hard Enough...so Hard Enough t // time you woke up: I think it was around 10 u // underwear color: blue v // vacation destination: Normally Scotland. Will be Scotland this year as doing a road trip around there before Isle of Wight Festival w // worst habit: Procrastination x // x-rays: The only ones I can recall have been at the dentist and the orthodontist y // your favorite food: Most kinds of pasta z // zodiac sign: Pisces

I tag: @the-curious-paracosm, @howellobrien, @sleepysuggles, @obv10usly, @yousitthereinyourheartache, @lightbrite-rebel, @rockinpotterhead, @everyteardrop and @feelmyskin If you haven’t done it already and want to do it

#personal #about me #tag game

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rightcaps · 3 years

Photo

$13.52 21% off sell - Chemo Cancer Sleep Scarf Hat Cap Cotton Beanie Lace Flower Printed Hair Cover Wrap Turban Headwear - CJ196CZWI4H Style A (Camouflage Flowers) , D (Cotton Flowers) , E (Geometric Print) , F (Cotton Paisley),G (Stripes Pineapple Flamingo) ,H (Pineapple), I Green (Leaves),L (Pineapple Leaves) are dual use (cap or scarf), they can show your beautiful ponytail.Style B (Lace Flowers) ,C (Lace Butterfly), J (Lace Flowers), K (Lace Butterfly), M (Polka dot lace) are only beanie and cap.The womens slouchy baggy beanie can be stretched .One size fits most,fit for all season.Soft & stretch cotton or cotton lace beanie , womens slouchy baggy beanie cotton or lace on surface, soft, comfortable,stretchable, lightweight, breathable, moisture-wicking, friendly to skin and not fade off.Fit for casual daily nice cap wear, everyday sleep cap headwear, sun hat for outdoor activities, elegant special occasions, also as conditioning cap perfect great gift for pregnant women, cancer patients.Definitely fashion beanies for women. more product select from our Skullies & Beanies:https://www.rightcaps.com/26-skullies-beanies # 's #& # #& #

#SkulliesBeanies #Home #Women #Hats #Caps #Skullies #Beanies #Chemo #Cancer #Sleep #Scarf #Hat #Cap #Cotton #Beanie #Lace #Flower #Printed #Hair #Cover #Wrap #Turban #Headwear #CJ196CZWI4H

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tameila · 6 years

Text

getting to know me

tagged by @jabletown // I love procrastinating after waking up from an unnecessary nap in the afternoon!!

a // age: 24

b// birthplace: good ol’ illinois

c// current time: 4:48PM

d// drink you last had: water because ~*~it’s important to stay hydrated~*~ but really i’m just too lazy to get out of bed and get a soda like i want

e// easiest person to talk to: any of my IRL besties. doesn’t matter how many years we’ve known each other. we always have so much to talk about when we hang out.

f// favorite song: what a loaded question to ask a girl who panics if her ‘recently added’ section on iTunes is empty! I’ll go with my current ‘on repeat’ song - “He’ll Never Love You” by Hayley Kiyoko

g// grossest memory: um?? idk...my sister and I used to pee down the air vents when we were real little? that’s p gross

h// horror yes or horror no: never been a huge horror fan because i’m a big baby but I love reading about creepy supernatural shit and, recently, thanks to Dead Meat (shameless promo pls support James he’s great) I’ve gained a new respect and interest for the genre

i// in love? god i wish that were me

j// jealous of people? sure. as someone with a BS in psychology, i feel confident stating -- people just be like that my dudes

l// love at first sight or walk by again? you’re probably gonna have to walk by again i’m dumb as shit

m// middle name? jane

n// number of siblings: 4

o// one wish: fix my family’s financial situation

p// person you called last: someone to sent up an interview

q// questions you’re always asked: when i go to the hairdresser, i’m almost always asked - “is this your natural hair color?” yes yes it is i’m a ravishing beauty thank you

r// reason to smile: family, friends, music, when you finally correct the wording during that scene you’ve been crying over for days and/or weeks, soft fluffy kittens, Pike and Scanlan are married

s// song you last sang: idk some song on the radio while in the car with lil sister earlier today. “blurry face” comes to mind

t// time you woke up: sometime around noon

u// underwear color: pink it’s got flamingos on it because i’m classy

v// vacation destination: take me back to Ireland please, particularly the Cliffs of Moher

w// worst habit: mentally wanting to do something really bad (usually writing) but also mentally unable to sit down and focus on that thing because youtube and pinterest and so many other things are so much easier and accessible!

x// x-rays: i still have many ‘fond’ memories of getting x-rays on my left arm when i had my cyst when I was in second/third grade which were memories i had to revisit about a year ago when the area caused me pain again

y// your favorite food: pot roast, green bean casserole, ham in general, falafels are p damn great

z// zodiac sign: taurus

tagging: whoever!

#personal

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a-dinosaur-a-day · 5 years

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Zygodactylus

By José Carlos Cortés

Etymology: The one with two toes forward and two backward

First Described By: Ballman, 1969

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Neognathae, Neoaves, Australaves, Psittacopasserae, Passeriformes, Zygodactylidae

Referred Species: Z. grivensis, Z. ignotus, Z. luberonensis, Z. grandei, Z. ochlurus

Status: Extinct

Time and Place: Between 52 to 17 million years ago, from the Ypresian of the Eocene through the Burdigalian of the Miocene

Zygodactylus is known from the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, the Renova Formation, the Revest-des-Brousses Formation, and the Wintershof-West Formation, a range extending over both North America and Europe

Physical Description: Zygodactylus was a small tree-dwelling bird, about the size of living tyrant-flycatchers (so no more than 12 or so centimeters long, probably usually smaller than this). It resembled living songbirds in most ways - it had a round body, small head, long and very skinny legs, and round wings. However, Zygodactylus differed from extinct songbirds in one very notable and important way: instead of having three toes pointed forward and one toe pointed backward, Zygodactylus had two toes pointed forward and two backward. This is important for evolutionary biology related reasons - which I’ll get into in the “other” section. They also had long, pointed beaks, like many kinds of living passerines. Any potential color of Zygodactylus has not been studied, but it stands to reason that it would have some distinct patterning to stand out during mating displays and in its forested habitats.

Diet: Based on the shape of the beak, it seems likely that Zygodactylus fed mainly on invertebrates and insects, using the sharp beak to spear slimy food or dig into bark for hidden grubs.

By Ripley Cook

Behavior: Zygodactylus would have been a primarily tree-dwelling bird, spending most of its time walking among the branches and searching for food. It would have used its specialized foot structure to hold onto tree branches and even trunks, though its toes were small and skinny and not the most adapted for trunk-grabbing. It would have probably spent a good amount of its time hopping from tree to tree on its quest, and possibly dug into wood to find food. This was a common bird, and as such it stands to reason that Zygodactylus would have been at least somewhat social - though whether that took the form of small family flocks or large flocks is uncertain. It would have taken care of its young, though beyond that we know little of its behavior.

Ecosystem: Zygodactylus lived for an extremely long period of time in Earth’s history, going from the origins of many modern groups of birds in the Eocene until the diversification of these groups into their specific families in the Miocene. In general, Zygoadctylus kept to forested environments, even as the global rainforest of the Eocene depleted and was replaced by more varied habitats, including vast arid shrubland and the first grasslands. Zygodactylus is known from such varying environments from the rainforest-lake of the Green River Formation, to a coastal mangrove forest, to a shoreline wood.

Green River Formation by Julius Cystoni

In the lakeside rainforest of the Green River Formation, Zygodactylus lived amongst sycamore trees along with ferns and palms, affected by the constant change of the Rocky mountains around them - which would periodically dump phosphorus into the lakes. There were a variety of fish such as rays, catfish, suckers, and herrings and sardines. Crocodiles like Borealosuchus were frequent, as well as many early primates, hoofed mammals, bats, and an armadillo-esque mammal. Dinosaurs were some of the most iconic creatures at the Fossil Lake, including the seagull-like Frigatebird Limnafregata, the flighted ratites Pseudocrypturus and calciavis, the flamingo-duck Presbyornis, the pheasant Gallinuloides, the early swift-hummingbird Eocypselus, the frogmouth-esque Fluvioviridavis and Prefica, the mousebird Anneavis, the woodpecker Neanis, the Parrots of Prey Cyrilavis and Tynskya, and Zygodacytlus’ own cousin Eozygodactylus. Of these, Zygodactylus would have had to watch out the most for its own relatives, the Parrots of Prey!

In the Dunbar Creek member of the Renova Formation, Zygodactylus lived in a more transitional environment, as the global rainforests were replaced with plains and other arid habitats. Here there were a variety of pine trees, as well as flowering plants like violets, roses, grapes, maples, and nogals. This was a series of woods surrounding ponds and streams feeding into said ponds, with plenty of habitats for Zygodactylus to hang out in. There were plenty of mammals here, including early dogs and horses, marsupials and rabbits, rodents and brontotheres, as well as rhinos. Other birds are not known from this formation.

By Ashley Patch

In the coastal mangrove of the Rupelian of Southern France, Zygodactylus was joined by a wide variety of mammals - including rodents, horse relatives, ruminants, hedgehogs, and truly weird and giant hoofed mammals like Anthracotherium. As for other dinosaurs, there were early trogon relatives like Primotrogon, early hummingbirds like Eurotrochilus, early cuckoos like Eocuculus, and crane relatives like Parvigrus.

Finally, in the shoreline woodland of the Burdigalian of Germany, Zygodactylus lived among a wide variety of flowering trees, more so than conifers that had been more prevalent in the Eocene. Asterids, buckthorns, grapes, maples, and magnolias were especially common. Here, rodents were the primary mammalian neighbors, though there were some ruminants, bats, and carnivorous mammals like Prosansanosmilus. Snakes were even more common, though, and would have been major predators of Zygodactylus, such as boas and cobras. Birds were rarer here, though the pheasant Paleortyx was present alongside Zygodactylus.

By Jack Wood

Other: Zygodactylus is of fundamental importance because it is a missing link - a fossil that confirms the weird relationships we recover with genetic data. For a long time, genetic studies of the relationships between birds revealed a result literally no one would guess based on their shapes and ecologies: parrots and passerines were sibling groups. This was a major disconnect for researchers, since for a long time it was thought that passerines were more closely related to some of the other large tree-dwelling dinosaur groups with three toes forward and one back - namely, mousebirds and quetzals. So, what was needed was something linking the creatures with two forward and two back - like passerines - and the three forward one back songbirds. Zygodactylus and its relatives were the answer to that question. Being - by and large - almost identical to living passerines, these ancient birds had the legs and bodies of their living relatives, but the feet of their cousins. This showcases that, in terms of evolving for tree-dwelling, songbirds focused on their wing shape and skinny legs before changing up their feet. This makes Zygodactylus - and its relatives - utterly vital transitional fossils for the evolution of the most speciose group of living dinosaurs, the songbirds.

Species Differences: Z. grivensis and Z. grandei are known from the Green River Formation of Wyoming, with Z. grandei having shorter foot bones; Z. ochlurus is known from the Dunbar Creek Member of the Renova Formation; Z. luberornensis is known from the Revest-des-Brousses Formation of France; and Z. ignotus is known from the Wintershof-West of Germany.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources under the Cut

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146 notes · View notes