#한국어 동사

[studykorean101]

What is the difference between -게 하다 and -게 되다?

Great question! First, we need to understand that 하다 is active whereas 되다 is passive! Your next question might be, “but omg, SK101, I’m not good at English grammar, too; what the hell is passive and active?”

Another great question! 

The active voice is when the speaker/subject performs the action or is described directly–they did it, caused it, performed it; you’re gonna see people commonly use these ways to explain the active voice. In English, the active voice can look something like this:

I studied Korean; (저는) 한국어를 공부했어요 

As you can see, I (the subject) am the one that studied Korean of my own volition. I caused the “Korean studying.” 

The passive voice is when the speaker/subject does not perform/cause/do the action. Instead, the subject is affected by the action/performance. I understand this may be difficult to understand, so I’ll spend more time on this. 

When can you use the passive voice?

When we have more interest in the object that experiences the action

When we don’t know (or don’t want to express) who performed the action (this is an academic loophole when we didn't do the proper research to support a claim)

When we want to emphasize the action!

The passive voice is not grammatically incorrect (take it from a linguist and someone who minored in creative writing). You will hear people say that the passive voice is not good or is ungrammatical (some bs like that). Even in Korean, the passive voice is entirely natural and used in everyday contexts. 

The passive voice in Korean may look like this:

한국어가 (저에게) 공부됐어요; Korean was studied (by me)

The prepositional phrase “by me; 저에게” shows that we know who studied Korean. This may still be confusing, so let me give you another example:

부엌을 청소했어요; I cleaned the kitchen.

부엌이 청소됐어요; The kitchen has been cleaned.

Let’s add more context to the sentence to understand the situation better. 

집에 도착했을 때 부엌을 청소했어요; When I got home, I cleaned the kitchen (meaning, I saw the dirty kitchen and cleaned it)

집에 도착했을 때 부엌이 청소됐어요; When I got home, the kitchen was cleaned (meaning, someone (unknown or otherwise) cleaned the kitchen when I was out)

*gasp!* Yes, by now, you've noticed that 이/가 goes with passive!

Now, onto your question: what's the difference between -게 하다 and -게 되다?

-게 하다: causative

The causative aspect shows that A causes B to happen. Pretend you have a younger sibling–here are some examples:

동생은 저를 늦게 했어요; My sibling made me late

저는 동생이 문제를 이해하게 했어요; I made them understand the problem

저를 귀찮게 했어요; You (the sibling) bothered me! 

(저는) 동생을 화장품으로 예쁘게 했어요; I made my sibling pretty with makeup

A (동생/저) causes B to happen. B does not mean the recipient (저/동생) of the action – B represents the action. 

-게 되다; to become (passive)

This grammar point shows that B changes A! Let’s use the examples from above. 

동생이 화장품으로 예쁘게 됐어요; my sibling became pretty with makeup

동생 때문에 제가 귀찮게 되었어요; my sibling has been bothering me

문제가 동생에게 이해하게 되었어요; my sibling came to understand the problem [more literally; the problem was understood by my sibling]

동생 때문에 제가 늦게 되었어요; I became late because of my sibling

Now, I'm sure you've noticed that there are two spellings of a conjugated '되다'. The only difference between '되었어요' and '됐어요' is that '됐어요' is a contraction of '되었어요'. You may have other Korean learners attempt to tell you that you write one [되었어요] and speak the other [됐어요]. This isn't not true; it's just not a rule written in stone. You are very much able to write the contracted '됐어요' instead of the regular '되었어요'. In fact, native Korean speakers do this all the time. It would be like saying we shouldn't write any English contractions because it's not grammatically correct--it's just wrong. The rules of '되다' are more complex than just written and spoken, but that's a blog for another day.

I hope this helped answer your question! If you're still confused, don't hesitate to send me another ask or pm me! I'm always open to clearing up any confusion or directing you to a source that may help!

Happy Learning :)

~ SK101

#korean blog #korean #korean language #learn korean #study korean #korean langblr #한국어 #한국어 배우기 #korean language blog #langblr #kblr #korean langauge #south korean #한국어 공부하기 #한국어 문법 #한국어공부 #korean words #studyblr #-게 되다하고 -게 하다 차이 #한국어 동사 #문법 #ask #물어보기 아논 #물어보는 질문 #질문 #한국어 질문

[mellowmyra]

번역하는 한국어 이야기 (연습) #2

📄제가 영어 번역:

House Cleaning

Today is Saturday. In the morning, my father went to work and my mother went out for the day. I didn't have any lectures or plans with my friends, so I just decided to stay home.

I planned to do some house cleaning. First, I scrubbed the floors with a rag and cleaned the furniture in the room, the television and the stereo. I also dusted the windows and ceilings.

After cleaning, the house's atmosphere was very different. The room was clean and a sparkly shine came from the kitchen, bathroom, and windows.

Since the inside of the house was clean, I felt super refreshed. After house cleaning, I decided to do the overdue laundry. I like using the washing machine more rather than doing laundry by hand. Of course, if you do it by hand it is more tiring. However, rinsing the laundry and disposing of the water feels very satisfying. This kind of feeling is why I still do the laundry by hand.

📝제가 배운것:

문법

V ~시 = honorific verb ending

V ~기로 하다 = planning to~, deciding to ~

동사/형용사

외출하다 (v) = to go out, to have plans

털다 (v) = to be dusted, to be cleaned

달라치다 (v) = to change, to alter

상쾌하다 (adj) = to be refreshing

마치다 (v) = to complete, to end

밀리다 (v) = to be overdue, to be undone

행구다 (v) = to rinse

명사

대청소 = house cleaning

방바닥 = floor

걸레 = rag, mop

오디오 = stereo

유리창 = window

천장 = ceiling

먼지 = dust

욕실 = bathroom, tub

윤 = shine, gloss

세탁기 = washing machine

부사

무척 = really, extremely

**T/N (😎)

오케이 이거..ㅜㅜ 이거 조금 더 어려웠어요. 복잡하지 않은데 그냥 모른 단어가 많았어요. 아 그리고 정말 길었죠? 많을수록 좋겠다 !ㅎㅎㅎ 그럼, 지금은 그게 다예요. 이번에 더 잛게 메모예요..암튼 !

다음에 봐요~!

마이라 💙

#쓰기 연습 #langblr #한국어 연습 #korean studyblr #한국어 일기 #language learning #studyblr #korean study blog

[milkcocoahkorean]

Hey guys, today I have two interesting verbs for you. 

새우다 and 피우다. The reason they are interesting is that you often don’t see them in their “correct” form while talking. Some of you might have even noticed this or wondered why you don’t see 새우다 and 피우다 often or if there is a difference. 

In textbooks you’ll learn sentences like:

어제 밤을 새워서 공부했어요. I stayed up all night studying yesterday.

But, you don’t hear that sentence too often in real life conversations with friends. Instead, you hear this:

어제 밤을 새서 공부했어요. I stayed up all night studying.

Or

밤을 샜어요. I stayed up all night./I pulled an all-nighter.

In class, newspapers, and in the dictionary, you will (or should) find the verb as 새우다. But, most people (at least in Seoul) use the verb as 새다. 우 completely disappears. 피우다 is the same. In the dictionary and in your books, you’ll see 담배(를) 피우다 and 바람(을) 피우다. But, many people say 담배(를) 피다 and 바람(을) 피다.

밤을 새다 is technically incorrect. But, you’ll hear it more often than the correct version. It’s kind of like “who and whom” in the US. Most people don’t use “whom” at all. They use “who” incorrectly even if they know it’s wrong. That’s because for some weird reason using "who” wrong sounds more natural than using “whom” correctly.

Here are a few examples of the three most common words I’ve come across.

담배를 안 폈으면 좋겠어요. (*안 피웠으면) I wish you didn’t smoke cigarettes. 

밤을 새지 마. 숙제는 내일 해. (*새우지 마) Don’t stay up all night. Do your homework tomorrow.

남자 친구가 바람을 피면 끝이야! (*바람을 피우면) If (my) boyfriend cheats, it’s over/it’s the end. 

It’s strange that language sometimes sounds better when it’s wrong, right? Just one more reason to not stress about speaking “perfect Korean.” You should use the correct form when writing papers and on tests, but when you’re talking or texting, feel free to use it “incorrectly.” 

Anyway, good luck studying guys!

#korean #study Korean #learn Korean #한국어 배우기 #한국어 공부 #한국어 공부중 #한국어 #한국말 #새우다 #피우다 #한국어 동사 #한국 #Korean language #langblr #Korea #한국어공부중 #한국어공부 #공부 #한국어 어휘 #한국어 단어 #korean vocabulary #Korean words #korean verbs #kpop #bts

[koreanstudyjunkie]

COMMON KOREAN VERBS

+ mini-quiz

I put together 30 common verbs in Korean. If you're a beginner I'd recommend learning the 1-200 most common korean verbs😉

You only need to know around 3-4,000 korean words to speak and understand most of the language. I definitely don't know tens of thousands of words, but I can still understand most of what I hear and read. I recommend searching for GoBilly's video on youtube on how many words you need to know in Korean👍

Vocabulary List:

지다 - to become

걱정하다 - to worry

대답하다 - to answer

들어오다 - to enter

물어보다 - to ask

사용하다 - to use

연습하다 - to practce

주문하다 - to order

기억하다/기억나다- to remember

벗다 - to remove, undress, take off (clothes)

꿈꾸다 - to dream (of)

다녀오다 - to go and get back

닫다 - to close

떨어지다 - to fall, to drop; to fail; to run out

미치다 - to go crazy

믿다 - to trust, believe

받다 - to get, to take, to receive

생각하다 - to think

설명하다 - to explain

웃다 - to laugh, to smile

이해하다 - to understand

잃어버리다 - to lose something (an object)

즐기다 - to enjoy, to have fun

청소하다 - to clean

취소하다 - to cancel

태어나다 - to be born

포기하다 - to give up

씻다 - to wash

바꾸다 - to change, to switch

기다리다 - to wait

THANK YOU GUYS FOR 1000 FOLLOWERS🤩

#korean verbs #common korean verbs #common korean words #동사 #한국어 단어장 #한국어 단어 #영어 단어 #영어 단어장 #korean langblr #learn korean #korean vocab quiz #korean vocab test

[millennial-theologian]

9.12.20

동사를 열심히 공부하고 있어요.

여러분 화이팅!

#한국어 #한국어 공부하기 #동사 #korean #korean language #langblr #studyblr

[trangs-studyblr]

Verbs: Past, Present, Future Conjugation

The only part of speech that gets conjugated in Korean is verbs and adjectives (and 이다). As you already know, a sentence must end in either a verb or adjective or 이다.

Many conjugations require the additing ~아/어 to the stem of a verb or adjective. The “/” indicates that you need to choose:

~아: If the vowel in the last syllable of a stem is ㅏ, ㅗ,ㅑ or ㅛ

Exception: if the last syllable in a stem is 하, ~여 is added to the stem to make 해

~어: If the vowel in the last syllable of a stem is anything butㅏ, ㅗ,ㅑ or ㅛ

For verbs that have a last syllable that end in a vowel (including 하다), ~아/어 gets merged to the stem itself. 

아 + 아 = 아 (eg: 가다 + 아 = 가)

오 + 아 = 와 (eg: 오다 + 아 = 와)

우 + 어 = 워 (eg: 배우다 + 어 = 배워)

이 + 어 = 여 (eg: 끼다 + 어 = 껴)

어 + 어 = 어 (eg: 서다 + 어 = 서)

여 + 어 = 여 (eg: 켜다 + 어 = 켜)

하 + 여 = 해 (eg: 공부하다 + 여 = 공부해) Although 하 + 여 can be written as 해, there will be some situations (usually official documents) where 하여 is used instead.

Most verbs and adjectives do not end in complex vowels (ㅠ, ㅑ, ㅔ, etc). With these, the same rule applies as above - the final vowel does not end in ㅏ or ㅗ, so add 어 plus the rest of the conjugated ending. With these complex vowels, it is irrelevant if you merge the addition to the stem. Both forms (merged and non-merged) would be correct.

바래다 + 었다 = 바랬다 or 바래었다 (to fade)

매다 + 었다 = 맸다 or 매었다 (to tie up)

메다 + 었다 = 멨다 or 메었다 (to put on/carry something on one’s shoulder)

Honorifics

In Korean, different conjugations of the same word are used to imply respect and politeness to the person you are speaking to depending on that person’s age and/or seniority in relation to yours.

In Korean, you must use a higher respect form when speaking to somebody older or higher in position. 

나 is the informal way to say “I” and �� is the formal way. As such, 나 is always used in informal situations and in sentences conjugated informally. Conversely, 저 is used in formal situations and in sentences conjugated formally. All conjugations with different honorific endings have exactly the same meaning.

Informal

Used when talking to your friends, people you are close with, people younger than you and your family.

Formal: ~요

Used in most situations, even in high respect situations. This is usually the way most people speak when they are trying to show respect to the person they are talking to. Most of the time, the conjugation is the same as the informal form with ~요 added to the end. Adding ~요 to the end of anything in Korean makes it more respectful.

High Respect: ~ㅂ니다

This is a very high respect form that is used when addressing people who deserve a lot of respect. The difference between IH and FH is not very big. As long as you speak in either of these two ways, you will not offend anyone.

Plain/Narrative present tense form: ~(ㄴ/는)다 

This is the most basic way to conjugate past/present/future verbs. This form is used when talking or writing about what is happening, or “narrating” life events. What is being said is not intended for any specific audience, but rather just a general account of things. 

Although grammatically correct, it is rarely used in conversation and mostly used in writing (eg: tests, books (not in dialogue), research papers, newspapers, magazines, etc). This form is also called “diary form” because it is usually used when writing to yourself. 

Usage Type 1 (speaking and writing) is ONLY used when you are speaking to someone younger than yourself:

This conjugation is generally seen as informal, and usually used (with 나) when speaking to someone who is NOT older than you AND with whom you are close, or when writing in a journal or reading a novel. 

1. To show your reaction or impression when talking about a present action or situation:

이거 좋다! = This is good! *In present tense, you would say 좋아 to the other person, but 좋다 expresses the reaction more clearly of seeing something for the first time.

여기 강아지 있다! = There is a puppy here! *In 반말, you would say 있어, but 있다 generally does a better job of expressing your surprise or excitement.

저기 기차 지나간다 = Over there, there is a train passing by *지나가 is typically used in 반말, but 지나간다 is used to show surprise or discovery of a certain fact.

전화 온다 = The phone is ringing *In 반말, you would say 와. However, because you are describing a certain situation or action AS it is happening and not directing the phrase at anyone in particular, the plain form is used.

오늘 날씨 좋다! = The weather is good today!

전화가 안 돼요. 어? 다시 된다! = The phone is not working. Huh? It is working again!

2. to talk about a present action, situation, or a regular activity;

나 먼저 간다 = I am leaving now (before you) *In 반말, you would say 가 or 갈게, but here you are narrating your action as you are doing it, as if to say “Hey, I am leaving now, as you can see. Show a reaction right now if you are going to react.”

그러면, 다음에는 너 초대 안 한다 = If you do that (If that is the case), next time, I will not invite you (and make that a rule) *할게 or 할 거야 are two ways to say this in 반말 since you are talking about the future. To describe it as a rule or a habit, you can use 한다.

저기 내 친구들 온다 = There come my friends

그럼 나는 여기서 기다린다? = Then I will wait here, okay? *By adding a question mark, you can imply that you want the other person to react.

Usage Type 2 (writing only)

When used in writing or towards no specific audience, the distinction between formal and casual language disappears. The sentence is neither formal or informal – as it is just relaying facts. When used like this, no specific person is the speaker, and nobody is directly spoken to, so you don’t generally see 저 or 나 with these forms.

This is a common way of describing a series of actions and is often used in personal journals, recipes, narration scripts for documentary films, or wherever a very neutral and narrative voice is required.

경은은 오늘도 아침 8시에 일어난다. 일어나서 제일 먼저 하는 일은 핸드폰을 보는 것이다. = (In a documentary film) Kyeong-eun gets up at 8am as usual. The first thing she does after she gets up is check her cellphone. 이 학교에서는 500명의 학생들이 한국어를 배운다 = In this school, 500 students learn Korean 한국어를 잘하고 싶으면, 매일 공부해야 한다 = If you want to speak Korean well, you need to study every day

Although plain form is not very common in conversation, the conjugation is important to understand more complex grammar or to read most printed forms of Korean.

Present Tense

Informal

Add ~어/아/여 to the stem of the verb.

나는 밥을 먹어 = I eat rice (먹다 + 어) 나는 집에 가 = I go home (가다 + 아) 나는 선생님을  봐 = I see the teacher (보다 + 아) 나는 문을 열어 = I open the door (열다 + 어) 나는 한국어를 공부해 = I study Korean (공부하다 + 여)

Formal

Add ~요 to the end of the informal conjugations

저는 밥을 먹어요 = I eat rice (먹다 + 어요) 저는 집에 가요 = I go home (가다 + 아요) 저는 선생님을  봐요 = I see the teacher (보다 + 아요) 저는 문을 열어요 = I open the door (열다 + 어요) 저는 한국어를 공부해요 = I study Korean (공부하다 + 여요)

High respect

Add ~ㅂ니다 if a word stem ends in a vowel and ~습니다 if it ends in a consonant.

저는 밥을 먹습니다 = I eat rice (먹다 + 습니다) 저는 집에 갑니다 = I go home (가다 + ㅂ니다) 저는 선생님을  봅니다 = I see the teacher (보다 + ㅂ니다) 저는 문을 열습니다 = I open the door (열다 + 습니다) 저는 한국어를 공부합니다 = I study Korean (공부하다 + ㅂ니다)

Plain

For nouns, add ~ㄴ 다 if a word stem ends in a vowel and ~는다 if it ends in a consonant.

나는 밥을 먹는다 = I eat rice (먹다 + 는다) 나는 집에 간다 = I go home (가다 + ㄴ다) 나는 선생님을  본다 = I see the teacher (보다 + ㄴ다) 나는 문을 열는다 = I open the door (열다 + 는다) 나는 한국어를 공부한니다 = I study Korean (공부하다 + ㄴ다)

For adjectives, just leave the adjective as it is, and it is conjugated in the present tense.

그 사람은 아름답다 = That person is beautiful 그 길은 길다 = That street is long

*In the case of descriptive verbs, since the verb stem is what remains after removing ~다 from the verb, the narrative present tense form is actually the same as the verb’s dictionary form.

*있다 and 없다 are conjugated in the same way as descriptive verbs; therefore, they stay the same in the narrative present tense.

Past Tense

Add ~았/었/였 to the stem of the verb. The appropriate ending is added afterwards based on conjugation/formality.

Informal

Add ~어 after 었/았/였.

나는 밥을 먹었어 = I ate rice (먹다 + 었어) 나는 집에 갔어 = I went home (가다 + 았어) 나는 선생님을  봤어 = I saw the teacher (보다 + 았어) 나는 문을 열었어 = I opened the door (열다 + 었어) 나는 한국어를 공부했어 = I studied Korean (공부하다 + 였어)

Formal

Add ~요 to the end of the informal conjugations.

저는 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate rice (먹다 + 었어요) 저는 집에 갔어요 = I went home (가다 + 았어요) 저는 선생님을  봤어요 = I saw the teacher (보다 + 았어요) 저는 문을 열었어요 = I opened the door (열다 + 었어요) 저는 한국어를 공부했어요 = I studied Korean (공부하다 + 였어요)

High respect

Add ~습니다 after 었/았/였.

저는 밥을 먹었습니다 = I ate rice (먹다 + 었습니다) 저는 집에 갔습니다 = I went home (가다 + 았습니다) 저는 선생님을  봤습니다 = I saw the teacher (보다 + 았습니다) 저는 문을 열었습니다 = I opened the door (열다 + 었습니다) 저는 한국어를 공부했습니다 = I studied Korean (공부하다 + 였습니다)

Plain

Add 다 after 었/았/였.

나는 밥을 먹었다 = I ate rice (먹다 + 었다) 나는 집에 갔다 = I went home (가다 + 았다) 나는 선생님을  봤다 = I saw the teacher (보다 + 았다) 나는 문을 열었다 = I opened the door (열다 + 었다) 나는 한국어를 공부했다 = I studied Korean (공부하다 + 였다)

Future Tense: ㄹ/을 것이다

Add ~ㄹ/을 to the stem of an adjective or verb to changes it to an adjective that describes a noun in the future tense. The noun that is used in this situation is 것 (thing) - sometimes shortened to 거. Then, to end the sentence, add 이다 conjugated in the present tense. Because the ~ㄹ/을 creates a future sentence, 이다 does not need to be in the future.

~ㄹ / 을 + 것 / 거 + 이다

*Note that the conjugation of 이다 changes depending on whether 것 or 거 is used because one ends in a vowel and one in a consonant. Koreans also often confuse whether to add ~이에요, ~예요 or ~에요 to 거, so it is not uncommon to see somebody use 할 거에요.

Be aware of irregular verbs and how they are affected by the addition of ~ㄹ/을.

Informal

Add the informal conjugation of 이다 (~(이)야) to ~ㄹ/을 것/거

나는 밥을 먹을 것이야 / 거야 = I will eat rice (먹다 + ~을 것이야 / 거야) 나는 집에 갈 것이야 / 거야 = I will go home (가다 + ~ㄹ 것이야 / 거야) 나는 선생님을  볼 것이야 / 거야 = I will see the teacher (보다 + ~ㄹ 것이야 / 거야) 나는 문을 열을 것이야 / 거야 = I will open the door (열다 + ~을 것이야 / 거야) 나는 한국어를 공부할 것이야 / 거야 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + ~ㄹ 것이야 / 거야)

Formal

Add the formal conjugation of 이다 (~이에요/예요) to ~ㄹ/을 것/거

저는 밥을 먹을 것이에요 / 거예요 = I will eat rice (먹다 + ~을 것이에요 / 거예요) 저는 집에 갈 것이에요 / 거예요 = I will go home (가다 + ~ㄹ 것이에요 / 거예요) 저는 선생님을  볼 것이에요 / 거예요 = I will see the teacher (보다 + ~ㄹ 것이에요 / 거예요) 저는 문을 열을 것이에요 / 거예요 = I will open the door (열다 + ~을 것이에요 / 거예요) 저는 한국어를 공부할 것이에요 / 거예요 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + ~ㄹ 것이에요 / 거예요)

High Respect

Add the high respect conjugation of 이다 (~입니다) to ~ㄹ/을 것/거

저는 밥을 먹을 것입니다 / 거입니다 = I will eat rice (먹다 + ~을 것입니다 / 거입니다) 저는 집에 갈 것입니다 / 거입니다 = I will go home (가다 + ~ㄹ 것입니다 / 거입니다) 저는 선생님을  볼 것입니다 / 거입니다 = I will see the teacher (보다 + ~ㄹ 것입니다 / 거입니다) 저는 문을 열을 것입니다 / 거입니다 = I will open the door (열다 + ~을 것입니다 / 거입니다) 저는 한국어를 공부할 것입니다 / 거입니다 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + ~ㄹ 것입니다 / 거입니다)

*Colloquially, 거입니다 is often shortened to 겁니다

Plain

Add the plain conjugation of 이다 (~ㄴ다) to ~ㄹ/을 것/거

나는 밥을 먹을 것인다 / 거인다 = I will eat rice (먹다 + ~을 것인다 / 거인다) 나는 집에 갈 것인다 / 거인다 = I will go home (가다 + ~ㄹ 것인다 / 거인다) 나는 선생님을  볼 것인다 / 거인다 = I will see the teacher (보다 + ~ㄹ 것인다 / 거인다) 나는 문을 열을 것인다 / 거인다 = I will open the door (열다 + ~을 것인다 / 거인다) 나는 한국어를 공부할 것인다 / 거인다 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + ~ㄹ 것인다 / 거인다)

Future Tense: 겠다

Add ~겠 to the stem. The appropriate ending is added afterwards based on conjugation/formality. Unlike the past and present tense conjugations, there is no difference if the stem ends in a vowel or a consonant. 

Informal

Add ~어 after 겠. 

나는 밥을 먹겠어 = I will eat rice (먹다 + 겠어) 나는 집에 가겠어 = I will go home (가다 + 겠어) 나는 선생님을  보겠어 = I will see the teacher (보다 + 겠어) 나는 문을 열겠어 = I will open the door (열다 + 겠어) 나는 한국어를 공부하겠어 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + 겠어)

Formal

Add ~요 to the end of the informal conjugations.

저는 밥을 먹겠어요 = I will eat rice (먹다 + 겠어요) 저는 집에 가겠어요 = I will go home (가다 + 겠어요) 저는 선생님을  보겠어요 = I will see the teacher (보다 + 겠어요) 저는 문을 열겠어요 = I will open the door (열다 + 겠어요) 저는 한국어를 공부하겠어요 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + 겠어요)

High respect

Add ~습니다 after 겠.

저는 밥을 먹겠습니다 = I will eat rice (먹다 + 겠습니다) 저는 집에 가겠습니다 = I will go home (가다 + 겠습니다) 저는 선생님을  보겠습니다 = I will see the teacher (보다 + 겠습니다) 저는 문을 열겠습니다 = I will open the door (열다 + 겠습니다) 저는 한국어를 공부하겠습니다 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + 겠습니다)

Plain

Add ~다 after 겠. 

나는 밥을 먹겠다 = I will eat rice (먹다 + 겠다) 나는 집에 가겠다 = I will go home (가다 + 겠다) 나는 선생님을  보겠다 = I will see the teacher (보다 + 겠다) 나는 문을 열겠다 = I will open the door (열다 + 겠다) 나는 한국어를 공부하겠다 = I will study Korean (공부하다 + 겠다)

*Two verbs that are often conjugated in the future tense without actually having a meaning in the future tenses are 알다 (to know) and 모르다 (to not know). 알다 and 모르다 are often conjugated to 알겠다 or 모르겠다. Although they are conjugated to the future tense, those two words are typically used to express that somebody knows/doesn’t know something in the present tense.

Resources:

How to Study Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 5

How to Study Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 6

How to Study Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 9

Talk to Me in Korean: Level 1 Lesson 16

Talk to Me in Korean: Level 1 Lesson 17

TTMIK Level 2 Lesson 1. Future Tense / -ㄹ/을 거예요, 할 거예요

TTMIK Level 3 Lesson 6. Future Tenses / -(으)ㄹ 거예요 vs -(으)ㄹ게요

TTMIK Level 5 Lesson 16. Narrative Present Tense in Korean / -(ㄴ/는)다

#노트 #문법 #동사 #일반 #한국어 #korean #notes #grammar #verbs #regular #conjugation

[iamlearningkorean]

Question!!

Hello! I’m currently studying verbs and I just found out that the verb 걷다 (to walk) has a regular (걷어요, 걷었어요, 걷을 거예요) AND irregular (걸어요, 걸었어요, 걸을 거예요) form!! 

It looks like, 썰다 (to cut) and 굽다 (to roast/grill) has a regular and irregular form too!

When do you use each of these forms? Thank you for your answer~~

Also, what’s the difference between 쓰다, 입다, and 신다?  

Again, thank you for your answer :)

#한국어 #한국 #한국어배우기 #한국어공부 #korean #learning korean #question #korea #한국 동사 #동사 #personal

[frenchlilcoconut]

Vocabulary from Videos - #1 Polymer Clay Tutorial

I’m starting a new series of vocabulary lists, using the same idea as my friend from the blog dailykoreanselfstudy - (thank you so much for being supportive !) - who makes Korean - French vocab lists. If you speak french too, go follow her blog !

I know this video is about a super specific topic, and that not everyone might be into it, but there might be some words you could use in different contexts so it might still be useful !

I chose this video because I’m stuck at my parents’ home, and my mother has a whole bunch of polymer clay blocks, in various colors, and many tools as well, that she hasn’t used in ages. So since I’m really into arts and crafts, I’d like to try my hands at it. I’ve binge watched many tutorial videos before starting, and Youtube started recommending me Korean videos too, so here’s one that shows how to create beautiful faux stones !

클레이로 원석 만들기/ Imitation Stone Making Polymer Clay Tutorial

한국어 // English // French

명사 // Nouns // Noms

폴리머 클레이 // Polymer clay // Argile polymère

케인 // cane // cane

원석 // gemstone // pierre précieuse

그라데이션 // gradient // dégradé

작업 // piece of work // ouvrage

방법 // method // méthode

반죽 // dough // pâte

방향 // direction // sens

검정색 // black // noir

틈새 // crack // fissure

양면 // both side // les deux côtés

패턴 // pattern // motif

도구 // tool // outil

파스타 마신 // pasta machine // machine à pâte

칼 // knife // couteau

아크릴 롤러 // acrylic roller // rouleau en acrylique

별 모양 // star shape // forme d’étoile

물방울 모양 // water drop shape // forme de goutte d’eau

부사 // Adverbs // Adverbes

대충 // roughly // grossièrement

원래 // originally // au départ

동사 // Verbs // Verbes

자르다 // to cut // couper

돌리다 // to turn // tourner

넣다 // to put in // insérer

납작하다 // to be flat // être plat

합치다 // to combine // joindre

말랑말랑하다 // to be soft // être mou

뾰족하다 // to be sharp // être pointu

평탄하다 // to be flat // être plat

얇다 // to be thin // être fin

A few sentences // Quelques phrases

계속 접어서 넣고를 반복해주세요 // Keep folding and repeat. // Continuez de plier et répéter.

절반을 접고 제일 잛은 걸 파스타 마신 1번으로 이렇게 길게 만들어줄게요. // Fold it in half and make it this long with [the setting n°1] of the pasta machine. // Pliez [la pâte] en deux et rendez-la longue comme ça avec [le cran] 1 de la machine à pâte.

이 넓이만큼 눌려주세요 // Press it this wide. // Pressez-la aussi large que ceci.

비슷한 크기로 // In a similar size // A une taille similaire

이 칼을 뒤집어서 누를 수도 있는데 손이 다칠 위험이 있거든요 그래서 저는 철자를 쓰도록 할게요. // You can flip this knife over and press it, but it could hurt your hand, so I'll use a ruler. // Vous pouvez retourner ce couteau et appuyer dessus, mais cela pourrait vous faire mal à la main, alors je vais utiliser une règle.

진짜 원석 같은 느낌이 되죠 // It feels like a real gemstone. // C'est comme une vraie pierre précieuse.

~~~

I hope it’ll be useful and that you’ll like it !

If you like this type of vocab list based on videos (or even if you don’t), leave a comment to let me know !

Please stay safe everyone, and take care of yourselves !

#langblr #Korean langblr #korean #english #french #vocabulary #list #polymerclay #tutorial #koreanstudynetwork

[koreansoulari]

20 Common Korean Verbs: Part 2😊 Part 1 was posted on February 10 동사- verb #korean #korea #koreanlanguage #koreanstudy #koreanlearning #language #koreanwords #koreangrammar #koreansoul #koreansoulstudy #studygram #studyinspo #한국어공부 #한국어 #한국말 #한국말공부 #studygram #studyingkorean #learnkoreanlanguage #koreanvocab #koreanvocabulary #koreanaesthetic #koreans #koreanculture #koreangirl #한국어배우기 #한국어를 (at Koreatown, Palisades Park) https://www.instagram.com/p/B_7wvMQBwUt/?igshid=6mrohgwkq55o

#korean #korea #koreanlanguage #koreanstudy #koreanlearning #language #koreanwords #koreangrammar #koreansoul #koreansoulstudy #studygram #studyinspo #한국어공부 #한국어 #한국말 #한국말공부 #studyingkorean #learnkoreanlanguage #koreanvocab #koreanvocabulary #koreanaesthetic #koreans #koreanculture #koreangirl #한국어배우기 #한국어를

[thdgpdba]

20 11 03

하 ,, 요즘 잘 굴러간다 싶었음.

오늘 페인팅 수업 과제 중간 점검 햇는디..

말 바보 같이했다.

아니 내가 바보긴 한데 그래도 정규교육은 다 이수한 바보란 말임..

그래서 쨋든.. 바보인거 티 안내고 잘 살고 있었다고 생각하는데..

교수가.. 이제 중간점검 다 하고 마지막 질문타임 하는데

학생들이 수업참여도가 낮다고 애들이 다 조용하다고

어떻게 하면 좋을지 물어보는겅미..

그래서 난 졸라 당황했다. (왜냐면 내가 수업시간에 죽은듯이 조용히잇는 포지션이기땜에)

상상도 못한 질문이고 내가 그 요인이기땜에

그리고 솔직히 수업참여를 열심히 하고 싶지도 않다.

적당히 듣고 적당히 점수따고 적당히 졸업하는게 목푠데

나보고 어케 할지 묻는거다. ..( 근데 나한테만 물어본게 아니라 발표한 애들한테 다 물어본것같음)

ㅇ ㅐ.. 쨋든 여기서 아돈노쏘리. ㅇㅈㄹ 하면 왠지

점수가 깎일 것 같은거다!!!

글서. 머리를 존나 굴렷다.

대답을 했는데,, 내 머리로 굴려봦자 머가 나오겟니

게다가 당황한 상태라서 말 졸라 바보 유딩처럼 함

(유딩혐오발언아님)

문법 다 나가리 되고... 조사 동사 명사 다 뒤죽박죽에

한국어 문법도 영어 문법도 아닌 무언갈 ..

소리쳤다.

교수가 듣더니

존나 웃었다 ...

“하하하하 오케이 땡큐”

난 .. 울었다.

[studykorean101]

Hello! I have a language question. So 뽀뽀 is "kiss" in Korean, but like a cheek peck between friends, or parent & child, etc. "Kiss" between lovers is 키스, phonetically spelling out the English word "kiss" in hangul. Is there not a Korean word for a romantic kiss other than that?

Hello! The short answer to your question: no

The long answer is: yes but no

Let me explain! When we talk about 뽀뽀, this is also just a cute way to say “kiss”. While yes, you usually say this to your friends, family, kin, etc., it’s really just the cute way of asking for a kiss on the cheek (you can ask anyone for a 뽀뽀 but I can’t guarantee they’re going to be very welcoming of this request). 

As for 키스, it’s less about the fact that it’s phonetic (phonetics refers to sounds and not letters) but rather just an example of borrowing the word from English. When we have something like “Konglish” or even “Chinglish”, it’s not that the word is phonetically "spelled” in that language, but rather borrowed and changed in order to fit that language’s phonetic inventory (sounds of that language) and orthography (written aspect). So, 키스 is, indeed, the Korean word for a romantic “kiss”, it’s just borrowed from English.

So, to answer your main question about there being another way: yes, there is another way, but it’s not used and it’s pretty uncommon. You could say:

입(을) 맞추다 (v.) - to kiss (each other)

입맞춤 (n.) - a kiss

This type of kiss, however, is much more *inappropriate*. It refers to “smacking” or “tongue hockey” (at least, this is what I’ve been lead to believe by my Korean friends and told to very much avoid). 

I hope this answered your question! If you’re still confused, send me a PM and I’ll try my hardest to help you out! Best of luck on your Korean journey!

Happy Learning :) 

~ SK101

#ask #korean language #korean lang blog #korean language blog #korean langblr #klangblr #korean blog #kblr #korean verb #learn korean #study korean #korean #korean ask #korean language ask #what's the difference? #한국어 #한국어 배우기 #한국어 공부하기 #한국어 동사 #한국어 문화 #한국어 문법 #키스 vs. 뽀뽀

[mellowmyra]

번역하는 한국어 이야기 (연습) #3

📄 제가 영어 번역:

TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean)

Today I took the TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean) at the Korean Educational Institute. I could not sleep properly due to my anxiety about the test. I woke up at 6 a.m., did gymnastics, and washed my face. Also, at 7 a.m., I ate breakfast and headed off to the (Korean Educational) institute.

I entered the classroom. It seemed like all of the students were nervous.

In the 1st period, there was a vocabulary, grammar, and writing test. I wrote my name on the answer sheet using the marker pen, wrote down the test number, and started solving the questions. The questions, however, were not so difficult. In the 2nd period, there was the listening and reading field (of the test), but maybe since I often met with Korean people, the listening portion was very easy. Despite that, I was short on time for the reading portion. The sentences were long, and there were many words I didn't know. Regardless of any possibility, I had no confidence in the reading section.

📝 제가 배운것

문법

A/V ~어/아/여서 그런지 = maybe (due to abc), probably (due to abc)

아무래도~ = regardless~ (of any possibility)

동사/형용사

모자라다 (adj) = to be short of, to be deficient of

명사

교육 = education

(한국교육)원 = center

불안감 = anxiety

체조 = gymnastics

(1)교시 = (1st) class period

어휘 = vocabulary

답안지 = answer sheet

컴퓨터용 = answer marker (pen)

풀기 = solve

영역 = field (of work), area (of work), section, domain..

자신 = (self) confidence

부사

체대로 = properly, correctly

**T/N

제가 몇몇 단어가 이미 알았던 것 있었는데 그 때는 의미가 생각이 안 났어요.. 잊었네요. ㅠㅠ 그래도 쓰기로 했어요. 아 그리고 "T/N"에 첫 번째 문장은 자신이 없어서 실수했으면 댓글에 남겨주세요. 저는 도움이 받고 있는 열려요.

그게 다예요 ! 다음 이야기는 아주아주 길 수도 있고 어려울 수도 있어요.. 다음 번에 새로운 배우는 것을 기대돼요.~

그럼, 다음에 봐요 !

마이라 💙

#쓰기 연습 #langblr #한국어 연습 #korean studyblr #한국어 일기 #language learning #studyblr #korean study blog

[milkcocoahkorean]

Hey, guys! I’ve only been doing this blog for a number of months now, and I was really excited to reach 1,000 followers last month. I want to keep making content like this and more kinds of content. That’s why I have put together a little PDF of vocabulary that I think will be helpful. I’ve been working on it for probably over a month now and spent a lot of time making it as clear as possible.

I have included basic nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and emotions. I wrote examples for all the verbs and emotions and many others. I have included example sentences and notes on any words that might not be straightforward when translated into English. It’s in no way a comprehensive list, but it should be a great place to start. Even if you’re not a beginner, check it out. It’s a great way to review. I promise that each and every word will be worth knowing.

The nouns include people, places and things. If you add verbs and adverbs, you’ll know plenty of words to start making all kinds of practice sentences. 

Let me know if you like it. I’ve started working on a practice “workbook” kind of PDF to go along with this one. But, if you guys don’t want it, let me know, because I can focus my time on making more posts instead.^^ 

And it’s probably a bad idea to post this on a Monday, but I can’t wait any longer~ I wanted to share it with you all for so long! I hope you find it helpful!

Get out there and start making practice sentences!!

Without further ado, here is the link. 

Best wishes and much love,

Milkcocoah Korean

#Korean #Learn Korean #Study Korean #한국어공부 #한국어 배우기 #한국어 #한국말 #한국어공부중 #한국 #한국어 단어 #한국어 어휘 #감정 #형용사 #동사 #명사 #연습 #Korea #Korean language #Korean vocab #langlr #kpop #kdrama #bts

[koreanstudyjunkie]

LANGUAGE LEARNING VOCABULARY WORDS

Every Korean Learner Should Know These Words

⚠️example sentences below

THE LIST:

Verb - 동사

Noun - 명사

Adjective - 형용사

Adverb - 부사

Native Speaker - 원어민

Foreign Language - 외국어

Native Language; Mother Tongue - 모국어

Sentence - 문장

Grammar - 문법

Vocabulary - 단어

Dictionary - 사전

To Translate - 번역하다

Present (Tense) - 현재(시제)

Past (Tense) - 과거(시제)

Future (Tense) - 미래(시제)

What Does 'blank' Mean?

'--'이/가 무슨 뜻이예요?

EXAMPLES:

📓동사

'Run'은 동사이다.

'Run' is a verb.

그 동사는 현재이다

The verb is in the present.

📓명사

명사는 사람, 장소 또는 사물입니다.

A noun is a person, place, or thing.

명사, 동사, 형용사 등은 품사다

Nouns, verbs, adjectives and so on are parts of speech.

📓형용사

이 문장에서 무엇이 형용사입니까?

In this sentence, what is adjective?

어느 형용사가 그 대통령을 가장 잘 묘사하고 있는가?

Which adjective best describes the president?

📓부사

walk slowly에서 부사인 slowly는 동사인 walk를 수식한다

In ‘walk slowly’, the adverb ‘slowly’ modifies the verb ‘walk’.

📓원어민

한국에서 일하는 많은 원어민 영어 선생님들이 있어요.

There are many native English teachers working in Korea.

그녀는 프랑스어를 원어민처럼 말합니다

She speaks French like a native.

📓외국어

다른 외국어도 구사할 수 있습니까?

By the way, can you speak any other foreign languages?

외국어를 배우는 것은 재미있어요.

It is fun to learn a foreign language.

📓모국어

저는 그녀에게 그녀의 모국어로 말해봤습니다

I tried speaking to her in her native tongue.

📓문장

아이는 아직 불완전한 문장을 쓴다.

The kid is still writing imperfect sentences.

다음 문장을 한국말로 옮기시오

Translate the following sentence into Korean.

📓문법

나는 어린이들에게 문법을 가르치는 것이 중요하다고 생각해요.

I think it’ s important for children to be taught grammar.

그 책은 문법을 평이하고 명확하게 설명하다

The book explains grammar simply and clearly.

📓단어

그 단어의 철자를 불러 주세요.

Please spell that word for me.

내가 알고 있는 한국어 단어는 많지 않아

My Korean vocabulary is very small.

📓사전

사전은 어학 공부에 많은 참고가 된다

A dictionary is very useful[helpful] in studying language.

이 사전은 "동사"라는 단어를 "v"로 표기해서 축약합니다

This dictionary abbreviates the word "verb" by using "v."

📓번역하다

영어를 한국어로 번역하세요

Please translate English into Korean

그는 영어를 한국어로 번역하여 많은 돈을 벌어

He earns lots of money from translating English into Korean.

📓현재(시제)/ 과거(시제)/ 미래(시제)

여러분은 과거, 현재, 아니면 미래에 살고 있나요?

Are you living in the past, present, or future?

지수는 영어 수업에서 미래 시제에 대해서 배웠다.

Jisoo learned about future tense in English class.

영어에서 현재 시제는 어떻게 표현하나요?

How do you express the present tense in English?

넌 과거 시제를 써야[사용해야] 해

You have to use the past tense.

Audio:

#korean language #korean langblr #korean vocab #korean vocab list #korean vocabulary #korean words #한국어 #영어단어 #영어공부 #영어 #한국어 단어

[aja-aja-hanja]

~고 해서 {아자 문법 9화}

유형: 동사 + 고 해서

메모:

연결어미 

과서 가능

사용 1:

뜻:

앞부분에 뒤 문장의 원인을 설명하기

예문:

>세 학기도 시작했고 해서 한국어 공부를 시작했어요.

사용 2:

뜻:

“not only, but also”의 뜻 가진다 - 자주 <<동사고 다른 동사고 해 서>> 쓴다.

예문:

>배도 그프고 해서 목도 마르고 해서 하던 일을 멈추고 밖으로 나갔다.

Form: verb stem + 고 해서

Notes:

conjunction

past tense is possible

Use 1:

Meaning:

In the former portion, the cause of the second clause is explained.

Example sentence:

>세 학기도 시작했고 해서 한국어 공부를 시작했어요.

....The new semester started so (I) started studying Korean.

Use 2:

Meaning:

similar to “not only, but also” - often is used as  <<V1고 V2고 해 서>>

Example sentence:

>배도 그프고 해서 목도 마르고 해서 하던 일을 멈추고 밖으로 나갔다.

....Not only was I hungry but also thirsty, so I stopped what I had been working on and went outside.

#korean #korean language #Korean Study #korean grammar #aja aja grammar #conjunction #similar to: since

[trangs-studyblr]

이다 (to be), 아니다 (to not be)

이다

이다 is used to indicate when a noun is another noun. 

I am a man I는 man이다 나는 남자이다 (unconjugated)

Unlike English, 이다 is NOT used with adjectives.

I am pretty. I는 pretty이다

As seen above, the verb is attached directly to the object of the sentence (second noun). If the noun ends in a consonant, the the verb ending starting with 이 is used. If the noun ends in a vowel, the other verb ending is used.

*되다 means “to become” and can be used interchangeably with 이다 in the future tense (discussed further below)

아니다

아니다 is the opposite of 이다 and means for a noun to not be another noun. Unlike 이다, 아니다 is not attached directly to the object. An object marking particle (이/가) should be added to the noun but sometimes it is omitted in colloquial situations because it is implied. 

I am not a man I는 man가 아니다 나는 남자가 아니다 (unconjugated)

To conjugate 아니다 in the present tense, add the same 이다 verb ending to 아니 that is used for nouns ending with vowels. In other tenses, 아니다 is conjugated like any other verb. In the future tense, you can also use the negative conjugation of 되다 interchangeably with 아니다.

*Colloquially, Koreans sometimes use: 였 instead of 었 **Koreans can get confused if they need to add “~예요” or “~에요” to 아니다 so you may see “아니예요.”

Examples for all the conjugations can be seen below.

Present Tense

~ (이)야 = informal

나는 학생이야 = I am a student 나는 의사야 = I am a doctor

나는 학생이 아니야 = I am not a student 나는 의사가 아니야 = I am not a doctor

~ (이)예요 = polite

저는 학생이에요 = I am a student 저는 의사예요 = I am a doctor

저는 학생이 아니에요 = I am not a student 저는 의사가 아니예요 = I am not a doctor

~  입니다 = formal

저는 학생입니다 = I am a student 저는 의사입니다 = I am a doctor*

저는 학생이 아닙니다 = I am not a student 저는 의사가 아닙니다 = I am not a doctor

*Speaking: for words ending in vowels, eliminate ~이 and attach ~ㅂ니다 directly to the word

Past Tense

~ [이었 / 였]어 = informal

나는 학생이었어 = I was a student 나는 의사였어 = I was a doctor

나는 학생이 아니었어 = I was not a student 나는 의사가 아니었어 = I was not a doctor

~ [이었 / 였]어요 = polite

저는 학생이었어요 = I was a student 저는 의사였어요 = I was a doctor

저는 학생이 아니었어요 = I was not a student 저는 의사가 아니었어요 = I was not a doctor

~ [이었 / 였]습니다 = formal

저는 학생이었습니다 = I was a student 저는 남자였습니다 = I was a doctor

저는 학생이 아니었습니다 = I was not a student 저는 의사가 아니었습니다 = I was not a doctor

Future Tense

There are two verbs that can be used to mean “to be” in the future: 이다 and 되다.

이다 = to be

~ ㄹ 거야 = informal

나는 학생일 거야 = I will be a student 나는 의사일 거야 = I will be a doctor

나는 학생 아닐 거야 = I will not be a student 나는 의사 아닐 거야 = I will not be a doctor

~ ㄹ 거예요 = polite

저는 학생일 거예요 = I will be a student 저는 의사일 거예요 = I will be a doctor

저는 학생 아닐 거예요 = I will not be a student 저는 의사 아닐 거예요 = I will not be a doctor

~ ㄹ 겁니다 = formal

저는 학생일 겁니다 = I will be a student 저는 남자일 겁니다 = I will be a doctor

저는 학생 아닐 겁니다 = I will not be a student 저는 의사 아닐 겁니다 = I will not be a doctor

되다 = to become

되다 means “to become” and indicates that prior to that time, the situation was different. 

저는 선생님이었어요 = I was a teacher

저는 선생님이 되었어요 = I became a teacher (indicates that – before you were not a teacher – but then you became a teacher.)

Because of the nature of 되다, its meaning is the same to 이다 in the future tense and can be used interchangeably.

Note that unlike 이다, the object of the sentence is marked with a subject marker (이/가) and 되다 is separated into a new word.

~ 될 거야 = informal

나는 학생이 (안) 될 거야 = I will (not) be a student 나는 의사가 (안) 될 거야 = I will (not) be a doctor

나는 학생이 될지 않을 거야 = I will not be a student 나는 의사가 될지 않을 거야 = I will not be a doctor

~ 될 거예요 = polite

저는 학생이 (안) 될 거예요 = I will (not) be a student 저는 의사가 (안) 될 거예요 = I will (not) be a doctor

저는 학생이 될지 않을 거예요 = I will not be a student 저는 의사가 될지 않을 거예요 = I will not be a doctor

~ 될 겁니다 = formal

저는 학생이 (안) 될 겁니다 = I will (not) be a student 저는 남자가 (안) 될 겁니다 = I will (not) be a doctor

저는 학생이 될지 않을 겁니다 = I will not be a student 저는 의사가 될지 않을 겁니다 = I will not be a doctor

When making the negative form of a 되다 sentence, you can just add 안 or ~지 않다 just like with any other verb or adjective. 

~일 거이다 used to guess about a situation in the present

By using the future ~ㄹ/을 것이다 conjugation on 이다, the speaker can also create a sentence that indicates they are guessing about a certain situation in the present tense.

그 사람이 의사일 거야 = That person is probably/most likely a doctor 그것은 여권일 거예요 = That thing is probably/most likely a passport 문제는 돈일 거예요 = The problem is probably/most likely money

These sentences as well can be said using 아니다 instead of 이다:

그 사람이 의사 아닐 거야 = That person is probably/most likely not a doctor 그 것은 여권이 아닐 거예요 = That thing is probably/most likely not a passport 문제는 돈 아닐 거예요 = The problem is probably/most likely not money

Notice that in these cases the speaker is not talking about him/herself. Also, even though the sentence is conjugated into the future tense, the speaker is guessing that something is the case in the present tense. Thus, it is weird to include time indicators in these sentences (for example “next year” or “in a few months from now”) because the speaker is not trying to create this meaning.

“How can I distinguish if somebody is saying one of these ‘guessing’ sentences or saying ‘something will become something’?” Understanding Korean is all about context – and the situation almost always makes it clear what the speaker wants to express.

When ~이~ in 이다 can be removed when attaching a grammatical principle

Whenever 이다 is attached to a noun that ends in a consonant, ~이~ should be included when attaching another grammatical principle to 이다.

선생님이고 선생님이면 선생님이거든 선생님이잖아

When adding these grammatical principles to 이다 that is attached to a noun ending in a vowel, ~이~ can be omitted because it is blending with the pronunciation of the noun and grammatical principle.

의사(이)고 의사(이)면 의사(이)거든 의사(이)잖아

When the noun ends in a vowel, the tongue can flow immediately from the noun to the upcoming grammatical principle, and the pronunciation isn’t altered. Because of this, including and not including ~이~ are both seen as correct.

However, if we did the same thing with nouns ending in a consonant, not only can your tongue not flow properly from the noun to the grammatical principle, the pronunciation is significantly different. Therefore, omitting ~이~ would be incorrect.

Try pronouncing 의사이고 vs 의사고 and listen to how small the difference is. Now try 선생님이고 vs 선생님고 and listen to how large the difference is (and also realize that it is hard to say)

This same idea can be applied to the past tense conjugation of 이다. When conjugating 이다 to the past tense and then attaching an additional grammatical principle, ~이~ can merge with the pronunciation of the grammatical principle if the noun ends in a vowel.

의사였고 (or 의사이었고) 의사였으면 (or 의사이었으면) 의사였거든 (or 의사이었거든) 의사였잖아 (or 의사이었잖아)

However, ~이~ cannot merge with the pronunciation of an upcoming grammatical principle if the noun ends in a consonant.

선생님이었고 (not 선생님였고 or 선생님었고) 선생님이었으면 (not 선생님였으면 or 선생님었으면)

The same phenomenon happens when quoting with 이다. When adding ~(이)라고 to 이다, if the noun ends in a vowel:

의사(이)라고

However, if adding ~(이)라고 to 이다 and the noun ends in a consonant, it can only be:

선생님이라고 (and not 선생님라고)

Resources:

Talk to Me in Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 5

Talk to Me in Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 6

Talk to Me in Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 8

How to Study Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 1

How to Study Korean: Unit 1 Lesson 9

HTSK Unit 3 Lesson 52: Quoting in Korean (~ㄴ/는다고)

#노트 #문법 #동사 #불규칙 #한국어 #korean #notes #grammar #verbs #irregular #기초 #basics #negative