Play along: Amrev codebreaker!
While browsing through some primary materials reading up about John Laurens’ mission to France as special minister to the court of Versailles, I came across a letter that he wrote to the president of the Continental Congress on 9 April 1781 that included a coded message using a numerical cipher.
I took a shot at deciphering it – here’s the process I followed, and you can play along too!
1. The first step, of course, was to determine which specific encryption was being used. After a bit of digging, I came across the immensely useful United States diplomatic codes and ciphers, 1775-1938 by Ralph E Weber. He explains that the cipher in question was “prepared on separate encode and decode sheets, the latter contained 660 printed numbers, with usually 600 words, syllables, and letters of the alphabet scattered randomly throughout the sheet.” So, for example, the word “congress” is “143”, the syllable “el” is “593” and the letter “r” is “215”. This cipher was an updated and improved version of the one used by Benjamin Tallmadge, and Weber explains that Laurens was the first one to use it. Weber also handily provides the decode table in an appendix.
2. The second step was to design an efficient way to decode the hundreds of numbers Laurens used in his letter, and the obvious answer was my good friend the spreadsheet. I transferred the table from the book to Google Sheets, which was mildly tedious but hugely time-saving later on.
3. Now the fun part! I typed out the numbers from Laurens’ letter, and then used a simple LOOKUP formula to match the number to the decoded text.
The cipher also includes two nuances - an underscore beneath the word means a plural, and an overscore denotes adding an “e” - so I marked these in the cells with pink and green highlights respectively.
4. The final step was correcting a few errors in my table, refining the decoding (some numbers have various iterations to save space, such as 103 which can be any one of “ec/eck/ek” depending on which syllable is needed), and extracting the final text.
It all reads very smoothly, with the singular exception of “ght-f-t”, which is the way Laurens rendered the word “gift”. The obvious explanation for this mangle is that he mis-wrote 340 (ght) instead of 170 (gi).
That’s definitely 340, 304, 196 which decodes as “ght-f-t”.
While it seems like a strange error to make, bear in mind that the encoding sheet (the one Laurens was using to change plaintext into numbers) would have been listed in alphabetical order to make finding the numbers easier (while the person at the other end has the sheet in numerical order, to reverse the process just as easily). And when we sort alphabetically, we can see that 340 and 170 are right next to each other:
A simple slip to make for someone writing coded letters late at night in low candlelight.
If you want to play along:
Here’s the code/decode spreadsheet.
And here is the transcribed text (underlines for plurals, asterisk for added “e”). I've given the solution under the cut!
I have employed the most unremitting efforts to obtain a prompt and favorable decision relative to the object of my mission_ 381, 304, 543, 437, 366, 377, 276, 75, 75, 226, 269, 385, 426, 377, 17, 465, 197, 481, 428, 593, 381, 355, 153, 278*, 428, 333, 70, 18, 405, 184, 226, 291, 197, 376, 524, 330, 446, 362, 449, 143
The Count de Vergennes communicated to me yesterday his most Christian Majesty's determination to guarantee 381, 59, 594, 18, 9, 205, 330, 497, 254, 401, 376, 503, 306, 503, 467, 428, 226, 236, 330, 278*, 245, 205, 506, 99, 376, 381, 381, 256, 184, 90, 340, 304, 196
...and the value of the military effects which may be furnished from the Royal Arsenal, 418, 330, 497, 428, 197, 380, 377, 196, 376, 45, 278, 245, 205
I shall use my utmost endeavours to procure an immediate 467, 208, 491, 18, 278*, 9, 205, 45, 278, 42, 381, 230, 215, 355, 18, 237, 330, 497*, 215, 167, 290, 377, 376, 341, 278, 182, 302, 75, 376, 59, 594, and shall renew my solicitations for the 357, 34, 197, 18, 203, 291, 491, 481, 484, 34, 325, 89, 113, 392, 197, 269, 336, 458, 278*, 97, 18, 245, 205 may not be 126, 21, 215, 497, 376, 341, 296, 75, 477, 226, 103, 196, 481, 278*, 483, 215, 553, 75*, 18, 238, 377, 59, 374, 478, the providing this article I fear will be attended with great difficulties and delays as all the 476, 490, 481, 36, 228, 351, 392, 226, 197, 18, 237, are remote from the sea, and there are no 441, 420, 50, 563, 503, 197, 18, 377, 59, 278, suitable to our purposes.
The cargo of the Marquis de la Fayette will I hope arrive safe under the convoy of the Alliance_ 481, 341, 78, 465, 75, 426, 408, 596, 115, 76, 376, 174, 196*, 291, 103, 197, 75, 75, 184, 226, 197, 281, 5, 171, 278*, 428, 593, 381, 355, 492, 194, 236, 376, 45, 574, 408, 504, 366, 381, 506, 197, 197, 193, 213, 75, 197, 199, 291, 377, 197
The Marquis de Castries has engaged to make immediate arrangements for the safe transportation of the pecuniary and the other succours destined for the United States_ 481, 350, 215, 167, 450, 196, 376, 34, 381, 75, 473, 376, 76*, 458, 278*, 72, 208, 449, 577, 114, 89, 405, 486, 497, 197, 113, 126, 34, 361, 376, 269, 278*, 277, 291, 104, 381, 113, 278*, 401, 230, 408, 550, 552, 342, 291
Have fun!
I have employed the most unremitting efforts to obtain a prompt and favorable decision relative to the object of my mission_ after many discussions, difficulties and delays with the details of which it is needless to trouble congress.
The Count de Vergennes communicated to me yesterday his most Christian Majesty's determination to guarantee a loan of ten millions to be opened in Holland in addition to the six millions granted as a gracious gift.
...and the value of the military effects which may be furnished from the Royal Arsenal are to be deducted from the six million.
I shall use my utmost endeavours to procure an immediate advance of the ten millions from the treasury of France to be replaced by the proposed loan,
and shall renew my solicitations for the supplies of the ordinance and military stores on credit that the present of six millions may not be absorbed by thousands objects and the purchase of necessary clothing
the providing this article I fear will be attended with great difficulties and delays as all the wool and manufactories of France are remote from the sea, and there are no
public magazines of cloth suitable to our purposes.
The cargo of the Marquis de la Fayette will I hope arrive safe under the convoy of the Alliance_ and by satisfying our immediate necessities prevent the delays above-mentioned from having any disagreeable consequences
The Marquis de Castries has engaged to make immediate arrangements for the safe transportation of the pecuniary and the other succours destined for the United States_ and has repeatedly assured me that the naval superiority which will be established on the American coast the ensuing campaign
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any chance of an updated list?
Of course!!
Also, this is the NEW and FUCKING IMPROVED LIST, I alphabetized it so it’s even better than before >:3
Currently, we have 340 unique characters (if I counted right) and 487 total submissions. The top three most submitted fandoms are Homestuck, Danganronpa, and One Piece, excluding submissions that were spelt wrong or spelt differently. The top three submitted characters are Haiji Towa, Vriska Serket, and Stella Goeta (stella has so many submissions it’s funny)!
Finally, this is the raw, unedited list of characters submitted so far. Just because they are here doesn’t mean they’ll be in the tournament; it just means they’ve been submitted, regardless of media or what character they are!
as always, list under the cut!
This first list is for characters with two or more submissions. Characters who have three or more submissions will get first dibs in the tournament!
Akechi Goro
Akio Ohtori / Himemiya
Anakin Skywalker
Ansem the Wise
April O’Neil (2012)
Ardyn Izunia
Ayin
Azula
Bill Cipher
Boston
Bramblestar
Buzz McCallister
Caillou
Chibiusa
Childe
Cici
Cullen Rutherford
Darkstalker
Dazai Osamu
Dio
Dio (Zero Escape)
Donald Trump
Donquixote Doflamingo
Dr. John ‘Jack’ Seward
Drannus
Eichi Tenshouin
Elias Bouchard/Jonah Magnus
Eridan Ampora
Evan Hansen
Every Genshin Impact Character Ever
Glenn Quagmire
George Wickham
Greg Heffley
Haiji Towa
Happosai
Her Imperious Condescension
Higashikata Josuke
Huey Emmerich
Ibara Saegusa
Izzy Hands
JD
Jace Herondale / Wayland / Lightwood / Morgenstern
Jin Guangyao
John Gaius
Julia Mazzone
Junko Enoshima
Jurgen Leitner
Katsuki Bakugo
Kokichi Ouma
Kristoph Gavin
Kromer
Kusaka Masato
Kylo Ren
Kyubey
Lance Dubois
Le’garde
Live Action Buggy
Makima
Mal
Marvin Falsettos
Meenah Peixes
Merlin
Micah Bell
Michael
Minoru Mineta
Mr. Bungee
Pierce Hawthorne
Pierre
Princess Daisy
Ranpo Edogawa (Beast)
Regal Farseer
Ronaldo
Rose Quartz
Santa Claus
Sasuke Uchiha
Scrappy Doo
Sentinel Prime
Shiver
Shou Tucker
Simon
Simon Laurent
Sosuke Aizen
Spamton
Stella Goetia
Teddy / Kuma
The Maverick
The Metatron
The Once-Ler
Thistleclaw
Tony Stark
Tsumugi Aoba
Ty Betteridge
Val Velocity
Viren
Vriska Serkat
William Afton
c!Dream
Ōchi Fukuchi
The next list is for characters only submitted once. If you want these characters to have a higher chance of being added to the tournament, feel free to submit more propaganda for them!
Absalom
Abyss Sibling
Adam
Agamemnon
Airy
Akane
Akito Shinonome
Akito Sohma
Alastor
Alexander Hamilton
Ali Lectric
All For One
Aloise Trancy
Anatole Kuragin
Angel Dust
Anne Hathaway
Any Character From Welcome to Nightvale
Anyone From The Locked Tomb
Aranea Serkat
Ashfur
Astarion
Asuka
Bella Swan
Ben Jackson Walker
Betsy Wolfe
Billy
Billy Hargrove
Black Pete
Blackbeard
Blitzo Buckzo
Booker
Box
Bro-Strider
Buck Cluck
Buzz (cheerios)
Byakuya Togami
Caesar Clown
Caliborn / Lord English
Captain Kuro
Cersei Iannister
Chloe Bourgeois
Chris McClain
Chrollo Lucifer
Cicero
Clara Oswald
Coco
Cozy Glow
Cynte
Damian Wayne
Dan Moroboshi
Dean Venture
Dean Winchester
Detective Saracusa
Dimitri Alexandre Blaiddyd
Disembodied Voice
Don Flamenco
Dr. Henry Miller
Drew
Duke
Edelgard
Elias Ainsworth
Elias Ainsworth
Elon Musk
Equius Zahhak
Erebus
Eric Cartman
Erlina and Brugaves
Eugene Coli
Every Single Country In 1993
Everyone In Romeo And Juliet
Father / Dwarf In The Glass
Feferi Peixes
Five
Five Pebbles
Floch
Foreman Oyun
France (Hetalia)
Fuyuhiko Kuzuryuu
Gamzee Makara
Georg Weissmann
God
Goeffry St. John
Gordon Blackwall
Graham Spector
Gra’ha Tia
Haiji Senri
Heath cliff
Henry Miller (OC)
Henry the Eighth
Himiko Toga
Hisoka
Hiyoko Saionji
Holly Blue Agate
House
Huey Laforet
Ianthe Tridentarius
Il Dottore
Inspector Tobias Greyson
Itsuki Shu
Izumi Sena
JJ
Jacopo Bearzatti
James T. Kirk
Jayne Cobb
Jiren
Joe Destefano
Johnny
Jonah Magnus
Jonathan Groff
Judith Ford / Natalie Cook
Judo
Julia
Julie-Sue
Ken
Kevin
Kusunoki Muu
Kyouichi Saionji
Ladd Russo
Lady Catherine de Bourgh
Lebreau Fermet Viralesque
Light Yagami
Liontari
Lotor
Louie
Louis
Luke
Mahiru Koizumi
Makoto Itou
Marie
Marlon
Mary Keay
Master Crown
Matou Shinji
Matpat
Me
Medusa Gorgon
Meredith Rodney McKay
Michael Scott
Miguel O’Hara
Millions Knives
Moash
Moeka Kiryuu
Monokubs (Except Monodam)
Mori Ougai
Morris
Mr. Collins
Ms. Valentine
Muu Kusunoki
Muzan Kibutsuji
Mystery Hunter (Jeremiah Hartley)
Nagito Komaeda
Nanami Kiryuu
Narumi
Natsumi Sakasaki
Nefera DeNile
Nickel
Nikola Tesla
Noor Pradesh
Ocelot
Octavian
Ogai Mori
Orochi
Otto Apocalypse
Paul Von Oberstein
Pencil
Petyr Baelish / Littlefinger
Prince Louis
Queen Scarlet
Quiche
Quill Kipps
Rafal (FEE)
Rafal (SGE)
Rafe Cameron
Randy
Raven Queen
Rebecca Costwolds
Redd White
Riley Finn
Roger
Rohan Kishibe
Roland
Roshi
Rumpelstiltskin
Ruruka Ando
Sakazuki Akainu
Sandy
Sanji
Sebastian Mechaelis
Sheldon Cooper
Shen Jiu
Shiki Tohno/Nanaya
Shinonomes (both)
Shredder
Sigma Klim
Silver Spoon
Skizzleman
Slayer
Solf J. Kimblee
So Sejima
Splinter
Stark Sands
Steven Universe
Stormcaller
Subara Akehoshi
Tatsumi Kazehaya
Teruhashi Makoto
Teruteru
The Eleventh Doctor
The Entirety Of Homestuck
The Groke
The Little Palace Mistress
The Mage
The New Ninja
The Old Palace Master
The Operator
The Pale King
Tim Drake
Tom Wambsgans
Tomaru Sawagoe
Touichiro Suzuki
Trishna
Tumblr Staff
Valens Van Varro
Verstael Besithia
Victor Frankenstein
Vivienne Medranno’s Impsona
Voice In The Calm Ad On Spotify
Volgin
Wanderer/Scaramouche
Wen Chao
Whiteout, Clearsight, and Benjamin
Will Shuester
Willy Stampler
Woodes Rogers
Xisuma
Yoshiharu Hisomu
Yu Ziyuan
Yumichika Ayasegawa
Yuri Briar
Zeke Jaeger
Zenos Galvus
Zhou Zishu
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SEPTEMBER ‘22 READINGS
I Smuggled My Laptop Past The Taliban So I Could Write This Story • prose
After the Zodiac Killer's '340' Cipher Stumped the FBI, Three Amateurs Made a Breakthrough • prose
An Essay About Watching Brad Pitt Eat That Is Really About My Own Shit • prose (tw: body image, bulimia mention)
Tea, Biscuits, and Empire: The Long Con of Britishness • prose
Five Gen Z traits transforming the world • prose
How to Embrace Doing Nothing • prose
Moral Panics Come and Go. Sex Bracelet Hysteria Is Forever • prose
‘I’m Broke and Mostly Friendless, and I’ve Wasted My Whole Life’ • prose
The Weird, Analog Delights of Foley Sound Effects • prose
The Boy Bosses of Silicon Valley Are on Their Way Out • prose
You don’t need to look perfect to work out • prose
Fourteen Ways of Looking • prose (tw: parental death, funerals)
How a Tourette’s Diagnosis Helped Me Understand Who I Am • prose
I Loved Bike Touring-Until I Got Paid to Do It • prose
The God Phone • prose (tw: suicide)
The introvert’s guide to actually enjoying a party • prose
‘Stay Away From Miller’ • prose (tw: pedophilia, sexual abuse, anxiety, trauma)
The Death Cheaters • prose
The four F’s of trauma response and the four Roy kids of Succession • prose
How Does a Caterpillar Turn into a Butterfly? • prose
...bagblurter, fizzwiggler, spitzwargler, spitzwoggler, buzzbunger... • list (of Roald Dahl’s made-up vocabulary from the made-up language of Gobblefunk from The BFG)
Smutty novels are blowing up BookTok - but why are their covers so discreet? • prose
Under My Kilt • prose (tw: homophobia)
A Weekend in the Woods With Crypto’s Cool Kids • prose
Whataboutism • prose
‘Date Me’ Google Docs and the Hyper-Optimized Quest for Love • prose
The Second Coming of Guru Jagat • prose
Fantasy Re-Armed • video playlist
129 Ways to Get a Husband • list
Failure to launch • prose (tw: mentions of sexual abuse)
Etched Into The Sticky Pages of Playboy, We Find Our Sexual Politic • prose
Don’t Surround Yourself With Admirers • prose
The big backlash • prose
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The Zodiac Killer is one of the most notorious and enigmatic serial killers in American history. Operating in Northern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Zodiac Killer is believed to have killed at least five people, although he claimed responsibility for as many as 37 murders. The Zodiac Killer's cryptic messages and ciphers added to the mystery of the case, and despite numerous investigations, the killer was never caught.
The Zodiac Killer's first confirmed murder was that of high school students Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday on December 20, 1968, in Benicia, California. Over the next two years, he would go on to kill at least three more people, and he is suspected of committing additional murders.
One of the most striking aspects of the Zodiac Killer's crimes was the cryptic messages he sent to the media and law enforcement. In letters to newspapers, the killer claimed responsibility for the murders and included cryptic messages and codes that he challenged authorities to decipher. One of the most famous of these messages was the "Zodiac Killer Cipher," a 340-character code that the killer sent to the San Francisco Chronicle in November 1969. It took more than 50 years for the code to be cracked, with a team of codebreakers finally deciphering it in 2020.
The Zodiac Killer also sent letters to the media in which he taunted law enforcement and revealed details about his crimes. In one letter, he claimed that killing people was his "pleasure," and he threatened to kill schoolchildren on a school bus. In another letter, he included a piece of cloth from one of his victims as proof of his crimes.
Despite numerous investigations and a massive manhunt, the Zodiac Killer was never caught. Many suspects were considered, including a man named Arthur Leigh Allen, who was the subject of the 2007 movie "Zodiac." However, no one was ever charged with the killings, and the case remains unsolved to this day.
The Zodiac Killer's cryptic messages and ciphers have added to the mystery and intrigue surrounding the case. They have also inspired numerous books, movies, and TV shows, including "Zodiac," "The Most Dangerous Animal of All," and "The Hunt for the Zodiac Killer."
The Zodiac Killer Cipher, also known as the 340 Cipher, is a 340-character code sent by the Zodiac Killer to the San Francisco Chronicle in November 1969. The cipher was one of several cryptic messages the Zodiac Killer sent to the media and law enforcement during his killing spree in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The cipher was solved in December 2020 by a team of amateur codebreakers, including David Oranchak, a software developer from Virginia, and a husband-and-wife team from Australia, Sam Blake and Dave Blake. The team used a combination of computer algorithms and good old-fashioned codebreaking techniques to crack the cipher, which had remained unsolved for over 50 years.
The cipher was a complex code that required a combination of letter substitution, transposition, and other cryptographic techniques to solve. The code consisted of 17 lines of seemingly random letters and symbols, and the killer had added a taunting message at the end of the cipher, in which he claimed that he was not afraid of the gas chamber and that he had his "fun" with the cipher.
The solution to the cipher revealed a message from the Zodiac Killer in which he claimed that he was not afraid of being caught and that he would not reveal his identity unless he was given a public forum to do so. He also claimed that he was collecting slaves for the afterlife and that they would be his slaves in the afterlife.
The Zodiac Killer Cipher was one of several cryptic messages the killer sent during his killing spree, and it added to the mystery and intrigue surrounding the case. The solution to the cipher in 2020 was a major breakthrough in the investigation, although it did not lead to the killer's identity being revealed. Despite the cipher's solution, the Zodiac Killer case remains unsolved, and the killer's identity remains a mystery.
In conclusion, the Zodiac Killer remains one of the most notorious and puzzling serial killers in American history. His cryptic messages and ciphers have added to the mystery of the case and have captivated the public's attention for decades. While the killer was never caught, the case remains open, and the possibility of a breakthrough in the investigation still exists.
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