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What do you think about what happened in 362? Any theories?
I actually do!
The first thing I need to say it's that I'm really happy Bakugo joined the fight against Shiggy-AFO, because I wanted him to fight along with Deku. Bakugo after all is like a second protagonist in bnha. He has shared the road with Deku right since the beginning, so every time one of them changes or grows, the other does to. It wouldn't be a real end without them both risking their absolute everything to win.
If you guys remember, I also predicted Bakugo joining the fight because originally, Horikoshi had planned the end of Heroes Rising to be the end of bnha. For those who don't know or don't remember, in Heroes Rising Bakugo and Deku share OFA in the final fight to defeat the enemy together. They were also in a precarious situation, with both their lives hanging by a thread.
So what's my theory about bnha 362?
Bakugo in this fight reminded me a lot of the fight of Rock Lee and Gaara lol. The whole fighting while still unconscious, the way he moved, the whole destroying himself in an attempt to win... But what caught my attention was the constant use of sparks or little lights. I know it represents Bakugo's quirk, but if you put it together with the fact he was seeing All Might as he appears in his vestige mode, and if you put it along with the comparison between Bakugo and the second vestige...
I think somehow Bakugo is gonna get saved by OFA. Maybe not in the way we could expect, but I'm confident this is not the end for Bakugo.
In bnha, death is also synonymous to redemption or change. For example, Tenko and Tomura, Touya and Dabi, Shirakumo and Kurogiri, Endeavor and Young Enji... If a character has been somehow wrong or bad before, or if a character has suffered and been beaten up by life, a near death experience could be the switch between an old version and a new one. It also applies to return to the old version: Shirakumo awakening inside Kurogiri, Dabi going back to Touya, Tenko awakening inside Tomura once AFO possessed him...
Normally, the people who die in bnha are on their most definitive version. I don't think that's the case with Bakugo. His story with Deku is not over yet. Also, not many main characters die in bnha (or maybe not main character has ever die in bnha?).
My point is: Horikoshi is building up the final fight correctly. There's tension, readers are scared or tense, things are bad and getting even worst. We need the greatest conflict yet in other to solve it with the best resolution. This is what iw going to turn the UA kids into legends, into the best heroes in the world.
And even if OFA doesn't play a part in saving Bakugo (improbable, but okay), there are many other solutions. His heart stopped, and what? There's still time and chances. It's okay if many characters are losing hope, that's a gopd narrative. The question is: whst glorious tactic is ahead of this? What amazing action awaits for us?
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pocketramblr · 2 years
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AU where Clark gets mad at Bruce because of the whole "Contingencies to kill everyone in the Justice League" thing, please.
Oh that's a throwback. I'm gonna use Contingency Plans from all over different DC studies because it's an omniverse now and also some are more fun/horrible than others so.
1- Clark finds the contingency plans because he's, you know, an extremely skilled investigative reporter and can ask favors from anyone in the League. After learning about all of them, he imediately calls Bruce to meet him, now.
Bruce expects an emergency, and is very confused when Clark drops a copy of his notes on the plans between them, pissed as hell, flying slightly, and his country accent thicker than normal as he demands to know what the hell these are.
2- "Contingency plans?" does not make Clark happier.
"For what? If you want to turn on all of us?"
"No, the opposite- if any turn on us or humanity." Bruce is smart enough to figure out why this is so upsetting, but stubborn and proud enough to keep digging and make it worse.
The argument escalates. Bruce points out that multiple Leaguers have been brainwashed before, so knowing how to take any down is just practical. Clark responds that there's a difference between 'planning what to do if you need to stop someone and break them out of mind control', ('Dehydrate Arthur with any heat/fire stuff and bring in Manhunter') and 'actively design and produce a version of Fear Toxin that would make Arthur hydrophobic and weaker until he dies of dehydration.' or even worse, the virus that would instantly incinerate Manhunter! Bruce has that Toxin made already! He's not planning to protect them from brainwashing, he's planning to be able to seriously hurt or kill any of them in the instant that he decides it needs to be done!
3- Bruce does not take the accusation that he'd murder very well. Clark knows he'd never murder. Clark was the one that stopped him from killing the Joker the one time he would have crossed that line! But Bruce knows that in the wrong hands, the League he helped create could do far more harm than good. There has to be plans. He's been betrayed too many times. There might not be time to go get a flame thrower and enough backup to incapacitate J'onn if it turns out he's been using his mental powers all along to hide some teachery. It would destroy Bruce to have to use any of the plans.
But Bruce has been destroying himself in an attempt to protect others for a long time, so.
Again, the fighting escalates, and Bruce gets so mad that he just leaves. Zetas away to the cave. Where the kryptonite is. Clark doesn't follow him, he goes to Diana.
4- Diana is, at first, on Bruce's side, but gets more concerned the more Clark shows him. Some of this is reasonable planning by one of their few members with the stomach and brains for it. And some of it is downright arrogance. What if Bruce got brainwashed? What if they ever got hacked and Lex Luthor or someone else used this? They could take down the whole League with this information, some of them instantly and leathally.
He didn't exactly make a plan for himself, after all.
Diana points out that, if this were anyone else, they probably would have taken them in.
Clark isn't happy about that. Sure Bruce left got the cave and could probably start the Contengencies on them if they went there, but if he wanted to use Kryptonite on Clark, he would have just pulled out the piece he keeps in his belt before he left. He didn't.
But they do need to discuss it, so Diana Prince and Clark Kent go to Wayne Manor, and get ready for a very long, very emotionally taxing conversation.
5- the end result of the conversation is this:
The plans remain, but only written on paper, in secured cases, to be locked deep in the batcave, fortress of solitude and wherever Diana's personal base is. The key code for these are to be decided and only known to Nightwing, the one person they all trust with it.
(Dick answers the phone by saying he better not be asked to solve Bruce's emotional distant and paranoid problems again, he's got plans tonight already. After a moment of awkwardness, Diana laughs and says they did that part already, they have a different favor to ask of him)
Bruce has some unofficial suspensions placed on him for a while, the way a lower League member might be punished. However, these are only known to the three of them, since it could cause a lot of problems in the League if others knew about that, let alone why it happened.
After leaving, with a hug, Clark does not talk to Bruce outside of League meetings for a month, stewing and trying to work out his frustrations. Bruce swings back and forth from trying to figure out if he should, you know, take care of himself mentally because maybe this is a really unhealthy coping mechanism, and thinking it's all a bit overblown and maybe he should just buy a pie for Clark and bring it over so they can move on. Their friendship recovers slowly, but it does recover. Having each other's back against world ending threats helps
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mariacallous · 8 months
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The White House has struck a deal with major AI developers—including Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI—that commits them to take action to prevent harmful AI models from being released into the world.
Under the agreement, which the White House calls a “voluntary commitment,” the companies pledge to carry out internal tests and permit external testing of new AI models before they are publicly released. The test will look for problems including biased or discriminatory output, cybersecurity flaws, and risks of broader societal harm. Startups Anthropic and Inflection, both developers of notable rivals to OpenAI’s ChatGPT, also participated in the agreement.
“Companies have a duty to ensure that their products are safe before introducing them to the public by testing the safety and capability of their AI systems,” White House special adviser for AI Ben Buchanan told reporters in a briefing yesterday. The risks that companies were asked to look out for include privacy violations and even potential contributions to biological threats. The companies also committed to publicly reporting the limitations of their systems and the security and societal risks they could pose.
The agreement also says the companies will develop watermarking systems that make it easy for people to identify audio and imagery generated by AI. OpenAI already adds watermarks to images produced by its Dall-E image generator, and Google has said it is developing similar technology for AI-generated imagery. Helping people discern what’s real and what’s fake is a growing issue as political campaigns appear to be turning to generative AI ahead of US elections in 2024.
Recent advances in generative AI systems that can create text or imagery have triggered a renewed AI arms race among companies adapting the technology for tasks like web search and writing recommendation letters. But the new algorithms have also triggered renewed concern about AI reinforcing oppressive social systems like sexism or racism, boosting election disinformation, or becoming tools for cybercrime. As a result, regulators and lawmakers in many parts of the world—including Washington, DC—have increased calls for new regulation, including requirements to assess AI before deployment.
It’s unclear how much the agreement will change how major AI companies operate. Already, growing awareness of the potential downsides of the technology has made it common for tech companies to hire people to work on AI policy and testing. Google has teams that test its systems, and it publicizes some information, like the intended use cases and ethical considerations for certain AI models. Meta and OpenAI sometimes invite external experts to try and break their models in an approach dubbed red-teaming.
“Guided by the enduring principles of safety, security, and trust, the voluntary commitments address the risks presented by advanced AI models and promote the adoption of specific practices—such as red-team testing and the publication of transparency reports—that will propel the whole ecosystem forward,” Microsoft president Brad Smith said in a blog post.
The potential societal risks the agreement pledges companies to watch for do not include the carbon footprint of training AI models, a concern that is now commonly cited in research on the impact of AI systems. Creating a system like ChatGPT can require thousands of high-powered computer processors, running for extended periods of time.
Andrew Burt, managing partner at law firm BNH, which specializes in AI, says the potential risks of generative AI systems are becoming clear to everyone involved with the technology. The Federal Trade Commission began a probe into OpenAI’s business practices last week, alleging that the company participated in “unfair or deceptive privacy or data security practices.”
The White House agreement’s stipulation that companies should commission external assessments of their technology adds to evidence that outside audits are becoming “the central way governments exert oversight for AI systems,” Burt says.
The White House also promoted the use of audits in the voluntary AI Bill of Rights issued last year, and it is supporting a hacking contest centered on generative AI models at the Defcon security conference next month. Audits are also a requirement of the EU’s sweeping AI Act, which is currently being finalized.
Jacob Appel, chief strategist at ORCAA, a company that audits algorithms for businesses and government, says the agreement is welcome but that general assessments of large language models like those behind ChatGPT are insufficient. Specific, high risk use cases of AI, such as a chatbot fine tuned to generate medical or legal advice, should get their own tailored assessments, he says. And systems from smaller companies also need scrutiny.
President Joe Biden will meet at the White House today with executives from the companies that joined the new AI agreement, including Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei, Microsoft president Brad Smith, and Inflection AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman. His administration is also developing an executive order to govern the use of AI through actions by federal agencies, but the White House gave no specific timeline for its release.
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ambientalmercantil · 1 month
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redcxnviction · 3 years
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Stain’s (Potential) Character Arc
[Spoilers for Chapter 300]
[Also warning: This one is gonna be loooooong...]
[Edit: Dear God this was so much longer than I intended. I hope you guys like it! I’m going to bed now.]
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So, Stain has re-appeared to send shock-waves through the plot once again (we hope). I’ve already talked about what Stain’s possible plans going forward will be for this arc, but now I want to discuss how his character could grow and change (or show change from all that thinking time in Tartarus) as a person, based on what we already know about him as well as current events.
This is all just speculation at the moment of course, but I think it’s highly likely - given the precedent Stain has already set in terms of moral ambiguity. 
Just to be clear, no matter how heroic Stain’s actions may be in this arc, he still deserves to go right back to prison. Stain himself would agree with everyone on that. Heck, he’d probably walk himself back in when all this mess is done.
I really hope he doesn’t die by sacrificing himself, though, it would completely undermine the message of not only Endeavour’s arc, but Stain’s, as I feel his could (ironically) play out very similarly to his that of his most hated enemy.
Dying doesn’t rid you of sin or heal anybody, you can only change and improve things by living with your sins and learning from them. Some things may be lost forever, but you need to at least try, or at the very least break the cycle in some way and make sure no others like you are born.
But I’m getting ahead of myself.
Let’s take a look at Stain’s two defining flaws! :D
1. Worshipping a human being
It’s been previously established in the story just how toxic the concept of a ‘No. 1 Hero’ is - letting one man shoulder the burden of an entire country’s wellbeing was never going to end well, and only create a culture of overdependence, and a society whose comfort and security were sitting on a foundation of glass. 
Stain, like Deku, grew up watching the unbreakable and perfect All Might soothe all their worries and purge every ill from society. Stain idolised All Might the same way Deku did. He believed in a hero who helped others in their darkest hour, when all hope seemed lost, and for no pay and no thanks, every day.
But Deku saw All Might for who he truly was inside - a broken man barely keeping it together. 
Stain never saw All Might like that. He practically deified the man, just like society had, and could not conceive of a society without him. All Might ceased to be a human being, but a concept, an ideal that every hero-in-training should aspire to. Nobody outside those who knew All Might intimately realised how dangerous, how ultimately toxic, their saviour’s life was.
A hero is All Might, he sets the standard. The perfect hero is All Might. Someone who gives and gives without any regard for themselves. Blood, sweat and tears all mean nothing when you are a vessel for justice, and because All Might presented that as good and right, Stain believed that it was good and right.
But the end does not always justify the means, and society cannot function on the sacrifice of endless martyrs.
Stain was blinded by adoration and admiration for All Might and the hope he inspired. It’s no surprise he chose ‘Stendhal’ as his vigilante name - referring to Stendhal syndrome, a (debated) condition where sufferers experience various symptoms when exposed to objects, artworks or phenomena of great beauty, a profound emotional response. Stain responded to All Might with the emotion and fervour of a fanatic, and internalised the brutal, solitary and dangerous life of a ‘perfect hero’.
And just as this hero worship dehumanised All Might, Stendhal dehumanised himself in pursuit of the ideal hero. He referred to himself in the third person, as ‘justice personified’, as the righteous executor of villains. He even refers to his killing as ‘heaven’s judgment’ - deifying himself in the same way he has All Might. Stendhal believed himself to be superhuman, simply because he believes so much in the superhuman qualities of the hero he idolised. In Vigilantes he declares a hero to be an ‘extraordinary being’, ‘sublime’, ‘transcendent’ - again coming back to the ecstasy defining the ‘Stendhal syndrome’, and the deification of the No. 1 Hero. He also refers to a hero as ‘someone who crosses boundaries’, or someone who pushes the limit in order to achieve their ends - plus ultra. 
If Stendhal was to be successful, he had to become better than human.
All Might may have inspired Deku, but he also inspired Stain.
As Knuckleduster said - people like Stain, and by extension All Might, forget their own humanity and believe themselves to be as invincible as people perceive them to be, and cast safety and common sense to the wind. 
This may come from a place of arrogance, but I think it comes from idolising a man who single-handedly carried the hopes and wellbeing of society on his shoulders. All Might may not have waxed lyrical about it so much, but it just shows how utterly obsessed Stain was. Even in his ‘normal’ civilian life, he was a man who "walks along the path of true heroism”. His ideals consumed him.
Stain kept All Might on a pedestal, like Deku, but unlike the boy he never stopped. And unlike Deku, he was absolutely unmovable in his beliefs and unwilling to accept anything below the gold standard. That standard was All Might, and because that was the standard, Stain’s actions and beliefs were as right and true as All Might himself. He doomed himself from the beginning.
Which moves us on to our next point!
2. Narrow-mindedness
Stain’s thinking is so unshakable no outside force can break it. Common sense and humanity are only obstacles to him. His extreme actions coincide with his ability to only see things in extremes. One is either wholly good or wholly evil, with no room for nuance. This is a man who watched All Might, who presented himself as practically perfect in every way, internalised that as the correct way to be, and refused any other ideas.
One is either born with the ability to become a hero like All Might, or they are unworthy of being a hero altogether. A fundamentally bad person cannot change and become a heroic person - such a thing would taint the sanctity of the concept in Stain’s eyes. As we know, All Might is not a human being but a divine concept.
This is shown when Iida decides to make a heroic stand to Stain after being thoroughly beaten and admonished by him. Granted, it was to not shame his family name rather than help his friends, but Stain does not even acknowledge courage or growth of character on Iida’s part, or care to see if the bud of heroism would grow in the boy, whereas he was willing to allow Shigaraki’s bud of resolve grow - knowing the boy was a dangerous, anarchistic villain in the making. 
Stain was more willing to see Shigaraki walk a dark path of self-destruction than Iida walk the path of heroism, because he recognised Shigaraki’s path - and acknowledged it. It was worthy because it was backed by an unbreakable conviction, like Stain’s. To Stain, that was all that mattered. As long as you just kept going, with an unshakable conviction, you would be victorious. Literally mind over matter.
All Might nearly killed himself living like this. Stain could have so easily done the same, thousands of times. He put his life at risk every day, not only because of the nature of his quirk - ingesting blood - but also the villains and heroes he clashed with. Not only that, but Stain killed any chance he had of a normal life, throwing away his own wellbeing and humanity.
So while Stain’s mindset allowed for people like Deku to live, it also let people like Shigaraki and the League live to wreak the havoc we’re seeing in the present time. 
Stain’s view of the world is so blinkered by All Might’s false perception of how things should be, he cannot accept things for what they are or what they could be - only what they are not. And if they have weak conviction (in his eyes), they are unworthy of a chance to change simply because they won’t.
As a vigilante, he clashed with anyone who could not accept his absolute justice, and had absolutely no room for moral greys. While he helped people he felt were on his side, even villains, he turned on them the second they deviated from the standard he set.
The same applied to his days as a villain. Anyone who wasn’t strong enough, physically or mentally, to live up to All Might’s standard had to die so that they would no longer hold society back. Villains and heroes alike.
Not even what was intended to be a wake-up call had its desired effect. In fact, it only pushed Stain to up the ante. Stendhal didn’t take in any of Knuckleduster’s words about throwing away common sense and safety for a superhuman ideal that doesn’t exist - with All Might specifically used for the accompanying panel. He only listened to the line about lacking ‘conviction’, because he could neither understand nor accept that All Might and the society full of hope that he had created could be wrong. 
Only Stendhal was wrong. He had not cast away everything yet. To show true conviction, to succeed, he had to cast away any shred of aspirations for a hero’s life he had in him. It was the only thing that remained of ‘Chizome’.
The vigilante needed to take one step further. He had only been looking at villains for the problem, not the ‘fake heroes’ who were aiding and abetting the spread of villains - like Koichi had by protecting Soga from Stain, as Stain saw it. Stain needed to ‘go beyond’, like All Might, to the absolute limit. He had to become a villain.
And that meant casting even his heroic identity in becoming a villain. That was the only thing he had left to discard.
Stain is so caught up with his own beliefs and worldview he can’t even see the hypocrisy of his own words (as Stendhal):
“Even an innate act of goodness...becomes wicked in the aid of evil”. 
He’s so blinded by his own rhetoric that he doesn’t realise that this same condemnation can be applied to himself. His desire to improve society and save it from corrupting elements (which do exist in places) is good, but the foundation of that desire in inherently flawed and, combined with a judgemental and aggressive attitude, doomed to both become and aid evil.
Get to the point! So what does this mean for Stain now?
Several factors, in my mind, came together to provide Stain with some much needed self-reflection during his confinement:
Deku - simply by existing as a healthier representation of All Might’s hero philosophy, and through beating Stain in a battle between their respective takes on All Might’s ‘meaning of a hero’. Stain lost - that has to have some affect on him, just as losing to Knuckleduster did (granted, the latter was not for the better, but it did make him think).
Shigaraki & AFO - if I’m not mistaken, Stain was watching as AFO was wheeled into prison. And if I am, Stain very likely saw Shigaraki and AFO during the prison break and is smart enough to put two and two together and see them as responsible for the current events.
A long time to think - Stain has spent, I believe, several months in jail now. While it is possible to over-think things, the event that brought him to that point and everything that happened since could lead to interesting personal development - positive, this time.
Stain only appeared for a mere two panels in the latest chapter, but already I’m seeing hopeful signs for a change in his character to show and develop. 
The first hopeful panel
First, when we first see his face, this expression is very different from his default pissed off face, or even the ‘crazed fanatic’ face he’s well-known for at this point. Given the shitshow he’s just arrived to see, he would be justified in being angry. But he doesn’t look angry - he looks desperate. Almost sad. Am I looking too hard?
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I mean, yes, he’s just swam three miles in a storm in pitch blackness, he’s justified in having a thousand-yard stare to go with his soggy clothes, but honestly he looks a very different man. A sad man.
Which is strange, because he’s got what he wanted. He wanted all the ‘fakes’ gone, and now so many of them are retiring in their droves in the face of public backlash. He wanted the public to turn against the heroes more concerned with their own reputation and comfort than protecting citizens in their time of need, like right now. He wanted Endeavour to suffer. 
And now it’s all happened. Everything should be great now, right? The weeds have been removed from the garden, so it should look beautiful now, right?
But it’s not beautiful. It’s chaos, it’s destruction, it’s pain and death. 
Stain got the results he wanted, but society doesn’t look anything like he envisioned it would. He believed his cause and methods were justified because they were inspired by the perfect hero himself. But that hero wasn’t perfect - in fact, his role was positively toxic in the long-run, and it is because Stain internalised and obsessed and believed in this toxic way of life that he failed. And not only did he fail, he bred more evil by becoming evil with good intent.
‘The road to hell is paved with good intentions’  is apt here. It sums up the culmination of everything Stain has done. He inspired a more critical and questioning culture to take root, which in itself isn’t a bad thing, but his narrow-mindedness and fundamental lack of critical thinking on his part, as well as All Might himself, led to Stain replicating the very worst aspects of All Might’s legacy - a self-destructive road to hell with the mask of nobility and justice.
Judging by his expression, and everything that’s happening now, Stain more than likely has realised or is in the process of realising the hand he has had in all this. Shigaraki’s rise, the League, the division and mass revolt against heroes in general, even All Might’s retirement and AFO could be attributed to him at least indirectly. 
The second hopeful panel
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Second and last - we see Stain enter an abandoned house, trashed perhaps during the riots, and recovering an old and badly rusted sword. Whether this was his hideout during his killing spree or one of many hiding places, what is truly interesting is his behaviour.
As a vigilante and as a villain, Stain loved to monologue. He loved to drive into his unwilling listeners exactly why he was doing what he was doing, how much they had failed as heroes, his hopes for the future, his convictions. This is probably a carryover from his soapbox days as a teenager. He was never heard then, but he would damn well be heard now.
Even in quiet moments, he would openly reflect on his actions and reiterate his reason for living - his identity as a force of justice. 
Here Stain is alone, armed for the first time since his arrest, ready to go out and fight. Perfect time for a monologue. A vow to fix what he can, a vow to destroy all those who’re currently wrecking society?
Nope. Stain just looks at his sword for a moment, and lets go a sigh as he draws it. Serious, committed, and without pretence.
Maybe it was just a lack of space thing or desire to keep Stain’s next move a mystery, but to me it speaks to a possible shift in his character. In a time when he would justify himself, refer to himself as a force against evil, admonish all those he saw as forcing his hand, he says nothing.
Conclusion
Maybe I’m wrong, but it seems that perhaps the Stain we see here is more human than we’ve seen him before. Without his mask or costume to project an image of an ideal or superhuman force, Stain is simply Chizome Akaguro, a man who has little but the ruins of his life and the society he only damaged further.
I’d like to think that these signs show a Stain who wants to do right - the actual right thing - and fix what he can of this mess. How he goes about this all depends on how much he has or is willing to change about himself going forward. Because he needs to change in order to even start trying to make things better now. He was wrong about All Might, he was wrong about Iida. He was wrong to let Shigaraki go. He was wrong that a great hero is someone who destroys himself for others.
If Stain is to make his time as a free man a positive one for society, truly, in this time when they need people to step up the most, Stain will need to fundamentally and drastically shift his perspective on things and people around him. 
He needs to accept his current state and the sins of his past. 
He needs to see All Might as he truly is, if he hasn’t already. 
He needs to see how far Iida has come as a hero, in spite of Stain’s hateful judgement of him.
He needs to see the kind of hero Deku has grown into, the kind that saves others while also keeping themselves as safe and happy as possible.
He needs to LIVE so he can change and be interesting, not just another ‘second-to-final-boss villain’.
And then after all is said and done - DON’T YOU GO KILLING STAIN OFF HORIKOSHI I SWEAR TO GOD - Stain is marched right back to prison because no matter how valiantly he fights, no matter how much he changes for the better, no matter how much he becomes the man he could have been, he is a murderer. He has permanently destroyed lives and wrecked many others. He can never undo that.
The best thing Stain can do in this arc is NOT BE STAIN, but Chizome Akaguro, citizen with mad skills who wants to set society free from the threat of evil by becoming the hero it desperately needs.
Except in the determination to fuck Shigaraki and AFO up. That he can keep.
What do you guys think??
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buckybarnessparearm · 3 years
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G U Y S
I’m re-watching bnha with my little sister and we just finished the training camp arc.
Not only did Shoji get his fucking dupli-arm cut off, he was also burned by Dabi’s flames.
HOW DID I MISS THAT????
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modpsycho100 · 3 years
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h3l10tr0p3 · 4 years
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BNHA MANGA 278 SPOILERS
Villains are coming. Chaos prevails. Any Hero on the frontlines is wondering right now- How the hell do I stop this?
And at first the option of putting everyone to sleep seems like a swell idea. Humane, even.
So Why is Sedating A Villain Illegal?
Isn't that exactly what Midnight does with her quirk? Maybe you can’t sedate people with things Other than quirks. But Yaoyaorozu is also using her quirk to make the sedating agent. So it didn’t make much sense to me at first.
• One possibility is that Heroes are not allowed to handle weapons other than the support gear required to reduce the kickback of their own quirk. Hero Commission looks over every costume upgrade and supervises this process very minutely so that the Heroes cannot have lethal weapons on their person. Even Snipe might not be allowed to use actual bullets, although he is allowed to use a gun- maybe he has to resort to rubber bullets. In this case Yaoyaorozu will be handing out these jars of incredibly strong anaesthetic agent to other Hero students whose quirk has nothing to do with sedation. In their hands, it becomes a potentially harmful weapon. For comparison think of cops using tear gas. Provided they are facing the enemy, it should probably be overlooked...(probably)
• The Concentration of Sedative Agent. In all probability every Hero has to conform to certain quirk regulations. Like Midnight her quirk, somnambulist, which uses inhalational sedative agent, can use it only under a certain concentration limit. Anaesthetic agents at high concentrations can cause death, if there were any by-stander around it could reach them and kill them easily. So it makes sense to limit how much of this potentially lethal gas she can produce.
• Gigantomachia is HUGE. Taller than Mt. Lady. And the body-weight of a person is directly proportional to the amount of anaesthetic agent needed to produce sedation. If Yaoyaorozu makes an inhalation agent (like Midnight’s quirk) strong enough to stop this guy, you can bet it will easily kill by-stander heroes/villains. One way to avoid spread is to put it via intravenous route (I dont think syringes are gonna work on that rock-hide) or throw them in his mouth (Midnight got smacked trying to reach his face, so I’m dubious about this one.) Inhalation route will be effective, and will save many heroes if Yaoyaorozu also provides facemasks. But you can say goodbye to the villains.
• Another reason why using it is illegal is related to the Villain Mustard, who was captured at the Summer Camp after the Vanguard kidnapped Bakugou. It seems laughably easy for people gifted with quirks like his to produce gases of chemical warfare and kill anyone around them. Just imagine your annoying next door neighbour oozing napalm, VX nerve gas or Agent Orange in a fit. This probably led to the prejudice against emitter types like Mustard and started them down the villain path.
So considering all these things, yeah, it makes sense to make this illegal. And kind of a no-brainer. But what are the implications of this?
Some of them maybe like so-
Yaoyaorozu might be forced to produced a lethal dose to just put down Gigantomachia unless she has an ingenious way to contain fall out.
All the students in the back-lines would be forced to commit involuntary manslaughter for the sake of self-defense. I do not say for it is ‘their duty as Heroes’ because killing people, civilian or Villain is against the law, whether they did it consciously or not. (I shiver to think of the horror and psychological trauma they would experience when they realize what they’ve done)
The only reasons why Endeavour got away from murdering a High End is because (1) Noumus are not legally seen as human beings (Tell Shirakumo that) and (2) Endeavour has a hell of a legal team, plus the HC backing him as the No.1 Hero. He cannot be accused of something illegal because the society is depending on him to be the Next No.1.
The children will not have such defense. If there is a public litigation against them (like imagine if Re-destro got captured and asked for a lawyer) for using excessive force and chemical agents, then the teachers will have to take responsibility for their actions because they are minors and cannot be tried for the decisions taken by the teacher (Midnight).
Therefore, Midnight isnt just sanctioning a very dangerous attack and throwing kids in the line but also taking the risk of potentially losing her job and Hero license (if not her life on the battlefield). She is doing it for the greater good, and she wants to stop the Villains from causing more life and property damage, no matter the cost. It takes guts and a lot of confidence in the kids to be able to do that. She trusts Yaoyaorozu That Much.
All things considered, even if Yaoyaorozu had decided to tuck tail and run, I wouldn’t think any less of her, because this is a Tall Fucking order for a goddamn teenager. But like the fucking Queen she is, she has a plan and is ready to kick ass. (Please let her pull this off flawlessly!!!)
Other far-off, possible implications (and some personal HCs) can be-
If this incident is taken to court and Midnight is found guilty:
No doubt the U.A. faculty would stand beside her decision and support her. This may lead to a public unrest. First off, the Lodge Attack was poorly executed despite having lots of time to prepare for the event. The Heroes will be under severe scrutiny for the unprecedented, and perhaps unnecessary loss of life for this mission. Secondly, a U.A. teacher apparently pushed Heroes-in-training in the line of fire. Why were the children there at all? Why bring them to a place where the supervisors couldn’t guarantee their safety?
The Hero Commission will be under fire, it might look for a scapegoat to escape their poor decisions- this is where they might shift the blame onto Midnight and the U.A. faculty for not professional misconduct. Thus forcing Nedzu to make changes in U.A., which I doubt he’ll budge on because U.A. has done nothing wrong. The friction between the HC and UA might therefore force HC’s hand and remove Nedzu, and bring about a complete makeover of the school system and administration (Shiketsu comes to mind in this scenario). Imagine an Umbridge now taking reigns of UA and making it more militaristic and oppressive.
Imagine if that was the objective of figureheads in the HC all along? What if the ‘Traitor’ isn’t with LoV but a simple information broker whose job is to simply expose the flaws and cracks in U.A.’s education system and turn public opinion against it, so that the HC could replace it’s current adminstration? What if this Traitor had access to all this information, knew who wanted it, and decided to let U.A. butt heads with LoV whilst advancing their own agenda?
What if the HC was the villain all along?
Just shower thoughts. (it got really out if hand in the end there...)
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frosteee · 4 years
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Failure [BNH discussion]
I admit it, I like Tomoyasu Chikazoku’s (Skeptic’s) design. But more than that, I’m intrigued by his obsessive fear/hatred of failure and I’m hoping we get more insight into  it in the future.
Most of us can relate to being afraid of failure, doing whatever we can to avoid it, and being upset when we are inevitably faced with it at one point or another. Most of us know that failure is a learning curve and that more often than not it can be rectified.
People respond to failure differently, but there are some who just cannot cope with it. Tomoyasu is one of those people, clearly. Re-Destro seems to take pleasure in telling him that he failed.
Tomoyasu’s immediate response is total, insane denial of the fact. However, he admits to one failure - repeating it several times. This one failure is a blot on his life, something he cannot deny when he freely denies everything else.
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He’s so desperate to prove his own rationale to himself that he loses the advantage of remaining hidden and goes straight for the front lines, ranting all the while that he has not failed. 
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A mistake should not bring a grown adult to break down like this. Ironically, just as Twice overcame his personal trauma, the man who tried to play that against him succumbs to his own.
I’m interested to see where Horikoshi takes this, seeing as Tomoyasu will certainly be around for the current arc. We know Horikoshi likes to explore societal issues in his work, and that the recent arcs have focused quite a bit on the issues regarding conformity and difference, especially the Meta Liberation Army Arc, in which Tomoyasu debuted.
It’s probably safe to say that all the Army members (that are important) have issues regarding the attitude and laws relating to Quirks, the acceptance of Quirks, and their own identity in relation to these, as with the League of Villains.
But Tomoyasu’s extreme response to the idea of failure stands out.
It’s (fairly?) common knowledge that Japanese society has problems with regards to the extreme pressure young people face to succeed in society, from school education, to work, etc.
We know that Tomoyasu is on the board of directors for Feel Good Inc. When he mentions that his failure occurred during his career, he doesn’t specify whether this was as a member of the Liberation Army or as a member of his company.
Either way, three possibilities present themselves:
Tomoyasu was fine until one terrible error occurred. This error obviously wasn’t so damaging that he was fired, but perhaps that was only due to dumb luck or the help of a college. Perhaps if the error hadn’t been mitigated, the damage could have been massive. So despite everything turning out fine (or relatively fine) in the end, Tomoyasu was left with a crippling fear of failure since. Or, alternatively, it had massive consequences - but someone or some people other than himself suffered for it. So even though he kept his high positions, he was never able to forgive himself or allow failure again.
Tomoyasu grew up without ever experiencing failure before. Perhaps, given his high position in the company, we was handed all the resources and opportunities he needed to succeed and so therefore never knew what it was like to fail. So when he inevitably did, the shock was so bad he lived in perpetual fear of repeating it.
Tomoyasu grew up facing constant pressure to succeed in everything. This led to an unhealthy regard of failure, which he avoided at all costs by studying/training and probably also cheating and bluffing his way to success - anything necessary to avoid disappointing those around him. The one and only time he was unable to do so completely broke him.
I might be thinking too much into it, lol, but I wouldn’t think Horikoshi would create a character -a villain especially, who is still relevant to the story - with such an extreme trait without at some point expanding on it.
Also I like his character so I personally hope so lol.
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popcorn-hero · 4 years
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How the villians reveal the issues in the BNH society
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“Good deeds should be done with intention, not for attention. “
Honestly, stain was taken out of the story to quickly for my liking. I resonate with his ideology because I see it in regards to our culture. You see it on social media all the time: people recording themselves “helping” the homeless, or donating money. People must have their good deeds acknowledged and glorified.
But as I say, if you have to be perceived as a good person, you’re probably not a good person.
I think stains argument can be seen with the character Mt.Lady who comes across as an attention seeking, lazy, I’m only here so you can take my pic type of hero. What really drives her to be a hero? Is it because she can help society or is it for the fame?
And then we have the hero ranking system which I feel is the number one problem in this society. It’s a status that many strive for- like actor who only acts for the sake of getting "Academy-Award Winner” added to their title. Now theres nothing wrong with recognition, however, if your only you should strive to be the best at your craft for yourself rather than to get notoriety, that will come naturally.
And its not the heroes fault, its society as a whole that has laid out a culture that treats heroes as professional athletes. They get merchandise, riches, fans, etc. 
All Might is the embodiment of what it means to be a true hero. Get the job done because it needs to, not because it will make you famous. I would like to see an OVA of the world before it got to where it is now.
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There are far too many silent sufferers.  Not because they don't yearn to reach out, but because they've tried and found no one who cares
- Richelle E. Goodrich
I can’t stand child abuse and that chapter showing us Shigarakis’ back story really hit me. Here you had a little boy who wanted to be a hero and was punished by his father for that. His father abused him, and his family enabled the abuse to continue. There was no hero for Shigaraki.
No one looking out of him No one there to save him.
You had a little boy who at first thought he was quirkless and then bestowed a very destructive power at his most vulnerable state. It was sad to see him accidentally kill his dog and ask his sister to help him after thinking he was in danger.
Then you have this child walking alone in the streets, half dead, starved, and traumatized, and no one saw him. (The old lady did, but when she saw his appearance, she moved on like it was nothing.)
No one thought to take this child to the police station? A hero didn’t see him?
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Except for All-for-One. He saw Shigaraki. He saw a broken child that could be molded and raised to be his perfect vessel. 
And so he left one abusive relationship and entered another.
For a society filled with heros, there was non in his life.
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“When good people consider you the bad guy, you develop a heart to help the bad ones. You actually understand them.”
La Brava and Toga are characters that weren’t given a chance to be themselves. Both of their quirks take on an instinctual nature. Both of their downfalls happened in their school years.
Toga is naturally drawn to blood. It is blood, ones life force, that she needs to use her quirk. When she drinks the essence of someone, she becomes that person- its like the ultimate type of bonding with a person. Now, I think Toga may have had something mentally going on with her that was only amplified by her parents and peers view towards her. With positive reinforcement, consulting, acceptance of her nature, I think Toga would’ve lived a pretty normal life. If she wanted to be a hero, she would be good for stealth and spy missions.
La Brava is very similar to Toga in the obsessive nature linked to their quirk. La Brava has to know everything about a person and actually love them for her quirk to work. Her quirk is probably the best quirk to have on a support team. The teachers and her parents should have taken the time to understand her quirk (I’m sure quirk counseling exist.) and maybe have some type of quirk sensitivity class, so children can understand that not all quirks manifest in the same manner.
If La Brava had the right guidance and acceptance early on, she would be amazing to have on a team.
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“An unjust law is itself a species of violence. Arrest for its breach is more so....
- Mahatma Gandhi
Majority of the worlds population has a quirk. It may be mundane; it may be extraordinary. They may never have to use, or the have to use it to survive.
From what I understand thus far, you have to have a heros license (or maybe other licences) to use your quirk. Using your quirk without a license is a felony offense.
But is that fair? If someone has a quirk that allows them to fly, why should they be penalized for just wanting to get around faster? If they aren’t using their quirk to cause damage and harm, then why is it a problem. Why are people punished for their ability?
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It would be no different from only professional singers signed with a label allowed to sing- anyone else will be fined.
In the MHA: Team Up Missions and Vigilantes, we get more a behind the scenes of the hero society. Vigilantes are classified as criminals even though the work they do is for good reasons. The little boy in the first team-up mission was holding the toxin of his quirk for YEARS because society forbids the use of quirks without a license.
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What if your quirk is always active?
So now we have the Meta Liberation Army. They believe the use of ones quirk is a human right. I agree. By standing against a system that is flawed, they have become a terrorist group. They may have well done some terrorist actions thats not touched upon in the manga.
I kinda wish they didn’t merge with the LoV. I think them being a neutral opposing force between heros and villains would have made the story more interesting. 
Since it seems that Hirokoshi is releasing novels that takes a side path to the main story line, I hope to see novels that takes up back the beginning (like day one with the first person to be born with a quirk and a mutation)
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It's not at all hard to understand a person; it's only hard to listen without bias.
- Criss Jami, Killosophy
 @waxwingedhawks​   Did a good job at pointing  out mutant discrimination. I knew that spinner was ostracized based on his appearance, but some of the things that waxwingedhawks mentioned that I didn’t catch the first time around. 
Even when I’m reading the story, I question when do we consider whos human and who’s an anthromorph/object brought to life?  
Hawks, Miruko, and Tsuyu are people who’s quirk presents as animal traits. They look more human than animals. Then we have Tokoyomi, Mina, Kojiro Bonda, Centipede and
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(Ok, idk if wash is really a washing machine, or thats their costume)
Who clearly are closer to being non-human that human
If Horikoshi does decide to shed more light on that topic, I would like to see that as part of Mina’s character development.
I’ve actually become disgusting engross in this world and I’m currently reading Vigilantes to pick up some more pieces on the shady nature of this society.
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abilityforged-a · 3 years
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Information on my Fyodor’s BNH/A verse:
After All Might’s retirement, he like many other villains, came out of hiding.  He’d been tracking and keeping tabs on the League’s activity, as well as other villain organizations from a distance; such as the Yakuza.
He remained in Russia until then.  Finding it safer to begin his work in Japan once the Symbol of Peace was no longer a pillar of justice in Japan. 
Once in Japan, he planted his roots rather quickly; having kept ties with his Russian counterparts who he worked with previously.  N/ikolai was a big help in helping him get there.
From his new hideout, he could track the activity of the League of Villains, and other villain organizations that had caught the media’s attention.  His strategy was to let them take eachother out, and allow them to eliminate as many heroes as they could before he really started his work.  He worked closely with Nikolai, as well, and had him pull strings here and there where it was necessary. 
Nikolai plays a big part in getting Fyodor the information he’s after.
Once the Yakuza was taken out by the League of Villains, he continued to keep tabs on the League.  However, a new party of interest caught his sight. The Meta Liberation Army; more specifically, ReDestro.  He did some digging with the help of his right hand man.
 The MLA was his new target.  Moreso than the commission and the hero agencies he planned on targeting.  
The Decay of Angels is still a thing in his BNHA verse.  He and Nikolai are both members of it, but it’s kept incredibly lowkey and hidden from society’s knowledge. 
He wants to eradicate quirk users in the same manner he wants to purge the world of ability users in his canon verse.  He sees them as a plague, a sinful existence and he is doing God’s work by eliminating the disease and restoring the world to it’s former faith and glory.
He will do anything in his power to make sure they are eradicated. 
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newamsterdame · 6 years
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I saw on twt u were writing a bnh meta? 👀👀👀
not technically writing it yet, but i’m composing it in my head. it’s basically about mentorship and parenting in the series, and how horikoshi is deliberately creating a spectrum of those relationships, and endeavor’s spot on that spectrum is pretty vital, etc etc, you don’t have to like his character but i think what’s going on with him is central to the point horikoshi is making on that topic. i don’t really have the mental energy to finish the thought right now, or to fight with people who’re going to call me an apologist without knowing what that word means. but i think it’s pretty deep and i’ll probably finish it someday.
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saisai-chan · 6 years
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Tbh, I don't think I'd care for Kacchako that much without your amazing art and fantastic metas. You've single handily opened my mind so, if it ever did happen, I could accept it. Begrudgingly, at least. Thanks for that Sai, keep up the great work you do for the BnH fandom.
aaaaaaaaa thank you!! i’m happy to know that i managed to change your view on the ship a little bit!!
and shkalgh; thank you!! i’m glad you enjoy my content so much!!!
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forasterobr · 3 years
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Simplesmente essa cena! Já assistiram o filme de Boku no Hero Heroes Rising? Não sabe o que tá perdendo. Segue aí para me ajudar a superar metas e me motivar a continuar trazendo conteúdos como esse sempre! @forasterobr #animes #bokunohero #bokunoheroedit #myheroacademia #katsukibakugou #midoriyaizuku #allmight #oneforall #plusultra #detroidsmash #bnh #heroesrisingmovie https://www.instagram.com/p/CS5PMHDsY4M/?utm_medium=tumblr
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filipealbani · 3 years
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28/10/2020: Dia do Servidor Público
Antes de mais nada, é preciso saber o que é um servidor. Pegando o dicionário Houaiss (http://www.houaiss.uol.com.br), descobrimos que a palavra é do latim tardio servītor,ōris no sentido de 'servo, servidor dos deuses' – quais seriam os deuses atualmente? Os dirigentes ou a população?
Os significados que o dicionário nos coloca, temos os seguintes:
“1 que ou aquele que serve; servente
2 que ou aquele que é diligente, prestativo, prestimoso
3 que ou aquele que cumpre com rigor e precisão o que tem a fazer
4 diz-se de ou pessoa, geralmente remunerada, que presta serviços em casa; criado
5 diz-se de ou todo aquele que exerce uma atividade pública ou particular, de ordem material, técnica ou intelectual, mediante emprego, cargo ou locação; diz-se de ou quem quer que sirva a outrem, na qualidade de empregado, preposto ou funcionário.”
Percebam que há um caráter mais forte do que simplesmente o significado de trabalhador, no mesmo dicionário:
“1 que ou aquele que trabalha
2 que ou o que é dado ao trabalho, que gosta de trabalhar; lidador, pelejador”
Somente esses dois significados levaria a debates imensos debates, porém infrutíferos para o ponto de vista necessário.
Nós todos somos usuários de serviços públicos diariamente. De acordo com a Wikipédia (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serviço_público), “Serviço público é um serviço que é fornecido para pessoas que vivem dentro de sua jurisdição, seja diretamente pelo governo (através do setor público) ou indiretamente (por empresas). O termo está associado a um consenso social (geralmente expresso por meio de eleições democráticas) de que certos serviços devem estar disponíveis a todos, independentemente da renda, da capacidade física ou da inteligência.”. Portanto, praticamente tudo que utilizamos no cotidiano: a água encanada, o esgoto tratado, a pavimentação das estradas, a energia elétrica nas ruas e nos domicílios, a telefonia, o serviço de fornecimento de internet, educação, saúde, assistência social, transporte, rádio, televisão, fornecimento de combustíveis – mesmo quando o Estado concede ou busca auxílio do setor privado, não deixa de ser serviço público.
Na prática, estamos tratando aqui dos empregados diretamente na máquina pública, que têm uma história bem peculiar. De acordo com o Mundo Educação (https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/datas-comemorativas/servidor-publico.htm):
“A história do serviço público no Brasil não é recente. Desde a época do Império, os agentes do serviço público trabalham para manter em funcionamento a máquina burocrática do Estado. Após a Proclamação da República, o serviço público passou a ter ainda maior importância dentro da enorme organização administrativa que se formou. Além da manutenção administrativa, o funcionalismo público também é de extrema importância para a manutenção do patrimônio material público, como praças e ruas, além de sua função na prestação de serviços à população, como no caso da saúde e da educação pública.
Entretanto, foi apenas em 1939, no dia 28 de Outubro, que um documento regulamentou o trabalho do funcionalismo público. Tratava-se do decreto 1713/39. Posteriormente, o então presidente Getúlio Vargas, em 1943, decretou como feriado do Dia do funcionário público a data de promulgação dessa lei.
Por um longo período, o ingresso no serviço público brasileiro foi estabelecido por meio do que é referido como “apadrinhamento”, isto é, troca de favores, não havendo a necessidade de aprovação em concurso tal como é exigido atualmente. Foi apenas com a Constituição de 1988, que nasceu em um momento histórico de início de avanço social fundamentado pelo princípio da igualdade de oportunidades e equidade de direitos que todo cidadão dever ter, que, por meio do art. 37, parágrafos I e II, foi estabelecida a obrigatoriedade do concurso como meio de ingresso na carreira pública.
· Art. 37. A administração pública direta, indireta ou fundacional, de qualquer dos Poderes da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios obedecerá aos princípios de legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência, e também, ao seguinte:
· I – os cargos, empregos e funções públicas são acessíveis aos brasileiros que preencham os requisitos estabelecidos em lei;
· II – a investidura em cargo ou emprego público depende de aprovação prévia em concurso público de provas ou de provas e títulos, ressalvadas as nomeações para cargo em comissão declarado em lei de livre nomeação e exoneração. (BRASIL, CF/88.1999, p.40).”
Assim sendo, a história do serviço público, no Brasil, passou por mudanças significativas. É um setor estratégico, no qual o Estado verifica condições de fornecê-lo de maneira mais adequada à população.
O artigo ainda chama a atenção para o seguinte ponto: “A carreira do servidor público é altamente atrativa em virtude da seguridade que oferece para aqueles que conseguem ingressar nessa área.”, também chamada de estabilidade; o que o artigo não menciona, e que boa parte da mídia corporativa também esconde, foi uma mudança bastante significativa que existia no setor privado. Segundo André Fontenelle, no artigo “Em 1967, o FGTS substituiu estabilidade no emprego” (https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2017/05/05/em-1967-fgts-substituiu-estabilidade-no-emprego), colhemos as seguintes informações:
“O FGTS foi concebido em 1966 pelo ministro do Planejamento do governo do marechal Castello Branco, Roberto Campos. O objetivo era duplo: facilitar a demissão de trabalhadores e financiar a construção de imóveis.
Para criar o fundo, foi necessário tornar letra morta dois artigos da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT): o que previa ao funcionário indenização de um mês de salário por ano trabalhado, em caso de demissão imotivada, e o que assegurava estabilidade no emprego ao trabalhador do setor privado que completasse dez anos na mesma empresa.
(...)
Os dois direitos trabalhistas foram substituídos pelo FGTS. As empresas passaram a depositar 8% do salário dos funcionários numa conta individual. Em caso de demissão imotivada, o trabalhador poderia resgatar o dinheiro. Também seria possível fazer o saque para comprar a casa própria, por meio do Banco Nacional da Habitação. O BNH tornou-se o gestor do saldo acumulado de milhões de contas, usado no financiamento da construção de imóveis.
A proposta de criação do FGTS (Projeto de Lei 10/1966), enviada pela Presidência ao Congresso, previa que os novos contratados poderiam optar entre a estabilidade e o Fundo de Garantia. Na prática, porém, as empresas só aceitaram contratar os que abriram mão da estabilidade.
(...)
Para convencer a opinião pública de que trocar a estabilidade pelo FGTS era uma boa ideia, o governo usou vários argumentos. Campos alegava que o fundo daria “estabilidade real” ao trabalhador, uma vez que poucos atingiam dez anos na mesma empresa — muitos eram demitidos justamente para não alcançar o direito. Calculava-se que menos de 20% dos empregados eram estáveis.
(...)
O presidente do Congresso, senador Auro de Moura Andrade (Arena-SP), abriu a votação: 100 deputados votaram sim, 40 votaram não e 2 se abstiveram. A votação, porém, não valeu, pois era necessária a presença de ao menos 203 deputados. Os senadores nem chegaram a votar.
Para aprovar o FGTS, Castello se valeu do Ato Institucional 2 (AI-2), de 1965, que previa a promulgação automática de projetos da Presidência que não fossem votados em 30 dias. O FGTS tornou-se a Lei 5.107, promulgada em 13 de setembro de 1966. Em 1970, estimava-se que 70% dos trabalhadores haviam aderido ao fundo.”
Percebam que, mesmo durante um período de força autoritária, foi cometida uma extrema violência contra os trabalhadores brasileiros; contudo, houve um esforço da oposição consentida para evitar que se fosse efetivada essa retirada de direitos, numa troca desfavorável ao trabalhador.
Com a chegada ao poder de governos de cunho mais liberal, vê-se o serviço público como um grande nicho a ser explorado por empresas privadas; daí, vários setores, como serviços de eletricidade e telefonia foram concedidos temporariamente, tendo o serviço regulado por agências, como ANEL, ANATEL, ANP, ANVISA, e por aí vai. Todavia, basta dar uma olhada nos serviços de defesa do consumidor para notar um detalhe muito importante: os campeões de reclamação costumam ser esses serviços públicos concedidos.
Em nome do aumento da eficiência, demitiram-se trabalhadores, que acumularam funções; nisso, perdeu-se justamente a eficiência, já que, como os problemas somente aumentaram, continuamos com problemas em diversos setores.
Por exemplo: por mais que empresas privadas cuidem do setor elétrico, é possível mudar de empresa, caso queiramos outro serviço de eletricidade? Até onde se saiba, não. Nesse meio tempo, já cheguei a ficar 72 horas sem eletricidade sem qualquer justificativa.
Além disso, há diversos locais em que sequer chegou a telefonia móvel por simplesmente não haver torres de celular. Para quem tem condições, basta ir a alguma área rural da sua cidade para verificar e tentar estabelecer qualquer forma de conexão (ligação telefônica ou acesso à internet).
Os trabalhadores desses setores, na maioria das vezes, sofrem com um regime estressante, lutando para conseguir bater metas; quando não as atingem, por conta de situações alheias à sua vontade, qual é o destino do trabalhador? Não preciso nem explicar.
Quando pensamos em setores como saúde e educação, já ocorre uma privatização disfarçada, que é a terceirização. Empresas privadas assumem setores, como limpeza e alimentação, oferecendo aos trabalhadores regimes precários de trabalho – basta haver troca de governante para também acontecer troca de empresas; muitos trabalhadores perdem tempo de serviço migrando de empresa em empresa, fora que muitas simplesmente não pagam seus trabalhadores em dia, especialmente quando se encerra o contrato na troca de governo.
Mesmo que trabalhadores da educação e da saúde, geralmente os mais próximos da população, sejam, na maioria, concursados, imagine como ficaria o serviço, na troca de funcionários a cada mudança de governo? Imagine, além disso, policiais e juízes sendo trocados também a cada mudança de governante, tendo colocados, em seu lugar, escolhidos pelo governante?
Se temos problemas no serviço público, não podemos negar, mas boa parte desses problemas vem exatamente na falta de investimentos no setor: não adianta simplesmente reformar escolas e postos de saúde sem fornecer cursos de qualificação e atualização – ou vice-versa. E será que, quando uma empresa privada assumir, haverá eficiência? No geral, demitem-se profissionais, e os que ficam acumulam funções de outros, precarizando ainda mais o setor.
No dia em seguinte ao decreto de início de privatização do setor de saúde, bem como sonegação do gozo de folga do dia – no dia do comerciário, qual comerciário trabalha? No dia do bancário, qual bancário trabalha? – vemos o quando ainda é preciso repensar o valor do serviço público na vida das pessoas, bem como aumentar a conscientização de que o serviço público de qualidade depende da conscientização da população em entender o que é serviço público e as várias nuances dele, bem como a aproximação dos servidores da população atendida para mostrar o quanto essas pessoas têm a perder não somente com o fim da estabilidade dos servidores, mas também com a concessão de serviço privado, que não garante melhoria de nada, apenas aumenta a possibilidade de lucros de determinados empresários, interessadas em investimentos mínimos.
Serviço público de qualidade: população satisfeita.
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alvaromatias1000 · 4 years
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Riscos no Crédito Imobiliário Indexado ou Prefixado com Repactuado
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Alex Ribeiro (Valor, 03/02/2020) alerta: depois de criar uma linha de financiamento imobiliário indexada à inflação, o governo estuda agora adotar a repactuação de contratos para viabilizar empréstimos prefixados, segundo informações de técnicos que participam das discussões. Ambas concentram os riscos nos clientes, deixando-os vulneráveis no caso de eventual aceleração inflacionária ou alta de juros.
O sistema de repactuação de contratos é usado em países como o Reino Unido. Permite cobrar juros menores, pois o banco não precisa adicionar um prêmio nas taxas para cobrir o risco de variação dos juros. O Reino Unido, porém, é uma economia muito mais estável que o Brasil, com menor nível de juros reais e menor volatilidade de taxas.
A Caixa Econômica Federal pretende lançar a nova linha prefixada ainda neste trimestre, ampliando o leque de opções a disposição de seus clientes que querem comprar a casa própria. Em agosto de 2019, entraram em operação seus financiamentos imobiliários vinculados ao Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA).
A repactuação dos contratos provavelmente será aplicada a cada cinco anos. Para o mutuário, isso significa que, se os juros vigentes em mercado tiverem subido, o saldo devedor será corrigido por essa taxa mais alta. De forma análoga, se os juros baixarem, os encargos da dívida também diminuem.
As discussões ainda estão nas áreas técnicas, mas a adoção de cláusulas de repactuação parece inevitável para viabilizar linhas de financiamento prefixadas. Embora a curva de juros futuros chegue a dez anos, a liquidez é muito restrita em prazos superiores a cinco anos. É um horizonte muito curto comparado com os financiamentos imobiliários, que chegam a 20 ou 30 anos.
Muitos especialistas manifestaram preocupação com os empréstimos indexados ao IPCA. Hoje, a inflação está baixa e sob controle, mas o histórico brasileiro de estabilidade monetária é ainda recente. Em 2015, por exemplo, a inflação chegou a um pico de 11,7%. A aceleração da inflação foi um dos fatores por trás do colapso do Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH), na década de 1980, e levaram à criação do Fundo de Compensação de Variações Salariais (FCVS), uma conta que vem sendo paga até hoje pelo Tesouro Nacional.
Os empréstimos prefixados com repactuação representam um risco ainda maior para os clientes. Neles, ficam expostos tanto ao risco de variação da inflação quando de mudanças na taxa real de juro.
A taxa Selic está testando sua mínima histórica há dois anos, o que tende a baratear os custos de quem tomar financiamento prefixado com repactuação. Mas como esses mutuários estarão dentro de cinco anos? Em boa medida, os juros estão baixos devido a fatores cíclicos: a economia ainda não se curou da recessão e o desemprego é muito alto, por isso o Banco Central tem mantido juros estimulativos para impedir que a inflação caia abaixo da meta. Em algum momento, porém, os estímulos serão retirados.
O nível estrutural de juros, por outro lado, é hoje desconhecido. Os economistas acreditam que a taxa que mantém a economia em equilíbrio no longo prazo tenha caído para algo em torno de 3,5% reais ao ano. Mas essa é uma estimativa precária. Com o ajuste fiscal ainda incompleto, parece cedo para afirmar que os juros baixos vieram para ficar.
O sistema de crédito imobiliário se tornou um pouco mais arriscado, também, devido à mudança na fórmula de amortização. Depois de sofrer prejuízos com financiamentos habitacionais na virada do século, que obrigaram um aporte de recursos pelo Tesouro, a Caixa havia adotado o sistema de amortização constante (SAC) para mitigar riscos. Nele, as prestações no começo do contrato são mais altas e caem ao longo do tempo. Junto com a indexação do IPCA, voltou a amortização pela tabela price, com prestações menores, mas com valores constantes.
Com a indexação ao IPCA e tabela price, as prestações de novos contratos habitacionais ficaram cerca de 30% menores. Bancos privados que relutavam em correr os riscos dessa nova modalidade de empréstimos tiveram que oferecê-la, pressionados pela competição da Caixa, líder do mercado. Hoje, 10% dos contratos habitacionais já são fechados nessas condições; o estoque de operações chega a R$ 6 bilhões em apenas cinco meses e há algo como R$ 15 bilhões em empréstimos engatilhados para contratação.
Não existe mágica: as prestações são mais baixas porque os mutuários estão arcando com mais riscos. É como cortar o seguro do carro para conseguir um respiro no orçamento doméstico. Funciona bem até ocorrer um sinistro que leve à perda total. O Banco Central tem afirmado que, de forma geral, preços de imóveis sobem junto com a inflação, por isso essa seria uma espécie de proteção. A crise do “subprime” nos Estados Unidos, no entanto, mostra como em alguns períodos essa relação se quebra, ora com os preços de imóveis subindo mais forte (e levando a mais endividamento), ora caindo fortemente.
Em entrevista à repórter Talita Moreira, do Valor, o presidente da Caixa, Pedro Guimarães, defendeu a mudança do indexador da caderneta de poupança, que também corrige financiamentos habitacionais. Em vez da taxa referencial (TR), “por que não um percentual do CDI ou da inflação?”. Originalmente, a TR foi criada exatamente assim, como uma taxa que flutuava automaticamente de acordo com os juros de mercado, baseado nos custos médios de captação dos maiores bancos em papéis como o Certificado de Depósitos Bancários (CDBs).
Na década de 1990, porém, o Banco Central subiu fortemente os juros, para manter a âncora cambial num período em que o Brasil foi atingido por choques externos. Os juros altos encareceram as prestações da casa própria, aumentando a inadimplência. Para evitar o colapso do sistema, o governo criou um redutor para a TR, que é definido pelo Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN).
Hoje, a TR é vista como um estorvo, porque é difícil securitizar créditos indexados por uma taxa definida com uma canetada pelo governo. Mas, para mudá-la, é preciso o devido sequenciamento, garantindo antes uma sólida estabilidade macroeconômica.”
Riscos no Crédito Imobiliário Indexado ou Prefixado com Repactuado publicado primeiro em https://fernandonogueiracosta.wordpress.com
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