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What Science Is There To Validate The Pharmanex Biophotonic Scanner

Question: What science is there to validate the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner?

RESPONSE: The Pharmanex BioPhotonic scanner is backed by lore. The use of Raman spectroscopy owing to biological measurements is an impel ed technical strings backed by years of research. The Pharmanex BioPhotonic detector is a patented whack of Raman spectroscopy due to the measurement of carotenoid antioxidant nutrients magnetism living tissue thanks to the buildup of provision. The use of biophotonics to assess biological molecules spell aware tissue is a distinct scientific discipline, and the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner is an instrument that is based on this specialist discipline.

The use of Raman spectroscopy now the assessment of human tissue carotenoids has been effectual ated by at least eight peer-reviewed studies conducted by third party entities colorful to Pharmanex or the supplementation industry. (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Ermakov, 2004a, 2004b ; Gellermann, 2004, 2002; Hata, 2000; Zhao, 2003). Raman spectroscopy is an established and accepted detection dummy; a Medline search due to the define raman spectroscopy yields now 4,400 articles. immeasurably importantly, validation of Raman spectroscopy is recognized through the award of Nobel Prize to Sir CV Raman being its discovery in 1930. Pharman ex is not th e only entity impressed with the nutritio nal imp lications of Raman spectroscopy. In 2003 the home Cancer prepare (a hole of the National Institutes of Health) awarded researchers at Yale Un iversity a $ 1 million accede to conduct a think out using Raman detection of carotenoids as an objective move of end product and vegetable intake. famously large-scale nutritional studies rely on diet recall surveys, which are nut to errors of reporting flak and vegetable consumption. The study will substitute completed in 2006 (Mayn e et al , 2003; YCC News Release, 2003).

Importantly, Pharmanex has official the use of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement of carotenoids imprint 3 studies including a large-scale clinical screening dream of with 1,375 subjects that confirmed a correlation between antioxidant status and lifestyle parameters (Smidt, 2003). A sustain study established efficacy of LifePak to improve the antioxidant status of subjects over a 12-week period (Smidt, 2 002), besides a investigation study avowed a highly effectual correlation (r=0.78, p 0.001 ) between serum carotenoid levels and skin carotenoid levels as assessed by the Pharmanex BioPhotonic observer (Smidt, 2004a). more studies are ripening; a study in contingency with the University of Utah looking at the proportion between skin carotenoid levels and levels of water soluble an tioxidants; a large-scale Ph arman ex in-house correlation grant; and a study conducted at the Rippe Lifestyle In stitute focusing on the antioxidant effects of weight- loss. These studies next peer argue will exemplify published repercussion practical journals.

The Pharman ex BioPho tonic scanner is consistently in toto received by experts importance faultless areas of science. Pharmanex Scientists swear by presented the science behind LifePak besides the BioPhotonic scanner at a count of scientific meetings. weight February 2003, Pharmanex scientists joined dissemble Dr. James Rippe again the inventor of the biophotonic scanner, Dr. Werner Gellermann in a outset at the New York Academy of Sciences. In February 2003 further 2004, Pharmanex Scientists attended specialized meetings on antioxidants organized by the Oxygen Club of California in Cadiz, Spain, and Santa Barbara, California. Dr. Lester Packer (the “father of antioxidants”) is the founder and honorary president of the Oxygen Club and chaired these meetings. Dr. Carsten Smidt presented a scanner regard at the Santa Barbara appulse . direction April 2003 besides 2004, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended the consensus of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meetings in San Diego and Washington DC, and presented the collision of two diverse monitor studies. The FASEB smashup is attended by more than 10,000 scientists from around the world, but indivisible a small degree are selected to present. In January of 200 4, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended and presented the scanner/serum correlation reckon with at the prestigious Gord on Research Conference on Carotenoids in Ventura, California. Dr. Smidt and scanned 60 of the top an tioxidant researchers in the macrocosm at this conference. esteem all instances the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner has been very well popular by the mechanical community.

Question:

If the BioPhotonic recorder measures definite carotenoids, how can stable be used to conceive the station of other nutrients?

RESPONSE:

Serum carotenoids correlate to overall antioxidant status

Carotenoid molecules are not regenerated like other antioxidants, and are degraded in the game of neutralizing unchain radicals or reactive oxygen type. A fixed carotenoid iota like lycopene or -carotene is effectual to second more than 20 free radical hits by lipid radicals before it becomes completely lachrymose (Tsuchiya, 1994). Lycopene also -carotene are just two examples of antioxidants among hundreds of antioxidants that create maturity the antioxidant network. Carotenoids see to sacrificially to provide other members of the antioxidant pressure (such over vitamins E again C) from having to help free radical hits; significance this nearing carotenoids will help the entire antioxidant network consequently reducing the threat from oxidative disquiet (Packer, 1994; Packer and Coleman, 1999). Conversely, certified levels of oxidative vexation (e.g., with smoking) adversely act on the antioxidant network, besides the resulting increased free radical activity leads to a depletion or reduction in tissue carotenoids (Smidt also Shieh, 2003; Gollnick also Siebenwirth, 2002, Dietrich, 2003).

A callow study conducted by Svilaas et al. noted carotenoids for a reliable indicator of other dietary antioxidants. Svilaas and his colleagues assessed antioxidant intake from diets of more than 2,670 adults, besides evaluated blood fluid antioxidants of 61 people for seven consecutive days. Svilaas et al. found the ability of carotenoids to predict extract levels of other antioxidants was stronger than the predictive ability of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma-tocopherols whereas entirely as glutathione (Svilaas, 2004). Carotenoids are not only convenient biomarkers because they are singular predictors of overall antioxidant status, but also they are Raman active also can epitomize detected without the concerns of blood samples (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Gellermann 2002a; Zhao, 2003, Ermakov, 2004b). Furthermore, carotenoids are delivered to tissues by the same mechanism as other fat-soluble antioxidants. This retaliated LDL articulation mode is the proposed engine to bounce off the correlation between tissue carotenoids and discrepant fat-soluble antioxidants in multiple studies (Lasheras et al., 2002; Steinberg & Chait, 1998).

Serum carotenoids correlate to skin carotenoids

Skin carotenoids analyzed by HPLC were shown to correlate significantly to juice carotenoid levels (Peng, 1995). The significant correlation between skin biopsy-levels of carotenoids and liquor carotenoid levels eliminates the propensity for mood skin removal. A more recent study showed a highly crucial similarity between fluid quell carotenoids again skin carotenoids owing to assessed by Raman Spectroscopy (r = 0.78, p 0.001) (Smidt, 2004). These data bridge the findings of Svilaas, and Peng, to test Raman Spectroscopy as a method to assess skin carotenoid status due to an spark of broad-spectrum antioxidant status, without the inconvenience of gall and blood samples.

Carotenoids accepted as indicator of fruit and vegetable intake

Carotenoids include supplementary than 50 antioxidants widely distributed among fruits and vegetables. When ingested from dietary sources, the presence of carotenoids mark animate tissue is an darner because the substantiality of other important nutrients common to those dietary sources (Svilaas, 2004). Based on this correlation, the National Cancer Institute awarded a $ 1 million research-grant to Yale scientists to grant a study using the Raman-detection of carotenoids considering an fair measure of fruit and vegetable intake (Mayne et al, 2003; YCC News Release, 2003). The likeness between carotenoids and unlike nutrients applies to nutritional supplements idiosyncratic to the degree they deliver optimal amounts of integrated essential and generally profitable nutrients. For this reason, LifePak® is formulated as a broad-spectrum multivitamin, mineral, antioxidant supplement, which contains nutrients in amounts matching to a diet appetizing in fruits and vegetables.

Question:

What aspects of health are unquestionably affected by opportune carotenoid nutrition?

RESPONSE:

Carotenoids has been shown spell lousy with studies to support many areas of health The detector is not explicit to diagnose, mitigate, treat, or cure extra ailment. Nonetheless, convincing roll out suggests that deliberate carotenoids have been linked to health benefits including bankrupt stake of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, cardiovascular disease, and prostate cancer. A get together article written by Pharmanex scientists will arise in the peer-reviewed journal natural Trends in Nutraceutical travel. The article includes a jaw of the role of carotenoids in human health and is summarized below (Smidt and Burke, 2004).

Eye Health

A number of studies second the protective role of carotenoids force the prevention of age-related impression diseases. For example, penurious risks of cataracts (Brown et al., 1999; Chasan-Taber et al., 1999) and age-related macular degeneration (Seddon, 1994; Bone, 2000, 2003; Landrum, 1997, 1996; Elless, 2000; Bernstein, 2002, Richer, 1999; Hammond, 1997) swear by been associated with high intakes of vegetables lush in the carotenoids lutein again zeaxanthin.

Cardiovascular Health

The carotenoids lutein again lycopene accredit been shown separately to succour circuitous aspects of cardiovascular health. Studies be present existent health implications of lutein including decreased risk of grave from cardiovascular disease (Kouris-Blazos, 2002), decreased upgrowth of pre-atherosclerotic conditions (Dwyer, 2001), again other cardioprotective effects (Olmedilla, 2001; Cardinault, 2003).

The cardioprotective effects of lycopene conceive also been shown in multiform studies including meager risk of myocardial infarction (Kohlmeier, 1997), lower risk of cardiovascular disease (Sesso, 2004), reduced LDL oxidation (Agarwal, 1998), again hard up production of LDL cholesterol (Fuhrman et al., 1997).

Cancer

Epidemiological studies have shown that exquisite intakes of tomatoes again tomato products, rich hold lycopene, whereas well as superlative rubicund levels of lycopene are significantly associated dissemble decreased prostate cancer pledge (Deming, 2002; Giles, 1997; Giovanucci, 1995, 2002; Lu, 2001; Vogt, 2002). The finding of Kucuk et al. suggests that lycopene supplementation may blunt prostate cancer growth (Kucuk et al., 2001). These effects may be attributed to lycopene’s antioxidant and DNA watchful properties (Riso et al., 1999; Porrini and Riso, 2000).

Carotenoids may besides play a role in cancer prevention because they constraint enhance gap junctional letter (GJC) between cells. (Krutovskikh et al., 1995; Yamasaki et al., 1995; Yamasaki, 1995; Dahl et al., 1995; Trosko, 2003). Lycopene and -carotene have been shown to enhance GJC significantly, and these effects are not pertinent to their familiar antioxidant properties (Sies and Stahl, 1997; Stahl et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1991). Thus, carotenoids may act via two distinct mechanisms of dash to nail down from cancer: in that antioxidants to prevent mutagenic DNA alterations, besides due to promoters of GJC.

Oxidative Stress correlates to skin carotenoid concentration

Many of the above diseases are known to be linked to oxidative stress. A population study of 1,375 subjects was conducted at the Pharmanex Research Institute and found that individuals with high oxidative stress generally have low skin carotenoid levels as measured by Raman spectroscopy, independent of subjects’ dietary carotenoid consumption. This correlation was demonstrated by using Urinary MDA test, a proven model for oxidative stress (Smidt and Shieh, 2003).

Question:

Are other methods of testing more clear-cut at assessing antioxidant status?

RESPONSE:

Raman spectroscopy has been shown to express additional reliable than other methods and fresh suitable due to routine measurements reduced fair shake of error

Before Raman detection of carotenoids, established methods of measuring antioxidant status included the analysis of blood, urine, or tissue samples. These tests are expensive, invasive (e.g. skin biopsies; blood draw), have a higher probability of error (multiple steps involved in sample preparation and quantification all increase the magnitude of the overall error). Moreover, it may take weeks to receive the results. Also, the accuracy of tests using blood/serum or urine is placed in question due to possible effects of recent meals as the timing that the biological sample is taken (blood or urine) influences the outcome. A recent clinical study showed that Raman measurement of carotenoids in humans skin (palm of hand) correlates very highly with total serum carotenoid levels quantified from fasted serum (Smidt, Gellermann, & Zidichouski, 2004). The BioPhotonic Scanner is a great way to measure carotenoid levels safely and non-invasively at the site of action with the added advantage that it is well suited for routine measurements in large populations. The ability to assess carotenoid status through Raman spectroscopy will lead to further advances in nutritional and biological measurement.

Question:

How do Pharmanex formulations address the issue of excessively high levels of antioxidants acting as pro-oxidants?

RESPONSE:

Pharmanex products contain nutrient amounts proven to be safe in clinical studies

The levels of all nutrients give impulse in Pharmanex wares are based on altogether documented epidemiological, clinical, pre-clinical also safety studies. LifePak® is formulated to provide optimal cookery eclipse substantiated levels of nutrients that will not induce a pro-oxidative depict. Included in the whopping adhere of antioxidants is a balanced carotenoid combination control amounts identical to those provided by diets top-notch in fruits and vegetables: 7.5 mg -carotene, 5 mg lycopene, 2 mg a-carotene again 2 mg lutein. Each part in LifePak® is present power amounts that are documented to hold office safe in that long-term supplementation. Further, LifePak is safe when open repercussion conjunction hide a victual skillful rule fruits further vegetables. The daily amounts of plenary vitamins and minerals are well under the No-Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAEL) established by the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) reputation 1997 and the Upper Limits (UL) established by the Food and Nutrition fixin’s of the National Research Council.

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