#Cecile Francois Toussaint III | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

1baddmouthcrown · 5 years

Text

1728 September the British send more troops to Jamaica and later on in the year also send a new governor, Major General Robort Hunter.

1929 Maroon leader Jeddo leads an attack on the North East town Port Antonio.

1730 Lieutenant Soaper soldiers are ambushed by the windward maroons.

1731 Two British regiments are sent to Hunter.

1732 Hunters three parties capture the stronghold of the Windward Maroon leader Nanny overlooking stony river from a 900ft ridge in the Blue Mountains of the parish of Portland.

1733 Hunter party British seamen are ambushed by the Windward maroons ambushed.

1734 The Windward Maroons parishes of Portland and St. George, and loose the Black Shot forces. Hunter dies and John Ayscough is appointed governor in his place. Nanny Town is recaptured. Captain Shuttlewood’s party defeated, the Maroons attack an estate in Saint George including fort and barracks.

1673 200 slaves revolt in the parish of St. Ann and form the Maroons in the parish of St. George.

1739 Leeward Maroon leader Chief Cudjoe signs treaty with British colonel John Guthrie and Captain Francis Sadler troops sent by the British governor Edward Trelawny suspicious of being tricked send forth kissed Guthrie’s hand and embraced his legs and kissed his feet giving the Maroons 1500 acres in Cockpit Country between Cudjoes town of Trelawny in the mountains of the parish of St. James and Akan Maroon leader Accompong’s town in the hills of the parish of St. Elizabeth, however the town itself not included, Accompong named as Cudjoes successor, return runaway slaves for $2 each.

1690 400 slaves revolt on the Sutton plantation in the parish of Clarendon.

Milton McFarione according to the oral Cudjoe was the son Naquan the leader of the Sutton plantation.

1740 June 23 July Quao signs treaty with Robert Bennett and Nanny signs treaty giving them 500 acres of land Nanny New Nanny Town (Moore Town) and Quao Crawford Town.

1746 Superintendents are assigned to Crawford Town and Edward Crawford, from who the town gets its name from, is made its leader.

Lieutenant Ross and militia sent by Governor Charles Knowles to negotiate with Quao.

1751 Thomas Thistlewood Egypt plantation in the parish of Westmoreland meets Captain Cujdoe. "he had on a feather’d hat, Sword at his Side, gun upon his Shoulder...Bare foot and Bare legg’d, somewhat a Majestic look".

1751 - 1758 Saint Domingue Hougan Francois Mackandal.

1753 Phyllis Wheatley born in Africa.

1754 Quao and maroons kill Ned Crawford along with three superintendents.

1756 Accompong Town is granted 1, 000 acres of land by the Jamaican Assembly.

July 30 Thistlewood whips two slaves and “washed and rubbed in salt pickle, lime juice & bird pepper”

August 1 Thistlewood catches runaway slave Hazat “put him in the bilboes both feet; gagged him; rubbed him with molasses & exposed him naked to the flies all day & the mosquitoes all night, without fire”.

1760 May Easter Sunday July Saint Mary, Jamaica Fante chief Tacky Rebellion attack the Frontier and Trinity plantations, raid the English Garrison Fort Haldane in Port Maria gunpowder and firearms and estates Heywood Hall, Esher, Ballards Valley. Obeahman puts portection spell on, Charles Town superintendent Charles Swigle Militia Windward Maroons officers Clash and Sambo from Moore Town, Quaco and Cain from Charles Town and Cudio and Davy from Scotts Hall, the Obeahman is captured and left for to see from their lookout, Scotts Hall Maroon, marksman, Lieutenant Davy. pursues Tacky, shoots him and cuts off his head which is displayed on a pole in Spainish Town.

1761 July 11 Wheatley is sold by local chief to trader and brought on the ship Phillis to Boston, Massachusetts.

1764 Cudjoe passes away, Governor of Jamaica Roger Hope Elletson Superintendent John James Twelawny Town Maroon officer Lewis James.

1767 Wheatley at age of 14 writes her first poem “To the University of Cambridge, in New England”.

1768 Wheatley writes her poem "To the King's Most Excellent Majesty"George III repealing the stamp act.

1770 Wheatley writes her poem, a tribute to George Whitefield entitled.

February 14 Scottish explorer James Bruce of Kinnaird arrives in Gondar received by Emperor Tekle Haymanot II, Ras Michael Sehul.

November 14 Bruce reaches Gish Abay the source of the Lesser Abay.

1772 Wheatley defends the authorship of her poems in court of Boston luminaries.

1773 Superintendent appoints Maroon captains Crankey and Muncko as his officers in the Town of Accompong.

Wheatley travels to London and at the age of just 20 has her book Poems on Subjects Religious and Moral published and emancipated meets Lord Mayor.

Bruce travels to Paris where he presents Book of Enoch to King Louis XV French National Library.

“A Negro hung alive by the ribs to a gallows”; background shows skulls (presumably of beheaded slaves) on posts. This illustration was based on a 1773 eyewitness description. An incision was made in the victim’s ribs and a hook placed in the hole. In this case, the victim stayed alive for 3 days until clubbed to death by the sentry guarding him who he had insulted. This and other engravings are found in the autobiographical narrative of Stedman, a young Dutchman who joined a military force against rebellions of the enslaved in the Dutch colony. The engravings are based on Stedman’s own drawings and were done by professional engravers. For the definitive modern edition of the original 1790 Stedman manuscript, which includes this and other illustrations see Richard and Sally Price, eds. Narrative of a five years expedition against the revolted Negroes of Surinam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988).

“1773 Flagellation of a Female Samboe Slave.”Shows a female hanging from a tree with deep lacerations; in background two white men and two black men, the latter with whips. Stedman witnessed this event in 1774. The female was an eighteen-year old girl who was given 200 lashes for having refused to have intercourse with an overseer. She was “lacerated in such a shocking manner by the whips of two negro-drivers, that she was from her neck to her ancles literally dyed with blood.”

1775 Wheatley sends a copy of her poem “To His Excellency, George Washington” to him.

1776 March Wheatly accepts Washington’s invitation to visit him in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

April Wheatly’s “To His Excellency, George Washington” poem is also published by Thomas Paine in the Pennsylvania Gazette.

A young free black carpenter being beaten on the rack. Stedman witnessed this scene in 1776. The man (on the orders of white authority) had been accused of stealing a sheep and shooting an overseer who discovered the theft. This method of torture was intended to keep the victim alive long enough to endure extreme pain before his eventual death. In this case, the victim’s left hand was cut off before he died as additional punishment for theft and to serve as an example to others. the above scene is described by Stedman on pp. 546-549 of the Price edition.

Shows a woman carrying a weight chained to her ankle; in background, a man tilling ground with a hoe. The woman was judged guilty of not speaking when spoken to by a white person; for this she received 200 lashes and was forced to carry a 100 lb. weight for several months.

1781 Samuel Grant officer of Charles Town and maroon party kill Three Finger Jack.

Saint Domingue (Haiti), “Pearl of the Antilles” according to in 1787, the French imported 20, 000 slaves from Africa into Saint-Domingue while the British imported about 38, 000 slaves to all of their Caribbean colonies.

1789 August 26 National Assembly publish Declaration of the Rights of Man.

1789 Gens de couleurlibres (free man of color), Vincent Ogé and Julien Raimond right to vote men of their class, approach Grandsblancs planters in Paris and attend meetings at, and become leaders of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks anti slavery society founded in the previous year in Paris by Jacques Pierre Brissot. Oge French National Assembly for representation and voting rights.

1790 October Oge returns to St. Domingue writes a letter argues that the promulgation of the amendment passed on March 8 by the French National Assembly free men of property citizen vote colonial, refused by Colonial governor Count de Blanchelande, Oge meets with Jean-Baptiste Chavannes, American Revolution veteran,

1790 Oge and Chavannes begin insurgence defeating several militia detachments from Le Cap Francais and are forced to flee and take refuge across the border in Santo Domingo.

Bruce publishes Volume 3 of his Travels to discover the source of the Nile.

November 20 Oge and Chavannes are captured in Hispaniola.

1791 February 6 Oge is broken on the wheel and beheaded in the public square in Le Cap.

August to 1804 Saint Domingue Hougan DuttyBoukman and Mambo Cecile Fatiman begin the Vodou ceremony at Bois Caïman of what becomes the Hatian revolution, lead by Jean Francois Papillon, Georges Biassou and Jeannot Bullet.

September The white militias kill 15, 000 blacks.

Revolution 100, 000 people after two months 4, 000 Whites killed inflicting property damage of a cost of 2 million francs 15, 000 Blacks killed.

Papillon and Biassou execute Jeannot.

Jean Jacques Dessalines becomes a lieutenant in Papillon’s army and with Papillon in Santo Domingo joins the Spainish against the French.

1792 Legislative Assembly dispatch 600 French soldiers under governor Léger-Félicité Sonthonax. August 29 Sonthonax and Étienne Polverel free slaves.

1793 France declare war on Britain. Jacobin Toussaint L'Ouverture is made a Knight of the Spanish order of Saint Isabela. January L'Ouverture loses the fortified post La Tannerie to French General Étienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Lavaux. August 29 L'Ouverture makes his declaration of Camp Turel and French commissioners Sonthonax and Polverel make their proclamation of emancipation. September 20 600 British soldiers from Jamaica land at Jérémie. September 22 Mole St. Nicolas, the main French naval base in Saint Domingue surrender to the Royal Navy. November 26 General Charles Grey aka "No-flint Grey" and Admiral Sir John Jervis set sail from Portsmouth.

1794 February 4 the National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic, under Maximilien Robespierre proclaim the abolition of slavery in all French colonies and giving civil and political rights to all Blacks. February Grey and Jervis arrive in the West Indies Martinique, Saint Lucia and Guadalupe. May 6 L'Ouverture ambushes the Spanish after mass at church at San Raphael. May 19 Troops from Greys force under commander John Whyte arrive in Saint Domingue, march to and take Port Au Prince allowing Sonthonax and the French to leave on condition that they do not burn the 45 ships of sugar in the harbour. May L'Ouverture and Sonthonax command in the North whilst André Rigaud commands in the South. L'Ouverture switches his allegiance and now fights on the side of the French, raises the republican flag over the port of Gonaïves, eradicates all Spanish supporters from Cordon de l'Ouest and joins 4, 000 of his troops with those of Lavaux’s, with his brother Paul, nephew Moise, Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe being among his officers. Rigaud takes the town of Léogâne by storm and drives the British back to Port-au-Prince. December 25 Rigaud takes Tiburon in surprise attack. Soldiers of the 104th, 105th, 111th and 112th regiment in Dublin and Cork, Ireland riot.

1795 April 22 The Brigand War, The Battle of Rabot, Soufrier, Saint Lucia.

July Treaty of Baseline. Jean-François and Biassou fight against L'Ouverture.

The second Maroon war. The Montego Bay magistrate flogging of two Trelawny Maroons over the theft of two pigs, Governor Alexander Lindsay the 6th Earl of Balcarres has Trelawny Maroons imprisoned.

August 65 British killed by the Trelawny Maroons in the first two weeks, with a total of 16 Trelawny Maroons killed.

Walpole with the 13th Light Dragoons joins the British against the Trelawny Maroons.

Governor Walpole scorched earth strategy dry season.

Balcarres imports 100 bloodhounds from Cuba.

Captain James Palmer of Trelawny shots Captain Chambers and cuts off the Accompong head.

In Trelawny Town Militia Colonel William Finch and Colonel Sanford’s two detachments are ambushed and the Colonels themselves killed.

December Walpole negotiates the terms of surrender with Montague James and his junior officer Lieutenant Major John Jarett, Walpole solemnly promises that the Maroons will not be sent off the island, Balcarres deports 600 Maroons to Nova Scotia including, Walpole resigns.

November Francois and Biassou and leave for Spain and Florida. November 16 The Great Push 30, 000 men on 200 ships under General Ralph Abercromby depart. December 9 wrecked by storm.

1796 March 17 Abercromby arrives in Barbados and despatches force under Major General Gordon Forbes to Port-au-Prince, fails to take French held city of Leogane, French Commander Alexandre Peton uses guns of his fort to sink three ships under Admiral Hyde Parker and then turning his guns to the British, Forbes retreats back to Port au Prince. March 20 Commander Jean-Louis Villatte captures and overthrows French General Lavaux as Governor as part of his plan to ally with Rigaud, L'Ouverture’s troops arrive at Cap-Français to freeing Lavaux and drive Villatte out. May Lavaux promotes L'Ouverture to commander of the West province. Sonthonax arrives with the French third commission, promotes Louverture to General and makes arrangements for L’Ouvetures sons Placide and Issac to attend a school for children of colonials in France. highest ranking officer. June 1 198 of 1, 000 from the Sixty-sixth regiment and 515 of 1, 000 men of the Sixth-ninth regiment not infected with yellow fever. September elections for colonial representatives of the French National Assembly, Louveture both Lavaux and Sonthonax also elected. October Lavaux leaves, Sonthonax stays.

1797 L'Ouverture appointed Lieutenant General second only to Lavaux himself.

5, 000 of Greys 7, 000 die from yellow fever and the Royal Navy 11, 000.

The Battle of Rabot, Soufrier, Saint Lucia recruited to 1st West India Regiment Sierra Leone.

1797 February General John Graves Simcoe replaces Forbes with orders to pull back the British to Port au Prince. April 11 British Colonel Thomas Maitland of the Sixty-second Foot regiment lands in Port-au-Prince. L’Ouverture retakes the fortress at Mirebalais. June 7 L'Ouverture attacks Fort Churchill. July Simcoe and Maitland sail to London to advise withdrawal from colony.

1798 March Maitland returns with mandate to withdraw from Port au Prince. French Commissioner, Gabriel Hédouville, arrives. April 30 L’Ouveture signs treaty with General Maitland for amnesty for French counter revolutionaries. May Port au Prince is returned to French rule. May 10 Maitland meets with Louverture to agree armistice. May 18 The British leave Port au Prince. July L’Ouveture and Rigaud meet Hedouville. August 31 Maitland and L'Ouverture lift the British blockade on the condition L’Ouverture agrees not to involve himself in any rebellion in Jamaica. Commissioner Hédouville tries to interfere with an insurrection started by L'Ouverture’s adopted nephew Hyacinthe Moïse. October Hédouville sails for France.

1799 June 16-18 War of Knives, Rigaud sends 4, 000 troops to take the bordering towns of Petit-Goâve and Grand-Goâve, Louverture’s officer Laplume. Petion joins Rigaud with a large contingent of veteran troops. Rigaud North Le Cap, Port de Paix and Mole Saint Nicolas and west central Artibonite plain. Christophe and Dessalines troops. August Louverture U.S. President John Adams blockade ports held by Rigaud. L’Ouverture with 45, 000 – 50, 000 troops Rigaud 15, 000. November Christophe’s army Jacmel whilst Dessalines army Petit and Grand Goave. The U.S. Navy frigate USS General Greene, commanded by Captain Christopher Perry provides Toussaint with fire support Louveture lays siege on Jacmel held by Rigauds forces.

0 notes