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#Ernst Harthern
cotoba-blog · 2 years
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リリーの勇気
1920年代から30年にかけて行われた「世界初の性転向手術」を描いた映画『リリーのすべて』は実話を元にした作品で、ハマった私はその原作を読んだ。男性アンドレアス(出生名はアイナー•モーンス•ウェグナー)が女性のリリー•エルベとなった自伝の英訳本(原書はドイツ語)のタイトルは絶妙で、『Man into Woman』という。 930年のリリーの死後、遺された日記を元に友人(Ernst Harthern=Niels Hoyer)がまとめて1933年に出版した本によれば、1910年前後からアンドレアスはリリーとして生活することが日常となった。ゲルダとともに欧州各地を旅するリリー•は、自分のなかにもたげてくる感情に気づき、ある夜、妻のゲルダにうちあけた。 Really I cannot imagine what existence would be like if Lili should one…
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uwmspeccoll · 3 years
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Pride Month – Trans Literature
UWM Special Collections holds numerous publications in its UWM LGBT Collection documenting the history of the trans experience. Our earliest publication is this 1933 biography of Danish artist Einar Wegener/Lili Elbe, Man into Woman, An Authentic Record of a Change of Sex, compiled and edited by Niels Hoyer (pseudonym for the German writer and translator Ernst Harthern). Elbe was a transgender woman and one of the first documented individuals to receive gender reassignment surgery.
Purportedly on Elbe’s own wishes, Hoyer wrote the account “partly from his own knowledge, partly from material dictated by Lili herself, partly from Lili’s diaries, and partly from letters written by Lili and other persons concerned.” The original Danish edition was published in 1931 under the title Fra mand til kvinde, published by Hage & Clausen. A year later it was published in German by C. Reissner in Dresden under the title Ein Mensch wechselt sein Geschlecht, eine Lebensbeichte; aus hinterlassenen Papieren. Our copy is a fifth printing of the first English-language edition translated by the English socialist and translator Henry James Stenning, and published in 1933 by Jarrolds Publishing. The book includes 25 photographic illustrations and an introduction by the noted Australian/British sexologist Norman Haire.
Elbe was married to Gerda Gottlieb Wegener, a very well-noted artist in her day, and many of her paintings used Elbe as a model. The book not only includes images of Einar, Lili, Gerda, and their friends, but also images of several paintings by Gerda Wegener. Lili Elbe died in 1931 at age 48 not after a second surgery as depicted in the highly fictionalized 2015 biopic The Danish Girl, but after a fourth to implant a uterus, which was rejected by her immune system. The film by Tom Hooper is based on the 2000 novel of the same name by American writer David Ebershoff, which in turn drew much of its source information from Man into Woman.
NOTE: This post is derived directly from our earlier 2016 post highlighting the Oscar nominations for the film.
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Lili Elbe (born December 28, 1882 in Vejle , Denmark as Einar Mogens Andreas Wegener [1] ; † September 12, 1931 in Dresden , Germany ) was a Danish painter . She was probably one of the first intersex people to undergo gender reassignment surgery in 1930/31 . Lili Elbe had operations first in Berlin and then three more times in Dresden. 
The writer Niels Hoyer writes in his book A Man Changes His Sex: A Life Confession that Lili Elbe was born with both male and female organs. 
Gerda Wegener
: Lili Elbe, ca.1928
Lili Elbe and Gerda Gottlieb met as students at the Royal Danish Academy of Art in Copenhagen and married in 1904. Elbe specialized in landscape and architectural painting, while Gottlieb opted for illustration and fashion graphics. In order to expand their sphere of activity, they moved to Paris in 1912 , where Gerda could also live out her lesbian orientation and Lili could live out her female identity more freely.
Around 1913 it became known that the model for Gerda's fashionable figurines was a phenotypic man who called himself Lili Elbe. Only the closest friends knew that Lili Elbe was identical to Einar Wegener; Gerda Wegener introduced Lili to strangers as her husband's sister. In 1930 Lili Elbe decided to finally make the physical adjustment to the perceived gender . In February 1930 she followed Kurt Warnekros' instructions and went to Berlin. The Institute of Sexology of Magnus Hirschfeld in Berlin led the gender reassignment surgeryby. The first operation took place in a practice in Berlin. Then Elbe went to the Dresden women's clinic. On May 26, 1930, Kurt Warnekros performed a second operation.
As a result of the sex reassignment operations, the marriage was annulled by the Danish king; Elbe received papers in its new name.
A few months after the fourth operation in 1931, complications arose, probably due to transplant rejection , from which Lili Elbe died. [4] [5] She was buried on the Dresden Trinity Cemetery in Dresden-Johannstadt in the IIC field.
New tombstone 2016. Lili Elbe's grave, which was leveled in the 1960s, was restored in 2016. The new tombstone was funded by Focus Features , the production company for The Danish Girl . 
Lili Elbe's life story Fra mand til kvinde (From man to woman) first appeared in Danish in 1931, was translated into German, published in Dresden in 1932 and then in London in 1933 in English in a translation from the German version . In 1953 a second unabridged edition was published in New York; the most recent edition in English is from 2004. The book by Niels Hoyer (d. i. Ernst Harthern ) was published in German in 1954 by the Tauchnitz-Verlag under the title "Change - a life confession" 
For Jan Morris , the book she discovered in a bookstore in Ludlow was "the first confirmation that there were other people in the world who were in exactly the same position as me." 
In 2000 David Ebershoff wrote a novel about Lili Elbe and Gerda Wegener (in the book as American painter Greta Waud) with the title The Danish Girl (original title The Danish Girl ). It has been translated into a dozen languages ​​and has been an international bestseller.
The film adaptation of the same name by Tom Hooper premiered on September 5, 2015 at the Venice International Film Festival . Eddie Redmayne plays Lili and Alicia Vikander plays Gerda. At the 2016 Academy Awards , Redmayne was nominated for Best Actor , and Vikander was named Best Supporting Actress.
In November 2013 the Lili Elbe Archive was founded in Berlin as an "independent place for the transmission of one's own history of non-normative gender"; worn by an association of the same name. 
Fra mand til kvinde , 1931
A person changes his gender: a life confession, edited from papers left behind by Niels Hoyer . Translated from the Danish original Fra Mand til Kvinde by Ernst Narthern-Jacobson. DNB entry Reissner, Dresden 1932
Man into woman: the first sex change, a portrait of Lili Elbe: the true and remarkable transformation of the painter Einar Wegener / edited by Niels Hoyer , translated from the German by HJ Stenning. 1933
Man into woman: An authentic record of a change of sex; The true story of the Danish painter Einar Wegener (Andreas Sparre) / [Lili Elbe] , edited by Niels Hoyer, from the German version A man changes his gender into English translated by HJ Stenning. Popular Library, New York 1953 (2nd unabridged edition)
Change - a life confession , edited by Niels Hoyer, Tauchnitz Stuttgart 1954.
Man into woman: the first sex change, a portrait of Lili Elbe: the true and remarkable transformation of the painter Einar Wegener . Blue Boat Books, London 2004, ISBN 978-0-9547072-0-0 .
David Ebershoff (2000): The Danish Girl , Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 2000, German: The Danish Girl , Goldmann, Munich 2000, ISBN 978-3-442-30843-9 .
Literature [ Edit | Edit source ]
Susanne Kailitz (2012): The Experiment. In 1930 the Dresden gynecologist Kurt Warnekros carried out one of the world's first sex reassignments. Now this is the material for a feature film - with Nicole Kidman . In: Die Zeit , January 12, 2012.
Sabine Meyer (2010): With the doll's pram into normative femininity. Lili Elbe and the journalistic staging of transsexuality in Denmark . In: Northern Europe Forum . 20 (2010: 1-2), pp. 33-61.
Rainer Herrn (2005): Patterns of the sex. Transvestism and Transsexuality in Early Sexology . Psychosozial Verlag, Gießen (Lahn) 2005, ISBN 3-89806-463-8 , page 204 ff.
Harald Neckelmann : The story of Lili Elbe. A person changes his gender. Bebra Verlag, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-89809-163-3
��- Collection of images, videos and audio files
Biography of Lili Elbe at the Federal Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation
Gerda Wegener - a photo album ( Memento from October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (in English)
Article about Gerda Wegener and Lili Elbe in the New York Times (in English)
Einar Wegener on artnet
Review of the English version of Lili Elbe's autobiography , oiiaustralia.com , April 17, 2009 (in English)
Lili Elbe (Einar Wegener) 1882–1931 , danmarkshistorien.dk (in Danish)
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