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deliciousrunawaywizard · 3 years

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Vitamaster Owners Manual Treadmill 8708980451

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thearth-stories · 3 years

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Bullfrog Screaming 😲 Most scientists agree that the scream probably evolved as a mechanism to startle attackers, but it could also serve to attract secondary predators. If a bird attacks a frog, for instance, the frog's scream may lure a cat. This largest North American frog, native to the eastern United States and Canada, has been introduced into the western United States and into other countries. The name is also applied to other large frogs, such as Pyxicephalus adspersus in Africa, Rana tigerina in India, and certain of the Leptodactylidae of South America. 🎥TES #bullfrogs #bullfrog #frog #frogs #africanbullfrog #americanbullfrog #frogpose #toad #toads #toadfish #frogart #froglube #screaming #thearthstories #wildlifeperfection #wilderness #wildlifephotography #nature_wizards #nature_seekers #naturephotography #natureza #exploretheworld #amazinghunter #amazingfacts https://www.instagram.com/reel/CR0g2qFDVyu/?utm_medium=tumblr

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maritacarrozza · 5 years

Photo

Class Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Leptodactylidae https://ift.tt/2PNPHSP

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shmosnet2 · 5 years

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اغرب الضفادع صور حيوانات

اغرب الضفادع

أغرب الضفادع لربما أول ما تُفّكر به عندما تسمع كلمة ضفدع هو البرمائي ذو اللون الأخضر أو الرمادي والذي يعيش في المستنقعات أو على الأخشاب، ولكن وبشكل لا يصدق فالضفادع من بين الفقاريات الخمس الأكثر تنوعاً، حيث هناك ما يقرب الـ 4,800 نوع من الضفادع، وهو ما يشكّل نسبة 85 % من البرمائيات الموجودة تقريباً. من بين كل هذه الأنواع هناك بعض الأنواع التي تبدو غريبة مظهراً أو سلوكاً، سأقوم بإختيار أغرب الضفادع بالنسبة لي وسأعرضها مع القليل من المعلومات عن كل واحد منها : الضفدع البرازيلي المُقّرن | Brazilian horned frog : وهو نوع من الضفادع ينتمي لفصيلة [ ليبتوداكتيليداي | Leptodactylidae ]، ويستوطن الأماكن شبه الإستوائية والإستوائية من البرازيل، ويعيش في الغابات الرطبة المنخفضة، والسبخات ذات المياه العذبة، والبرك. وهذا النوع مُعرّض لخطر الإنقراض نتيجةً لتدمير بيئته، بالإضافة إلى تربيته في الأسر كحيوان أليف.

الضفدع البرازيلي المُقّرن | مصدر الصورة بواسطة M. Sacrameto.

ضفدع جالوت | Goliath frog : ما يجعل هذا النوع مميزاً هو حجمه الضخم، حيث يعد أضخم أنواع الضفادع على قيد الحياة، بطول يصل لـ 33 سم من الخطم وحتى نهاية الجسد، ووزن يصل لـ 3 كجم. ويقتصر وجود هذا الضفدع على مساحات صغيرة من الكاميرون وغينيا الإستوائية، وهو نوع مهدد بالإنقراض نتيجة تدمير بيئته، وصيده لأكله وللإتجار به حيث يُربّى كحيوان أليف.

ضفدع جالوت | مصدر الصورة بواسطة Ryan Somma.

الضفدع السلحفاة | Turtle frog : وهو ضفدع غرب إسترالي، الوحيد في جنس [ مايوباتراتشس | Myobatrachus ]. ولهذا الضفدع رأس صغير، وأطراف قصيرة، وجسم مستدير، يصل في طوله إلى 4.5 سنتمتر. سُمّي الضفدع السلحفاة بهذا الاسم لأنه يحفر في الرمل نحو الأمام كالسلحفاة على عكس بقية الضفادع والتي تحفر نحو الخلف. يتغذى الضفدع السلحفاة على النمل، ولذا فتكيّف الأطراف العضلية القصيرة مفيد خصوصاً عند محاولة إختراق تلال النمل.

الضفدع السلحفاة | مصدر الصورة بواسطة Paul J. Morris.

علجوم سورينام | Surinam toad : وهو نوع من الضفادع في فصيلة [ بيبداي | Pipidae ]، يعيش شمال قارة أمريكا الجنوبية، ويستوطن الغابات الرطبة المنخفضة الإستوائية أو شبه الإستوائية، والمستنقعات الإستوائية وشبه الإستوائية، والمستنقعات، والسبخات ذات المياه العذبة. يشبه في شكله ورقة الشجرة، فهو مسطّح بشكل كبير وأطرافه قصيرة ومسطحّة كذلك، ولونه بُنّي غامق. بطول يصل تقريباً لـ 20 سم. وله عينان دقيقتان، ولا يملك لا لسان ولا أسنان.

علجوم سورينام | مصدر الصورة بواسطة Arthur Champan.

ويُع��ف هذه العلجوم بسلوكه وعاداته الإنجابيّة الغريبة، حيث يُصِدر الذكور أصوات نقر حادة على عكس بقية العلاجم التي تجتذب شركائها عن طريق النقيق. وبعدها يعتلي الذكر الانثى ويتشبث بها ليشكّلا ما يُعرف بالزوج التراكبي، وبعدها تسبح الانثى باتجاه سطح الماء لتخرج جزء من جسدها ومن ثم تغطس مرة اخرى، تُكَرر هذه العملية وفي خلال كل مرة تبيض الانثى عدة بيضات تعود إلى ظهرها بفعل حركة الذكر، لتُغرس هذه البيضات في الجلد. وبعد ان تنتهي عملية التزاوج وتلقيح البيض، يتعمق البيض اكثر في الجلد لتصنع كل بيضة تجويف خاص بها، ومن ثم يفقس البيض داخل هذه التجاويف، ولا تخرج العلاجيم إلاّ عندما تُصبح مكتملة النمو. الضفدع الفيتنامي المُطحلب | Vietnamese mossy frog : وهو أحد أنواع الضفادع من فصيلة [ Rhacophoridae ]، يعيش في الفيتنام الشمالية ولربما في الصين أيضاً، ويستوطن الغابات الرطبة المنخفضة الإستوائية وشبه الإستوائية، والغابات الجبلية الرطبة الإستوائية وشبه الإستوائية، والسبخات ذات المياه العذبة، والمناطق الصخرية. وهو ضفدع شبه مائي شبه شجري.

الضفدع المُطحلب | ملكيّة عامّة.

أخذ هذا النوع اسمه من جلده المزركش بالأخضر والبني والذي يشبه الطحالب التي تنمو على الصخور بشكل كبير، ويشكّل جلده هذا شكلاً فعالاً من أشكال التمويه. لهذا الضفدع منصات لزجة تفيد في الإلتصاق بالأسطح وبطن أملس كما في معظم الضفادع الشجرية، وتكون الإناث عادةً أكبر حجماً من الذكور بطول يتراوح بين 7-8 سم. الضفدع البنفسجي | Purple frog : وهو ضفدع يوجد في جبال جنوب الهند، وهو الوحيد في فصيلة [ Nasikabatrachidae ]، له جلد أملس بنفسجي اللون، وجسد مستدير وأطراف قصيرة ورأس صغير بأنف يشبه أنف الخنزير. ويعيش هذا الضفدع تحت الأرض طوال الوقت، حيث يعيش في جحر لا يخرج منه سوى أسبوعين في السنة.

الضفدع البنفسجي | مصدر الصورة بواسطة Karthickbala.

تم دراسة ووصف هذا الضفدع في عام 2003، بعد الحصول على عينة من ادوكي التابعة لولاية خير الله في الهند. وهذا النوع كان معروف قبل ذلك بالنسبة للسكاّن المحليين وبعض الباحثين، ولكن في 2003 تم وصفه وتصنيفه. ضفدع الطماطم | Tomato frog : وهو جنس من أربعة أنواع، ثلاثة منها تنتمي إلى مدغشقر، وهي ضفادع ذات لون أحمر مُشِرق، عندما تشعر بالتهديد تقوم بنفخ جسدها، وإذا ما التقطها المُفترس بفمه، تفرز سائل أبيض ثقيل القوام يصل إلى أعين المفترس ويجبره على تركها، هذا السائل يحوي سُم يسبب الحساسية بالنسبة للبشر، هذه الحساسية غير قاتلة والضفدع لن يفرز السائل سوى في حالة الخوف لذا يُربّى هذا الضفدع كحيوان أليف.

ضفدع الطماطم | مصدر الصورة .

يتراوح عمر ضفدع الطماطم بين 6-8 سنوات، ويكون لونه عند البلوغ برتقالي مُصفر إلى أحمر قاتم، وتكون الإناث أكبر من الذكور حجماً حيث تصل لطول 10 سم. وتميل هذه الضفادع الجميلة للتغذي على الحشرات واللافقاريات الصغيرة. الضفدع الزجاجي | Glass frog : وهو ضفدع ليمي اللون ينتمي لفصيلة [ Centrolenidae ]، يتميّز ببطن شفّاف يمكن رؤية الكبد والقلب والجهاز الهمضي وبقية الأعضاء الداخليّة من خلاله، ومن هنا أخذ اسمه. وهو ضفدع صغير الحجم عموماً، حيث لا يمكن أن يتعدى 7.5 سم في الطول.

الضفدع الزجاجي | مصدر الصورة.

الضفدع الأرجنتيني المُقّرن | Argentine horned frog :

والذي يُعرف أيضاً بـ [ ضفدع باك مان ] نسبةً لفمه الواسع. وهو أكثر الأنواع شهرةً في جنس [ الضفدع المُقّرن | Horned frog ]، يعيش في الأرجنتين والأرغواي والبرازيل، ويستوطن الغابات المطيرة. وهو ضفدع نَهِم، يحاول إبتلاع أي شيء يتحرّك بالقرب من فمه العريض، وهذا يشمل الحشرات والقوارض والسحالي وحتى الضفادع الأخرى.

الضفدع الأرجنتيني المُقّرن | مصدر الصورة بواسطة Max Gross.

تصل الإناث بطولها لـ 16.5 سم، من الفم إلى نهاية الجسد، والذكور لـ 11.5 سم. ويمكن أن يصل عمر هذا الضفدع في الأسر حتّى 10 سنوات، وهذا العمر ينقص في البرية. يعد الفم الواسع الذي يشكل نصف الجسد تقريباً الميزة الأكثر ملاحظةً. ويتلّون الضفدع الأرجنتيني باللون الأخضر وبعض الخطوط الحمراء.

ضفدع خُلد الماء | Gastric-brooding frog :

وهو جنس من الضفادع كان يعيش في شرق إستراليا، يتألّف من نوعين فقط، كلاهما انقرضا منتصف ثمانينات القرن العشرين، وقد كان جنساً فريداً من نوعه لأنه الوحيد الذي يحتضن صغاره في معدته. أسباب إنقراض هذا الجنس غير مفهومة، ولكن يُرجّح أن يكون التلوث وإنتشار بعض الأمراض ��تدمير الموائل هي الأسباب التي أدّت إلى إنقراضه.

وبما أنه حيوان منقرض منذ زمَن فلم أجد صور مرخّص بإستخدامه ولكن يمكنني إرسالك إلى هنا لتجد بعض الصور عنه وكيف يحتضن صغيره في معدته بشكل مُذهل.

العلجوم المصلوب | Crucifix toad :

وهو ضفدع إسترالي، الأكثر تميزاً في جنس [ Notaden ]، في حين أنّ الأنواع الباقية داكنة اللون، فهذا النوع أصفر مُشِرق اللون وعلى ظهره صليب بعدة ألوان مختلفة. هذا الصليب مُحدّد بنقاط سوداء كبيرة وفي داخله نقاط بيضاء وسوداء وحمراء.

العلجوم المصلوب | الصورة تعود لويكيبيديا الإنجليزيّة بواسطة Tnarg 12345.

الضفدع المُقّرن طويل الأنف | Long-nosed horned frog : ويُعرف أيضاً بـ [ ضفدع الملايو المُقّرن | Malayan horned frog ]، وهو ضفدع كبير الحجم يتراوح طوله بين 100-120 ملم، وله لون بني فاتح يساعده على التخفي في أرضيّة الغابة، ولهذا النوع من الضفادع ثلاث رؤوس مدببة على رأسه، اثنين منها فوق العينين والثالث في مقدمة الخطم. لتشكّل معاً ما يعُرف بالقرون، ومن هنا أخذ هذا الضفدع الرائع اسمه.

ضفدع الملايو المُقّرن | مصدر الصورة بواسطة Olei.

April 15, 2019 at 12:45AM صور حيوانات أكمل المقال على شموس نت http://bit.ly/2UVTq26

#صور حيوانات

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emergingpakistan · 5 years

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Awesome Facts About Frogs

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.

An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath, and no tail. Frogs have glandular skin, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Their skins varies in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to show toxicity and ward off predators. Adult frogs live in fresh water and on dry land; some species are adapted for living underground or in trees.

Frogs typically lay their eggs in water. The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae called tadpoles that have tails and internal gills. They have highly specialized rasping mouth parts suitable for herbivorous, omnivorous or planktivorous diets. The life cycle is completed when they metamorphose into adults. A few species deposit eggs on land or bypass the tadpole stage. Adult frogs generally have a carnivorous diet consisting of small invertebrates, but omnivorous species exist and a few feed on fruit. Frogs are extremely efficient at converting what they eat into body mass. They are an important food source for predators and part of the food web dynamics of many of the world's ecosystems. The skin is semi-permeable, making them susceptible to dehydration, so they either live in moist places or have special adaptations to deal with dry habitats. Frogs produce a wide range of vocalizations, particularly in their breeding season, and exhibit many different kinds of complex behaviours to attract mates, to fend off predators and to generally survive.

Frogs are valued as food by humans and also have many cultural roles in literature, symbolism and religion. Frog populations have declined significantly since the 1950s. More than one third of species are considered to be threatened with extinction and over 120 are believed to have become extinct since the 1980s. The number of malformations among frogs is on the rise and an emerging fungal disease, chytridiomycosis, has spread around the world. Conservation biologists are working to understand the causes of these problems and to resolve them.

The name frog derives from Old English frogga, abbreviated to frox, forsc, and frosc, probably deriving from Proto-Indo-European preu = "to jump". About 88% of amphibian species are classified in the order Anura. These include around 4,810 species in 33 families, of which the Leptodactylidae (1,100 spp.), Hylidae (800 spp.) and Ranidae (750 spp.) are the richest in species. The use of the common names "frog" and "toad" has no taxonomic justification. From a classification perspective, all members of the order Anura are frogs, but only members of the family Bufonidae are considered "true toads". The use of the term "frog" in common names usually refers to species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic and have smooth, moist skins; the term "toad" generally refers to species that are terrestrial with dry, warty skins. There are numerous exceptions to this rule. The European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) has a slightly warty skin and prefers a watery habitat whereas the Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki) is in the toad family Bufonidae and has a smooth skin.

The origins and evolutionary relationships between the three main groups of amphibians are hotly debated. A molecular phylogeny based on rDNA analysis dating from 2005 suggests that salamanders and caecilians are more closely related to each other than they are to frogs and the divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fishes. This would help account for the relative scarcity of amphibian fossils from the period before the groups split. Another molecular phylogenetic analysis conducted about the same time concluded that lissamphibians first appeared about 330 million years ago and that the temnospondyl-origin hypothesis is more credible than other theories. The neobatrachians seemed to have originated in Africa/India, the salamanders in East Asia and the caecilians in tropical Pangaea. Other researchers, while agreeing with the main thrust of this study, questioned the choice of calibration points used to synchronise the data. They proposed that the date of lissamphibian diversification should be placed in the Permian, rather less than 300 million years ago, a date in better agreement with the palaeontological data. A further study in 2011 using both extinct and living taxa sampled for morphological, as well as molecular data, came to the conclusion that Lissamphibia is monophyletic and that it should be nested within Lepospondyli rather than within Temnospondyli. The study postulated that Lissamphibia originated no earlier than the late Carboniferous, some 290 to 305 million years ago. The split between Anura and Caudata was estimated as taking place 292 million years ago, rather later than most molecular studies suggest, with the caecilians splitting off 239 million years ago.

Frogs have no tail, except as larvae, and most have long hind legs, elongated ankle bones, webbed toes, no claws, large eyes, and a smooth or warty skin. They have short vertebral columns, with no more than 10 free vertebrae and fused tailbones (urostyle or coccyx). Like other amphibians, oxygen can pass through their highly permeable skins. This unique feature allows them to remain in places without access to the air, respiring through their skins. The ribs are poorly developed, so the lungs are filled by buccal pumping and a frog deprived of its lungs can maintain its body functions without them. For the skin to serve as a respiratory organ, it must remain moist. This makes frogs susceptible to various substances they may encounter in the environment, some of which may be toxic and can dissolve in the water film and be passed into their bloodstream. This may be one of the causes of the worldwide decline in frog populations.

The structure of the feet and legs varies greatly among frog species, depending in part on whether they live primarily on the ground, in water, in trees or in burrows. Frogs must be able to move quickly through their environment to catch prey and escape predators, and numerous adaptations help them to do so. Most frogs are either proficient at jumping or are descended from ancestors that were, with much of the musculoskeletal morphology modified for this purpose. The tibia, fibula, and tarsals have been fused into a single, strong bone, as have the radius and ulna in the fore limbs (which must absorb the impact on landing). The metatarsals have become elongated to add to the leg length and allow frogs to push against the ground for a longer period on take-off. The illium has elongated and formed a mobile joint with the sacrum which, in specialist jumpers such as ranids and hylids, functions as an additional limb joint to further power the leaps. The tail vertebrae have fused into a urostyle which is retracted inside the pelvis. This enables the force to be transferred from the legs to the body during a leap.

A frog's skin is protective, has a respiratory function, can absorb water and helps control body temperature. It has many glands, particularly on the head and back, which often exude distasteful and toxic substances (granular glands). The secretion is often sticky and helps keep the skin moist, protects against the entry of moulds and bacteria, and make the animal slippery and more able to escape from predators. The skin is shed every few weeks. It usually splits down the middle of the back and across the belly, and the frog pulls its arms and legs free. The sloughed skin is then worked towards the head where it is quickly eaten.

The skin of a frog is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as to water. There are blood vessels near the surface of the skin and when a frog is underwater, oxygen diffuses directly into the blood. When not submerged, a frog breathes by a process known as buccal pumping. Its lungs are similar to those of humans, but the chest muscles are not involved in respiration, and no ribs or diaphragm exist to help move air in and out. Instead, it puffs out its throat and draws air in through the nostrils, which in many species can then be closed by valves. When the floor of the mouth is compressed, air is forced into the lungs. The fully aquatic Bornean flat-headed frog (Barbourula kalimantanensis) is the first frog known to lack lungs entirely.

Frogs have maxillary teeth along their upper jaw which are used to hold food before it is swallowed. These teeth are very weak, and cannot be used to chew or catch and harm agile prey. Instead, the frog uses its sticky, cleft tongue to catch flies and other small moving prey. The tongue normally lies coiled in the mouth, free at the back and attached to the mandible at the front. It can be shot out and retracted at great speed. Some frogs have no tongue and just stuff food into their mouths with their hands. The eyes assist in the swallowing of food as they can be retracted through holes in the skull and help push food down the throat. The food then moves through the oesophagus into the stomach where digestive enzymes are added and it is churned up. It then proceeds to the small intestine (duodenum and ileum) where most digestion occurs. Pancreatic juice from the pancreas, and bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, are secreted into the small intestine, where the fluids digest the food and the nutrients are absorbed. The food residue passes into the large intestine where excess water is removed and the wastes are passed out through the cloaca.

#Pakistan #Asia #Animals #Frog #Frog facts #Frog history #Frog life #World

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herpsandbirds · 4 months

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Santa Fe White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus laticeps), in defensive stance, family Leptodactylidae, found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay

Poisonous.

Populations are decreasing due to habitat loss.

photograph by Lucio Coronel

#leptodactylus #leptodactylidae #frog #amphibian #herpetology #aniamls #nature #south america

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cilginfizikcilervbi · 4 years

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Enerji Şampiyonu Kabak Kurbağalar

Teknoloji ilerledikçe aynı dünyayı paylaştığımız canlıları uzun süre ses kaydedici cihazlar ve gece görüşü olan kameralar ile daha iyi takip edip, haklarında bilgi sahibi oldukça şaşırıyoruz. Bilimin ilerlemesine bağlı olarak da tanıdığımız canlı türlerinin özelliklerine hayran oluyoruz.

Bahsettiğimiz Kurbağa ; Leptodactylus mystacinus, Leptodactylidae…

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#Kabak Kurbağalar

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frogs-from-bogs · 3 years

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Engystomops coloradorum by Ryan Lynch

#Anura #Leptodactylidae #Engystomops #Engystomops coloradorum #frog #frogs #animal #animals #biology #nature #wildlife #amphibian #amphibians #zoology #herpetology #herps #fauna #critter #critters

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naturalist-journal · 4 years

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Parque Nacional Guaramacal

El Parque Nacional Guaramacal o Parque Nacional General Cruz Carrillo es un parque nacional ubicado entre los estados venezolanos de Portuguesa y Trujillo. Tiene una superficie de alrededor de 215 km² y comprende el Ramal de Guaramacal, la estribación más septentrional de la Cordillera de Mérida. Los límites del parque se sitúan entre los 1600 y 1800 m de altura, y la máxima elevación, en el páramo de Guaramacal está a 3100 m.

En las faldas de la montaña por debajo de los 1.600 msnm se observa un complejo bosque medio y semideciduo. Entre esta altura promedio y los 2.500 msnm., se presenta un bosque húmedo de una composición florística muy compleja, con una gran cantidad de variadas epífitas, orquídeas y helechos, en este piso biótico se distingue el yagrumo Cecropia telinitida.

Los primeros estudios florísticos dentro del parque datan de 1987, y mencionaban un total de 482 especies de plantas. Un estudio más profundo y sistemático realizado en el 2000 arrojó un total de 147 familias, 517 géneros y al menos 1227 especies, aportando descripciones para 33 taxones nuevos para la ciencia.

La fauna es abundante y variada, en el parque se han reportado unas 150 especies de aves, al menos 36 especies de mamíferos, 14 especies de anfibios y 11 de reptiles además el 40% de las especies de reptiles y anfibios registradas son endémicas de la zona. El macizo de Guaramacal presenta especies endémicas como una salamandra Bolitoglosa sp, en los cuerpos de agua se puede ver el perrito de agua Chironectes minimus, 12 especímenes de sapos y ranas ubicados en las familias Leptodactylidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Centrolenidae y Bufonidae. Con respecto a los reptiles se encuentran 7 especies de serpientes y 4 de lagartos dos de estos posiblemente endémicos del parque de los géneros Anolis y Phenacosaurus y una serpiente cascabel venenosa Bothrops sp. De entre los mamíferos se encuentran especies de siete órdenes y 15 familias, además de algunas amenazadas de extinción como el oso andino o frontino Tremarctos ornatus, venados como el matacán o candelillo Mazama rufina, grandes felinos como el jaguar Panthera onca, el puma Felis concolor el cunaguaro Leopardus pardalis el guache paramero Nasuella olivacea, el olingo Bassaricyon gabbii y la Musaraña de Mérida Cryptotis meridensis el grupo más diverso es el de los murciélagos entre los cuales se pueden hallar 16 especies como el Eptesicus brasiliensis, Lasiurus ega y Myotis oxyotus, otro grupo bastante diverso es el de los roedores de los cuales hay 8 especies; Heteromys anomalus, Neacomys tenuipes, Nephelomys albigularis, Mycroryzoyis minutus, Aepeomys schistaceus, Aepeomys lugens, Thomasomys laniger y Agouti taczanowskii, Otros mamíferos comunes son la pereza Bradypus variegatus, el rabipelado Didelphis albiventris, el mono araguato Alouatta seniculus y el cuchi cuchi Potos flavus. La avifauna presenta hermosos ejemplares, valiosos por su canto y hermoso plumaje, como el cardenalito Carduelis cucullata, muy perseguido para cruzarlo con el canario, obteniendo un híbrido de bello color rojo y de canto melodioso, lo que ocasionó la reducción de sus poblaciones, también otras especies como lo son el Paují copete de piedra Pauxi pauxi, uno de los crácidos más amenazados, el Tucán Azul Andigena nigrirostrus, águila de copete Oroaetus isidori, el Perico cabecirojo Pyrrhura rhodocephala, el semillero aplomado Haplospiza rustica, el tapaculo de Ocelos Acropternis orthonix, la pavita andina Glaucidium jardinii y el águila pescadora Pandion haliaetus

#national park #venezuela #nature #naturaleza

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