#Maria Goeppert-Mayer

[womeninfictionandirl]

Maria Goeppert-Mayer by Allison Adams

Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906-1972) was a German theoretical physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for developing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus.

#Maria Goeppert-Mayer #art #artwork #Allison adams #women in stem #women in science #female scientists #theoretical physics #herstory #women in history #female portrait #irl women/girls

[scarcelyodd]

I've begun playing around with chatGPT as a way of learning about a wider variety of physicists. In this first go, I asked about underrepresented physicists in general:

"There have been many talented and accomplished physicists throughout history who have been underrepresented or overlooked due to a variety of factors such as discrimination, bias, and lack of opportunities. Here are a few examples of underrepresented physicists:

There have been many talented and accomplished physicists throughout history who have been underrepresented or overlooked due to a variety of factors such as discrimination, bias, and lack of opportunities. Here are a few examples of underrepresented physicists:

Chien-Shiung Wu: Wu was a Chinese-American physicist who made significant contributions to the study of nuclear physics. Despite her many achievements, she was often overlooked and not given the recognition she deserved due to the prejudice and discrimination she faced as a woman and as an immigrant.

Sophie Germain: Germain was a French mathematician and physicist who made important contributions to the study of elasticity and the theory of numbers. Despite her talent and her many accomplishments, she faced significant obstacles due to her gender and was often not taken seriously by her male colleagues.

Maria Goeppert Mayer: Mayer was a German-American physicist who made important contributions to the understanding of the structure of the atomic nucleus. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, but her contributions were often overshadowed by those of her male colleagues.

Rosalind Franklin: Franklin was a British biophysicist who made important contributions to the understanding of the structure of DNA. Despite her significant contributions to the field, she was not given due credit for her work and was not included as a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was awarded to James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins for their work on the structure of DNA.

There are many other examples of underrepresented physicists throughout history, and it is important to recognize and acknowledge their contributions to the field."

chatGPT, January 6, 2023

prompt: "Tell me about underrepresented physicists."

#chatgpt #eduai #underrepresented physicists #chien-shiung wu #sophie germain #maria goeppert mayer #rosalind franklin #women in physics #women in STEM #diversity in STEM #diversity in physics #openAI

[higherentity]

#maria goeppert mayer #physicist #nobel prize winner #nobel prize in physics #maria #german american #50s

[teachersource]

Maria Goeppert Mayer was born on June 28, 1906. A German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics (the first being Marie Curie). In 1986, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor. A graduate of the University of Göttingen, Goeppert Mayer wrote her doctoral thesis on the theory of possible two-photon absorption by atoms. Today, the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section is named the Goeppert Mayer (GM) unit.

#maria goeppert mayer #physics #nobel prize #nobel prize winners #science #women in science #women in history #science history #science birthdays #on this day #on this day in science history

[chungledown-bimothy]

idk how to phrase this well but alchemists spending centuries trying to turn lead into gold and then lead having the highest (currently known) of maria goeppert-mayer's magic numbers for protons and neutrons, making it extremely stable and giving it a crucial role in the discovery/creation of new elements.

alchemy or alpha decay, it all comes back to lead.

#yes this is an oversimplification of the physics but it's okay enough and i don't want to bog down my point with infodumping about all that

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Results from South Pole Telescope’s new camera emerge

Argonne is part of a multi-institutional effort to survey the sky for clues about the origins and nature of our universe.

For more than five years, scientists at the South Pole Telescope in Antarctica have been observing the sky with an upgraded camera. The extended gaze toward the cosmos is picking up remnant light from the universe’s early formation. Now researchers have analyzed an initial batch of data, publishing details in the journal Physical Review D. The results from this limited dataset hint at even more powerful future insights about the nature of our universe.

The telescope at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, which is operated by the National Science Foundation, received a new camera known as SPT-3G in 2017. Equipped with 16,000 detectors — 10 times more than its predecessor — the SPT-3G is central to multi-institutional research led in part by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory. The goal is to measure faint light known as the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The CMB is the afterglow of the Big Bang, when the universe burst forth from a single point of energy nearly 14 billion years ago.

“The CMB is a treasure map for cosmologists,” said Zhaodi Pan, the paper’s lead author and a Maria Goeppert Mayer fellow at Argonne. ​“Its minuscule variations in temperature and polarization provide a unique window into the universe’s infancy.

The paper in Physical Review D offers the first CMB gravitational lensing measurements from the SPT-3G. Gravitational lensing happens when the universe’s vast web of matter distorts the CMB as it travels across space. If you were to place the curved base of a wine glass on the page of a book, the glass would warp your view of the words behind it. Similarly, matter in the telescope’s line of sight forms a lens that bends the CMB light and our view of it. Albert Einstein described this warping in the fabric of space-time in his theory of general relativity.

“The CMB is a treasure map for cosmologists. Its minuscule variations in temperature and polarization provide a unique window into the universe’s infancy.” — Zhaodi Pan, Maria Goeppert Mayer fellow at Argonne

Measurements of that distortion hold clues about the early universe and mysteries like dark matter, an invisible component of the cosmos. ​“Dark matter is tricky to detect, because it doesn’t interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Currently, we can only observe it through gravitational interactions,” Pan said.

Scientists have been studying the CMB ever since it was discovered in the 1960s, observing it through telescopes both on the ground and in space. Even though the newest analysis uses only a few months of SPT-3G data from 2018, the measurement of gravitational lensing is already competitive in the field.

“One of the really exciting parts of this study is that the result comes from what’s essentially commissioning data from when we were just beginning observations with the SPT-3G — and the result is already great,” said Amy Bender, a physicist at Argonne and paper co-author. ​“We’ve got five more years of data that we’re working on analyzing now, so this just hints at what’s to come.”

The dry, stable atmosphere and remote location of the South Pole Telescope create as little interference as possible when hunting for CMB patterns. Still, data from the highly sensitive SPT-3G camera contains contamination from the atmosphere, as well as from our own galaxy and extragalactic sources. Analyzing even a few months of data from SPT-3G is an undertaking that lasts years, since researchers need to validate data, filter out noise and interpret measurements. The team used a dedicated cluster, a group of computers, at the Argonne Laboratory Computing Resource Center to run some of the calculations for the research.

“We found that the observed lensing patterns in this study are well explained by general relativity,” Pan said. ​“This suggests that our current understanding of gravity holds true for these large scales. The results also strengthen our existing understanding of how structures of matter formed in our universe.”

SPT-3G lensing maps from additional years of data will also help in probing cosmic inflation, or the idea that the early universe underwent a fast exponential expansion. Cosmic inflation is ​“another cornerstone of cosmology,” Pan noted, and scientists are hunting for signs of early gravitational waves and other direct evidence of this theory. The presence of gravitational lensing introduces interference with inflationary imprints, necessitating the removal of such contamination, which can be calculated using precise lensing measurements.

While some results from the new SPT-3G data will reinforce existing knowledge, others will raise new questions.

“Every time we add more data, we find more things that we don’t understand,” Bender said who holds a joint appointment at the University of Chicago. ​“As you peel back layers of this onion, you learn more and more about your instrument and also about your scientific measurement of the sky.”

So little is known about the universe’s unseen components that any understanding gained is critical, Pan said: ​“The more we learn about the distribution of dark matter, the closer we get to understanding its nature and its role in forming the universe that we live in today.”

This work was funded by the National Science Foundation’s Office of Polar Programs and the DOE Office of Science’s High Energy Physics program. The scientific analysis was led by Pan, in close collaboration with lead co-authors W. L. Kimmy Wu and Federico Bianchini (SLAC National Lab) and the SPT-3G collaboration. Argonne-affiliated co-authors with Bender and Pan are Lindsey Bleem, Karen Byrum, John Carlstrom, Faustin Carter (Argonne alumnus), Thomas Cecil, Clarence Chang, Junjia Ding (Argonne alumnus), Riccardo Gualtieri (Argonne alumnus), Angelina Harke-Hosemann (Argonne alumnus), Jason Henning (Argonne alumnus), Florian Kéruzoré, Trupti Khaire (Argonne alumnus), Steve Kuhlmann, Valentine Novosad, John Pearson, Chrystian Posada (Argonne alumnus), Gensheng Wang and Volodymyr Yefremenko.

IMAGE....The cosmic microwave background — the universe’s oldest light — has traversed vast distances before reaching us. During its extended journey, gravitational forces from massive cosmic structures caused its trajectory to bend before being captured by the South Pole Telescope. Credit Zhaodi Pan/Argonne National Laboratory.

#science #space #astronomy #physics #news #astrophysics

[super-caribe-suomi1012]

Max Born was born in Breslau #OnThisDay the 11th December, 1882, to Professor Gustav Born, anatomist and embryologist, and his wife Margarete, née Kauffmann, who was a member of a Silesian family of industrialists.

Max attended the König Wilhelm’s Gymnasium in Breslau and continued his studies at the Universities of Breslau (where the well-known mathematician Rosanes introduced him to matrix calculus), Heidelberg, Zurich (here he was deeply impressed by Hurwitz’s lectures on higher analysis), and Göttingen. In the latter seat of learning he read mathematics chiefly, sitting under Klein, Hilbert, Minkowski, and Runge, but also studied astronomy under Schwarzschild, and physics under Voigt. He was awarded the Prize of the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Göttingen for his work on the stability of elastic wires and tapes in 1906, and graduated at this university a year later on the basis of this work.

Born next went to Cambridge for a short time, to study under Larmor and J.J. Thomson. Back in Breslau during the years 1908-1909, he worked with the physicists Lummer and Pringsheim, and also studied the theory of relativity. On the strength of one of his papers, Minkowski invited his collaboration at Göttingen but soon after his return there, in the winter of 1909, Minkowski died. He had then the task of sifting Minkowski’s literary works in the field of physics and of publishing some uncompleted papers. Soon he became an academic lecturer at Göttingen in recognition of his work on the relativistic electron. He accepted Michelson’s invitation to lecture on relativity in Chicago (1912) and while there he did some experiments with the Michelson grating spectrograph.

An appointment as professor (extraordinarius) to assist Max Planck at Berlin University came to Born in 1915 but he had to join the German Armed Forces. In a scientific office of the army he worked on the theory of sound ranging. He found time also to study the theory of crystals, and published his first book, Dynamik der Kristallgitter (Dynamics of Crystal Lattices), which summarized a series of investigations he had started at Göttingen.

At the conclusion of the First World War, in 1919, Born was appointed Professor at the University of Frankfurt-on-Main, where a laboratory was put at his disposal. His assistant was Otto Stern, and the first of the latter’s well-known experiments, which later were rewarded with a Nobel Prize, originated there.

Max Born went to Göttingen as Professor in 1921, at the same time as James Franck, and he remained there for twelve years, interrupted only by a trip to America in 1925. During these years the Professor’s most important works were created; first a modernized version of his book on crystals, and numerous investigations by him and his pupils on crystal lattices, followed by a series of studies on the quantum theory. Among his collaborators at this time were many physicists, later to become well-known, such as Pauli, Heisenberg, Jordan, Fermi, Dirac, Hund, Hylleraas, Weisskopf, Oppenheimer, Joseph Mayer and Maria Goeppert-Mayer. During the years 1925 and 1926 he published, with Heisenberg and Jordan, investigations on the principles of quantum mechanics (matrix mechanics) and soon after this, his own studies on the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.

As were so many other German scientists, he was forced to emigrate in 1933 and was invited to Cambridge, where he taught for three years as Stokes Lecturer. His main sphere of work during this period was in the field of nonlinear electrodynamics, which he developed in collaboration with Infeld.

During the winter of 1935-1936 Born spent six months in Bangalore at the Indian Institute of Science, where he worked with Sir C.V. Raman and his pupils. In 1936 he was appointed Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy in Edinburgh, where he worked until his retirement in 1953. He is now living at the small spa town, Bad Pyrmont.

Max Born has been awarded fellowships of many academies – Göttingen, Moscow, Berlin, Bangalore, Bucharest, Edinburgh, London, Lima, Dublin, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Washington, and Boston, and he has received honorary doctorates from Bristol, Bordeaux, Oxford, Freiburg/Breisgau, Edinburgh, Oslo, Brussels Universities, Humboldt University Berlin, and Technical University Stuttgart. He holds the Stokes Medal of Cambridge, the Max Planck Medaille der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft (i.e. of the German Physical Society); the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society, London, the Hugo Grotius Medal for International Law, and was also awarded the MacDougall-Brisbane Prize and the Gunning-Victoria Jubilee Prize of the Royal Society, Edinburgh. In 1953 he was made honorary citizen of the town of Göttingen and a year later was granted the Nobel Prize for Physics. He was awarded the Grand Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit of the German Federal Republic in 1959.

The year 1913 saw his marriage to Hedwig, née Ehrenberg, and there are three children of the marriage.

Max Born died on January 5, 1970.

[fundgruber]

The method at work in the production of mathematics is not as non-discursive and ob-jective as one thinks, particularly not in its illustration of physics. In fact, the work of Noether particularly, which would have extensive implications in the development of particle physics, had first utilized visualization (thinking about algebra in geometricalterms constitutes a form of visualization) in the process of integrating abstract algebrainto geometry. This integration led to subsequent modern developments of abstract algebra. Such subsequent developments were then further developed by Noether and successive generations of mathematicians thereafter, into algebraic notations. These latter algebraic notations in turn have become so complex that the algebra produced is no longer intuitively imaginable without the deployment of visualizing software such as Maple and Mathematica. Is this embodiment of a trend towards abstraction a mannerof demonstrating one is competent enough to be part of the old boys’ network of academic mathematics.

Lee, C. (2013) Emmy Noether, Maria Goeppert Mayer, and their Cyborgian Counter-parts: Triangulating Mathematical-Theoretical Physics, Feminist Science Studies, andFeminist Science Fiction.

Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, No.3 

doi: 10.7264/N3765C7S

#mapping #diagram #mathe #mathematics

[valkyries-things]

DR. MARIA GOEPPERT-MAYER // THEORETICAL PHYSICIST

“She was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics, the first being Marie Curie. In 1986, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor. During World War II, she worked for the Manhattan Project at Columbia on isotope separation, and with Edward Teller at the Los Alamos Laboratory on the development of thermonuclear weapons.”

#female history #manhattan project

[haberistinye]

Geçen yıl Nobel Fizik Ödülü, kuantum mekaniği alanındaki çığır açıcı çalışmaları nedeniyle Fransız bilim insanı Alain Aspect, Amerikalı bilim insanı John Clauser ve Avusturyalı bilim insanı Anton Zeilinger'e verilmişti.

2021'de ödülün sahipleri; karmaşık sistemlere, özellikle de Dünya'nın iklimine ilişkin anlayışımızı değiştiren Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, ve Giorgio Parisi olmuştu.

2020'de kara delikleri araştıran Roger Penrose ile galaksimizin merkezindeki bir cisimle ilgili araştırmalarından dolayı Reinhard Genzel ve Andrea Ghez ödülü paylaşmıştı.

2019'da ise Nobel Fizik Ödülü, Büyük Patlama'dan sonra evrenin evrimini açıklayan James Peebles ile bir güneş sistemi dışındaki gezegenin keşfi nedeniyle Michel Mayor ve Didier Queloz'a verilmişti.

Nobel Fizik Ödülü bugüne dek sadece 4 kadına verildi: Marie Curie (1903), Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1963), Donna Strickland (2018) ve Andrea Ghez (2020).

[holybridget]

Prix Nobel de physique

Anne L'Huillier

Après: Marie Curie, Maria Goeppert Mayer, Donna Strickland, Andrea Ghez.

[karayoluhaber]

Nötron Zengini Oksijen İzotopunun Sihri Gerçek mi?

Oksijen-28’in kararsızlığına göre, nötronları kabuklarda düzgün bir şekilde düzenlenmemiştir. Maria Goeppert Mayer 1940’ların sonunda belirli çekirdeklerin -özellikle 2, 8, 20, 28, 50 ve 82 proton veya nötrona sahip olanların- benzer bileşime sahip izotoplardan daha kararlı olma eğiliminde olduğunu keşfetti. Bu bulguyu, elektronların atomlarda olduğu gibi proton ve nötronların farklı enerji…

View On WordPress

[bobmccullochny]

History

June 28

June 28, 1862 - During the American Civil War, the siege of the Confederate city of Vicksburg began as Admiral David Farragut succeeded in taking a fleet past the Mississippi River stronghold. The siege continued over a year.

June 28, 1914 - Archduke Francis Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria and his wife were assassinated at Sarajevo, touching off a conflict between the Austro-Hungarian government and Serbia that escalated into World War I.

June 28, 1919 - The signing of the Treaty of Versailles formally ended World War I. According to the terms, Germany was assessed sole blame for the war, forced give up Alsace-Lorraine and overseas colonies, and pay reparations of $15 Billion. The treaty also prohibited German rearmament.

Birthday - Flemish painter and diplomat Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) was born in Siegen, Westphalia, Germany. Regarded as the greatest of Flemish painters, he was considered the master artist of his day. He was also skilled in science and politics and spoke seven languages. Among his masterpieces; Le Coup de Lance and The Descent from the Cross.

Birthday - Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His book The Social Contract stated that no laws are binding unless agreed upon by the people, a concept that deeply affected the French. In his novel Emile he challenged harsh child-rearing methods of his day and argued that young people should be given freedom to enjoy sunlight, exercise and play. "Man is born free," he wrote in The Social Contract, "and everywhere he is in chains."

Birthday - German-American physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer (1906-1972) was born in Kattowitz, Germany. She participated in the secret Manhattan Project, the building of the first atomic bomb. She later became the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize, sharing the 1963 prize for physics for works explaining atomic nuclei, known as the nuclear shell theory.

#Todays Smile

[honeyleesblog]

June 28 ZODIAC

Horoscope and character for those brought into the world on June 28 They appreciate showing their most ideal side in all things. They are a proposition of visual expressions, lovely improvements, exquisite ensembles and wonderful environmental factors. They are very vain individuals, which is immediately seen by their current circumstance. They are capricious and appreciate presenting. It ought to be noted, in any case, that they are even eager. Respectable, kind to other people, appended to their home, enamored with solaces and amicable environmental factors. Touchy, cherishing and friendly, they are portrayed by a decent memory. They are a piece cumbersome, yet can foster incredible power and movement. By then, they perseveringly adhere to their objectives and undertakings. In spite of the fact that they have a decent heart, they are imprudent and showy, which harms them. They know how to live and keep an eye on limits and overabundances. They have a quite unsafe mentality and appreciate experiences. Anything you conclude throughout everyday life, you can accomplish it. They effectively accomplish abundance, however are frequently unfit to appropriately utilize it. Their outings, both land and ocean, permit them to create and arrive at a high social level. His body isn't especially safe and he is exceptionally delicate. June 28 ZODIAC 

 Assuming your birthday is June 28, your zodiac sign is Disease June 28 - character and character character: perfect, keen, normal, fierce, childish, disseminated calling: rancher, cop, stylist tones: olive, silver, beige stone: ruby animal: starfish plant: linden trees fortunate numbers: 12,17,31,42,43,58 very fortunate number: 33 Occasions and observances - June 28 Worldwide Day for Sexual Variety. Worldwide LGBT Pride Day. Peru: Public Cebiche Day. June 28 VIP birthday celebrations. Who was conceived that very day as you? 1900: Giovanni De Pra, Italian footballer (d. 1979). 1901: Antonio Acuna Carballar, Spanish lawmaker (d. 1936). 1902: George Padmore, Trinidadian lawmaker (d. 1959). 1902: Richard Rodgers, American author (d. 1979). 1902: Monchდ­n Triana, Spanish soccer player (d. 1936). 1903: Andrდ© Maschinot, French footballer (d. 1963). 1904: Adrian Rollini, American artist (d. 1956). 1905: Francis Camps, English pathologist (d. 1972). 1905: Henry H. Carter, American Hispanicist (d. 2001). 1906: Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German physicist, Nobel Prize victor for material science in 1963 (d. 1972). 1907: Carlos Encinas Gonzდ¡lez, Spanish painter (f. 1998). 1907: Jimmy Mundy, American jazz author (d. 1984). 1908: Juan Carlos Thorry, Argentine entertainer (d. 2000). 1909: Eric Ambler, English essayist (d. 1998). 1909: Josდ© Antonio Elola-Olaso, Spanish lawmaker (d. 1976). 1909: Francisco Grande Coviდ¡n, Spanish natural chemist (f. 1995). 1909: Josდ© de Magalhaes Pinto, Brazilian investor and ambassador (f. 1996). 1909: Christopher Soglo, Leader of Benin (d. 1983). 1912: Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian guide and artist (f. 1996). 1912: Carl Friedrich von Weizsდ¤cker, German physicist and scholar (d. 2007). 1913: Roberto Grela, Argentine tango author and guitarist (f. 1992). 1914: Aribert Heim, Austrian doctor (d. 1992). 1915: Rafael Bernal, Mexican ambassador and essayist (d. 1972). 1915: David Honeyboy Edwards, American guitarist, delta blues artist (d. 2011). 1916: Steve Calvert, American entertainer (d. 1991). 1916: Virgilio Rodrდ­guez Macal, Guatemalan columnist, writer and negotiator (f. 1964). 1917: Stella Inda, Mexican entertainer and essayist (f. 1995). 1918: Maxine Stuart, American entertainer (d. 2013). 1919: Alfredo Vera, Ecuadorian government official (f. 1999). 1921: PV Narasimha Rao, Indian government official (d. 2004). 1922: Mauro Bolognini, Italian producer (d. 2004). 1922: Robert Campbell, Scottish footballer and mentor (d. 2009). 1923: Tomდ¡s Asiain, Spanish writer (f. 1989). 1923: Howard E. Bigelow, American mycologist (d. 1987). 1923: Conte Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2001). 1923: Pete Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2008). 1923: Antonio Hernდ¡ndez Carpe, Spanish painter (f. 1977). 1923: Giff Roux, American ball player (d. 2011). 1924: Manuel Lდ³pez Villasenor, Spanish painter (f. 1996). 1925: Severino Dდ­az, Argentine soccer ref (d. 2008). 1925: Leდ³n Droz Blanco, Venezuelan military man (d. 1954). 1925: Giselher Klebe, German writer (d. 2009). 1925: Fidel Tello Repiso, Spanish painter. 1926: Mel Streams, American screenwriter, entertainer and movie producer. 1927: Jesდºs Nieto, Spanish naming entertainer (d. 1996). 1927: F. Sherwood Rowland, American researcher (d. 2012). 1927: Enrique Velasco Ibarra, Mexican government official (d. 2010). 1928: Hans Blix, Swedish negotiator and legislator. 1928: Wear Dubbins, American entertainer (d. 1991). 1928: John S. Ringer, American physicist (d. 1990). 1929: Antonio Ferraz, Spanish cyclist. 1929: Tomდ¡s Marco Nadal, Spanish sketch artist (f. 2000). 1929: Glenn D. Paige, American political researcher. 1930: Taty Almeida, Argentine essayist and extremist, individual from the Moms of the Square de Mayo. 1930: Josდ© Luis Artetxe, Spanish footballer. 1930: Fernando Delgado, Spanish entertainer (d. 2009). 1930: Norma Fontenla, Argentine artist (d. 1971). 1930: Itamar Franco, Brazilian lawmaker of Italian beginning (d. 2011). 1930: Jack Gold, English producer. 1930: Horacio Gდ³mez Bolanos, Mexican entertainer (f. 1999). 1931: Bobby Hurley, American ball player. 1931 - Junior Johnson, American hustling driver. 1931: Enrique Monsonდ­s, Spanish government official (f. 2011). 1932: Attila L. Borhidi, Hungarian botanist and government official. 1932: Carlos Hayre, Peruvian writer (d. 2012). 1932: Pat Morita, American entertainer (f. 2005). 1934: Carl Levin, American legal advisor and legislator. 1934: Jordi Parra, Spanish ball player, mentor and supervisor. 1936: Toss Howley, American football player. 1937: Richard Splendid, American entertainer (d. 2006). 1937: Carlos Monden, Chilean entertainer (d. 2011). 1937: Juan Josდ© Saer, Argentine author (d. 2005). 1938: Leon Panetta, American government official. 1938: Moy Yat, Chinese military craftsman (d. 2001). 1939: Pedro Luis Barcia, Argentine etymologist. 1939: Goodbye Cedrდ³n, writer and performer of Argentine tango. 1940: Josდ© Sanchis Sinisterra, Spanish writer. 1940: Muhammad Yunus, Bengali investor and financial analyst. 1941: David Lloyd Johnston, Canadian scholar, attorney and government official. 1941: Clifford Luyk, Spanish b-ball player. 1941: Guadalupe Trigo, Mexican guitarist, vocalist, entertainer and arranger (d. 1982). 1942: David Kopay, American football player. 1942: Pedro Navascuდ©s, Spanish history specialist. 1942: Rupert Sheldrake, English author, parapsychologist and organic chemist. 1942: Candid Zane, American jock. 1943: Pietro Guerra, Italian cyclist. 1943: Donald Johanson, American paleoanthropologist. 1943: Klaus von Klitzing, German physicist, champ of the Nobel Prize in Physical science in 1985. 1943: Ismael Laguna, Panamanian fighter. 1943: Alfonso Santisteban, Spanish guide and arranger (f. 2013). 1944: Colette Cusset, French botanist. 1944: Philippe Druillet, French illustrator. 1944: Luis Alberto Nicolao, Argentine swimmer. 1944: Carlos Palenque, vocalist, TV moderator and Bolivian legislator (f. 1997). 1944: Luis del Val, Spanish writer. 1945: Raul Seixas, Brazilian performer (d. 1989). 1946: Bruce Davison, American entertainer and movie producer. 1946: Jaime Guzmდ¡n, Chilean lawmaker (f. 1991). 1946: Gilda Radner, American entertainer and vocalist (d. 1989). 1947: Peter Abrahams, American author. 1947: Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar, English anthropologist. 1948: Kathy Bates, American entertainer. 1948: Sergey Bodrov, Russian-American movie producer. 1949: Wear Baylor, American baseball trainer. 1949: Jorge Bonaldi, Uruguayan guitarist, vocalist and writer. 1949: Tom Owens, American b-ball player. 1950: David Lanz, American piano player. 1950: Juan Pascualli Gდ³mez, Mexican specialist and government official (d. 2010). 1950: Francisca Pleguezuelos Aguilar, Spanish lawmaker. 1950: Mauricio Rojas, Swedish-Chilean financial expert and government official. 1951: Walter Alva, Peruvian paleologist. 1951: Lalla Ward, English entertainer and author. 1952: Tomდ¡s Kid, Mexican soccer player. 1952: Pietro Mennea, Italian competitor and lawmaker (d. 2013). 1952: Jean-Christophe Rufin, French doctor, author, scholarly and negotiator. 1952: Raდºl Wensel, Argentine footballer and mentor. 1953: Aდ­da Ayala, Argentine writer. 1953: Hდ©ctor Raდºl Rondდ¡n, Uruguayan cyclist. 1954: Anna Birulდ©s, Spanish lawmaker and business chief. 1954: Alice Krige, English entertainer. 1954: Mario Marდ­n Torres, Mexican lawmaker. 1954: Valentina Quintero, Venezuelan TV moderator. 1954: Benoდ®t Sokal, Belgian visual artist and computer game planner. 1955: დ?lvaro Cuesta, Spanish lawmaker. 1955: Thomas Hampson, American baritone. 1956: Bakir Izetbegoviე‡, Bosnian lawmaker. 1956: Helmut Kickton, German ensemble chief and organist. 1957: Luis Pagani, Argentine money manager. 1957: Gueorgui Purvanov, Bulgarian president. 1957: Jim Spanarkel, American b-ball player. 1958: Raდºl Durდ¡n Reveles, Mexican modeler and government official (d. 1996). 1959: Raდºl Vallejo, Ecuadorian author and government official. 1960: Gabriel Donoso, Chilean polo player (f. 2006). 1960: John Elway, American football player. 1961: Jeff Malone, American b-ball player and mentor. 1961: Vდ­ctor Emilio Masalles Pere, Spanish minister, market analyst and scholar. 1961: Willy Mდ¼ller, Argentine draftsman. 1962: Anisoara Cusmir-Stanciu, Ruaman competitor. 1963: Marco Barrientos, Mexican vocalist. 1963: Charlie Clouser, American keyboardist and author (Nine Inch Nails). 1963: Beverley Fainthearted, American artist. 1963: Babatunde Fashola, Nigerian lawmaker and legal advisor. 1964: Daniel Giacomino, Argentine lawmaker. 1964: Mitsuaki Madono, Japanese entertainer. 1965: Luis Abarca, Chilean soccer player. 1965: Tetდ© Delgado, Spanish craftsman and entertainer. 1965: Jessica Hecht, American entertainer. 1965: Cyril Makanaky, Cameroonian footballer. 1965: Raდºl Quintillდ¡n, Spanish console player (Government Carriers). 1965: Joaquდ­n Talismდ¡n, Spanish performer. 196

[teachersource]

Maria Goeppert Mayer was born on June 28, 1906. A German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics (the first being Marie Curie). In 1986, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor. A graduate of the University of Göttingen, Goeppert Mayer wrote her doctoral thesis on the theory of possible two-photon absorption by atoms. Today, the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section is named the Goeppert Mayer (GM) unit.

#maria goeppert mayer #physics #theoretical physics #atomic nucleus #nuclear shell model #women in history #women in science #nobel prize winners #nobel prize #science #science history #science birthdays #on this day #on this day in science history

[valiantranchcreatorsuitcase]

(Scientist of the Day - 20 February) MARIA GOEPPERT-MAYER

The woman wo reached the heart of the Atom

In 1903, the legendary woman Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize for physics and then it took exactly 60 years for a woman to receive the award again. This woman's works made it possible to understand how the nucleus of atoms works. Physicist Wolfgang Pauli called her “The Onion Madonna”. That woman is our (second) "scientist of the day" today.

It's death anniversary of Maria Goeppert Mayer, the first woman to win NobelPrize for theoretical physics

Her father always encouraged her to grow up to be more than a housewife. It was assumed that Maria would get an education, and she did, even though it was difficult for women at the time. In 1924, she entered the University of Göttingen, where at first intending to study #mathematics. But after attending #MaxBorn’s quantum mechanics seminar, she switched her focus to physics. She completed her Ph.D. in 1930.

At the end of 1941 the USA entered the war and all available scientists were used for war aims. Goeppert-Mayer was "allowed" to work on the secret project SAM to obtain the "explosives" for the atomic bomb. After the war she and Joe went to the Atomic Research Center in Chicago. Now a professor, albeit unpaid, Goeppert-Meyer developed her theory of the onion-like structure of the atomic nucleus, which until then had been thought to be unstructured. For this she received the Nobel Prize in 1963 with Eugene Wigner and Hans Jensen.

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