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dresshistorynerd · 2 months

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The Real Cost of the Fashion Industry

Atacama Desert, in Alto Hospicio, Iquique, Chile. (source)

The textile industry is destroying the world. The industry is wasting massive amounts of energy and materials, and polluting the air, the ground and the water supplies. It overwhelmingly exploits it's labour and extracts wealth from colonized countries, especially in Asia. I assume we all broadly understand this, but I think it's useful to have it all laid out in front of you to see the big picture, the core issues causing this destruction and find ways how to effectively move forward.

The concerning trend behind this ever-increasing devastation are shortening of trend cycles, lowering clothing prices and massive amount of wasted products. Still in year 2000 it was common for fashion brands to have two collections per year, while now e.g. Zara produces 24 collections and H&M produces 12-16 collections per year. Clothing prices have fallen (at leas in EU) 30% from 1996 to 2018 when adjusted to inflation, which has contributed to the 40% increase in clothing consumption per person between 1996 and 2012 (in EU). (source) As the revenue made by the clothing industry keep rising - from 2017 to 2021 they doubled (source) - falling prices can only be achieved with increasing worker exploitation and decreasing quality. I think the 36% degrees times clothing are used in average during the last 15 years (source) is a clear indication on the continuing drop in quality of clothing. Clothing production doubled between 2000 and 2015, while 30% of the clothes produced per year are never sold and are often burned instead (source), presumably to prevent the returns from falling due to oversupply.

These all factors are driving people to overconsume. While people in EU keep buying more clothes, they haven't used up to 50% of the clothes in their wardrobe for over a year (source). This overconsumption is only made much worse by the new type of hyper fast fashion companies like SHEIN and Temu, which are using addictive psychological tactics developed by social media companies (source 1, source 2). They are cranking up all those concerning trends I mentioned above.

Under the cut I will go through the statistics of the most significant effects of the industry on environment and people. I will warn you it will be bleak. This is not just a fast fashion problem, basically the whole industry is engaging in destructive practices leading to this damage. Clothing is one of those things that would be actually relatively easy to make without massive environmental and human cost, so while that makes the current state of the industry even more heinous, it also means there's hope and it's possible to fix things. In the end, I will be giving some suggestions for actions we could be doing right now to unfuck this mess.

Carbon emissions

The textile industry is responsible for roughly 10% of the global CO2 emissions, more than aviation and shipping industry combined. This is due to the massive supply chains and energy intensive production methods of fabrics. Most of it can be contributed to the fashion sector since around 60% of all the textile production is clothing. Polyester, a synthetic fiber made from oil which accounts for more than half of the fibers used in the textile industry, produces double the amount of carbon emissions than cotton, accounting for very large proportions of all the emissions by the industry. (source 1, source 2)

Worker exploitation

Majority of the textiles are produced in Asia. Some of the worst working conditions are in Bangladesh, one of the most important garment producers, and Pakistan. Here's an excerpt from EU Parliament's briefing document from 2014 after the catastrophic Rana Plaza disaster:

The customers of garment producers are most often global brands looking for low prices and tight production timeframes. They also make changes to product design, product volume, and production timeframes, and place last-minute orders without accepting increased costs or adjustments to delivery dates. The stresses of such policies usually fall on factory workers.

The wage exploitation is bleak. According to the 2015 documentary The True Cost less than 2% of all garment factory workers earned a living wage (source). Hourly wages are so low and the daily quotas so high, garment workers are often forced through conditions or threats and demand to work extra hours, which regularly leads to 10-12 hour work days (source) and at worst 16 hour workdays (source), often without days off. Sometimes factories won't compensate for extra hours, breaching regulations (source).

Long working hours, repetitive work, lack of breaks and high pressure leads to increased risks of injuries and accidents. Small and even major injuries are extremely common in the industry. A study in three factories in India found that 70% of the workers suffered from musculosceletal symptoms (source). Another qualitative study of female garment workers and factory doctors in Dhaka found that long hours led to eye strain, headaches, fatigue and weight loss in addition to muscular and back pains. According to the doctors interviewed, weight loss was common because the workers work such long hours without breaks, they didn't have enough time to eat properly. (source) Another study in 8 factories in India found that minor injuries were extremely common and caused by unergonomic work stations, poor organization in the work place and lack of safety gear, guidelines and training (source). Safety precautions too are often overlooked to cut corners, which periodically leads to factory accidents, like in 2023 lack of fire exists and fire extinguishers, and goods stacked beyond capacity led to a factory fire in Pakistan which injured dozens of workers (source) or like in 2022 dangerous factory site led to one dead worker and 9 injured workers (source).

Rana Plaza collapse in 2013 is the worst industrial accident in recent history. The factory building did not have proper permits and the factory owner blatantly ignored signs of danger (other businesses abandoned the building a day before the collapse), which led to deaths of 1 134 workers and injuries to 2 500 workers. The factory had or were at the time working for orders of at least Prada, Versace, Primark, Walmart, Zara, H&M, C&A, Mango, Benetton, the Children's Place, El Corte Inglés, Joe Fresh, Carrefour, Auchan, KiK, Loblaw, Bonmarche and Matalan. None of the brands were held legally accountable for the unsafe working conditions which they profited off of. Only 9 of the brands attended a meeting to agree on compensation for the victim's families. Walmart, Carrefour, Auchan, Mango and KiK refused to sight the agreement, it was only signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles. The compension these companies provided was laughable though. Primemark demanded DNA evidence that they are relatives of one of the victims from these struggling families who had lost their often sole breadwinner for a meager sum of 200 USD (which doesn't even count for two months of living wage in Bangladesh (source)). This obviously proved to be extremely difficult for most families even though US government agreed to donate DNA kits. This is often said to be a turning point in working conditions in the industry, at least in Bangladesh, but while there's more oversight now, as we have seen, there's clearly still massive issues. (source 1, source 2)

One last major concern of working conditions in the industry I will mention is the Xinjiang raw cotton production, which is likely produced mainly with forced labour from Uighur concentration camps, aka slave labour of a suspected genocide. 90% of China's raw cotton production comes from Xinjiang (source). China is the second largest cotton producer in the world, after India, accounting 20% of the yearly global cotton production (source).

Pollution

Synthetic dyes, which synthetic fibers require, are the main cause of water pollution caused by the textile industry, which is estimated to account for 20% of global clean water pollution (source). This water pollution by the textile industry is suspected of causing a lot of health issues like digestive issues in the short term, and allergies, dermatitis, skin inflammation, tumors and human mutations in the long term. Toxins also effect fish and aquatic bacteria. Azo dyes, one of the major pollutants, can cause detrimental effects to aquatic ecosystems by decreasing photosynthetic activity of algae. Synthetic dyes and heavy metals also cause large amounts of soil pollution. Large amounts of heavy metals in soil, which occurs around factories that don't take proper environmental procautions, can cause anaemia, kidney failure, and cortical edoem in humans. That also causes changes in soil texture, decrease in soil microbial diversity and plant health, and changes in genetic structure of organisms growing in the soil. Textile factory waste water has been used for irrigation in Turkey, where other sources of water have been lacking, causing significant damage to the soil. (source)

Rayon produced through viscose process causes significant carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide pollution to the environment. CS2 causes cardiovascular, psychiatric, neuropsychological, endocrinal and reproductive disorders. Abortion rates among workers and their partners exposed to CS2 are reported to be significantly higher than in control groups. Many times higher amounts of sick days are reported for workers in spinning rooms of viscose fiber factories. China and India are largest producers of CS2 pollution, accounting respectively 65.74% and 11,11% of the global pollution, since they are also the major viscose producers. Emission of CS2 has increased significantly in India from 26.8 Gg in 2001 to 78.32 Gg in 2020. (source)

Waste

The textile industry is estimated to produce around 92 million tons of textile waste per year. As said before around 30% of the production is never sold and with shortening lifespans used the amount of used clothing that goes to waster is only increasing. This waste is large burned or thrown into landfills in poor countries. (source) H&M was accused in 2017 by investigative journalists of burning up to 12 tonnes of clothes per year themselves, including usable clothing, which they denied claiming they donated clothing they couldn't sell to charity instead (source). Most of the clothing donated to charity though is burned or dumbed to landfills (source).

Most of the waste clothing from rich countries like European countries, US, Australia and Canada are shipped to Chile (source) or African countries, mostly Ghana, but also Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire (source). There's major second-hand fashion industries in these places, but most of the charity clothing is dumbed to landfills, because they are in such bad condition or the quality is too poor. Burning and filling landfills with synthetic fabrics with synthetic dyes causes major air, water and soil pollution. The second-hand clothing industry also suppresses any local clothing production as donated clothing is inherently more competitive than anything else, making these places economically reliant on dumbed clothing, which is destroying their environment and health, and prevents them from creating a more sustainable economy that would befit them more locally. This is not an accident, but required part of the clothing industry. Overproduction let's these companies tap on every new trend quickly, while not letting clothing the prices in rich countries drop so low it would hurt their profits. Production is cheaper than missing a trend.

Micro- and nanoplastics

There is massive amounts of micro- and nanoplastics in all of our environment. It's in our food, drinking water, even sea salt (source). Washing synthetic textiles accounts for roughly 35% of all microplastics released to the environment. It's estimated that it has caused 14 million tonnes of microplastics to accumulate into the bottom of the ocean. (source)

Microplastics build up into the intestines of animals (including humans), and have shown to probably cause cause DNA damage and altered organism behavior in aquatic fauna. Microplastics also contain a lot of the usual pollutants from textile industry like synthetic dyes and heavy metals, which absorb in higher quantities to tissues of animals through microplastics in the intestines. Studies have shown that the adverse effect are higher the longer the microplastics stay in the organism. The effects cause major risks to aquatic biodiversity. (source) The health effects of microplastics to humans are not well known, but studies have shown that they could have adverse effects on digestive, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive and immune systems. (source)

Microplastics degrade in the environment even further to nanoplastics. Nanoplastic being even smaller are found to enter blood circulation, get inside cells and cross the blood-brain barrier. In fishes they have been found to cause neurological damage. Nanoplastics are also in the air, and humans frequently breath them in. Study in office buildings found higher concentration of nanoplastics in indoor air than outdoor air. Inside the nanoplastics are likely caused mostly by synthetic household textiles, and outdoors mostly by car tires. (source) An association between nanoplastics and mitochondrial damage in human respiratory cells was found in a recent study. (source)

Micro and nano plastics are also extremely hard to remove from the environment, making it even more important that we reduce the amount of microplastics we produce as fast as possible.

What can we do?

This is a question that deserves it's own essays and articles written about it, but I will leave you with some action points. Reading about these very bleak realities can easily lead to overwhelming apathy, but we need to channel these horrors into actions. Whatever you do, do not fall into apathy. We don't have the luxury for that, we need to act. These are industry wide problems, that simply cannot be fixed by consumerism. Do not trust any clothing companies, even those who market themselves as ethical and responsible, always assume they are lying. Most of them are, even the so called "good ones". We need legislation. We cannot allow the industry to regulate itself, they will always take the easy way out and lie to their graves. I will for sure write more in dept about what we can do, but for now here's some actions to take, both political and individual ones.

Political actions

Let's start with political actions, since they will be the much more important ones. While we are trying to dismantle capitalism and neocolonialism (the roots of these issues), here's some things that we could do right now. These will be policies that we should be doing everywhere in the world, but especially rich countries, where most of the clothing consumption is taking place. Vote, speak to others, write to your representative, write opinion pieces to your local papers, engage with democracy.

Higher requirements of transparency. Right now product transparency in clothing is laughably low. In EU only the material make up and the origin country of the final product are required to be disclosed. Everything else is up to the company. Mandatory transparency is the only way we can force any positive changes in the production. The minimum of transparency should be: origin countries of the fibers and textiles in the product itself; mandatory reports of the lifecycle emissions; mandatory reports of whole chain of production. Right now the clothing companies make their chain of production intentionally complex, so they have plausible deniability when inevitably they are caught violating environmental or worker protection laws (source). They intentionally don't want to be able to track down their production chain. Forcing them to do so anyway would make it very expensive for them to keep up this unnecessarily complex production chain. These laws are most effective when put in place in large economies like EU or US.

Restrictions on the use of synthetic fibers. Honestly I think they should be banned entirely, since the amount of microplastics in our environment is already extremely distressing and the other environmental effects of synthetic fibers are also massive, but I know there are functions for which they are not easily replaced (though I think they can be replaces in those too, but that's a subject of another post), so we should start with restrictions. I'm not sure how they should be specifically made, I'm not a law expert, but they shouldn't be used in everyday textiles, where there are very easy and obvious other options.

Banning viscose. There are much better options for viscose method that don't cause massive health issues and environmental destruction where ever it's made, like Lyocell. There is absolutely no reason why viscose should be allowed to be sold anywhere.

Governmental support for local production by local businesses. Most of the issues could be much more easily solved and monitored if most clothing were not produced by massive global conglomerations, but rather by local businesses that produce locally. All clothing are made by hand, so centralizing production doesn't even give it advantage in effectiveness (only more profits for the few). Producing locally would make it much more easier to enforce regulations and it would reduce production chains, making production more effective, leaving more profits into the hands of the workers and reducing emissions from transportation. When the production is done by local businesses, the profits would stay in the producing country and they could be taxed and utilized to help the local communities. This would be helpful to do in both exploited and exploiter countries. When done in rich countries who exploit poorer ones, it would reduce the demand for exploitation. In poor countries this is not as easily done, since poor means they don't have money to give around, but maybe this could be a good cause to put some reparations from colonizers and global corporations, which they should pay.

Preventing strategic accounting between subsidiaries and parent companies. Corporate law is obviously not my area of expertise, but I know that allowing corporations to move around the accounting of profits and losses between subsidiaries and parent companies in roughly 1980s, was a major factor in creating this modern global capitalist system, where corporations can very easily manipulate their accounting to utilize tax heavens and avoid taxes where they actually operate, which is how they are upholding this terrible system and extracting the profits from the production countries. How specifically this would be done I can't tell because again I know shit about corporate law, so experts of that field should plan the specifics. Overall this would help deal with a lot of other problems than just the fashion industry. Again for it to be effective a large economic area like EU or US should do this.

Holding companies accountable for their whole chain of production. These companies should be dragged to court and made to answer for the crimes they are profiting of off. We should put fear back into them. This is possible. Victims of child slavery are already doing this for chocolate companies. If it's already not how law works everywhere, the laws should be changed so that the companies are responsible even if they didn't know, because it's their responsibility to find out and make sure they know. They should have been held accountable for the Rana Plaza disaster. Maybe they still could be. Sue the mother fuckers. They should be afraid of us.

Individual actions

I will stress that the previous section is much more important and that there's no need to feel guilty for individual actions. This is not the fault of the average consumer. Still we do need to change our relationship to fashion and consumption. While it's not our fault, one of the ways this system is perpetuated, is by the consumerist propaganda by fashion industry. And it is easier to change our own habits than to change the industry, even if our own habits have little impact. So these are quite easy things we all could do as we are trying to do bigger change to gain some sense of control and keep us from falling to apathy.

Consume less. Better consumption will not save us, since consumption itself is the problem. We consume too much clothing. Don't make impulse purchases. Consider carefully weather you actually need something or if you really really want it. Even only buying second-hand still fuels the industry, so while it's better than buying new, it's still better to not buy.

Take proper care of your clothing. Learn how to properly wash your clothing. There's a lot of internet resources for that. Never wash your wool textiles in washing machine, even if the textile's official instructions allow it. Instead air them regularly, rinse them in cool water if they still smell after airing and wash stains with water or small amount of (wool) detergent. Never use fabric softener! It damages the fabrics, prevents them from properly getting clean and is environmentally damaging. Instead use laundry vinegar for making textiles softer or removing bad smells. (You can easily make laundry vinegar yourself too from white vinegar and water (and essential oils, if you want to add a scent to it) which is much cheaper.) Learn how to take care of your leather products. Most leather can be kept in very good condition for a very long time by occasional waxing with beeswax.

Use the services of dressmakers and shoemakers. Take your broken clothing or clothing which doesn't fit anymore to your local dressmaker and ask them if they can do something about it. Take your broken and worn leather products to your local shoemaker too. Usually it doesn't cost much to get something fixed or refitted and these expert usually have ways to fix things you couldn't even think of. So even if the situation with your clothing or accessory seems desperate, still show it to the dressmaker or shoemaker.

If it's extremely cheap, don't buy it. Remember that every clothing is handmade. Only a small fraction of the cost of the clothing will be paying the wages of the person who made it with their hands. If a shirt costs 5 euros (c. 5,39 USD), it's sewer was only payed mere cents for sewing it. I'm not a quick sewer and it takes me roughly 1-2 hours to cut, prepare and sew a simple shirt, so I'm guessing it would take around half an hour to do all that for a factory worker on a crunch, at the very least 15 minutes. So the hourly pay would still be ridiculously low. However, as I said before, the fact that the workers in clothing factories get criminally low pay is not the fault of the consumer, so if you need a clothing item, and you don't have money to buy anything else than something very cheep, don't feel guilty. And anyway expensive clothing in no way necessarily means reasonable pay or ethical working conditions, cheep clothing just guarantee them.

Learn to recognize higher quality. In addition to exploitation, low price also means low quality, but again high price doesn't guarantee high quality. High quality allows you to buy less, so even if it's not as cheep as low quality, if you can afford it, when you need it, it will be cheaper in long run, and allows you to consume less. Check the materials. Natural fibers are your friends. Do not buy plastic, if it's possible to avoid. Avoid household textiles from synthetic fibers. Avoid textiles with small amounts of spandex to give it stretch, it will shorten the lifespan of the clothing significantly as the spandex quickly wears down and the clothing looses it's shape. Also avoid clothing with rubber bands. They also loose their elasticity very quickly. In some types of clothing (sport wear, underwear) these are basically impossible to avoid, but in many other cases it's entirely possible.

Buy from artisans and local producers, if you can. As said better consumption won't fix this, but supporting artisans and your local producers could help keep them afloat, which in small ways helps create an alternative to the exploitative global corporations. With artisans especially you know the money goes to the one who did the labour and buying locally means less middlemen to take their cut. More generally buy rather from businesses that are located to the same country where the production is, even if it's not local to you. A local business doesn't necessarily produce locally.

Develop your own taste. If you care about fashion and style, it's easy to fall victim to the fashion industry's marketing and trend cycles. That's why I think it's important to develop your personal sense of style and preferences. Pay attention at what type of clothes are comfortable to you. Go through your wardrobe and track for a while which clothing you use most and which least. Understanding your own preferences helps you avoid impulse buying.

Consider learning basics of sewing. Not everyone has the time or interest for this, but if you in anyway might have a bit of both, I suggest learning some very simple and basic mending and reattaching a button.

Further reading on this blog: How to see through the greenwashing propaganda of the fashion industry - Case study 1: Shein

Bibliography

Academic sources

An overview of the contribution of the textiles sector to climate change, 2022, L. F. Walter et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science

How common are aches and pains among garment factory workers? A work-related musculoskeletal disorder assessment study in three factories of south 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, 2021, Arkaprovo Pal et al., J Family Med Prim Care

Sewing shirts with injured fingers and tears: exploring the experience of female garment workers health problems in Bangladesh, 2019, Akhter, S., Rutherford, S. & Chu, C., BMC Int Health Hum Rights

Occupation Related Accidents in Selected Garment Industries in Bangalore City, 2006, Calvin, Sam & Joseph, Bobby, Indian Journal of Community Medicine

A Review on Textile and Clothing Industry Impacts on The Environment, 2022, Nur Farzanah Binti Norarmi et al., International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide emissions from viscose fibre manufacturing industry: A case study in India, 2022, Deepanjan Majumdar et al., Atmospheric Environment: X

Microplastics Pollution: A Brief Review of Its Source and Abundance in Different Aquatic Ecosystems, 2023, Asifa Ashrafy et al., Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances

Health Effects of Microplastic Exposures: Current Issues and Perspectives in South Korea, 2023, Yongjin Lee et al., Yonsei Medical Journal

Nanoplastics and Human Health: Hazard Identification and Biointerface, 2022, Hanpeng Lai, Xing Liu, and Man Qu, Nanomaterials

Other sources

The impact of textile production and waste on the environment (infographics), 2020, EU

Chile’s desert dumping ground for fast fashion leftovers, 2021, AlJazeera

Fashion - Worldwide, 2022 (updated 2024), Statista

Fashion Industry Waste Statistics & Facts 2023, James Evans, Sustainable Ninja (magazine)

Everything You Need to Know About Waste in the Fashion Industry, 2024, Solene Rauturier, Good on You (magazine)

Textiles and the environment, 2022, Nikolina Šajn, European Parliamentary Research Service

Help! I'm addicted to secondhand shopping apps, 2023, Alice Crossley, Cosmopolitan

Addictive, absurdly cheap and controversial: the rise of China’s Temu app, 2023, Helen Davidson, Guardian

Workers' conditions in the textile and clothing sector: just an Asian affair? - Issues at stake after the Rana Plaza tragedy, 2014, Enrico D'Ambrogio, European Parliamentary Research Service

State of The Industry: Lowest Wages to Living Wages, The Lowest Wage Challenge (Industry affiliated campaign)

Fast Fashion Getting Faster: A Look at the Unethical Labor Practices Sustaining a Growing Industry, 2021, Emma Ross, International Law and Policy Brief (George Washington University Law School)

Dozens injured in Pakistan garment factory collapse and fire, 2023, Hannah Abdulla, Just Style (news media)

India: Multiple factory accidents raise concerns over health & safety in the garment industry, campaigners call for freedom of association in factories to ‘stave off’ accidents, 2022, Jasmin Malik Chua, Business & Human Rights Resource Center

Minimum Wage Level for Garment Workers in the World, 2020, Sheng Lu, FASH455 Global Apparel & Textile Trade and Sourcing (University of Delaware)

Rana Plaza collapse, Wikipedia

Buyers’ compensation for Rana Plaza victims far from reality, 2013, Ibrahim Hossain Ovi, Dhaka Tribune (news media)

World cotton production statistics, updated 2024, The World Counts

Dead white man’s clothes, 2021, Linton Besser, ABC News

#fashion #fashion industry #sustainability #sustainable fashion #sustainable clothing #environment #climate change #i will be continuing the series of how to see through fashion industry propaganda at some point #i just felt compelled to write this because i feel like people so often miss the forest for the trees in this conversation

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kemetic-dreams · 1 year

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When and why did the Islamic world lose the scientific edge it once had?

The when is easy. The 14th & 15th Century Renaissance when the Europeans rose to be dominant

The why is far more interesting.

The fourteenth century Arab culture was the pinnacle of civilization. Women had rights and were an equal partner in knowledge and the running society. Prosperity (relatively) abound, warring factions were more or less united. But..

The Arabs were excellent on theoretical knowledge, trade and mobile equipment. Now that makes sense, because the empire was vast. Imagine an empire 3x of Europe, from Jerusalem to the borders of India (modern day Pakistan). They needed mobile knowledge, that could be transmitted via trade routes.

Once heavy machinery came into common practice, the Arab method was obselete. They couldn’t have a particular base, because their empire was based on movement. The society was extensively nomadic. And heavy machinery didn't work it for nomads.

Heavy equipment was the challenge, and resulted in a slow but gradual decay.

For example, Islamic calligraphers were sought the world over for copying books and texts. A vastly profitable & respectable position. But the advent of the printing press made them obsolete

No development of port based infrastructure along the desert, because they preferred the silk route. But being in proximity to European development ensured that the closer segments (Turkish empire/Iran) split up from the main culture and focused on localized development. Other examples:

Ginning equipment and textile mills rendered embroidery obselete

Steam engines rendered traditional carts obsolete

Steel milling rendered smithies obsolete

Focus was starting to grow on mining practices, which the Islamic world knew nothing about (crude oil was still a few centuries off)

Prefabrication of building materials rendered their architecture outdated

By the time the European industrialization took over, the fall of the Islamic world was imminent and certain.

#islam #arab culture #asian #western asian #india #europe #kemetic dreams

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beardedmrbean · 11 months

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A dozen poor countries are facing economic instability and even collapse under the weight of hundreds of billions of dollars in foreign loans, much of them from the world’s biggest and most unforgiving government lender, China.

An Associated Press analysis of a dozen countries most indebted to China — including Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Laos and Mongolia — found paying back that debt is consuming an ever-greater amount of the tax revenue needed to keep schools open, provide electricity and pay for food and fuel. And it’s draining foreign currency reserves these countries use to pay interest on those loans, leaving some with just months before that money is gone.

Behind the scenes is China’s reluctance to forgive debt and its extreme secrecy about how much money it has loaned and on what terms, which has kept other major lenders from stepping in to help. On top of that is the recent discovery that borrowers have been required to put cash in hidden escrow accounts that push China to the front of the line of creditors to be paid.

Countries in AP’s analysis had as much as 50% of their foreign loans from China and most were devoting more than a third of government revenue to paying off foreign debt. Two of them, Zambia and Sri Lanka, have already gone into default, unable to make even interest payments on loans financing the construction of ports, mines and power plants.

In Pakistan, millions of textile workers have been laid off because the country has too much foreign debt and can’t afford to keep the electricity on and machines running.

In Kenya, the government has held back paychecks to thousands of civil service workers to save cash to pay foreign loans. The president’s chief economic adviser tweeted last month, “Salaries or default? Take your pick.”

Since Sri Lanka defaulted a year ago, a half-million industrial jobs have vanished, inflation has pierced 50% and more than half the population in many parts of the country has fallen into poverty.

Experts predict that unless China begins to soften its stance on its loans to poor countries, there could be a wave of more defaults and political upheavals.

“In a lot of the world, the clock has hit midnight,” said Harvard economist Ken Rogoff. “ China has moved in and left this geopolitical instability that could have long-lasting effects.”

HOW IT'S PLAYING OUT

A case study of how it has played out is in Zambia, a landlocked country of 20 million people in southern Africa that over the past two decades has borrowed billions of dollars from Chinese state-owned banks to build dams, railways and roads.

The loans boosted Zambia’s economy but also raised foreign interest payments so high there was little left for the government, forcing it to cut spending on healthcare, social services and subsidies to farmers for seed and fertilizer.

In the past under such circumstances, big government lenders such as the U.S., Japan and France would work out deals to forgive some debt, with each lender disclosing clearly what they were owed and on what terms so no one would feel cheated.

But China didn't play by those rules. It refused at first to even join in multinational talks, negotiating separately with Zambia and insisting on confidentiality that barred the country from telling non-Chinese lenders the terms of the loans and whether China had devised a way of muscling to the front of the repayment line.

Amid this confusion in 2020, a group of non-Chinese lenders refused desperate pleas from Zambia to suspend interest payments, even for a few months. That refusal added to the drain on Zambia’s foreign cash reserves, the stash of mostly U.S. dollars that it used to pay interest on loans and to buy major commodities like oil. By November 2020, with little reserves left, Zambia stopped paying the interest and defaulted, locking it out of future borrowing and setting off a vicious cycle of spending cuts and deepening poverty.

Continued in the link

#nunyas news

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duniaghomo · 1 year

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Pakistan’s currency has fallen by 40% in a year, reaching 279.30 Pakistani rupees. Pakistan’s GDP has fallen by up to 4% as a result of power outages alone. Power outages have completely disrupted Pakistan’s textile and manufacturing sectors, and the country’s currency has fallen below $3 billion, the equivalent of Sri Lanka. Bangladesh was trailing Pakistan but is now catching up, but what will happen to Pakistan? Despite receiving the most foreign aid from all over the world, it continues to fall behind. Many poorer countries in the world are in worse shape than Pakistan, so why does Pakistan receive more financial assistance than others? It is critical to comprehend the underlying causes of this entire situation. When India and Pakistan were partitioned, Pakistan received one-third of the military and 17% of total resources. Hussain Haqqani, a Pakistani author, confirmed this information. Only 34 of the totals of 921 major industries were allocated to Pakistan

#pakistan #india #economy #pakistan army #reality of pakistan army

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dgpr-punjab-newsroom · 6 days

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With compliments from, The Directorate General Public Relations,

Government of the Punjab, Lahore Ph. 99201390.

No.1051/Tayyab/Mujahid

HANDOU (A)

CHAUDHRY SHAFAY HUSSAIN VISITS PUNJAB TIANJIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LAHORE

Lahore April 17: Provincial Minister of Industry and Commerce Chaudhry Shafay Hussain visited Punjab Tianjin University of Technology Township. Reviewed the teaching process, inspected various departments and labs of the university. Vice Chancellor University Dr. Rauf Azam gave a briefing about the teaching process, performance and challenges in the university.

Speaking on the occasion, Provincial Minister of Industry and Commerce Chaudhry Shafay Hussain said that there is a great demand for skilled manpower in the global market. A plan was evolved to improve the quality of technical education and send skilled manpower to foreign countries for employment. Technical education institutions will be brought up to international standards. Initially, three colleges of TEVTA will be upgraded. He said that the cooperation of the university with the industry and the Chambers of Commerce and Industry should be increased and new agreement documents should be prepared with China for the teaching process in the university. The provincial minister directed that work should be done on providing artificial intelligence, microchip manufacturing and solar technology training in the university. He said that more improvements will be made in the labs of the university. It is necessary to develop an ecosystem to provide legal protection to the technical graduates. The Punjab government will provide support for the approval of the National Technology Council of Pakistan Act by the Parliament. A plan to introduce one-year and two-year courses in textile designing will also be made. The provincial minister also directed to improve the lighting system in the university. The provincial minister also planted saplings in the university regarding the plantation campaign. Senior Economic Advisor Javed Iqbal, DG Punjab Skill Development Authority, Sahibzadi Wasima Umar, University administration and faculty members were also present in the meeting.

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vorsonpk · 8 days

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Premier General Order Supplies - Top Provider in Pakistan

In a bustling country like Pakistan, the backbone of a thriving economy lies in the efficient interplay of its supply chain networks. Among the unsung heroes working diligently to ensure a smooth flow of goods are the general order suppliers, and at the forefront of this sector is Premier General Order Supplies. Premier stands not just as a service provider but as a testament to the growth and adaptability of the nation's industry.

Premier General Order Supplies is a beacon of service, reliability, and innovation for countless businesses across Pakistan. This long-form post is dedicated to shedding light on the integral role that general order suppliers play in the economy, the rise of Premier as a leader in the industry, the ripple effects of their services, and the future landscape for this sector.

What Are General Order Suppliers?

General order suppliers serve as intermediaries between manufacturers and businesses in need of supplies, sourcing a wide range of products and materials as per the requirements of their clients. They are responsible for procurement, warehousing, and timely delivery, ensuring businesses can focus on their core operations without concern over logistics.

These suppliers cater to diverse sectors such as construction, pharmaceuticals, food, and textiles, providing raw materials, equipment, and MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations) supplies. Such a broad reach illustrates the adaptability and essentiality of general order suppliers in maintaining Pakistan's industrial heartbeat.

History and Growth of Premier General Order Supplies

Premier's roots trace back to the early 1990s when it was a fledgling enterprise in the heart of Lahore. The founding team envisioned a service that would not only fulfill orders but anticipate and cater to the evolving needs of businesses. This vision, backed by an unyielding commitment to quality, forged the path for Premier's meteoric rise in the following years.

Premier carved a niche throughout the nineties by introducing innovative supply chain solutions, capitalizing on technology, and adhering to international standards. Today, the company is a testament to indigenous growth and resilience in the face of global competition.

Services Offered by Premier

Premier boasts an expansive catalog of services, ranging from the procurement of industrial machinery to small-batch deliveries of specialized chemicals. It is a one-stop shop for any business needing supplies, presenting a comprehensive solution to the most complex procurement challenges.

The company prides itself on its ability to source the most obscure materials, reaching beyond local suppliers to tap international markets. This agility sets Premier apart, ensuring their clients' operations are not hindered by unavailability or delays in critical material supplies.

Impact on Pakistan's Market

Premier's footprint in the Pakistani market is a testament to how a supply chain partner can impact an economy. It has bolstered local manufacturers by providing outlets for their goods, supported small and mid-sized businesses by ensuring the availability of supplies, and contributed to Pakistan's export success story.

Noteworthy case studies highlight Premier's role in enabling local businesses to perform globally. By maintaining cost-effective and quality-centric processes, these partnerships have opened up doors to international markets and provided much-needed impetus to Pakistan's export potential.

Challenges Faced by General Order Suppliers

Operating in an economy as dynamic as Pakistan has challenges, and general order suppliers are acutely aware of an intricate web of complexities they must untangle. Like its peers, Premier has to contend with fluctuating exchange rates, inflation, and evolving regulatory frameworks.

One particular challenge Premier has encountered is the need for industry-specific certifications and compliances. To address this, Premier has invested in robust systems and professional development, ensuring that they not only meet but often exceed the stringent requirements, thus bolstering trust and reliability in their services.

Future of General Order Supplies in Pakistan

The future of general order supplies in Pakistan is brimming with opportunities amidst a rapidly globalizing economy. Emerging industries, upsurge in technology adoption, and the quest for sustainable practices underscore the need for efficient supply management. Premiers' strategic outlook is promising, with the foresight to explore and capitalize on these growth areas.

The coming decade is expected to witness the sector's expansion into new territories and services, with Premier at the helm, ready to steer through the waves of change. The company's focus on digitalization, environmentally sensitive practices, and staff development are poised to set benchmarks in the industry.

Conclusion

In the tapestry of Pakistan's economy, Premier General Order Supplies has woven a rich legacy of service and stability. The story of Premier is not just a corporate success but a narrative of community growth and national economic development. For years, Premier will stand tall as an exemplar for others in the Business services sector, an ally to businesses of all scales, and an indispensable cog in the machinery of Pakistan's economic progress.

In the face of globalization, a commitment to quality, customer service, and agility will propel Premier and its peers forward. The future is bright for the sector and the nation, and Premier is well-prepared to contribute to that narrative.

#Business services #General Order Supplier

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iranazooniprints · 14 days

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The Sustainable Benefits Of Supporting Chadri Printing Artisans

In a world increasingly dominated by mass manufacturing and mechanization, conventional crafts preserve a special allure. Among these, the art of Chadri printing stands proud for its wealthy records, cultural significance, and sustainable practices. Originating within the Indian subcontinent, chadri printing includes intricately hand-block printing fabric with natural dyes and conventional motifs. Despite the demanding situations posed with the aid of modernization, assisting Chadri printing artisans not only preserves a unique cultural background but also promotes sustainability in various ways.

Cultural Preservation:

Chadri printing is more than just a craft; it is a living tradition deeply rooted within the cultural fabric of its beginning countries. From India to Pakistan and past, Chadri printing displays the records, tales, and aesthetic sensibilities of diverse groups. Each motif and sample contains layers of meaning, often reflecting nature, mythology, or nearby ideals.

By assisting Chadri printing artisans, we make contributions to the preservation of these cultural narratives. These artisans are custodians of age-antique techniques passed down via generations. Their paintings now not only sustain their livelihoods but additionally guarantee that this worthwhile cultural history endures for generations to come.

Environmental Sustainability:

In the present-day world,where we worry a lot about the surroundings getting worse and the weather changing, it's truly essential to do things in a sustainable way. Unlike mass-produced textiles that frequently depend upon artificial dyes and chemical compounds dangerous to the environment, Chadri printing embraces sustainability at its core.

Traditional Chadri artisans utilize natural dyes derived from flora, minerals, and other organic assets. These dyes not only produce colorful coloring but also biodegrade harmlessly, minimizing environmental effects. Furthermore, the hand-block printing method itself consumes extensively less electricity in comparison to business printing techniques, decreasing carbon emissions and power consumption.

By opting for Chadri-revealed textiles, purchasers actively aid eco-friendly practices and contribute to the protection of natural sources.

Economic Empowerment:

Behind every Chadri-published fabric lies the ability and craftsmanship of artisans who regularly come from marginalized communities. By helping Chadri printing, clients directly make contributions to the economic empowerment of these artisans, specifically women, who form a large portion of the body of workers in this zone.

For many artisans, chadri printing is not only a livelihood but a lifeline. By offering truthful wages and sustainable employment opportunities, we help uplift complete groups, breaking the cycle of poverty and dependency.

Moreover, the call for Chadri-revealed textiles creates a ripple impact, stimulating neighborhood economies and supporting ancillary industries together with farming (for natural dye resources) and small-scale fabric manufacturing.

Social Impact:

Beyond its monetary implications, Chadri printing fosters social brotherly love and community resilience. In many areas where this craft prospers, it serves as a focal point for social gatherings, ability-sharing, and cultural change. Through apprenticeships and casual mastering networks, expertise is passed down from grasp artisans to the following generation, ensuring continuity and innovation.

Furthermore, Chadri printing frequently empowers girls by offering them opportunities for unbiased earnings generation. In societies where gender equality stays a venture, this monetary organization translates into greater choice-making strength, progressed healthcare, and enhanced educational possibilities for women and their families.

Unique Aesthetic Appeal:

In an age of heavily produced homogeneity, Chadri-printed textiles stand out for their precise aesthetic appeal. The problematic designs, colorful colorations, and tactile niceness of hand-block published fabrics lend a timeless attraction to clothes, home furniture, and add-ons. By incorporating Chadri-published textiles into their lives, clients not only express their individuality but also connect with a worldwide network of artisans and fans who share an ardor for craftsmanship and authenticity.

Conclusion:

In a world increasingly described via speedy fashion and disposable consumerism, the iconic enchantment of Chadri printing lies in its undying beauty, cultural resonance, and sustainable ethos. By supporting Chadri printing artisans, we verify our commitment to maintaining cultural background, selling environmental sustainability, and fostering economic empowerment. As purchasers, we have the power to shape the future of style and craft. By selecting products that reflect our values and guide groups, we not only increase our lives but also contribute to a more equitable and sustainable global. Let us include the splendor of Chadri printing and the artisans at the back of it, understanding that our selections these days will leave a lasting legacy for generations to come.

#Chadri printing

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anwarindustries · 1 month

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speedyposts · 3 months

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In Pakistan, old hopefuls jostle to turn around struggling economy

Pakistani voters head to the polls on Thursday amid a deep-seated economic crisis. Inflation is hovering at 30 percent, close to 40 percent of people live below the poverty line, and the debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio has climbed to 72 percent. Pakistan’s new government will have to contend with these and an ageing public infrastructure.

“We have power outages every day for two hours,” says Muhammad Waqas, a janitor from Islamabad. “In the summer, when it’s hot, you sit idly and suffer.”

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▶ Satya Nadella & Sam Altman: Dawn of the AI Wars | The Circuit with Emily Chang

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As with other state-owned firms, the inability of successive governments to invest in Pakistan’s National Transmission and Despatch Company has left it prone to failure.

More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic and energy supply challenges dampened Pakistan’s growth prospects and constrained efforts to diversify its export base away from low-value-added products – such as cotton and rice – to higher-value goods.

In late 2022, meanwhile, monsoon floods displaced eight million people and cost the country $30bn in damage. The loss of cotton crops ravaged the country’s textile industry, a key source of exports. In all likelihood, Pakistan’s growth rate fell into negative territory in 2023.

Pakistan, which imports much of its food and fuel, consistently records large trade deficits. Owing in part to elevated commodity prices, foreign exchange reserves dwindled to less than one month of imports last May, leading to shortages of vital goods.

The following month, Islamabad narrowly avoided default after it secured a $3bn loan from the IMF – its 23rd fund programme since 1958. However, the lending package came with strict conditions and unpopular reforms.

As part of the deal, the government agreed to impose new taxes on its faltering power sector. It also agreed to lower utility subsidies, which led to sharp hikes in electricity prices, hitting poorer households particularly hard.

Inflation, which reached nearly 30 percent in December, has been climbing since the start of last year after Pakistan’s central bank agreed to liberalise its exchange rate as part of a pre-existing IMF programme. Once exchange controls were dropped, the value of the currency fell sharply.

The Pakistani rupee was Asia’s worst-performing currency in 2023, depreciating by roughly 20 percent against the US dollar. “We think the rupee will continue trending down slightly,” said Krisjanis Krustins, a director at Fitch Ratings. “This will lower Pakistan’s current account deficit as goods from abroad will become more expensive, compressing import levels.”

According to the State Bank of Pakistan, the country posted a balance of payments surplus of $397m last December.

Krustins told Al Jazeera, “Pakistan’s goods imports fell by 27 percent in the last calendar year. As for exports, they continue to be held back by limited human capital and poor infrastructure. So, corrections in the trade account have had a depressing impact on the economy.”

Recent job losses have lifted the official unemployment rate to a record high of 8.5 percent, pitching an additional 8.4 to 9.1 million people into poverty.

Separately, Pakistan has long suffered from “structural issues”, says Tariq Banuri, professor of economics at the University of Utah.

“For starters, Pakistan’s growth rate is not high enough to absorb its rapidly expanding population. It’s also one of the world’s worst performers on tax collection. Agricultural landowners are exempt from income tax, and there’s no capital gains tax on real estate.”

Successive governments have stopped short of imposing robust tax legislation for fear of upsetting powerful business interests, Banuri said. “But that may change this year because of the debt situation,” he added.

Islamabad’s failure to boost tax revenues and modernise state-owned enterprises has generated persistent fiscal deficits and a large debt burden. In absolute terms, external debt reached $125.7bn last year.

Looking ahead, Pakistan faces $24.6bn in external debt repayments by the end of June, the bulk of which is owed to China.

China is Pakistan’s largest bilateral creditor, and Beijing agreed to roll over $2.4bn in loans last year. Many economists expect the incoming government to try and secure longer-term financing from the IMF – its current deal expires in April.

Given the cutbacks to public spending last year, “further fiscal consolidation is unlikely”, says Yousuf Farooq, director of research at Chase Securities. “The Fund is going to try and eke out further conditions, but probably from wealthier sections of society.”

“Assuming the new government can get another IMF loan, it will struggle to repay unless it imposes new taxes on agriculture and real estate. If it can also roll over short-term contracts with longer repayment schedules, I’m hopeful that debt will fall in the near term,” he said.

In the meantime, foreign investment continues to be hamstrung by security concerns along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Since the Taliban returned to power in Kabul in 2021, Islamabad has accused its neighbour of harbouring fighters carrying out attacks on its soil.

An unfolding political crisis is also threatening Pakistan’s economic recovery. Today, Islamabad’s fragile democracy is overseen by a caretaker government following Imran Khan’s dismissal as prime minister in April 2022.

The legitimacy of the February 8 elections has been questioned as Khan is absent from the ballot sheet. He is in jail on corruption charges. And while he is disqualified from running, Khan’s approval rating stands at 57 percent, higher than any other politician.

As things stand, the head of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PMLN) – is favourite to win. Sharif’s PMLN has assumed power four times in the past three decades, under either himself or his brother Shehbaz Sharif.

Earlier this month, the Supreme Court further weakened Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) campaign by banning the use of a cricket bat as its symbol – a serious setback in a country where millions of illiterate voters identify candidates by their party logos.

For Banuri, the economics professor, “People are right to criticise Pakistan’s political system, which is dynastic and extractive. But for all that, I remain an optimist. I think the worst of the economic crisis is behind us.”

“While I always hope tomorrow will be better than today, I do not think the main political parties will offer meaningful change. They seem to be far more concerned with getting into power,” he added.

▶ Satya Nadella & Sam Altman: Dawn of the AI Wars | The Circuit with Emily Chang

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qizhimengqxd · 3 months

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100% Polyester DTY Yarn 75D/72F Semi Dull Raw White Him S Twist AA A B

DTEX is composed of 72 filaments between 80 and 86, with network nodes between 130 and 160 per meter. It is suitable for use on warp knitting machines and water jet machines, and is mostly used as warp thread. It is mainly used for clothing fabrics, home textiles, and worsted fabrics.

Changxing Qizhimeng Knitting Co., Ltd. is custom 100% Polyester DTY Yarn 75D/72F semi dull raw white Him S twist AA A B suppliers. Changxing Qizhimeng Knitting Co., Ltd. is an enterprise that combines industry and trade, committed to producing polyester nylon yarn, and ultrafine fiber towels, using advanced TMT machines and warp knitting machines. Based on high-quality and high-end markets, it can produce over 3000 tons of polyester yarn annually, mainly exported to dozens of countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, South Korea, Africa, Italy, the United Kingdom, and many other cooperative customers including bedding and clothing, Weaving mill customers, including more than 10 Fortune 500 companies, have become important suppliers of their textiles in China.

#Polyester DTY Yarn

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catcheyes-t-shirt · 4 months

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Volatile History of The Bangladesh Textile Industry

The Dhaka Muslin

In this article you would learn about the history and current scenario of the 2nd largest textile manufacturer in the world which is Bangladesh. Let’s start with the history, Bangladesh is not a new player when we talk about textile industry. It has a long history of manufacturing textile items. When we talk about 1000 years back. Bangladesh textile industry used to manufacture a special fabric called Dhaka Muslin. The speciality of this fabric was that it was very thin, it was so thin that 50 meter long fabric could be stored in 1 matchbox. This fabric was the choice of the royal families. Even Napoleon's wife used to wear clothes made out of this fabric.

The Fall of Bangladesh Textile Industry

Bangladesh used to export cotton and silk between the 16th to 18th century. The countries to which exports were done were EU, Japan and Indonesia. It was an important place for the mughal emperor because of the exports. In 1757 britishers colonized Bangladesh which led to deindustrialization of textile industry. They used to import their product to Bangladesh and stopped exporting Bangladesh finished product to any country.

Situation of Bangladesh Textile Industry Post Independence

In Bangladesh there was major influence of west Pakistan post 1947, as they used to own major textile factories in Bangladesh till 1971. In the 1960s some native opened their textile factories. After the independence of Bangladesh there was an industrial enterprise order act passed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman. According to this act all the privately owned textile factories came under government control under the name Bangladesh Textile Mill Corporations.

These public owned factories were not performing well and after 1975 it started making losses, because of these losses the factories were given back to their prior owners in 1980. After that we have seen an upward direction of growth in the textile industry in Bangladesh. Today they have surpassed the growth of the textile industry in India. In today’s time many global buyers buy t-shirts in bulk, trousers, jeans, shirts and tops from Bangladesh.

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carbon-black-deri · 4 months

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Anhui Derui Material Technology Co., Ltd.

Anhui Derui Material Technology Co., Ltd. was established in 2006. It is an innovative industrial manufacturing enterprise integrating the R&D, production, sales and technical support of special pigment carbon black.

https://www.dr-carbonblack.com/

Based on domestic and foreign market demand and industry segmentation positioning, Derui actively explores carbon black surface oxidation treatment technology. After years of accumulation, it has steadily achieved technological breakthroughs and product quality improvements. The oxidized Deryblack series is widely used in high-end coatings, inks, plastics, sealants, leather pastes, fiber colorings, textile printing pastes and other fields. It is favored by customers at home and abroad and has a good market in more than 50 countries and regions. South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, Pakistan, Turkey, Russia, Germany, Kenya, Egypt and other countries and regions.

As a national high-tech. Derui has invested in and built a professional production base that meets international standards in Guangde, Anhui, the advantageous area of the Yangtze River Delta. Derui now has 2 production lines with an annual output of 5,000 tons of ordinary carbon black and 6 sets of oxidation equipment, with an annual output of 6,000 tons of oxidized high-end carbon black. In recent years, Derui has built a new high-end water-based black color paste production plant with an annual output of 4,000 tons on the original basis to strengthen and grow its supporting industries.

Welcome to contact us for detailed ordering information!

#carbon black

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guarplant · 4 months

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Guar Gum: A Versatile and Essential Product in Modern Industries

In the world of food and industrial products, there are numerous substances that play a crucial role in their production and quality. One such substance that has gained widespread importance is guar gum. Derived from guar beans, this product is known for its versatility and wide-ranging applications in various industries, making it a valuable commodity in today's market. In this blog, we will delve into the world of guar gum, exploring its uses, production, and the key players in its export and manufacturing industry.

What is Guar Gum?

Guar gum is a natural and environmentally friendly product derived from the tissues of guar bean. The guar plant, scientifically known as Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, is primarily grown in the regions of India and Pakistan. The seeds of the guar plant are processed to obtain guar gum, which is a water-soluble substance with excellent thickening and binding properties. This characteristic makes guar gum a popular choice in a wide range of industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, paper, and more.

The Versatility of Guar Gum

In the food industry, guar gum is widely utilized as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is commonly found in products such as ice cream, yogurt, cheese, sauces, and salad dressings. Due to its ability to prevent crystallization, improve texture, and enhance shelf life, guar gum has become an essential ingredient in the production of various food items.

Aside from its applications in the food industry, guar gum is also extensively used in pharmaceutical formulations. It serves as a binder and disintegrating agent in tablets and capsules, providing cohesiveness to the formulation and aiding in the release of active ingredients. Moreover, its role in controlling viscosity and improving stability makes guar gum a valuable component in the manufacturing of personal care and cosmetic products.

Furthermore, guar gum finds widespread application in the oil and gas industry as a viscosifier in hydraulic fracturing fluids. Its ability to efficiently carry proppants and control fluid loss makes it indispensable in the extraction of oil and natural gas from underground formations. In the textile and paper industries, guar gum is utilized for its excellent film-forming and thickening properties, contributing to the production of high-quality textiles and paper products.

The Role of Exporters and Manufacturers

The global demand for guar gum has led to the emergence of a robust export and manufacturing industry, with India being one of the primary exporters and manufacturers of guar gum. Indian companies have played a pivotal role in supplying high-quality guar gum to various international markets, meeting the diverse needs of industries worldwide.

The manufacturing process of guar gum involves several stages, including cleaning, dehusking, milling, and refining the guar beans to obtain the desired form of guar gum. Through advanced processing techniques and stringent quality control measures, Indian manufacturers have been able to deliver guar gum of exceptional quality, meeting international standards and regulations.

In addition to manufacturing, the export of guar gum is equally significant. Exporters of guar gum play a crucial role in facilitating the distribution of this valuable product across the globe, ensuring its availability to industries in different countries. By establishing strong networks and adhering to efficient logistics and supply chain management, exporters contribute to the seamless global trade of guar gum, bolstering its presence in various markets.

The Process of Manufacturing Guar Gum

The journey of guar gum starts with the de-husking, hydrating, milling, and sifting of the guar beans. Each of these steps is crucial to ensure the purity and quality of the final product, which is a white to yellowish-white, nearly odorless powder.

Health Benefits of Guar Gum

Guar gum is high in soluble fiber, which offers various health benefits, including:

Digestive Health: It aids digestion and improves gut health.

Blood Sugar Management: It can slow the absorption of sugar, helping to regulate blood sugar levels.

Cholesterol Management: Guar gum has been associated with lowering bad LDL cholesterol.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Despite its benefits, guar gum may pose some risks, such as:

Gastrointestinal Issues: Overconsumption can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including gas and bloating.

Possible Allergic Reactions: Some may experience allergies, although this is relatively rare.

Regulatory Status

Guar gum is approved for use in many countries and considered safe under certain regulatory standards such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States.

The Sustainability of Guar Farming

Interestingly, guar beans are a drought-resistant crop, normally requiring minimal resources, which makes them relatively sustainable compared to other crops.

The Future of Guar Gum

As industries continue to seek natural and versatile ingredients for their products, the demand for guar gum is expected to rise. With its environmentally friendly nature and diverse applications, guar gum is well-positioned to maintain its significance in various sectors. Moreover, ongoing research and development efforts aimed at enhancing the properties and applications of guar gum are likely to unlock new opportunities for its utilization in emerging industries.

In conclusion, guar gum stands as a testament to the invaluable contributions of natural products to modern industries. Its role as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and viscosifier underscores its importance in the production of a wide array of goods. The efforts of exporters and manufacturers in producing and supplying high-quality guar gum are instrumental in meeting the growing global demand for this remarkable substance. As we look to the future, guar gum is poised to remain an integral part of numerous industries, shaping the quality and functionality of diverse products around the world.

Conclusion

From thickening your favorite desserts to stabilizing new-fangled cosmetic creams, guar gum is an ingredient of remarkable versatility. It demonstrates the profound interconnectivity of agriculture and industry. However, like any other ingredient, moderation and mindful consumption are key to avoiding its potential downsides.

In our increasingly health-conscious society, understanding ingredients like guar gum is imperative. It's a testament to human ingenuity's capacity to find such profound value in a humble bean. Whether you're a food scientist, a farmer, or simply a curious consumer, guar gum is a substance worth knowing about.

#guar gum #guar gum powder #guar gum supplier #guar gum manufacturer

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