#Piraha

[drlinguo]

Source

#linguistics #linguisthumor #lingblr #linguist humor #piraha #syntax #dirtysyntax #linguistics memes

[memoriae-lectoris]

Suffixes denote how much evidence the speaker has to support what she is saying. Linguists calls these sorts of suffixes evidentials, and they are a highly productive way of speaking. A Pirahãn evidential, of which there are three, can convey information for which an entire English sentence might be needed. Let’s consider how the Pirahã express “Your boat has a hole in it.” The first type of suffix denotes hearsay: "I know it because I was told it.” The second indicates observation: “I can see fish swimming in it.” And the third, deduction: “I can see your boat sinking, so it must have a hole in it.”

#book: don't sleep there are snakes #piraha #linguistics

[sheltiechicago]

Women and children from the Pirahã community, standing next to their camp on the banks of the Maici River, watch drivers passing by on the Trans-Amazonian highway hoping to be given snacks or soft drinks, Humaitá, Amazon, Brazil, on 21 September 2016

Amazonian Dystopia by Lalo de Almeida (Brazil), for Folha de São Paulo/Panos Pictures

World Press Photo Long-Term Project Award

2022 WORLD PRESS PHOTO CONTEST

Members of the Munduruku community line up to board a plane at Altamira Airport, in Pará, Brazil, on 14 June 2013. After protesting at the site of the construction of the Belo Monte Dam on the Xingu River, they traveled to the national capital Brasilia to present their demands to the government. The Munduruku community inhabit the banks of another tributary of the Amazon, the Tapajos River, several hundred kilometres away, where the government has plans to build further hydroelectric projects. Despite pressure from indigenous people, environmentalists and non-governmental organisations, the Belo Monte project was built and completed in 2019

A boy rests on a dead tree trunk in the Xingu River in Paratizão, a community located near the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam, Pará, Brazil, on 28 August 2018. He is surrounded by patches of dead trees, formed after the flooding of the reservoir

Massive deforestation is evident in Apuí, a municipality along the Trans-Amazonian Highway, southern Amazon, Brazil, on 24 August 2020. Apuí is one of the region’s most deforested municipalities

An aerial view of the construction of the Belo Monte Dam on the Xingu River, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, on 3 September 2013. More than 80% of the river’s water has been diverted from its natural course to build the hydroelectric project. The drastic reduction in water flow has an adverse impact both on the environment and on the livelihoods of traditional communities living downstream of the dam

#lalo de almeida #photographer #brazil #folha de sao paulo #panos pictures #culture #black & white photography #world press photo long-term project award #2022 world press photo contest #amazon #piraha community #indegenous people #maici river #hamuaita #munduruku community #xingu river #paratizao #apui #belo monte dam

[tanglepelt]

Run ghost run

second chapter

I had a thought. Danny hiding in Gotham to keep the infinite realm from starting a war. It plague my mind. So now I’m writing it.

A single warning was all humanity had.

The infinite realms would no longer allow the attacks on their people. They assured him that no matter the outcome he would be safe. All ecto beings and ecto contaminated were to be evacuated prior to the attack. As he and his friends were mostly or half human they would be sent elsewhere in time or perhaps a different universe if the need arises

Sam, Tucker and Jazz all knew what their afterlife held. Everyone else was up in the air.

He pleaded not to attack earth and argued that not everyone their deserved a war. He knew they couldn’t destroy the planet to preserve their own dimension as too many natural portals occurred. But the entire human race could be eradicated without impact to this dimension. They did agree to listen to his reasoning but only as upon his death he will be declared king. He had no power to control the realm or make orders until his coronation. The realm would remain under the councils guidance until he was a mature ghost.

They treated him like a child. According to them he was one. He had been half ghost for less than a year. He had only realized his rouges constantly attacking him was part of the culture when Pandora informed him. Them attacking him was to ensure he was well taught and ready for the realm. To them it was play fighting.

When he sealed away Piraha Dark it made them even worse. They wanted to fight him even more. He needed to be a better fighter and there was no better way to learn. They just wanted an excuse to fight him more like it. With the exception of skulker who was just hunting him to be a jerk. He didn’t have the luxury others did entering the realm, he would have to learn the culture not form with the knowledge.

Just as they demanded more fights with him they were over protective as well. One time when his parents were trigger happy in one of their hunts for him, Lunch Lady had used her meat to shield him from the blast. Technus had attacked Fenton works disarming the anti-ghost security system for a week. His parents had to figure out how to ecto proof technology it was funny to watch. While they were still attacking him and getting souped. They would protect him. His parent got so much worse. All ecto beings were scum. They were more determined to get there hands on a ghost. Time and time again saying they would tear them up molecule by molecule.

Clockwork was the only one who stood with Danny saying that one warning should be given. No more no less. The council immediately agreed with the master of time. With that the meeting adjourned and Clockwork gave him a message that when running he should follow the birds and bats as they would help. Clockwork then vanished like the cryptid he was.

When it came time to deliver the warning any hope Danny had of it working was lost. They weren't going to any higher power, not the president or governor not even the press. They would only hand the warning over directly to the GIW. They followed the ant-ecto acts, enforced the policies, it was their fault. They attacked and experimented on the citizens of the realm. It was up to them to rectify their offense.

How could Danny explain to them that the government agency would never turn it over? It wasn’t the norm for the realms, the warning or notice of attack was always given to the opponent. No reason to tell the press or government. They had no issues with the other humans but just the one group . If that group wanted to doom human life it was on them.

Danny managed to con his way into being there when the warning was handed over. He claimed it would be a good learning experience. He had a plan, and it was brilliant when the GIW threw it away he would grab it and hand it over to the news. The public was always antiwar. At least the records in the library said so. He assumed they still were Amity has been a closed off town. There wasn’t much from other cities or states.

Many residents have remained for generations, and no one really had social media. There was no point as everyone had their own cliques. Sam and Tucker had a few outside connections. Sam with activist and her ultra-recyclo-vegetarian group. Tucker was connected to a few tech geeks and video game friends. Personally, he only knew people from town.

He assumed a news source out of town would be the best deal. They shouldn’t have any problems with ghosts and these “supervillains”. An outside perspective could be just what they needed. There would be no bias against the infinite realms.

They were off to give away the warning a portal opening at the GIW in their base of operations. Frostbite summoned a wall of ice around them. The declaration was on a glowing green scroll. It announced the warning out loud, then proceeded to get brighter and brighter unit, it burst into flames and disappeared. There went his bright idea. As the scroll disappeared a glowing green circle expanded out until the light passed through them and continued on. The power it radiated was intense.

When the light passed through he was grabbed, and they went back to the ghost zone. It was certainly a learning experience. Learning the plan he made was no good. Politics were not his thing. He was dreading the days he would be expected to make decisions. He’d rather fight any day of the week. The citizens were definitely rubbing off on him.

At least Pandora and Frostbite agreed to try and keep everyone out of the human realm. They could not guarantee anything. Frostbite didn’t want to see the injuries a war would cause and the potential losses. Pandora simply said there were still people on earth she didn’t want to see suffer. Both knew they couldn’t stop a war, but they could delay it. If the anti-ecto acts were disbanded and those responsible punished no war would be necessary.

With a promise from the two to guard the portal he returned home. He planned to close the portal and erase his parents from the Fenton lock, it would only work for about a day. They would just reprogram it. 24 hours could change everything. He entered the lab via portal invisible. It was empty.

A ring of light

the door slamming open

Stomping down the stairs

He was face to face mid transformation in front of his dad

He really sucked at making plans.

Then it was all black

#dc x dp #danny fenton #danny phantom #dp x dc #giw #dc dp #dp dc crossover #eventually Batman will appear #the Fenton parents really aren’t good people in this #Jason may or may not be an ecto entity #writing wip #i passed English with a B- #so we will see how this goes #Danny is in for a fun time #Danny is ghost prince right now #a title with no power #i wrote this on my phone #i have so many ideas #This will be continued #run ghost run

[invaderhogtwopointohno]

Wind Breaker and Trauma

Hey, you should go watch Wind Breaker right the fuck now because I have not seen a slice-of-life anime that has done such a good job depicting what it is like to live and deal with ongoing trauma in such a beautiful way. Just for context:

Our main character naturally has two different eye colors and that is actually his natural hair. His parents constantly told him to dye his hair to make him look like a "normal person" and everyone he ever met judged him based solely on his hair and eye color. While this kind of look stands out in anime, the story actually does a great job of weaponizing his differences to make him a piraha.

Because he was a young impressionable boy, he started fighting because he didn't know how to deal with his ongoing and continuous verbal and emotional abuse from just about everyone he had ever met. Sakura spends his entire life literally just fighting everyone he meets and he values strength of a person above all else because he considers that the only trait worth noting in a person. This is deeply rooted in his inability to form any kind of positive human connections with everyone and he genuinely doesn't trust or bond with anyone he meets.

So he heads to an infamous high school that is known for its fighting and decides that he wants to be the top dog there because he can only value his own self-worth through the use of violence. But when he gets there, he finds out that the town is actually protected by the kids of the school- the leader of the school has turned the entire neighborhood around and the people love them, they are revered as heroes and protect the citizens. Without even knowing that, he ends up protecting a woman who is getting harassed by a group of guys and even gets stabbed defending her. When she shows that she is grateful and actually provides him with a meal- he is genuinely confused. He doesn't understand why she isn't shunning him like everyone he has ever known. And it turns out the entire town is like this, they think that he is a good kid and he helps out the neighborhood but he has such deep seeded trust issues that he is confused by actual kindess.

He even meets other kids that he keeps at arms length because he is so certain based off of the abuse that he has suffered his entire life applies to everyone he meets. Which is ironic and the show calls him out for this train of thought as being exactly the kind of thinking that the people who mistreated him had.

It so well done and his issues don't just go away overnight because he suddenly is shown kindness- he is still suffering from his trauma and has issues with trust and actually forming real genuine friendships with people, which I really like because the anime isn't pretending that his deep trauma is going to be magically cured because he forms a few relationships with people. The real story is about his fight to the be the best- but what does that mean exactly? What does he actually want? The show does a fantastic job of exploring that. Please watch it, it is so good

#wind breaker #anime #sakura #he's just a good boy who deserves love #furin #bofurin #neighborhood show

[artbreddo]

Giving random splatbands Surnames bc I can

Also most of these don't have any meaning behind them other than sounding cool but some do

Also if your wondering why nearly all of these are japanese is because in the games most of the surnames can be written in japanese/are japanese soo yeah

CHIRPY CHIPS/ABXY

Shikaku Kani

Noiji waisuheta

Paruko Socoro

Raian Spaji

WET FLOOR

(These may be incorrect)

Kagi Tsuroao

Ryan hypiko

Mizole Lumiwase

Kazami sumame

Tsumabushi Unagisuna

DISS-PAIR

Warabi Maruchi

Ikkan noriko

HIGHTIDE ERA

Kuze sumehara

Taka piraha

Nishida Ancho

SQUID SQUAD

Namida Noppera

Ichiya Tairiao

Ikkan noriko

Murasaki uni

INK THEORY

(These are their localized names but I couldn't find non localized)

Maya Menashi

Oonie Tsukema

Yoko chikara

Karen omugai

Zuzu Ritsu

Kitamura Chisana

BOTTOM FEEDERS

(the first names may by incorrect)

Burou pufucho

Murutaa Chishika

Fin Petechi

Fuka Musha

SASHIMORI

(these are their localized names bc I couldn't find their non localized ones)

Karla Akaaokazan

Ryu chang Liyu

Paul Kenshimu

Ronnie Urokosho

H2WHOA

(couldn't find their non localized names sorry!)

Lionel Sumasu

Cory Takaba

C-SIDE

(couldn't find Walter's Japanese name)

Walter Yamarashi

Beika itazurayo

Kikura Osoipanku

YOKO & THE GOLD BAZOOKAS

(Can't find the rest of the un localized names soz:(

Tao blu Aoi

Yoko chikara

Tosh Shenhai

Martin D'luxe

Jessica geheimn

Oonie Tsukema

Kitamura Chisana

Soo yeah I think that's all the bands... also if you want to use these feel free to use them! No credit needed!

#splatoon #splatoon 2 #splatoon 3 #splatbands #chirpy chips #Chirpy chips splatoon #abxy #splatoon abxy #Splatoom wet floor #wet floor splatoon #diss pair splatoon #diss pair #hightide era #squid squad #ink theory #bottom feeders #sashimori #h2whoa #c side #c side splatoon #yoko and the gold bazookas #Holy this took a long time

[languagefeatures]

Recently I recalled reading that there was a language where women use a different phonemic inventory than men, and I finally found the part. It is from Daniel Everett's Language the Cultural Tool, which does not provide a scholarly source, although since it presumably comes from his own experiences with the Piraha, I suppose he felt that was pointless window dressing in a book for a non-scholarly audience. Anyway, here is the excerpt in question, from a broader discussion about iconic vs. symbolic traits of language.

The Pirahãs have produced an extraordinary set of iconic speech features in order to distinguish the speech of women from the speech of men. There are eight consonants and three vowels in the speech of Pirahã men: the consonants are p, t, k, x (glottal stop), s h, b, and g and the vowels are i, a, and u. Pirahã women use the same vowels as men, but, with a couple of exceptions, use only the consonants p, t, k, x, h, b and g. Women do not usually use the 's' sound, so, where men use 's', most Pirahã women use 'h,' although where men use 'h,' Pirahã women also use 'h.' This smaller consonant inventory is not all that distinguishes men's v. women's speech in Pirahã, however. Pirahã women have a different 'phonetic posture' in their pronunciation. They sound more guttural than the men. They produce this effect by first slightly constricting the walls of their pharynx - the section of the throat just above the larynx - and then by articulating their consonants slightly farther back in their throats and mouths than men do. The net effect of this guttural sound production is that women choose to use a smaller anatomical space for talking than men do and they choose to have a smaller set of sounds. The women's smaller set of speech sounds and their smaller vocal space could be taken as iconic of their smaller physical stature. Everett, Daniel L.; Language the Cultural Tool p. 122

#linguistics

[vriskakinnieaynrand]

kill landlords. punch landlords. spitroast landlords. place landlords on the end of rotary drills and drill them into the earth. feed landlords to pirahas. report landlords to the ira. abort landlord babies. eviscerate landlords. turn landlords into koalas and then starve them to death. beat landlords. kick landlords. pozz landlords. vaxx landlords. send landlords to the brig. groom landlord children. impale landlord genitalia on rusty nails. indict landlords. scream at landlords. call landlords poseurs. sexually harrass landlords. ban landlords from dungeons & dragons for being racist. execute landlords by firing squad. use landlords as human toilets. teach landlords to speak piranha. beak landlords. sprain landlords' ankles. steal landlords' lands. report landlords to the mss. degrade landlords as worthless textual sources. turn landlords straight. manipulate landlords into becoming terrorists and then entrap them. feed landlords to the rancor. send landlords on a deathmarch. send landlords on a deathapril. poison landlords' water. make landlords listen to justin bieber. convert landlords to fundamentalist mormonism. set landlords on fire. give landlords free tickets to structurally unsound roller coasters. make landlords rim pedophiles. sell landlords' souls to satan. drown landlords. imprison landlords like count ugolino. slap landlords. quarter landlords with horses. beat landlords at chess. get landlords kicked out of casinos. flay landlords. drone bomb landlords. bite landlords' flesh off. generally be mean to landlords until they repent.

heil katzen.

would be a lot easier to deal w mice if we cd have cats!

[senzacaponecoda]

Phonology: Places of Articulation

Last Post:

Okay! So

I want to apologize because I forgot to mention that I'd have to make the decision that phonology would be spoken. I just don't have any experience with a sign language (or languages in other media).

With that said...

Starting with Phonology won with 43%

Skip to the bottom if you just want to vote.

---

I typed out like three books on OT theory and explained the prosodic hierarchy. I think I'll spare the excruciating details because it's less digestable to frontload everything.

But suffice it to say, because of the nested nature of language, high order decisions about how you group things can affect how the individual pieces come into contact. It's kind of like atoms - the configuration of their electrons determines their chemical properties. Likewise, the converse is true; the chemical properties are determined by the configuration of electrons.

I kind of wanted to start from the top, because I thought that more accurately decided the sound of the language early. But it requires kind of knowing everything beneath it, in the same kind of way deciding to want water implies hydrogen and oxygen, while deciding to want hydrogen and oxygen could imply water, hydrogen peroxide, or so on.

I'll explain features, look at natlangs, sketch out a generalization of place, and ask the first question.

--- Information and Features

If we start with empty set, we can't really make much with it. The powerset, which is the set of all subsets or combinations of elements of something, of the empty set is just the empty set. It's not until we add a bit of information to that we start to get more information: the power set of {a} is {{}, {a}}. The powerset of {a,b} is {{}, {a}, {b}, {a,b}}. The powerset of {a,b,c} is {{},{a},{b},{a,b}{c},{a,c},{b,c},{a,b,c}}. Etc. Notice how fast the size of that grows: size 0 gives a power set size 1, 1 2, 2 4, 3 8.

Language use obeys something called Zipf's distribution. Basically, word use correlates inversely to how much information it encodes. This is probably straightforward; you use the word "is" a lot, but the more and rarer words you string together in a sentence makes it more likely you've made a unique utterance. So a little goes a long way.

For what it's worth, I've seen it estimated that most languages use around 8,000 to 20,000 unique words with reasonable frequency (perhaps, the vocabulary size of a fluent speaker of a language), with about 2000 words in daily conversation, expressable in about 500 to 800 unique roots (which generally correspond to unique feet minus one nucleus' worth of information) which in turn reflects inventory sizes around 20 consonants and 5 vowels large (note how 20 cons × 5 vowels × 20 consonants is ~= 2000 daily use words) . Obviously, some languages don't conform to these generalizations. And the generalizations could be wrong themselves but that seems to fit what seems to be about average from the studies I've read.

The unit of information in phonology is probably the feature. But features are like quarks in physics; they're confined to only appear in small bundles called segments. And sometimes features are incompatible, or neutralized together, creating inventories that aren't just x * y. Still, incompatibilities and neutralizations both *remove* possibilities from our total set, so our inventories are going to only be subsets of our big x * y early choice.

Vowels and consonants for some reason have different x * y s, and while not always the case, tend to inversely correlate in inventory sizes. So we'll arbitrarily decide to start with the consonants.

-- Some Minimalistic Natlangs

We're doing something naturalistic, so we should look at the Places and Manners of Articulation for the smallest languages.

Hawaiian has Labials, Linguals, and Glottals by Sonorants, Nasals, and Obstruents with an extra consonant at obstruent x glottal.

Piraha has just three kinds of obstruent with labial, lingual, and glottal places; likely also a single velar obstruent.

Central Rotokas has Labials, Coronals, and Dorsals, by a voicing distinction.

Obokuitai has just stops contrasting with fricatives at labial, coronal, and dorsal places, with an extra voiced coronal stop.

It seems that it's minimal to have 3 POAs and 2 MOAs.

Let's just start with place.

--- Generalizing about Place

Broadly place can be generalized into

labials, which don't tend to get submarked or split into subclasses

Coronals which can split into secondary manner distinctions based on flexing the front of the tongue and place distinctions

*** (roughly, front (dental, alveolar) and

*** back (postalveolar, palatalveolar, retroflex))

dorsals (palatals, velars, uvulars, glottals), which tend to split mostly on place (roughly

***front,

***mid, and

***back).

Exotic places (epiglottals, pharyngeals) do exist as well, but they often conspicuously fit into a hole in the chart in one of the other series. So they probably encode the same information phonologically, even if they're different phonemically. We can make the finer distinctions later.

---

#poll conlang

[madcatdaderpydrawer-blog]

I feel like I should point out that as silly and generally funny the crazy twins are, they have the highest kills out of any other au. Normally with only one brother infected only about nine children go missing, but with both brothers infected that doubles. They assisted in the murder of over twenty children under their care EASILY, and continued to help cover up future deaths. Normally when only one is infected there is at least SOMEONE not under the viruses influence to keep the kids safe. When moon is infected, sun keeps the lights off and cancels nap time to keep the kids safe. When sun is infected, moon takes over playtime to avoid anymore casualties. But when both are infected, there’s nothing you CAN do. The only people who work at the daycare are the daycare attendants, so with the only two supervisors tampered with the kids had no one to protect them.

Whether or not this justifies how they are handled by the fellow animatronics (I.e. the more violent route of the hostage situation to get them not infected) is up to you, but it does explain why they thought such measures were needed. It’s also the reason there is way more staff present in the daycare post infection, and even if the brothers don’t like it they understand why. Though it makes them both insanely uncomfortable as they are aware that the staff are there for the sole reason of watching everything they do. Whenever they talk to each other quietly the staff get all antsy so they stopped doing that and only talk to each other through the headspace unless it’s something they want the kids to hear to.‘it’s REALLY uncomfortable though, and they know they are on thin ice even if it’s never said. After how many kids they killed, they’re lucky they weren’t scrapped- even if they did become a massive piraha. Everyone knew what they did, and so obviously things were really awkward for them no matter what route was taken to un infect them.

#fnaf moon #moondrop #daycare attendant #fnaf sun #sundrop #sunrise #fnaf security breach au #crazy twins au

[lowvinx]

EL PRESENTE PIRAHA

La tribu Pirahã son una pequeña comunidad de 300 personas que habita en la Amazonas brasileñas. Daniel Everett, profesor de fonología en Manchester los encontró cuando navegaba por el río Maici. Rápidamente le llamó la atención su forma de comunicarse cantando, silbando y tarareando. En su idioma no existen palabras para designar números, colores ni tiempos verbales.

Ludvwig Wittgeinstein pensaba que el lenguaje construye la realidad.

La tribu piranha al tener casi nulas palabras para referir al pasado o al futuro viven muy enfocados en su presente, en su realidad.

Daniel en una entrevista menciona "Nosotros tenemos muchos problemas psicológicos por algo que ocurrió en el pasado u ocurrirá en el futuro. Y como la cultura Pirahã no pone valor, gran valor, en el pasado ni el futuro, esas cosas no vienen a deprimirme, es muy raro. Nunca he visto un Pirahã que parezca deprimido. Y cuando les he hablado sobre suicidio, ese concepto no tiene sentido para ellos, no pueden creer que la gente se mate."

Si bien esto nos ayuda a reflexionar sobre la filosofía del lenguaje, también nos puede ayudar para reconstituir nuestra idea de lo importante: intentar dejar atrás el pasado porque ya no es y no preocuparnos tanto por el futuro porque no está ocurriendo; sino vivir en el presente, en esta la realidad que realmente es y que está ocurriendo.

#reflexión y opinión

[pofox76badurasgpl]

Whomever posted about Do Not Sleep, There Are Snakes# and made me awre of it deserves a billion strs. An incredible book Piraha# amazon# Maici river chronicles. Ngiyabonga

[ineffableoldsoul]

I crave for no timezone . No digits. No letters. Like the tribe of Pirahas.

I am the tribal , tangled in cliches, at times.

Mounts and hills move me but i still cry by the city light streets.

I want to walk miles, stay clueless of what is held at the exit .

But i still long for long train rides , daydreaming ,seated at the rusted window panes, wind blowing through my frizzy curls.

The ineffable.

[godswill972]

Piraha Language- Brazils Challenge to Modern Linguistics

#pirahã language

[choppedflapzipperhands]

Piraha Language- Brazils Challenge to Modern Linguistics

#pirahã language

[anaxerneas]

Daniel Everett, in an interview with Geoffrey Sampson (2009b: 215) is obviously deeply committed to cultural relativism: “The Piraha’s culturally constrained epistemology can only be evaluated in terms of the results that it gives the Pirahas relative to their own values. Since it serves them very well, there is no sense in the idea that it is inferior.” We might choose to avoid terms like “inferior” as vague and tendentious, but it is entirely valid to compare Piraha culture with that of other societies, and in this more general scheme of things it appears to be unusually primitive, and the fact that the Piraha themselves appear quite happy has nothing to do with the matter. (Remarkably, in his book (2008: 272) Everett also says that he no longer believes in truth, a strange position for one who has spent a great deal of time and effort trying to prove that Universal Grammar is false, or who wishes his work to be taken seriously at all.)

C.R. Hallpike, Ship of Fools

#christopher robert hallpike #truth #relativism #anthropology