Sanctus Stephanus ❤️ Szent István magyar király
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Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen (Hungarian: Szent István király, [ˌsænt ˈiʃtvaːn kiraːj]; Latin: Sanctus Stephanus; Slovak: Štefan I. or Štefan Veľký; c. 975 – 15 August 1038 AD), was the last Grand Prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the first King of Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until his death in 1038. The year of his birth is uncertain, but many details of his life suggest that he was born in or after 975 in Esztergom. At his birth, he was given the pagan name Vajk. The date of his baptism is unknown. He was the only son of Grand Prince Géza and his wife, Sarolt, who was descended from the prominent family of the gyulas. Although both of his parents were baptized, Stephen was the first member of his family to become a devout Christian. He married Gisela of Bavaria, a scion of the imperial Ottonian dynasty.
After succeeding his father in 997, Stephen had to fight for the throne against his relative, Koppány, who was supported by large numbers of pagan warriors. He defeated Koppány mainly with the assistance of foreign knights, including Vecelin, Hont and Pázmány, but also with help from native lords. He was crowned on 25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001 with a crown sent by Pope Sylvester II. In a series of wars against semi-independent tribes and chieftains—including the Black Hungarians and his uncle, Gyula the Younger—he unified the Carpathian Basin. He protected the independence of his kingdom by forcing the invading troops of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, to withdraw from Hungary in 1030.
Stephen established at least one archbishopric, six bishoprics and three Benedictine monasteries; thus the Church in Hungary developed independently of the archbishops of the Holy Roman Empire. He encouraged the spread of Christianity with severe punishments for ignoring Christian customs. His system of local administration was based on counties organized around fortresses and administered by royal officials. Hungary, which enjoyed a lasting period of peace during his reign, became a preferred route for pilgrims and merchants traveling between Western Europe and the Holy Land or Constantinople.
He survived all of his children. He died on 15 August 1038 and was buried in his new basilica, built in Székesfehérvár and dedicated to the Holy Virgin. His death caused civil wars which lasted for decades. He was canonized by Pope Gregory VII, together with his son, Emeric, and Bishop Gerard of Csanád, in 1083. Stephen is a popular saint in Hungary and the neighboring territories. In Hungary, his feast day (celebrated on 20 August) is also a public holiday commemorating the foundation of the state, known as State Foundation Day.
(wikipedia)
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Latin Names - Male: S
SABINUS: Roman Latin name meaning "Sabine; a follower of another religion."
SALOMON: Medieval Latin form of Greek Solomōn, meaning "peaceable." In use by the French.
SALVATOR: Late Latin name meaning "savior."
SANCTIUS: Late Latin name derived from the word sanctus, meaning "holy."
SANDALIUS: Latin form of Gothic Sandulf, meaning "true wolf."
SATURN: Roman name derived from Latin Saturnus, possibly meaning "to sow." In mythology, this is the name of a god of agriculture, after whom a planet in the solar system was named.
SATURNINUS: Roman name derived from Latin Saturnus, possibly meaning "to sow."
SATURNUS: Latin name derived from the word satus, meaning "to sow."
SAUL: Latin form of Greek Saoul/Saulos and Hebrew Shauwl, meaning "asked for, desired." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Kish, and the Jewish name of the apostle Paul.
SCÆVOLA: Roman name derived from the Latin word scævus, meaning "left-handed."
SEBASTIANUS: Latin form of Greek Sebastianos, meaning "from Sebaste," a town in Asia Minor.
SECUNDINUS: Roman family name derived from Latin Secundus, meaning "second."
SECUNDUS: Roman Latin name meaning "second."
SELEUCUS: Latin form of Greek Seleukos, possibly meaning "to be bright or white." This was the name one of Alexander the Great's generals. His surname was Nicator, meaning "the conqueror."
SENECA: Roman name derived from the Latin word senectus, meaning "old."
SEPTIMUS: Roman Latin name meaning "seventh."
SERAPHINUS: Late Latin form of Hebrew Saraph, meaning "burning one" or "serpent." In the bible, this is the name of an order of six-winged angels mentioned in Isaiah 6:2.
SERGIUS: Roman Latin family name, possibly sharing the same etymology as "sergeant." Originally, a sergeant was a military servant whose duty it was to enforce judgments of a tribunal.
SERVIUS: Roman name derived from the Latin word servo, meaning "to preserve."
SEVERIANUS: Derived from Roman Latin Severus, meaning "stern."
SEVERINUS: Derived from Roman Latin Severus, meaning "stern."
SEVERUS: Roman name derived from the Latin word severus, meaning "stern."
SEXTILIUS: A derivative of Roman Latin Sextus, meaning "sixth."
SEXTUS: Roman name derived from Latin sextus, meaning "sixth."
SIDONIUS: Roman family name meaning "of Sidon."
SILENUS: Latin form of Greek Silenos, meaning "moving to-and-fro in the wine trough." In mythology, this was the name of one of the Ipotanes/Sileni, a race of beings having the ears, tail, and legs of a horse. They were followers of the wine god Dionysos and were said to have been ugly drunkards. Silenus was the oldest and wisest of the Ipotanes, possessing the knowledge and power of prophecy.
SILVANUS: Latin form of Greek Silouanos, meaning "from the forest." In Roman mythology, this is the name of a god of forests. In the bible, this is the name of a companion of Saint Paul.
SILVESTER: Latin name derived from the word silvester, from silva, meaning "forest, wood," hence "from the forest."
SILVIUS: Roman name derived from Latin silva, meaning "forest, wood," hence "from the forest."
SISERA: Latin form of Hebrew Ciycera, meaning "field of battle." In the bible, this is the name of a Canaanite general and enemy of the Israelites.
SOCRATES: Latin form of Greek Sokrates, meaning "whole power."
SOPHOCLES: Latin form of Greek Sophokles, meaning "skilled-glory."
SOPHRONIUS: Latin form of Greek Sophronios, meaning "self-controlled."
SOPHUS: Latin form of Greek Sophos, meaning "clever, skilled."
SOSTRATUS: Latin form of Greek Sostratos, meaning "safe army."
SPARTACUS: Latin form of Greek Spartakos, meaning "from Sparta." This is the name of a Greek slave who lead an uprising against the Roman Republic.
SPURIUS: Roman name meaning "of illegitimate birth."
STAMATIUS: Latin form of Greek Stamatios, meaning "stop."
STANISLAS: Latin form of Slavic Stanislav, meaning "glorious government." Compare with another form of Stanislas.
STANISLAUS: Latin form of Slavic Stanislav, meaning "glorious government."
STASIUS: Short form of Latin Anastasius, meaning "resurrection."
STEFANUS: Variant spelling of Latin Stephanus, meaning "crown." In use by the Dutch.
STEPHANUS: Latin form of Greek Stephanos, meaning "crown." In the bible, this is the name of one of the seven deacons of the church at Jerusalem who was stoned to death by the Jews.
STYLIANUS: Latin form of Greek Stylianos, meaning "pillar."
SUMMANUS: Roman myth name of a god of nocturnal lightning and thunder, meaning "nighttime."
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1038. augusztus 15-én hunyt el I. István, az utolsó magyar nagyfejedelem és az első magyar király
A keresztény magyar állam megteremtője, az egyik első magyar katolikus szent, a magyar és az európai történelem kiemelkedő alakja
1038. augusztus 15-én hunyt el I. István (születési nevén Vajk, gyakran Szent István ; latinul: Sanctus Stephanus) az utolsó magyar nagyfejedelem és az első magyar király. Géza nagyfejedelem és Sarolt fejedelemasszony fia. A keresztény magyar állam megteremtője, az egyik első magyar katolikus szent, a magyar és az európai történelem kiemelkedő alakja.
969 és 980 között született, keresztelésére 985 és 989 között kerülhetett sor. Liudolf Gizellát, II. Henrik bajor herceg leányát 995 körül vette feleségül. Már apja, Géza 997-es halálától magyar fejedelem, majd 1001. január 1-én (az akkor érvényes Julián naptár alapján 1000 karácsonyán) történt megkoronázása által „Isten kegyelméből” Magyarország királya. A magyarok országát, a magyar törzsek szövetségéből kialakult fejedelemséget egységes keresztény állammá szervezte át. Ez az államalakulat 1028-tól az egész Kárpát-medencére kiterjedt és államformájában a 20. századig nem történt változás. Az általa meghirdetett új politikai irányvonalnak ellenszegülő magyar törzseket fegyverrel és békés úton egyaránt hódoltatta, az ellene irányuló lázadásokat leverte.
Az ezeréves magyar törvénytár az általa alkotott törvényekkel kezdődik. Az államszervezet kiépítésével párhuzamosan megszervezte a magyar keresztény egyházat, ezért ő és utódai viselhették az apostoli király címet. Magyarországon minden év augusztus 20-a, 1083-as székesfehérvári szentté avatásának évfordulója 1771 óta – kisebb-nagyobb megszakításokkal – nemzeti ünnep. Külföldön, mivel halála napján Nagyboldogasszony napja van, az azt követő napon, augusztus 16-án ünneplik. Mumifikálódott jobb keze, a Szent Jobb jelentős magyar nemzeti és katolikus ereklye.
Legalább egy érsekséget, hat püspökséget és három bencés monostort alapított, így a magyar egyház a Szent Római Birodalomtól függetlenül működhetett. A kereszténység terjedését szigorú büntetésekkel kényszerítette ki. A közigazgatást a várak köré szervezte és kialakította a vármegyerendszert. Miután sikerült békét teremtenie, az ország a zarándokok és a kereskedők kedvelt útvonalává vált.
Mindkét gyerekét túlélte. 1038. augusztus 15-én halt meg. Székesfehérvárott temették el, az általa építtetett bazilikában, melynek védőszentje Szűz Mária. Halála után belháború dúlta az országot. I. László király kezdeményezésére VII. Gergely pápa kanonizálta 1083-ban fiatalabbik fiával, Imre herceggel és Gellért püspökkel együtt. Az egyik legnépszerűbb szent a Kárpát-medencében.
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Nyitókép: cultura.hu
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