The Rise and Reign of the Mammals - Steve Brusatte
Read: Feb 2024
Brusatte has previously wrote a book in this same vein about dinosaurs. Which is where I first encountered his writing. I liked the dinosaur one, so when I saw this new one about mammals, I immediately bought it. I like paleomammaology, in that I like learning about all the funky dudes that came before us. I do not like studying mammal teeth, which comprises a large part of the field of study. Brusatte goes over the teeth thing in this book, which is fine and necessary, but it did give me flashbacks to my uni course about it.
The book gives a long picture from the very first mammal ancestors till now. I learned a lot from it, even though I've studied paleontology. There's always more to learn. Which is a joy for me.
Title: The Rise and Reign of the Mammals: A New History: From the Shadow of the Dinosaurs to Us
Author: Steve Brusatte
Genre/s: nonfiction, paleontology
Content/Trigger Warning/s: none
Summary (from publisher's website): We humans are the inheritors of a dynasty that has reigned over the planet for nearly 66 million years, through fiery cataclysm and ice ages: the mammals. Our lineage includes saber-toothed tigers, woolly mammoths, armadillos the size of a car, cave bears three times the weight of a grizzly, clever scurriers that outlasted Tyrannosaurus rex, and even other types of humans, like Neanderthals. Indeed humankind and many of the beloved fellow mammals we share the planet with today—lions, whales, dogs—represent only the few survivors of a sprawling and astonishing family tree that has been pruned by time and mass extinctions. How did we get here?
In his acclaimed bestseller The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs—hailed as “the ultimate dinosaur biography” by Scientific American—American paleontologist Steve Brusatte enchanted readers with his definitive history of the dinosaurs. Now, picking up the narrative in the ashes of the extinction event that doomed T-rex and its kind, Brusatte explores the remarkable story of the family of animals that inherited the Earth—mammals— and brilliantly reveals that their story is every bit as fascinating and complex as that of the dinosaurs.
Beginning with the earliest days of our lineage some 325 million years ago, Brusatte charts how mammals survived the asteroid that claimed the dinosaurs and made the world their own, becoming the astonishingly diverse range of animals that dominate today’s Earth. Brusatte also brings alive the lost worlds mammals inhabited through time, from ice ages to volcanic catastrophes. Entwined in this story is the detective work he and other scientists have done to piece together our understanding using fossil clues and cutting-edge technology.
A sterling example of scientific storytelling by one of our finest young researchers, The Rise and Reign of the Mammals illustrates how this incredible history laid the foundation for today’s world, for us, and our future.
Buy Here: https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-rise-and-reign-of-the-mammals-a-new-history-from-the-shadow-of-the-dinosaurs-to-us-steve-brusatte/18064544
Spoiler-Free Review: This is a nice parallel to Brusatte's first book, Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs. I like how they followed almost similar narrative arcs, while also having similar tones of voice and writing style. I don’t think I’ve ever picked up nonfiction books by the same author that felt so naturally connected as these two do, and it was kind of pleasant to get to experience that here. The same enthusiasm that Brusatte brought to his first book, along with the same respect for his predecessors, colleagues, and students in the field. Those two aspects are the best part of this book - along, of course, with the scientific rigor that Brusatte brings to the table while simultaneously making everything remarkably readable for the layperson.
I will say though, that despite this feeling like a natural sequel to Rise and Fall, it doesn't have the same tone. Rise and Fall talks about dinosaurs and how they aren’t really dead: they’ve just evolved into birds, and so in a way, dinosaurs are still with us. This is a fantastic and wondrous line of thought, because isn’t it incredible to think that dinosaurs - which most people think of as long-dead animals (and most of them are) - to still be here with us, and moreover, to be creatures we encounter everyday, and even eat?
This book, however, doesn't have that same triumphal feel-- Actually, that's incorrect; it DOES have that feeling, especially during the first three-fourths of it, but as it progresses it becomes less triumphant and more solemn. Mammals were able to overcome the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs, and they were able to survive the many climate change disasters that came after - but can they survive the current human-made climate crisis? Can we, for that matter? The title Rise and Reign of the Mammals is definitely apt, because mammals did manage to rise and reign over the Earth - us humans in particular. But every rise comes with a fall: just look at the dinosaurs.
This book does a good job of reminding the reader just what’s going to cause that fall, and how it might look like based on previously-explained extinction events. It's not all gloom-and-doom, of course: Brusatte is quick to remind the reader that, unlike previous climate change-caused extinction events, humans are actually in a position to do something about the current one, not least because we're the ones responsible for it. But even if we do manage that change, there is no denying that we've destroyed many species on the way to accomplishing it, and many more will probably die off along the way before this climate change crisis is finally manageable. As I said, a rather somber ending, but an important one.
Rating: five platypus eggs
We humans now wear the crown that once belonged to the dinosaurs. We are confident of our place in nature, even as our actions are rapidly changing the planet around us. It leaves me uneasy, and one thought lingers in my mind as I walk through the harsh New Mexican desert, seeing the bones of dinosaurs give way so suddenly to fossils of Torrejonia and other mammals.
If it could happen to dinosaurs, could it also happen to us?
Steve Brusatte, The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs
Steve Brusatte describing just about any extinct animal: ‘Terrible. Monstrous. Horrifying. A real brute. Hideous.’
Me: ‘Come on, Steve, that’s no way to talk about such a beautiful creature. It’s an animal, not a monster, even if it’s large or eats meat or would have been dange-‘
Steve Brusatte: ‘A nightmare come to life. Horrible. Thankfully it went extinct.’
Hey so the Dinosaur Autism has reawakened and I really really want to learn properly about dinosaurs. Is there a good book that's like an intro to the field? (I'm thinking of Stuff Matters, which is a really good intro to my field of materials science. It explains really important concepts in layman's terms, and covers simple things like concrete as well as cool novel materials like aerogel. I think every field should have a Stuff Matters.)
I don't want to just google "how to learn about dinosaurs" or whatever because that will be very overwhelming, so I thought I'd ask for some good starting points
I will always give a strong recommendation to Dinosaurs: How They Lived and Evolved by Darren Naish and Paul Barrett! It's the most up to date and comprehensive popular science book about dinosaurs out there right now, and the writing level is pitched towards the scientifically-interested layperson. It also has a lot of beautiful art by a variety of palaeoartists that portray modern thoughts on dinosaur appearance! There's the original 2016 edition and a revised and updated 2018 second edition, both of which give an excellent overview of dinosaur science although obviously the 2018 edition is a bit more up to date!
Another one is The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs by Steve Brusatte. I haven't personally read this one, but I have read his subsequent book The Rise and Reign of the Mammals and I was very pleased with the way he introduces scientific concepts the reader may not be familiar with. He provides a great deal of information about the animals themselves, but also talks a lot about the practical science of palaeontology in the field and the lab, which is honestly something that deserves more coverage! So based on my knowledge of his other work and positive reviews I've seen for his dinosaurs volume, I think this one is also well worth a read!
If anyone else has any good recommendations feel free to drop em in the notes!
@lifblogs asked me a few days ago if I was gonna share the list of books I read this year. So, I'm gonna do that.
Due to character limits, I had to separate the numbered lists, so first list goes up to 100 and then the second list is the rest.
Couple of notes, my list includes the date I finished reading and a couple of marks.
Their meanings:
Started in 2022: *
This book is a reread: **
Did not write down the date but probably the date: *? (Basically I decided after I had started to include the date finished.)
Special notation for Dracula and Dracula Daily: **!
Bold denotes favorites.
Eight Kinky Nights: An f/f Chanukah romance by Xan West* – Jan 1*?
Through the Moon: A Graphic Novel (The Dragon Prince Graphic Novel #1) by Peter Wartman – Jan 4
Maphead: Charting the Wide, Weird World of Geography Wonks by Ken Jennings – Jan 7
The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs: A New History of a Lost World by Steve Brusatte – Jan 12
A Brother’s Price by Wen Spencer** - Jan 13
Gossie and Gertie by Olivier Dunrea – Jan 17
A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters by Andrew H. Knoll – Jan 18
Kindred by Octavia E. Butler – Jan 22
Flying Dinosaurs: How Fearsome Reptiles Became Birds by John Pickrell – Jan 25
Promised Land: a Revolutionary Romance by Rose Lerner – Jan 26
Bad Girls Never Say Die by Jennifer Mathieu – Jan 27
How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States by Daniel Immerwahr – Feb 2
Artemis by Andy Weir – Feb 4
Hunting Game by Helene Tursten – Feb 7
How the Earth Turned Green: A Brief 3.8-Billion-Year History of Plants by Joseph E. Armstrong – Feb 14
Fortuna by Kristyn Merbeth – Feb 16
After Hours on Milagro Street by Angelina M. Lopez – Feb 22
Dash & Lily's Book of Dares by Rachel Cohn and David Levithan – Feb 22
Super Volcanoes: What They Reveal about Earth and the Worlds Beyond by Robin George Andrews – Feb 28
Memoria by Kristyn Merbeth – Feb 28
American Revolution: A History From Beginning to End by Hourly History – Mar 5
Discordia by Kristyn Merbeth – Mar 6
A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley – Mar 17
Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded by Simon Winchester – Mar 18
The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth's Past Mass Extinctions by Peter Brannen – Mar 18
Big Chicas Don't Cry by Annette Chavez Macias – Mar 19
Innumerable Insects: The Story of the Most Diverse and Myriad Animals on Earth by Michael S. Engel – Mar 21
The Cause: The American Revolution and its Discontents, 1773-1783 by Joseph J. Ellis – Mar 24
Eragon by Christopher Paolini – Mar 25
Immune: A Journey into the Mysterious System That Keeps You Alive by Philipp Dettmer – Mar 25
Locked in Time by Lois Duncan** – Mar 26
Written in the Stars by Alexandria Bellefleur – Mar 28
The Mystery of Mrs. Christie by Marie Benedict – April 4
Midnight in Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World's Greatest Nuclear Disaster by Adam Higginbotham – April 7
Bisexually Stuffed By Our Living Christmas Stocking by Chuck Tingle – April 8
Bloodmoon Huntress: A Graphic Novel (The Dragon Prince Graphic Novel #2) by Nicole Andelfinger – April 9
The Marriage Portrait by Maggie O'Farrell – April 11
The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton – April 13
The Return of Martin Guerre by Natalie Zemon Davis – April 17
What Happened to Ruthy Ramirez by Claire Jimenez – April 19
Cinder by Marissa Meyer – April 20
The Body: A Guide for Occupants by Bill Bryson – April 20
Eldest by Christopher Paolini – April 22
The Twelve Days of Dash & Lily by Rachel Cohn and David Levithan – April 23
The Sentient Lesbian Em Dash — My Favorite Punctuation Mark — Gets Me Off by Chuck Tingle – April 24
The Pleistocene Era: The History of the Ice Age and the Dawn of Modern Humans by Charles River Editors – April 26
The Mysterious Affair at Styles by Agatha Christie – April 27
Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void by Mary Roach – April 29
Absolution by Murder by Peter Tremayne – May 3
Matrix by Lauren Groff – May 6
The Color Purple by Alice Walker – May 7
The Murder of Roger Ackroyd by Agatha Christie – May 9
Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret by Judy Blume – May 11
The Dragon Prince Book One: Moon by Aaron Ehasz and Melanie McGanney Ehasz – May 13
Mind the Gap, Dash & Lily by Rachel Cohn and David Levithan – May 15
Out of Darkness by Ashley Hope Pérez – May 15
Atlas of Unusual Borders: Discover Intriguing Boundaries, Territories and Geographical Curiosities by Zoran Nikolic – May 20
How the Mountains Grew: A New Geological History of North America by John Dvorak – May 20
The Guncle by Steven Rowley – May 21
Brisingr by Christopher Paolini – May 24
Reflection: A Twisted Tale by Elizabeth Lim – May 26
Sailor's Delight by Rose Lerner – May 26
The Last Days of the Dinosaurs: An Asteroid, Extinction, and the Beginning of Our World by Riley Black – May 28
Humans are Weird: I Have the Data by Betty Adams – June 3
Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro – June 4
Scarlet by Marissa Meyer – June 8
Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death by Kurt Vonnegut – June 9
A Tip for the Hangman by Allison Epstein – June 11
Cress by Marissa Meyer – June 20
Iron Widow by Xiran Jay Zhao – June 22
The Rise and Reign of the Mammals: A New History, from the Shadow of the Dinosaurs to Us by Steve Brusatte – June 24
After the Hurricane by Leah Franqui – June 24
Inheritance by Christopher Paolini – June 25
Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel García Márquez – June 26
Dark Room Etiquette by Robin Roe – June 30
The End of Everything (Astrophysically Speaking) by Katie Mack – July 4
Pests: How Humans Create Animal Villains by Bethany Brookshire – July 5
Mistress of the Art of Death by Ariana Franklin – July 7
Cosmos by Carl Sagan – July 10
1984 by George Orwell** -- July 11
What Once Was Mine: A Twisted Tale by Liz Braswell – July 17
Evolution Gone Wrong: The Curious Reasons Why Our Bodies Work (Or Don't) by Alex Bezzerides – July 20
The Planet Factory: Exoplanets and the Search for a Second Earth Hardcover by Elizabeth Tasker – July 21
Witches by Brenda Lozano – July 24
Son of a Sailor: A Cozy Pirate Tale by Marshall J. Moore – July 29
Winter by Marissa Meyer – July 29
As Old As Time: A Twisted Tale by Liz Braswell – July 30
Baking Yesteryear: The Best Recipes from the 1900s to the 1980s by B. Dylan Hollis – August 4
Half Bad by Sally Green – August 7
The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time by John Kelly – August 14
Firekeeper's Daughter by Angeline Boulley – August 18
Gory Details: Adventures From the Dark Side of Science by Erika Engelhaupt – August 22
The Last Karankawas by Kimberly Garza – August 25
The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America's Shining Women by Kate Moore – Sept 5
Oceans of Kansas, Second Edition: A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea by Michael J. Everhart – Sept 7
Corpus Christi: The History of a Texas Seaport by Bill Walraven – Sept 9
Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury** – Sept 12
Mexican Gothic by Silvia Moreno-Garcia – Sept 18
The Last Cuentista by Donna Barba Higuera – Sept 20
The Grace Year by Kim Liggett – Sept 22
The Mammals of Texas by William B. Davis and David J. Schmidly – Sept 29
The Romance Recipe by Ruby Barrett – Oct 4
The 2024 Old Farmer’s Almanac edited by Janice Stillman – Oct 7
Half Wild by Sally Green – Oct 7
Death Comes to Pemberley by P.D. James – Oct 7
Verity by Colleen Hoover – Oct 10
Lady Chatterley's Lover by D.H. Lawrence – Oct 15
Archaeology: Unearthing the Mysteries of the Past by Kate Santon – Oct 16
100 Places to See After You Die: A Travel Guide to the Afterlife by Ken Jennings – Oct 22
The Body in the Library by Agatha Christie – Oct 22
Summer of the Mariposas by Guadalupe García McCall – Oct 22
Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie – Oct 27
How Far the Light Reaches: A Life in Ten Sea Creatures by Sabrina Imbler – Oct 28
The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found by Mary Beard – Oct 29
Conflict Is Not Abuse: Overstating Harm, Community Responsibility, and the Duty of Repair by Sarah Schulman – Oct 31
The Great Texas Dragon Race by Kacy Ritter – Nov 6
Dracula by Bram Stoker**! – Nov 7/8
The Wives of Henry VIII by Antonia Fraser – Nov 9
Cascadia's Fault: The Coming Earthquake and Tsunami that Could Devastate North America by Jerry Thompson – Nov 10
The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison – Nov 11
Daisy Darker by Alice Feeney – Nov 13
Untamed by Glennon Doyle – Nov 14
Nimona by ND Stevenson – Nov 18
Dracula Daily by Matt Kirkland**! – Nov 20
A Mother Would Know by Amber Garza – Nov 24
Five Little Pigs by Agatha Christie – Nov 25
How To Train Your Dragon by Cressida Cowell** – Nov 27
Hickory Dickory Dock by Agatha Christie – Dec 1
Murtagh by Christopher Paolini – Dec 8
The Labours of Hercules by Agatha Christie – Dec 8
Icehenge by Kim Stanley Robinson – Dec 9
These Holiday Movies With Bizarrely Similar Smiling Heterosexual Couples Dressed In Green And Red On Their Cover Get Me Off Bisexually by Chuck Tingle – Dec 9
The Domesday Book: England's Heritage, Then & Now edited by Thomas Hindle – Dec 10
You Sound Like a White Girl: The Case for Rejecting Assimilation by Julissa Arce – Dec 13
Himawari House by Harmony Becker – Dec 13
Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck** – Dec 18
Born Into It: A Fan’s Life by Jay Baruchel – Dec 18
The Dragon Prince Book Two: Sky by Aaron Ehasz and Melanie McGanney Ehasz – Dec 23
Legends & Lattes by Travis Baldree – Dec 24
Half Lost by Sally Green – Dec 24
Understudies by Priya Sridhar – Dec 28
Project Hail Mary by Andy Weir – Dec 28
A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking – Dec 31
Quick question, what are some books that you have enjoyed?
ehehe maybe this answer will be super boring 2 u but i lovee scientific nonfiction .. esp if its to do w cell or cancer biology
^ siddhartha mukherjee is my fav at the moment . maybe forever idk .. “emperor of all maladies: a biography of cancer” or “the gene: an intimate history” are BOTH SOOO GOOD !!!SO INTERESTING & CAPTIVATINGG !! “the song of the cell” is also very enjoyable, but i think the first two definitely appealed to me more 🤔.by a small margin ,mind u
“the open heart club” by gabriel brownstein is a part memoir , part historical summation of the rise of cardiology / cardiac surgery . iirc i think this book is what convinced me that i only want to read nonfiction GAHAHA loved it from what i remember. “a good time to be born, how science & public health gave children a future” by perri klass 🤔?maybe
tryinf to think.. i fell out of reading for a while before i came across ohc so i dont have a lot that come to mind . ive been working to get back into it though.. currently listening to “the world according to phsyics” by jim al-khalili and “the universe” by andrew cohen and theyre great but im also on the search 4 something more .. something like history/development of x theory, event, or discipline ykwim.. i def want to read “the genome defense” by jorge contreras (smt smt med legal look into civil rights & human genetics law), “the rise and reign of mammals” steve brusatte , urhmmm, yah.
Torrejonia is one of the oldest primates, a fairly close cousin of ours. It is a stark reminder that we— you, me, all of us humans— had ancestors that were there on that terrible day, that saw the rock fall from the sky, that endured the heat and earthquakes and nuclear winter, that eked out passage across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, and then once on the other side, evolved into tree leapers like Torrejonia.
Steve Brusatte, The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs
101. The Rise and Reign of the Mammals by Steve Brusatte. This book covers mammalian evolution throughout synapsid history, starting in the Carboniferous and ending in the present day. There’s a lot of good information in here, both about the species themselves and the history of their discovery and discoverers. But I found the authorial voice consistently off-putting. Brusatte writes about evolution alternately like a war or a poker game, and there are constant references to dominating, beating or tricking other lineages, particularly dinosaurs. After crowing about how mammals survived and thrived in the Mesozoic by exploiting small body sizes and niches like eating seeds and insects, he dismisses all of bird evolution (which in the Cenozoic did the same thing) in a paragraph, and never talks about Cenozoic animals other than mammals at all. What’s weird is I don’t remember his previous book, The Rise and Fall of Dinosaurs, being so mercilessly jingoistic about its focus clade. Maybe the publisher told him to write more enthusiastically about a “less exciting” group; maybe it’s the zeal of the newly converted (Brusatte was primarily a dinosaur paleontologist until relatively recently); maybe the first book was this annoyingly written and I have forgotten.
102. The Accidental Ecosystem by Peter S. Alagona. This book is a short overview about how wild animals have moved into American cities, why American cities developed into places where animals can thrive, how humans are reacting to these and how we should in the future. The tone is generally optimistic but realistic—that cities can serve as oases of biodiversity during climate change and extinction events, but a world with only rats, crows and sparrows would be a depauperate one. Most of the book is organized around an incident of some charismatic megafauna making the news (like Pedals the bipedal bear of New Jersey, or a nesting pair of bald eagles blithely feeding their chicks fresh kitten), and then talking about that species in greater context. I’ve read several other books recently about human/animal interactions, and this one did the best job at being inclusive, talking about how parks can and have been used as agents of gentrification, the impact of economic decisions on the fate of cities and animals alike, and existing biases within ecology and evolutionary studies. Highly recommended.
103. Travels to the Otherworld and other Fantastic Realms, edited by Claude and Corinne Lecouteux, translated by Jon E. Graham. This is a collection of medieval European fantastic literature, although not all of it is necessarily fantasy in the modern sense. Some are religious visions, others historical fantasies, others excerpts from novels and folk tales. All of them are wild. Both as a look into the medieval mindset and for their various bizarre creatures and occurrences. Some highlights include multiple versions of the adventures of Alexander the Great, the Vision of Tundale, a German journey through Hell that’s much gnarlier than anything in Dante, and the adventures of Marcolf, the Sherlock Holmes to King Solomon’s Watson (!). Also highly recommended; this might be the most fun I’ve had with a book this year.
104. Empire of the Scalpel: The History of Surgery by Ira Rutkow. Just what it says on the cover. The book starts with trepanations of cavemen and progresses to the modern era. Rutkow follows the Great Man school of history, and many of the chapters are biographical sketches of a surgeon who was important in developing the field. It feels somewhat incomplete—not only are non-surgical advances in medicine basically ignored, the development of the modern American insurance state is glossed over, even as the book discusses how hospitals became prestigious institutions and surgeons very wealthy. The book also uses weird kennings, as if it were written by an Icelandic skald—surgeons are “scalpel wielders” or “students of the knife”, etc, as often as they’re just surgeons. I definitely learned stuff from this book (like the quack “orifical surgery”, which posed that all diseases could be cured by cutting out irregular shapes from the mouth, nose, anus and genital openings!), but found the book rather less than the sum of its parts.
105. Monster Anthropology, edited by Yasmine Musharbash and GH Presterudstuen. This is a collection of academic essays about monsters as cultural signifiers and participants. After a very good introduction (the Works Cited of which will keep me busy a long while), the bulk of the book looks at particular cultures and particular monsters. The book was published in Australia, and several of the essays are on the same group of Indigenous Australians, the Warlpiri, and their monsters (most of which have not penetrated Western consciousness, but the pankarlangu is starting to make some inroads). One minor note I found interesting—there’s an actual folkloric monster that fits the D&D concept of a rakshasa! The tepun of the Eastern Penan people in Borneo is a shapeshifting hedonist that has aspects of humans and tigers.
106. Scent: A Natural History of Fragrance by Elise Vernon Pearlstine. Gave up on 50 pages in. The book purports to be a natural history—what molecules are made by what plants, why, and how those plants live. The actual contents contain some of that, but much more cultural histories. I’ve read and enjoyed several books about the cultural history of plants recently, so I’m not inherently opposed to the concept. But the book is incredibly poorly organized. The narrative skips back and forth through time and space and species, words are used and then defined several pages later as if it’s the first time we’re seeing them, concepts will be repeated multiple times to the point of redundancy, and the preface and introduction contain the exact same sentences, twice! The fact that this book was published in this state is frankly embarrassing.
My New York magazine debut! For Jurassic Park's 30th anniversary, I wrote about the long shadow Spielberg's film casts over cinematic dinosaurs, even those ostensibly trying to do something different.
I spoke with Jurassic Park's concept artist, Crash McCreery, as well as paleontologist Steve Brusatte and paleo-journalist Riley Black. Give it a read! It's fun.
Happy first day of Winter ❄️ while we’re struggling with the snow on this shortest day of the year, the darkness of the night will be light soon enough! I figured I also drew enough dinosaurs, so mammals (partially inspired by Dr. Steve Brusatte’s book the Rise and Reign of Mammals) deserve their due too