#Toronto indigenous harm reduction

[erismourn]

it’s colonialism weekend. give native people your money. here are some of my personal recs, but you must do more research yourself. don’t let me be the only native you see on your timeline.

beadsagainstfascism - BAF is one of the coolest people I’ve known and does a lot of great harm reduction work with high risk folks in tkaronto

nunaraqcrafts - mango makes really cool beadwork and is a low-income inuk from my province trying to provide for their family

irvingnator - irving is a great artist and single parent struggling to pay bills. please help them out!

ontario native women’s association

toronto indigenous harm reduction

decolonizemyself - 2s cree who posts a TON of decolonial news every day

i also follow 800+ indigenous artists and activists on my insta.  you can peruse that list here

additionally if you want to support me (disabled indigiqueer artist) today, you can look at my beadwork, my prints, or send me a tip

#mads.txt

[intricatepuckrituals]

thots of bublé taking shrooms at the All Stars, hilarious or most hilarious?

also, should the celebrity captains continue or be hockey super fans with just ceremonial status or should we have celebs that have zero clue about hockey be the actual coaches for the game and the players HAVE to listen, go full chaos?

most hilarious. all ASG hosts and players should actually be REQUIRED to do drugs before stepping on the ice. they MUST attempt to skate backwards while fulling tripping balls (really just an extension of their normal backwards tripping). they should have live mics and be forced to make new friends and try to balance the most pucks on a blade using someone else's stick (yes, this is a metaphor) whilst passing the joint. there should be an indigenous-own weed dispensary sponsor (some real fucking good ones in toronto! what a missed opportunity!!) and the winnings should go towards local harm reduction orgs. ✌

i don't really care for the celebrity captains, aside from this. i found it really stilted and awkward and NOT in a fun way, which was rly unfortunate. i also don't want fans being the captains bc they're gonna pull some shit like asking which AO3 tag is the players favorite and i simply would have to crawl into the tv and turn them into a toadstool and boil them in swamp water.

personally i think retired nhl peeps (PK COME BACK) or current announcers for the games (RAZOR, ANYONE?) would be the most fun and engaging hosts and they should lean into that, bc its how you get these commercial media trained bobbleheads to say something.

for the coaches, actual children of players should be the coaches. g's kid, malkin's? hilarious. delightful. endearing. silly. utterly chaotic.

all i want in an ASG.

ty for these essential questions.

#asg 2024 #nhl all star 2024 #our talk #my talk

[suburban-refuge]

Since it's Canada Day, consider donating to Indigenous peoples and organizations.

List of organizations from UofT's Indigenous Studies department:

Toronto Indigenous Harm Reduction:

Indspire:

Indian Residential School Survivors' Society:

Please feel free to add to the list!

[violetsandshrikes]

This “Canada Day”, you should consider donating to Toronto Indigenous Harm Reduction (TIHR), a grassroots organisation providing encampment support and supporting people throughout the overdose epidemic!

#Canada day #Toronto #Toronto indigenous harm reduction #signal boost #important #harm reduction

[ghjco]

Listen, Learn, Support: Indigenous History Month

Artwork from Kat Brown Akootchook, a Haudenosaunee & Anishinaabe artist from the Deshkan Ziibi, Thames river in what is now known as southern Ontario. Follow and support their work here. 

After learning the heartbreaking news from Kamloops last week, it has become all the more clear to us that we as Canadians have a long way to go. For many, the tragic and painful history of our country is very much a part of the present. For others, integrating the truths of the abuse and injustice that have taken place and continue to take place in our Indigenous communities remains a work in progress. Self-education, love, and respect are so important as we support the processes of grieving, listening, and learning. 

We believe in bringing to light the darkness of the past and the inequality still present today, so that we can deepen our understanding, and find a way forward. We plan to learn more about the land we are on, research its peoples and traditions, support the communities that are suffering intergenerational trauma, and encourage all those around us to do so as well. We are so grateful to those who have dedicated their lives to this work, and will strive to make sure these stories are heard, shared, and woven into our own perspective and work as we continue to fight anti-Indigeneity this Indigenous History Month and beyond.

 Below we have listed some support and learning resources our team has found useful. We will be making a donation towards the Legacy of Hope Foundation -- an Indigenous-led charitable organization with the mandate to educate and create awareness and understanding about the Residential School System.

Please do not hesitate to send us your comments or suggestions at [email protected].

With love,

Team Greenhouse

1. Resources to Support Indigenous Communities 

Indian Residential Schools Crisis Line, 1-866-925-4419

Toronto Indigenous Harm Reduction 

Indian Residential School Survivors Society

Legacy of Hope Foundation

Indspire

Canadian Roots Exchange

Inuit Tapiriit Kaatami

Native Canadian Centre of Toronto

The Art for Aid Project

True North Aid

Gord Downie and Chanie Wenjack Fund

First Nations Child & Family Caring Society

2. Learning Resources

Indigenous Canada -- Free Program offered by University of Alberta

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

Reconciliation Canada

Indigenous History Month

On Canada Project

3. Further Reading

They Called Me Number One by Bev Sellars

The Sleeping Giant Awakens by David B. MacDonald

The Education of Augie Merasty by Joseph Auguste (Augie) Merasty

A Knock on the Door by Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

A National Crime by John S. Milloy

Legacy by Suzanne Methot

From the Ashes by Jesse Thistle

Up Ghost River by Edmund Metatawabin

Stolen Words by Melanie Florence (for children)

Seven Fallen Feathers: Racism, Death, and Hard Truths in a Northern City by Tanya Talaga

4. Some Instagram Accounts to Follow

@oncanadaproject

@indigenouspeoplesmovement

@wetsuweten_checkpoint

@orangeshirtdayac

@torontoindigenousharmreduction

@tiplerteaches

#news #indigenous history month #indigenous support #give back #self education

[rdanglife-blog]

On Wednesday April 19th, 2017, I visited PASAN (”A community-based Harm Reduction/HIV/HCV organization that provides support, education and advocacy to prisoners and ex-prisoners,” -PASAN) in downtown Toronto for their grand unveiling of their mosaic. My friends have been working on this project since December 2016, and it was a collaborative effort between a team of artists.

The organization started off with an indigenous land acknowledgement with a traditional song and an optional prayer to accompany it. When they unveiled it, the feel of the mosaic was very unique, unlike anything else. There were bathroom tile, transparent glass, porcelain, and pebbles. The whole aesthetic of the crows breaking through the fence and into the mesmerizing sky felt so symbolic to justice and liberation. This project was so well executed, from the colours of the skin mosaic tiles on the hands, or the pebbles making up the deer, or the symbolic message of solidarity that is shown by the bound fists together. 

This was my highlight of my week! Hope y’all have a great week ahead! <3

#mosaic #art #new beginnings #Toronto Life

[jasonlawson0]

B.C. names all-party police reform committeeto examine scope of systemic racism

VICTORIA — A special committee of the B.C. legislature was appointed Wednesday to examine the scope of systemic racism in policing as part of the province's plans to modernize the Police Act.

Solicitor General Mike Farnworth said the all-party committee has until May 14 to complete its report and present findings and recommendations to the legislature.

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"We know that the 45-year-old act is out of date and does not reflect today's challenges or the opportunities for delivering police services that work for everyone," he said at a news conference.

"We know that the review will take time but it is long overdue and we want to make sure we get it right."

He said the committee will examine the extent of racism in B.C.'s police agencies, including the RCMP, and review the impact on public safety and trust in policing.

"We're starting from the position, as we know, our institutions in this province have systemic racism built into them, often in the form of bias and often unintentionally," said Farnworth.

"It's looking at the issue of systemic racism as it relates to our institutions and how they've been designed, and it will look at changes in terms of the Police Act."

The committee will also review the role of police with respect to complex social issues that include mental health, wellness, addictions and harm reduction, he said.

It will also review and make recommendations on issues regarding independent oversight of policing, governance, education and police training, said Farnworth.

The committee's recommendations must ensure changes to the Police Act are consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, he said.

Opposition Liberal Leader Andrew Wilkinson said policing issues have become controversial and must be addressed.

"It's timely to have a review of our Police Act because our police forces are asked to do a variety of tasks, including mental health work, which they are not entirely trained for," he said.

Farnworth said last month every citizen deserves to be treated fairly by the police.

B.C.'s Police Act regulates the professional conduct of municipal police officers and includes disciplinary procedures.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published on July 8, 2020.

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[vsplusonline]

Elliot, an alcoholic, asked his parole officer for help. She sent him back to prison

New Post has been published on https://apzweb.com/elliot-an-alcoholic-asked-his-parole-officer-for-help-she-sent-him-back-to-prison/

Elliot, an alcoholic, asked his parole officer for help. She sent him back to prison

Elliot Hudson found the box on his first afternoon home from prison.

He’d gone up to his old bedroom in his parents’ Ottawa house to unpack some of the clothes his father tidied away while Elliot had been incarcerated. He pulled out the old crock-pot box with “recovery stuff” Sharpied on the side. Inside there were maybe six or seven leather-bound journals, dating back to 2012.

Elliot, a contemplative 37-year-old man with an occasionally destructive tendency to get trapped in his own mind, couldn’t resist flipping through. It was disheartening.

The dates scrawled in the corners changed but the story didn’t. He read one page: I’m back in recovery… I’m super committed… I’ve been to five AA meetings in the last five days… I’m really grateful to be sober. This is it.

Then he’d flip ahead two weeks or two months: I’ve relapsed again and I feel terrible about it… I’m so ashamed. I’m so broken… What’s wrong with me?

“I saw the progression of how this illness has just decimated my life,” Elliot says. Family, friends, work, financial stability, emotional stability —

“There’s not a single area of my life that (addiction) hasn’t touched.”

Elliot Hudson writes in a journal he found inside an old crock-pot box. The journal chronicles his struggles with addiction and relapse over the course of several years.

Jane Gerster/Global News

To be sober and fresh out of jail on that day, Oct. 24, 2019, doesn’t feel all that different from being sober and “super committed” to staying that way in 2012, 2013 or 2014. A little more humbling, sure, with a list of court-ordered restrictions meant to encourage sobriety vis-à-vis the threat of more jail. But if his brain, already well aware that alcohol was ruining his life, couldn’t keep him sober then, what’s to say it will succeed now, rubber-stamped rules or no?

At Alcoholics Anonymous meetings they tell you that alcohol is “cunning, baffling and powerful,” but that if you acknowledge that, and admit your wrongs and are willing to make amends and put your life in the hands of a higher power, you will recover.

It’s an enticing thought, almost like if you know enough about the disease you can protect yourself from it — appealing to a thinker like Elliot. And yet, as two doctors wrote in a March 1993 review of addiction in the Psychiatric Clinics of North America medical journal, “the potential for relapse… persists indefinitely.”

Elliot thumbs through his old journals.

I’m back in recovery… I’m super committed… I’ve relapsed again… What’s wrong with me?

“My first priority is staying sober,” he says. “If I don’t do that, I can’t do anything else.”

***

For many people, addiction rolls off the tongue a little too easily. It’s, oh, I’m addicted to these little scones at the bakery down the street, or this new show on Netflix that I can’t. Stop. Watching. But the reality is that you probably can stop. Or at least, you can stop watching long enough to go to work or to your dinner reservations or to walk your dog.

Many experts, including the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), rely on the four Cs to differentiate addiction as a catchall term for finding it hard to say no and an actual substance use disorder. The four Cs are: craving, loss of control of amount or frequency of use, compulsion to use and using despite the consequences. Elliot knows that last one well.

Often, addiction stories double as sobriety narratives. We like that story, says Dr. Raj Bhatla, the chief of staff and psychiatrist-in-chief at the Royal Ottawa Hospital, where Elliot has received help in the past, because it’s simple.

Elliot had his first drink at 13, showed up drunk repeatedly throughout high school and graduated to drugs in his mid-20s.

Provided

We don’t like to look at the way social factors and individual people’s thoughts and behaviours interconnect. We don’t like to think about how housing, finances and abuse can each help push someone down the path of addiction.

“Addiction is a complex condition, a complex interaction between human beings and their environments,” wrote Dr. Gabor Maté in In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts, a book about addiction. It’s a book that makes Elliot feel seen.

“Addiction has biological, chemical, neurological, psychological, medical, emotional, social, political, economic, and spiritual underpinnings — and perhaps others I haven’t thought about,” Maté wrote.

“To get anywhere near a complete picture we must keep shaking the kaleidoscope to see what other patterns emerge.”

That’s a big ask. Bhatla explains we’ve simplified things as a society because it’s easier to form conclusions.

“We should be more sophisticated as a society and we should be less judgmental.”

***

The first time Elliot had a drink he was 13 years old and a friend had stolen a mickey of whisky from her dad’s basement.

He’d grown up with a mother who struggled with addiction. So while he knew the effects of someone’s addiction — how they could be selfish, inadvertently cruel with cravings or wreck your plans to go camping or to a movie with their hangover — he hadn’t really placed a mickey of whisky on the spectrum to a lifetime of struggle.

In the backyard, the two friends mixed whisky with Pepsi and drank until Elliot was giddy and a little bit dizzy.

Elliot lay back on the grass.

Wow, he thought, no wonder my mom likes this stuff. This is incredible. I want to feel like this all the time. For a moment, he was content. He looked at his friend and asked, “When can we do this again?”

He didn’t think twice about asking; he felt wonderful and he wanted to feel wonderful all the time. She gave him a funny look, like, why are you already thinking about next time? Why aren’t you just enjoying this moment?

“The problem with substance abuse is that it works,” Elliot says. “Up to that point I had been so full of fear and uncomfortable emotions and in that moment, they just disappeared.”

Clockwise from top left: Elliot as a baby with his mother, Elliot as a toddler with his younger sister and Elliot as a young boy.

Provided

Elliot started showing up tipsy, then drunk to high school events. He wrote an exam hammered. He ignored the lectures: alcohol is bad! Drugs are bad! Don’t you dare use!

It was an easy out from dealing with physical abuse in a home that revolved around addiction, and an incident where he was sexually abused as a teenager. Drunken Elliot appeared so frequently that the school reached out to his parents to intervene. They set up a meeting with an addiction counsellor.

The counsellor was the first person Elliot met who scratched at the surface of why he drank.

Elliot told him the truth: I drink because it makes me feel good and normal, I become a teenager who can actually connect with his friends instead of feeling anxious and isolated in my own brain.

It was as Maté wrote: “Drugs have the power to make the painful tolerable and the humdrum worth living for.

“Like patterns in a tapestry, recurring themes emerge in my interviews with addicts,” Maté wrote.

“The drug as emotional anaesthetic; as an antidote to a frightful feeling of emptiness; as a tonic against fatigue, boredom, alienation, and a sense of personal inadequacy; as stress reliever and social lubricant.”

Elliot went back to the counsellor half a dozen times. He didn’t stop drinking, but he did find himself devoting a little more headspace to why he was drinking.

***

Addiction is a brain-warping disease, but is it a crime?

The desire to see drug use treated as a health issue rather than a criminal one is behind the push for decriminalizing illicit drugs for personal use, an idea that’s come up repeatedly in recent years as a result of the opioid crisis, which claimed nearly 14,000 lives across Canada between January 2016 and June 2019.

In July 2018, Toronto’s board of health asked the federal government to decriminalize drugs and in April 2019, B.C.’s chief health officer asked the provincial government to do the same. So far, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has resisted, preferring to focus on other harm reduction efforts.

Canada has a huge mental health and addiction crisis in prison. Federally, 70 per cent of inmates used alcohol or drugs in problematic ways in the year leading up to their incarceration, per a fact sheet compiled by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. More than half of inmates serving time have a problem with alcohol, while nearly half have had problems with drugs.

Substance use and abuse is a prominent factor underlying criminal behaviour, and not just in obvious ways like impaired driving. Substance use plays a direct or indirect role for people serving time federally for assault (69 per cent), theft (66 per cent), murder (58 per cent) and break and enter and robbery (56 per cent), per the centre’s research.

And the people for whom addiction and mental health disproportionately leads to jail time are some of Canada’s most marginalized residents — Black people, Indigenous people, people who are grappling with the ongoing impacts of intergenerational trauma.

Last month, Canada’s prison ombudsman warned of the “Indigenization of Canada’s prison population” now that the proportion of people in federal prison who are Indigenous has reached more than 30 per cent, despite Indigenous people making up only five per cent of the country’s total population. Between 2005 and 2015, the number of Black people behind bars has grown by 69 per cent, so while they make up roughly three per cent of the Canadian population, they now represent more than eight per cent of the population behind bars.

Elliot, who is white, knows he has privilege. Sometimes it’s hard to acknowledge while shame spiralling after another relapse, but he fights to remind himself. An estimated six million Canadians will meet the criteria (those four Cs) for substance use disorder in their lifetime. Elliot wants to use his experience to help them.

Elliot with his mother and father circa 2009.

Provided

People don’t get the help they need when our society focuses on individual choice and responsibility, says Justin Piché, an associate criminology professor at the University of Ottawa and co-founder of the Criminalization and Punishment Education Project.

We wind up “setting aside our collective responsibilities to each other and to the people,” he says.

Economic, social, racial and gender inequality is well documented in Canada. And so, Piché says, “we live in a society where people experience a great deal of trauma quite frequently.

“We need to be making a gradual shift towards a more compassionate and caring society, while at the same time trying to address the harms that exist now,” he says.

“That’s not easy work, to work towards a just transition, but we need one.”

***

On Jan. 18, 2018, Elliot made a weapon out of a prison regulation deodorant canister and a sock and attacked a guard at the Central East Jail in Lindsay, Ont. He grabbed her by the shirt collar and threatened her.

He would later acknowledge he must have looked terrifying — big and burly, sporting a beard — and want to apologize. But in the moment he felt desperate. He’d been in prison a few months, still waiting to be sentenced and still using. He wasn’t getting the treatment he needed and he had just come out of isolation.

His mother had recently died.

“I was a mess,” Elliot says.

A spokesperson for the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services says it is its “firm belief that when someone is given the chance to address the personal and socioeconomic issues that drive their criminal activity, everyone benefits.”

She acknowledged that “crime, violence, mental health and addictions are complex issues that cannot be solved overnight or by the provincial government alone.”

Elliot Hudson is pictured in the family visiting room at St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre on Sept. 24, 2019.

Brent Rose/Global News

Elliot worked in audio engineering throughout his 20s, where booze and drugs were normal and nobody batted an eye when he was drunk or high — or both.

Elliot felt functional until he wasn’t. At some point, he realized that once he started drinking, he couldn’t stop.

Then he missed his best friend’s wedding. It was time to get sober.

With a clear head — and liver — Elliot’s world opened up.

He wanted to help open up other people’s worlds, too. He got a diploma in addiction counselling and spent a few years as a peer support worker. In 2015, he was accepted into the social work program at Carleton University. He wanted his thesis to be about the criminalization of addiction.

READ MORE: Ramadan behind bars — How one inmate’s fight to fast highlights oversight concerns

The war on drugs, which was initiated more than four decades ago, “has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world,” wrote a panel of experts in the 2011 Global Commission on Drug Policy report.

It led to the mass incarceration of people with addictions and didn’t even curb drug use. In fact, United Nations estimates show that drug consumption has actually gone up. Opiate use jumped by more than 34 per cent from 1998 to 2008, when it was estimated that 17.35 million people were using. Similarly, cocaine use jumped by 27 per cent to 17 million and cannabis use jumped by 8.5 per cent to 160 million.

“End the criminalization, marginalization and stigmatization of people who use drugs but who do no harm to others,” recommended the Global Commission.

“One of the research topics I was interested in was the criminalization of addiction,” wrote Elliot Hudson in his first letter to Global News on Aug. 21, 2018. “How sadly ironic that I should end up incarcerated for an addiction-related crime.”

Global News

It’s a huge topic; one so big that Elliot’s thesis advisor dissuaded him from pursuing it. And so Elliot winnowed it to access to addiction treatment in Ontario.

Having a purpose didn’t make Elliot’s stressors disappear. After all, logic doesn’t stop emotion. When the anxiety and cravings are overwhelming, it’s easy to seek relief in one sip that becomes two drinks, then 10.

Elliot finished his first year of school in spring 2016. He relapsed in the fall and took a mental health leave. By October he was facing charges for drunkenly assaulting his parents. He was released on conditions to not drink or do drugs. He was arrested again six months later for drunkenly damaging two windows at an ex-girlfriend’s home and failing to comply with the court condition that he stay sober.

Elliot tried to go back to school in the fall, but he was still drinking and using. He was bouncing between shelters. All his money went to alcohol and drugs. He started to shoplift from the liquor store when he couldn’t scrounge up the cash.

“It’s hard to remember what it felt like to be that desperate,” Elliot says. “It’s almost like your brain’s been hijacked.”

By the fall of 2017, Elliot had dropped out of school and was driven only by how to get the next bottle, his next fix.

On Oct. 10, he robbed a store. On Oct. 14, he robbed a gas station. Both times he threatened the cashier, although he had no weapons. The Ottawa police spread his image far and wide after the gas station robbery. Elliot turned himself in.

“Obviously, alcohol has led you down this path at this point and it’s time to deal with it,” Justice C.S. Dorval said during his sentencing on Feb. 5, 2018. He added six months for attacking the prison guard.

READ MORE: The Liberals promise to expand drug treatment courts — but will this reduce harm?

“The mental health issues, you can always get assistance. The addiction, you need to want it, you know, want to deal with it and it’s difficult until you get to the point where you want to be sober every single day,” the judge said.

Dorval encouraged corrections to help Elliot.

Substance abuse cost Canada $38.4 billion, or roughly $1,000 per person regardless of age, in 2014, according to a report from the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. About $14.6 billion was attributed to alcohol abuse alone.

But is jail the right place for treatment?

Most addiction experts say no.

As Ontario auditor general Bonnie Lysyk noted in her December 2019 report on Ontario prisons, they are not equipped to deal with the rising number of inmates who have mental health issues.

The report found frontline staff don’t have the training required to de-escalate situations that arise because of mental health. In a review of internal investigations done in response to prison incidents in Toronto and Thunder Bay, the auditor general found that 57 per cent of inmates who tried to harm themselves or others had a mental health alert on their file.

Per the auditor general’s report, enhanced training provided by CAMH is due to be rolled out across the province this year. A spokesperson for the ministry said the program officially launched in January and includes “more job-specific case studies and scenario-based learning, as well as an emphasis on communication and de-escalation skills.”

And yet, there’s a culture clash between health care and justice.

It’s inevitable, Dr. Raj Bhatla says. While both health-care providers and corrections staff value community safety, he says the health-care side is more focused on treatment — “it’s a different paradigm.”

READ MORE: How Trevor died — Why prison offers a ‘golden opportunity’ to help solve the opioid crisis

That means it can be harder to rehabilitate people in prison, says Dr. Lori Regenstreif, an assistant professor at McMaster University who also works with the rapid access to addiction medicine clinic at St. Joe’s Hospital and the Shelter Health Network.

In Ontario, the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services makes decisions about prison health care instead of the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Corrections’ focus winds up being “what’s legal versus illegal on the inside,” Regenstreif says.

In other words, the ministry will be concerned about the safety risk of inmates sharing the drugs Regenstrief prescribes with one another. However, Regenstrief, who prescribes buprenorphine, an opioid medication like methadone that’s used to treat addiction, would rather them share. The drug isn’t very dangerous and won’t get a person high, she says, but it could help them a lot. A spokesperson for the ministry says policies and procedures are in place for delivering health care behind bars and that “decisions are between inmates and medical professionals.”

More than 250,000 people are sent to prisons in Canada every year, which means one in 250 people. It has serious impacts on their health. Researchers in Ontario followed provincial inmates, such as Elliot, for 12 years beginning in 2000 and published their results in the Canadian Medical Association Journal in 2016.

Those inmates were four times more likely to die than the general population. Their deaths were largely due to preventable and treatable causes, including overdose, heart disease and suicide. Inmates also died younger — men’s life expectancy was 4.2 years shorter compared with the general population while women’s declined by 10.6 years.

For Elliot, already feeling desperate in jail, just hearing the judge say he would get help to treat his mental health and addiction was a positive step forward.

Some of the many letters Elliot Hudson exchanged with Global News reporter Jane Gerster while he was incarcerated.

Global News

Except, nothing happened. Elliot stayed in maximum security at the Lindsay jail. When he asked about treatment, he says he was brushed off and told to put in a form to request a meeting with a social worker. The social worker told him it might take months. A spokesperson for the ministry says it works with staff as well as health and social service agencies to make sure inmates get the supports they need.

There was a lot of drug use on his range that the guards ignored so long as there weren’t any fights, Elliot says. A spokesperson for the ministry says it takes the health and safety of staff and inmates “very seriously” and that staff are “trained to be vigilant” with respect to contraband.

Frustrated and overwhelmed, Elliot kept using. What was the point?

“There was already despondency on my part,” he says. “Can I do this? Can I have a good life? Is there any point?”

Using felt like the path of least resistance.

***

“I’m one of the fortunate ones from where I’m sitting,” Elliot said in the family visitation room at St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre in December 2018.

He was transferred to the centre that summer and was finally receiving the treatment he’d envisioned during his sentencing. It was the first time in a long time he felt hope.

The St. Lawrence facility is solely for men, a special prison operated in conjunction with the Royal Ottawa Health Care Group for inmates with serious mental illness. It provides specialized treatment for a number of issues, including sex offending, trauma disorders and dysfunctional anger. Roughly 100 inmates receive treatment at a time and according to a ministry spokesperson, there are currently four inmates on a waitlist to get in.

Elliot was eloquent and cheerful. He also acknowledged his privilege, even behind bars. So many of the men he’d met in jail had been in and out of prison since they were teenagers. They had no easily employable skills, no stable housing and no further education. Many would have to return to neighbourhoods where there were strong ties to crime, trauma and what landed them behind bars in the first place.

Elliot often found himself reflecting on just how different his life would be if he’d been caught up in the justice system at a young age instead of planted in front of an addictions counsellor who probed into the why of his disorder.

“It helps me have empathy for the suffering that these guys are enduring because a lot of them haven’t had a chance,” he says.

It’s a tough trajectory to put numbers on, says Bhatla, because it’s multi-faceted and you can’t blame just one thing. Correctional treatment programs like St. Lawrence Valley are important, he says, but not the sole solution.

“We need to do a much better job in catching people earlier, prior to them ending up in the correctional system.”

Many people with addiction and mental health issues have adverse childhood experiences, he says.

“We put them in a position where, from a psychosocial point of view, that’s the pathway.”

Growing up, some people experience emotional, physical or sexual abuse, emotional or physical neglect, domestic abuse, parental separation or divorce, mental illness at home, substance abuse at home, or an incarcerated household member.

READ MORE: Is poor health a problem you can fix by yourself? Not when you don’t have money

Each one increases the likelihood that a person will start using illicit drugs at a young age and use for life between two- and four-fold, according to a 2003 study published in the Pediatrics medical journal looking at more than 8,600 illicit drugs users. Of those surveyed, more than 30 per cent grew up in homes where someone abused substances, like Elliot did, and 25 per cent grew up in homes with mental illness.

“Children and adolescents, who are exposed to the types of childhood experiences that we examined, may have feelings of helplessness, chaos, and importance and may have problems self-regulating affective states,” according to the study.

“Thus, illicit drug use may serve as an avenue to escape or disassociate from the immediate emotional pain, anxiety, and anger that likely accompany such experiences.”

At the St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre, Elliot was optimistic about the possibility of a parole hearing. He had plans to get out, stay with his father until he could lease his own apartment, and work in construction to make money to return to school.

“I feel incredibly fortunate.”

***

On March 7, 2019, Elliot’s dad drove to pick him up from the prison in Brockville. Right away, Elliot says it felt wrong, “like a fantasy movie that didn’t match up to what was happening in real life.”

He’d spent months planning his first meal free — a diner breakfast with real eggs and real sausages instead of the airplane-style pre-packaged meals he’d been fed in prison — but the restaurant he wanted to go to was closed. The backup restaurant was only so-so.

He was excited to sleep in a real bed with lights he could turn all the way off, but he couldn’t sleep. Every time he dozed off, he’d wake up disoriented by the dark and unsure of where he was.

“I got out thinking, ‘Oh, this is no big deal, this will be easy,’” Elliot says. “It turns out it was very, very difficult.”

Elliot’s anxiety was like a living, breathing entity he couldn’t dislodge from his back.

He’d gone from a regimented prison schedule to the freedom to wake up when he wanted and eat when he wanted and do whatever he wanted so long as he stayed stone-cold sober. And while Ontario prisons are required to assist in discharge planning, connecting people like Elliot to reintegration resources, Elliot says he didn’t get that when it came to parole. A ministry spokesperson did not respond to Elliot’s specific case, but said there are support options for inmates being released on parole.

“I felt like I had to make 1,000 decisions a day,” he wrote in a letter.

There was alcohol at the LCBO at the street corner, in the beer commercials during a hockey game, and in the vodka ad on the side of the bus station.

Alcohol was everywhere.

“FREEDOM!!!” The first email Elliot Hudson sent to Global News after being released on parole.

Global News

He made a to-do list, put his head down, and tried to will his anxiety to pass. As he crossed things off — bank, dentist — there were more to add on.

“I never felt like I was getting ahead so I started becoming very kind of manic about it,” Elliot says.

His dad told him to slow down but he didn’t listen.

Five days after being released on parole, Elliot went to get his hair cut. He sat there, silently battling his anxiety, while the barber trimmed his hair.

He talks about his anxiety as if it is another person inhabiting his brain, deceptively reminding him that there is one nearly instantaneous relief.

“Hey Elliot,” it tells him, “I know how to get rid of this anxiety. Why don’t we have a few drinks?”

Elliot took an Uber from the hairdresser to a bar at 11 a.m. and started to drink. The first sip tasted like relief.

“Many people have watched themselves helplessly as they began to do something they knew would be unhelpful or self-defeating,” Dr. Gabor Maté explains in his book.

“That’s the experience of brain lock: the clutch is stuck, so nothing can be done to stop the motor of ‘doing’ from engaging.”

Elliot drank until they cut him off around 3 p.m. Then, he went somewhere else — too drunk now for specifics — and drank through the night. It was a direct violation of his parole.

He woke up hungover and scared. He worried he wouldn’t be able to stop drinking again, so he called his parole officer to come clean. He thought she might be able to steer him towards a detox centre or some sort of community-based treatment.

She issued a Canada-wide warrant for his arrest.

“Her hands were tied as soon as she found out I was drinking,” Elliot says. “I fault the system.”

Addiction is a disease, says Bhatla: “It’s a relapsing illness.”

“Many parts of our society see (addiction) as a social weakness or an individual weakness and that’s not OK.”

***

The Criminalization and Punishment Education Project, which Piché co-founded, runs a jail accountability and information hotline. It’s for people incarcerated at the Ottawa Carleton Detention Centre and their loved ones to report human rights issues and try to get help staying out of jail.

Elliot’s story — a slip, a plea for help, and an uncompromising system — sounds an awful lot like those calls, Piché says.

Two extreme examples made waves this month after a justice of the peace in Nunavut blasted the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for separately arresting two victims of domestic violence. The women had called the police for help with abuse, but wound up arrested because they had both been drinking contrary to sober bail conditions in place prior to the domestic violence for which they asked for help.

“It is troubling,” wrote justice of the peace Joseph Murdoch-Flowers of the RCMP’s decision.

“The police and the Crown must guard against what I would characterize as ‘institutional indifference.’ They must be sensitive to the big picture, and they must not allow legal papers to get in the way of decency and common sense.”

A ministry spokesperson says it’s modernizing health-care delivery for inmates and working to better identify those who have mental health needs.

“The ministry works to ensure those in its custody are treated fairly, respectfully and with the access to health care services that aligns with those in the community,” she says.

But the system is the problem, Piché says.

“We need a (criminal justice system) that actually makes common sense, that provides people care, not cages.”

Back in the Ottawa Carleton Detention Centre, Elliot felt demoralized. He pictured his life being married with kids and a career.

“I’m approaching 40 and I don’t really have much to show for myself.”

One of the guys on Elliot’s range offered to help with the depression. Elliot got him some money and spent his first week back in jail high on opiates.

***

At the end of March, Elliot wrote a letter to Global News from the Ottawa Carleton Detention Centre.

“I’m trying to figure out where I went wrong,” he wrote. “All I can say is that getting out was WAY more overwhelming than I could have anticipated. My anxiety was through the roof.”

Elliot intended to push for release again when he went before the parole board on April 2.

“I basically explained to them that my problem is not criminal behaviour, my problem is substances and I just need to figure out a way to stay away from substances,” Elliot said that afternoon. “I politely begged them for a second chance.”

They revoked his parole.

St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre, the secure prison in Ontario for inmates with serious mental health issues where Elliot Hudson was incarcerated for the better part of a year.

Global News

“6 months, 180 days till Freedom version 2.0,” he wrote on April 25. He’d decided to recommit himself to recovery and had been sober again for a few weeks.

Elliot was back at St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre.

As good as it felt to be sober and in daily treatment again, it also didn’t feel real. Elliot looked ahead to release, wondering how he could avoid the revolving door of prison and wishing he could focus instead on his health and sobriety.

“What the hospital thinks is best and what corrections thinks is best aren’t necessarily the same thing.”

***

Oct. 24, 2019 marked two-thirds of his sentence and so his release; another car ride back to Ottawa with his dad. Elliot does not want to go back to jail and he no longer believes he can outsmart his disease. It means he is living with opposing realities: that he must fight to stay sober while bracing for relapse.

The hardest part is the shame, he says.

“When you relapse there’s so much shame and guilt that just perpetuates more using and it creates a cycle that’s very, very difficult to get out of.”

On his last morning in prison, Elliot’s psychiatrist took a moment to remind him that relapse happens. Don’t drink and don’t use, he told him, but if you do, don’t make it a bigger deal than it has to be. You don’t have to throw your life away just because you have a slip.

To Elliot, that means don’t let the shame of having a beer or two turn into an all-night cocaine bender.

One big metal gate opens and shuts, then the second opens.

Is this real? He spent a moment in the car with his father, just thinking. Yeah, it’s real. Two years. I’m done. I’m free.

***

Less than a week after Elliot got out of jail, he sat at his father’s kitchen table in Kanata, an Ottawa suburb, wearing a button-down with more colours than you’d ever see on an inmate.

He was anxious but not forlorn. He sounded like a person who knew a lot about addiction, trauma and relapse and really, really wanted to stay sober.

“Today’s the fifth day,” Elliot said. “I feel much more calm.”

Elliot Hudson is pictured at his father’s Ottawa home in October 2019, just five days after being released from prison.

Jane Gerster/Global News

On the sixth, the Tuesday, Elliot went to a meeting with the John Howard Society to talk about finding him his own lease in Ottawa. It’s too easy to hide away in Kanata, he said, “I don’t want to isolate myself.”

He’d woken up anxious, lonely and full of fear.

Just after 4 p.m., Elliot sent a text about his day. The meeting went well, he wrote. He got bus tickets and $20 in Giant Tiger gift cards.

A pause. Another text: “I woke up today feeling terrified. I’m having a few drinks right now alone but I don’t want to talk about it on camera.”

Relapsing on probation rather than parole is superior in one way: there’s no condition not to drink. Sure, Elliot wants to be sober, but this time an alcohol slip doesn’t automatically mean a return to jail.

Still, November was hard and December was harder. Elliot drank and used drugs. He went to detox twice, although it made him panicky because it reminded him too much of being locked up.

“I need to learn how to live in the world sober and hiding away in a rehab for 28 days is not necessarily going to do that,” he says. “It sort of breaks the pattern of drinking or using, but it’s not teaching me how to integrate back into society.”

The tricky part was sticking to a routine, not hiding away.

He was looking forward to visiting a friend who’d stuck by him when he was incarcerated. She had two kids, a loyal Lab and an exuberant new puppy.

***

The kids wake up at 7:45 a.m. Breakfast, meds and teeth brushing takes until 8:30 a.m. and then they’re off to school. After school, they get two hours of video games and YouTube followed by one hour of homework and then another hour of games. Then, it’s meds, teeth brushing and lights out.

The routine is for Elliot’s friend’s two kids, who he moved in with just before Christmas. And yet, Elliot says, it’s really helped him cement his own routine. “Addicts are selfish,” Elliot says, but kids demand time and attention in a way that distracts from addiction and makes Elliot feel useful.

Add in the dogs — a Lab named Honey and a pug puppy named Lola — that demand pets and walks and love to wrestle, and his days are full with less time to overthink.

READ MORE: Harper was tough on crime, Trudeau promised a new approach — did he deliver?

Elliot is also sober. He marks one month on Jan. 17, 2020. It is a relief. He spent November and early December drinking and using. He went to detox twice. He buried his cousin from an overdose, a cruel reminder of addiction’s end game.

“I woke up clean and sober this morning. I have no intentions of using today, and hopefully I go to bed the same way,” he says. “Rinse and repeat.”

He’s seeing a psychiatrist now who’s made a huge difference. She told him to always come, but to let her know when he’s been drinking so she can adjust her therapy plan. That takes off some of the pressure and shame.

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Elliot’s also on new medications: clonidine for stress and naltrexone for his cravings. The last time he drank was the first time he took naltrexone. It’s supposed to trick the pleasure centre of your brain, he says, and — ever-curious — Elliot tested it out by having a few beers. He felt no relief, just bloat.

“It sounds kind of dramatic but it was a bit of a goodbye ceremony for me,” he says.

“Alcohol’s been hurting me for years. It’s destroyed every important relationship in my life and it’s time to say goodbye.”

Elliot slips later that month. He is admitted to the Royal Ottawa Hospital for inpatient treatment for substance use on Feb. 12.

***

The hospital program is good, “really good,” Elliot says after a few days, but he’s emotional. Right now, he’s listening to Blackbird by Shake Shake Go a lot: Imagine if it all goes wrong / One day I know it must come / But nothing’s gonna change my love for you, for you.

— with files from Abigail Bimman

[email protected]

Follow @Jane_Gerster

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#Health

[indigenoushomelessness1-blog]

9. References

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Care Quality Commission. (2018). Service types. Care Quality Commission. Retrieved from https://www.cqc.org.uk/guidance-providers/regulations-enforcement/service-types

Caryl, P. (2018). No home in a homeland: Indigenous peoples and homelessness in the Canadian North, Canadian Journal of Sociology (Online),43(1), 85-88. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/nahs/docview/2030653905/fulltext/A65B44D098C34058PQ/5?accountid=13631

Correctional Service Canada. (2019). Correctional service Canada healing lodges. Correctional Service Canada. Retrieved from https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/aboriginal/002003-2000-en.shtml

Dennis, C. (2018). A new study on missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls highlights challenges. Nonprofit Quarterly. Retrieved from https://nonprofitquarterly.org/a-new-study-on-missing-and-murdered-indigenous-women-and-girls-highlights-challenges/

Edwards, K. (n.d.). Fighting foster care. Maclean’s. Retrieved fromhttps://www.macleans.ca/first-nations-fighting-foster-care/

First Nations Health Authority. (n.d.). Indigenous harm reduction principles and practices fact sheet [PDF File]. Retrieved from http://www.fnha.ca/wellnessContent/Wellness/FNHA-Indigenous-Harm-Reduction-Principles-and-Practices-Fact-Sheet.pdf

Gaetz, S., Dej, E., Richter, T., & Redman, M. (2016). The state of homelessness in Canada 2016 [PDF File]. Retrieved from https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/SOHC16_final_20Oct2016.pdf

Gaetz, S., Barr, C., Friesen, A., Harris, B., Hill, C., Kovacs-Bums, K., … Marsolais, A. (2012). Canadian definition of homelessness [PDF File]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/COHhomelessdefinition.pdf

Giphy. (n.d.). Shocked Oprah Winfrey GIF. Giphy. Retrieved from https://giphy.com/gifs/shocked-oprah-winfrey-Ld7IFYuds4MA8

Hadjipavlou, G., Varcoe, C., Tu, D., Dehoney, J., Price, R., & Brown, J. A. (2018). “All my relations”: Experiences and perceptions of Indigenous patients connecting with Indigenous Elders in an inner city primary care partnership for mental health and well-being, Canadian Medical Association,190(20), 608-615. doi:10.1503/cmaj.171390

J Hollinshead. (2017, June 18). Resilience from an Indigenous perspective [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://peak-resilience.com/blog/2017/6/18/resilience-from-an-indigenous-perspective

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. (2014). Missing and murdered Indigenous women in British Columbia, Canada [PDF File]. Retrieved from http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/indigenous-women-bc-canada-en.pdf

Menzies, P. (2009). Homeless Aboriginal men: Effects of intergenerational trauma [PDF File]. Retrieved from https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/attachments/6.2%20Menzies%20-%20Homeless%20Aboriginal%20Men.pdf

Ontario Native Women’s Association. (2018). Indigenous women, intimate partner violence & housing [PDF File]. Retrieved from http://www.vawlearningnetwork.ca/our-work/issuebased_newsletters/Issue-25/Issue_25.pdf

Pelley, L. (2017). Precarious housing means thousands may live on brink of homelessness. CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/precarious-housing-1.4036116

Postcolonialism. (n.d.). In Wikipidea. Retrieved June 13, 2019, fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcolonialism

Schmunk, R. (2019). Home prices in Vancouver are quadruple what average millennial can afford: report. CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/home-prices-vancouver-twice-what-millennials-can-afford-1.5172388?fbclid=IwAR0eDN-Ggp4EoHxSGMXh1FFkL8_DqCwlY5xI9ZL6YM5PaS0k6uRXS-u0mWM

Smee, M. (2019). Locals object to Indigenous healing lodge in Scarborough neighbourhood. CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/locals-object-to-indigenous-healing-lodge-in-scarborough-neighbourhood-1.5171332?fbclid=IwAR1uFATyjFHvho_CC_WGNhsbaNFbFA2m8oTvc815pNuXXjy58lk82C7HMT8

Stamler, L. L., Yui, L., & Dosani, A. (2016). Community health nursing: A Canadian perspective (4thed.). Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Stardustedit. (2017, December 15). Aesthetic headers [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://stardustedit.tumblr.com/post/168575481098

The Lancet. (2016). Canada’s inquiry into violence toward Indigenous women, The Lancet, 732. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)3143-1

Thistle, J. (2017). Definition of Indigenous homelessness in Canada [PDF File]. Retrieved from https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/COHIndigenousHomelessness-summary.pdf

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Urbanoski, A. K. (2017). Need for equity in treatment of substance use among Indigenous people in Canada, Canadian Medical Association, 189(44). doi:10.1503/cmaj.171002

Winter, J. (2018). It’s safer out here. The Globe and Mail.Retrieved fromhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/torontos-homeless-brave-the-cold-rather-than-stay-in-dangerousshelters/article37601534/

Zig Zag. (September 1). Federal study shines new light on homeless Indigenous people, veterans. Retrieved from https://warriorpublications.wordpress.com/2016/09/01/federal-study-shines-new-light-on-homeless-indigenous-people-veterans/

[funtubeweb]

Mobilize! NFB Puts Truth & Reconciliation Onscreen

“Stories are wondrous things. And they are dangerous,”  says Thomas King.

King knows a thing or two about storytelling and its cultural clout. Born to a Cherokee father and Greek/German mother, he has shed sharp new light on Indigenous experience with novels like Truth and Bright Water and Green Grass, Running Water and groundbreaking radio like The Dead Dog Café Comedy Hour.

With The Inconvenient Indian: A Curious Account of Native People in North America, published in 2012, he delivers an impassioned counter-narrative to official history, a lively work of non-fiction that the late Ojibwe novelist Richard Wagamese compared to the writings of Mark Twain, calling it “essential reading for everyone who cares about Canada and who seeks to understand Native people, their issues and their dreams.”

A film adaptation of The Inconvenient Indian — currently in the works at the Ontario Studio — is one of over 30 Indigenous-driven projects that are either in development, production or current release across the NFB’s various studios. Ranging from futuristic VR to a personal reflection on the shooting death of Colten Boushie, they form the linchpin of the NFBs three-year Indigenous Action Plan launched in June 2017.

When the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) released its final report in 2015, Judge Murray Sinclair and his fellow commissioners made it clear that any genuine reckoning with the legacy of residential schooling, and the broader history of Canada’s internal colonialism, required a long-term commitment on the part of Canadians and Canadian institutions, and their report included a sweeping call to action — 94 specific recommendations addressing a wide range of social and political players.

The commissioners identified a critical role for artists and for institutions concerned with cultural production and public memory: “Creative expression can play a vital role in this national reconciliation, providing alternative voices, vehicles, and venues for expressing historical truths and present hopes.” As a public producer and distributor, founded with a mandate to reflect Canada in all its complexity to Canadians and the world, the NFB heard the call and is now one year into a comprehensive plan towards institutional transformation, aimed at achieving equity for Indigenous creators, employees, partners and audiences.

The NFB’s Indigenous Action Plan covers all areas of operations – from hiring and distribution to library information systems, where an effort is underway to revise outdated colonial terminology and concepts. Highlights include a commitment to achieving representational parity in staffing by 2025, the development of new protocols for working with Indigenous partners and subjects, and a formal commitment to allocating no less than 15 percent of all production to Indigenous filmmakers and storytellers. Here are some Indigenous-directed stories and projects currently in the works.

In Release:

Anishinaabe filmmaker Lisa Jackson is at ease in a range of genres and with Biidaaban: First Light, a VR project that premiered at the 2018 Tribeca Festival in April, she collaborated with artist Mathew Borrett to conjure up a futuristic Toronto, recast in light of its original Indigenous languages and knowledge. A mentoring director with the NSI’s IndigiDocs Program, Jackson won the Alanis Obomsawin Best Documentary award at imagineNATIVE 2017 with Indictment: The Crimes of Shelly Chartier, co-directed with Shane Belcourt. Produced by Rob McLaughlin and Dana Dansereau at the Digital Studio.

In Production:

Addiction has a long and painful legacy in many Indigenous communities, a legacy rooted in Canada’s colonial history.  Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers’ feature doc Kiimaapiipitsin is an honest and unconditional love letter to her people, the Kanai First Nation in Alberta, past, present, and future.  Opiates and alcohol have had a devastating impact on the community and Kiimaapiipitsin presents a portrait of a people who are actively seeking radically new solutions to an old problem. What would happen if Indigenous communities were to implement harm reduction models? As Elle-Máijá’s mother, Dr. Esther Tailfeathers says, “Kiimaapiipitsin means ‘to take care of each other’. This is our harm reduction.” In production at the North West Studio. David Christensen is producing.

 When the Winnipeg Aqueduct was completed it 1919, it allowed water to be carried from Shoal Lake to the growing city. But its construction has lead to decades of hardship for the people of the Shoal Lake 40 First Nation, culminating in their isolation on an artificial island, where inhabitants have been under a boil-water advisory for nearly 20 years. Having lobbied long and hard for a road, the people of SL40 are now preparing for big changes. With Freedom Road, a series of shorts currently in production at the North West Studio, hometown filmmaker and activist Angelina McLeod is documenting the process from the inside. Alicia Smith is producing.

A co-production between Toronto’s 90th Parallel Productions and the NFB Ontario Studio, The Inconvenient Indian is being directed by Métis/Algonquin filmmaker and activist Michelle Latimer, whose many credits include Nuuca, which she co-produced through own company Streel Film and Field of Vision, with Laura Poitras and Charlotte Cook as fellow executive producers; and Nimmikaage (She Dances for People), an inventive mashup crafted from NFB archival footage. “Michelle was coming off Rise, a groundbreaking series on Indigenous activism around the world,” says NFB producer Justine Pimlott, “and we all agreed she’d be perfect for this project.” Jesse Wente, recently appointed director of Canada’s newly established Indigenous Screen Office, is creative producer. Stuart Henderson is producing for 90th Parallel, with Gordon Henderson as executive producer.

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The all too brief life of Jordan River Anderson has inspired new work from Alanis Obomsawin, the 52nd film in an extraordinary career that has paved the way for Indigenous filmmakers in Canada and around the world. Born with a genetic disorder, Anderson was forced to spend his entire life inside a hospital, denied the right to live at home in the Norway House Cree Nation because of jurisdictional bickering between federal and provincial authorities over the costs of the specialized equipment needed for him to live at home. His life and legacy sparked a movement called Jordan’s Principle and child-first legislation aimed at ensuring equitable access to treatment and support for First Nations children and their families. With this film Obomsawin continues her cycle on children’s’ rights, a series that includes We Can’t Make the Same Mistake Twice (2016) and Our People Will Be Healed (2017). Obomsawin is directing and producing.

Délia Gunn and Évelyne Papatie, two young Anishnabe directors who’ve made award-winning films through the Wapikoni mobile studio, are creating short work for web distribution as part of Le projet des 5 courts. A partnership between the Val-d’Or-based 08 Cinéma indépendant (Serge Bordeleau, producer) and the NFB (Colette Loumède and Nathalie Cloutier, producers).

Born and raised in La Ronge, Saskatchewan, Janine Windolph grew up eating food from the land but her move to the city introduced a southern diet of processed food. With After the Thaw, the Atikemak-Woodland Cree/German artist and educator brings her two sons north to learn traditional life-sustaining skills — hunting, fishing and foraging — from their grandmother who has herself recently returned to the land. Jon Montes is producing.

Only recently rediscovered in the NFB vaults, the short film Loon Lake was produced by the historic Indian Film Crew, the NFB’s first all-Indigenous production unit, formed in 1968 within the framework of Challenge for Change. With Loon River, in production at the North West Studio, the Cree/Lakota filmmaker/producer Cory Generoux returns to the community to give the film its first public screening in fifty years. David Christensen is producing.

Cree filmmaker/academic Tasha Hubbard turns her gaze on the death of Colten Boushie and subsequent acquittal of Gerald Stanley, and the history of Treaty 6 Territory in Life and Death of the Prairies, currently in production at the North West Studio. Birth of a Family, her remarkable reparative film on the Sixties Scoop, made in collaboration with journalist Betty Ann Adam, premiered at Hot Docs in 2017 and won a Special Jury Prize at imagineNative. Jon Montes is producing in co-production with Downstream Documentary Productions.

In Development:

With My Brother’s Story, in development at the BC & Yukon Studio, veteran Cree/Métis filmmaker Loretta Todd is tracing the trajectory of a fractured sibling bond against the backdrop of modern Indigenous history. The winner of several Lifetime Achievement Awards, Todd has created distinctive documentary work like Hands of History (1994) and Kainayssini Imanistaisiwa: The People Go On (2003). Selwyn Jacob is producing.

With Nin, auass/ Moi, L’enfant, a feature doc in development in the French Documentary Studio, Abenaki director Kim Obomsawin is charting twelve months in the lives of four young people from different Indigenous community. Key inspiration is Nicolas Philibert’s 2012 feature doc Être et avoir, a beautifully observed film of life in a rural French school. Colette Loumède is producing. Obomsawin’s credits include Ce silence qui tue, a 2018 release from the Indigenous-run Wabanok Productions that challenges official indifference to the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women. 

Also at the BC & Yukon Studio, Chris Auchter is revisiting a pivotal event in his community’s history, retrieving footage shot for a 1969 documentary entitled This Was the Time in order to retell the story from a Haida perspective. The film centres on a watershed moment in Haida Masset where for the first time after more than half a century of colonial suppression, a totem pole was carved and raised in the context of a potlatch ceremony. The carver featured in the film is a young Robert Davidson, today a globally renowned artist. “There’s so much positive change that can be credited to that event,” says the Haida Gwaii-born Auchter, whose most recent work The Mountain of SGaana was named Best Film for Young Audiences at the 2017 Ottawa International Animation Festival. Selwyn Jacob is producing. 

A multidisciplinary creation lab initiated by Michèle Bélanger and housed in French Program, Déranger invites Indigenous artists to create work that both disrupts and enhances public space. The Montreal incarnation, mounted in collaboration with the Oboro Centre and Wapikoni, gave birth to the immersive installation Kushapetshekan/Kosapitcikan, exhibited earlier this year at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Déranger now moves to Winnipeg where the NFB is partnering with On Screen Manitoba and Video Pool.

At a time when Indigenous women were arguably the most disenfranchised members of Canadian society, Mary Two-Axe Earley, pictured below, fearlessly took on the nation’s most powerful political figures, determined to secure basic rights for Indigenous women and children. Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) filmmaker Courtney Montour, who also hails from Kahnawake — the town where Mary had to fight for the right to be buried — is currently in development in the Quebec & Atlantic Studio on a documentary investigation of Two-Axe’s life and legacy. Kat Baulu is producing.

 “As Inuit we’re not frightened to mix things up,” says Elisapie Isaac, a musician and filmmaker whose credits include the lyrical NFB release If the Weather Permits. “We have a very eclectic culture; not one that holds us back but rather a culture in transition.” For her latest project Runaway Girl, in development at the French-language animation studio, she has teamed up with renowned visual artist Marc Séguin. Marc Bertrand is producing.

Also in the works in French Animation Studio is Symphonie d’une attaque nordique, a futuristic short in which Caroline Monnet imagines the Indigenous Peoples of the North uniting against a supernatural invading army. A visual artist of Algonquin ancestry who has exhibited around the globe, Monet made the exhilarating archive-based short Mobilize for the NFB Souvenir Series. “I want to speak about a people moving forward, a people who are mobilizing themselves,” she says of that film. Julie Roy is producing.

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Métis filmmaker Cara Mumford harnesses the narrative potential of interactive technologies with Red Card, a futurist web-based game in development in the NFB Digital Studio. Continuing an exploration she began with the short film Red Card World: The Tree, she evokes the collapse of western society, a scenario where Indigenous communities offer survival with life-saving ‘supertrees.’ Red Card was the winner of the NFB/imagineNATIVE’s 2016 interactive partnership program. Produced by Dana Dansereau.

With Meneath (Island), an AR project in development in the Animation Studio, Métis artist Terril Calder is exploring the seven deadly sins of Christianity alongside the seven sacred lessons of Indigenous knowledge. Calder’s work has received Honorable Mentions at Sundance and the Berlinale, and her animated short Choke, co-created with Michelle Latimer, made TIFF’s top ten list in 2011. She was the recipient of the 2016 Ontario Arts Council’s K.M Hunter Media Arts Award. Produced by Jelena Popović.

Amanda Strong’s inventive animation has drawn comparisons to Tim Burton, and when Alanis Obomsawin was given the Toronto Film Critics’ 2016 Clyde Gilmour Technicolor Award, she was so impressed by Strong’s extraordinary short Four Faces of the Moon that she bequeathed the cash prize to the Vancouver-based filmmaker, acknowledging Strong’s vital contribution to contemporary Indigenous cinema. Strong is currently developing Wheetago War, based on a cannibal story by Tłı̨chǫ writer Richard Van Camp, in the English Animation Studio. Produced by Maral Mohammadian. Below: Amanda Strong with Alanis Obomsawin and Jesse Wente, Director of the Indigenous Screen Office, at 2017 Toronto Film Critics gala, photo courtesy of anishinabeknews.ca

Indigenous Cinema: Free streaming of over 200 titles

Since 1968 the NFB has produced close to 300 titles by First Nations, Métis and Inuit directors from across Canada. Over 200 of these titles are available on Indigenous Cinema, an online platform launched earlier this year. The curated collection includes trailblazing historic films like Willie Dunn’s The Ballad of Crowfoot, the first film made by the Indian Film Crew, alongside landmark docs like Alanis Obomsawin’s Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistances and a host of new titles.

In honour of June 21, National Indigenous Peoples Day, the new platform is showcasing Kanehsatake as well as a quartet of recent releases: Tasha Hubbard’s Birth of a Family, Louise BigEagle’s To Wake Up the Lakota Language along with Marie Clements’ stirring musical doc The Road Forward and Chris Auchter’s animation hit.

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Visit Beyond 94, a site created by the Indigenous Unit at the CBC, to get a sense of the progress Canadians have made – and the work we still need to do – in meeting the TRC’s 94 calls to action.

Banner image: Wave a Red Flag, directed by Adam Garnet Jones.

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