#Viewcraig Gardens

[scotianostra]

On 26th March 1797, James Hutton, the Scottish chemist and geologist, died.

Farmer and naturalist James Hutton is credited with being the founder of modern geology. The first to determine that the Earth is millions of years old, Hutton believed our planet is continually being formed. James Hutton was born in Edinburgh in 1726. He went on to study medicine and chemistry at Edinburgh University, and in Paris and Leiden. He took his degree in 1749.

In 1750 he returned to Edinburgh and resumed chemical experiments with friend James Davie. Their work on the production of sal ammoniac – a salt used for dying and working with brass and tin – led to a profitable partnership. Hutton moved to Slighhouses, a lowland family farm, in the 1750s. He spent 14 years running the farm. This gave him an interest in how land changed with the forces of wind and rain.

In 1753 Hutton became interested in studying the surface of the earth. He went on to devote his scientific knowledge, powers of observation and philosophical mind to the newly-named subject of ‘geology’.

Hutton went on a geological tour of the north of Scotland with George Maxwell-Clerk (the great-grandfather of the famous physicist James ) in 1764. He let his farms to tenants in 1768 and returned to Edinburgh. Between 1767 and 1774 he was closely involved with the construction of the Forth and Clyde canal.

Travels in Britain and abroad, as well as a time farming in Berwickshire, gave Hutton the opportunity to observe different rocks. He was intrigued to find fossilised shells high above sea level, and puzzled over other geological features. Hutton’s thinking was then influenced by reading about Joseph Black’s experiments with heated limestone, and by the proof of the power of heat demonstrated by James Watt’s steam engines. Hutton began considering the centre of the Earth as a massive heat source, where continuous processes destroy and reform rocks — the 'uniformitarian’ theory of geology. That led to his belief that the Earth was millions of years old.

Other scientists and philosophers vehemently disagreed with him. Many of these were 'catastrophists’ who believed that changes in geology happened as a result of natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions or floods. The debate continued for several decades during the 19th century, until finally geologists became reconciled to Hutton’s theory.

In 1785 Hutton presented his findings to the newly formed Royal Society of Edinburgh. He died on 26 March 1797 and was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in Edinburgh in the part of the graveyard known as the “Covenanters Prison”

Five years after Hutton’s death, mathematician John Playfair published 'Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth’. This volume contained a summary of Hutton’s 'Theory of the Earth’ alongside numerous additional illustrations and arguments.

In a poll, James Hutton was voted the seventh most popular Scottish scientist from the past. It is remarkable that men like Hutton , David Hume, Adam Smith, Dugald Stewart, Thomas Reid, and countless others all came out of Scotland in the same era, all within less than a hundred year period, their thoughts and works were spread throughout an ever growing world as part of the Scottish diaspora, the era became known as The Scottish Enlightenment.

Pics are of Hutton, the statue is on The Scottish Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh and the James Hutton Memorial Garden, which I have to admit have never visited, even though I have regularly taken a shortcut through Viewcraig Gardens, where it is situated.

#scotland #scottish #history #farmer #geoligist #chemist

[embraphotos]

Viewcraig Gardens, EH8

#Viewcraig Gardens #Dumbiedykes #Edinburgh #Scotland #United Kingdom #Street Photography #Photographers on Tumblr #Original Photographers #2019

[the-liam-boyd-film-project-blog]

ARTIST’S AGREEMENT

  DATED:                The                                         day of                                                    200[]

 BETWEEN:

 1.            Liam Boyd of Edinburgh Napier film BA of

13 Viewcraig Garden EH8 9UL]

 (the “Producer” which expression shall be deemed to include its successors in title and assigns);

                 and

 2.            [Artist’s Name] of

[address]

 (“Artist”)

 WHEREAS:

 (A)       Producer intends to produce a short film provisionally entitled “[                GLA]” (the “Film”) based on a script by [Matthew Cairns].

 (B)       The Producer has engaged Artist to provide certain acting services (the “Services”) (all as more particularly set out in Schedule 1 hereof) in relation to the Film.

 IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

 1.         In consideration of the Producer’s paying to the Artist the Fee (as defined in Schedule 1), Artist hereby:

            (i) undertakes to perform the Services to the best of Artist’s skill and ability; and

            ii) with full title guarantee assigns to the Producer absolutely (and where relevant by way of a present assignment of future copyright) the entire copyright and all other rights of whatsoever nature whether vested, future or contingent in the products of the Services including, without limitation, all performances and literary, dramatic, artistic and musical material contributed by the Artist, if any, to the throughout the universe for the full period of copyright whenever subsisting and all renewals, revivals, reversions, reinstatements and extensions thereof and after that, so far as possible in perpetuity. Artist hereby confirms that the remuneration paid to Artist hereunder includes equitable remuneration for all lending and rental rights and satellite and cable re-transmission rights granted (if any) and shall constitute a complete buy-out of all rights in all media throughout the world in perpetuity.

 2.              Without prejudice to the above Artist hereby grants and assigns to the Producer (i) all consents required pursuant to Part II of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended) (the “Act”) and any other laws now or in future in force, which are or may be required for the exploitation of the Artist’s performance and Services in any and all media and by any and all means whether now known or hereafter devised throughout the universe (including without limitation by means of the Film and all records and other sound and/or audio visual devices in whatsoever format) for the full period of copyright and (ii) all renewals and extensions thereof and thereafter (insofar as may be or become possible) in perpetuity.

 3.              Artist recognises that the Producer has the unlimited right to edit, copy, alter, translate, add to, take from and/or adapt the Services and the Film and hereby waives all rights in and to the products of the Services, the Film or the Script to which he/she is now or may in future be entitled pursuant to Sections 77-85 of the Act and any claims of any kind whatsoever with respect to “moral rights” and author’s rights and rights of a similar nature under the laws of any jurisdiction whether now existing or hereinafter conferred.

 4.           All rights granted under this agreement shall be irrevocable under any and all circumstances and shall not be subject to reversion rescission or termination. Artist further acknowledges that any application to enjoin, restrict or restrain the exploitation of the Film, the products of Artist’s Services, the Script and/or any of the rights granted hereunder (or any other such equitable relief in respect of such rights and properties) would be excessively damaging to the Film and the Producer’s and third party’s interests therein. Consequently, Artist hereby agrees not to apply for any such relief and accepts that an action in law for the recovery of damages actually suffered by Artist will provide a full and appropriate remedy for any loss or damage suffered by the Artist as a result of any breach of this Agreement by the Producer.

 5.         The Artist shall:

 (i)                  perform the Services and, in connection with the Film, render the Artist’s services conscientiously and in a competent manner and to the full limit of the Artist’s technical, artistic and creative skill as, where and in willing co-operation with such persons as the Producer may require;

(ii)                promptly and faithfully company with all directions, requests, rules and regulations of the Producer;

(iii)              obtain knowledge of and comply with all rules and regulations for the time being in force at such places as the Film is shot, recorded or edited;

(iv)               not without the written consent of the Producer order goods nor incur any liability nor enter into any commitment, contact or arrangement on the Producer’s behalf nor pledge the credit of the Producer nor hold him/herself out as being entitled to do so; and

(v)                on completion of the engagement, deliver to the Producer all documents and materials of whatsoever kind or nature relating to the Film prepared by the Artist or coming into the Artist’s possession.

 6.         Artist hereby warrants and undertakes to Producer that:

              (a)         the Artist is free to enter into this Agreement and to grant to the Producer all rights and consents granted herein;

              (b)         the Artist has not entered into and shall not enter into any agreement or arrangement which would conflict with the terms hereof;

              (c)         the Artist is a “qualifying person” within the meaning of Part 1 of the Act;

              (d)         the Artist shall not at any time commit any act which shall prejudice or damage the reputation of the Producer or the exploitation of the Film or bring the Producer, the Artist or the Film into public disrepute, Artist will not pledge to the credit of the Producer or disclose or supply any information relating to the Film or the Producer or the affairs of the Producer to any third party save for Artist’s professional advisors or information which is of a non-confidential nature;

              (e)         the Artist will execute or perform at the Producer’s expense any such additional documents or actions as may be reasonably requested of Artist to confirm the assignment hereunder and if Artist fails to do so within 14 (fourteen) days of the Producer requesting the same, Artist hereby irrevocably authorises the Producer to execute such document/s and take such actions in the name and on behalf of Artist as his authorised attorney;

              (f)          the Artist will comply with all rules and regulations in force wherever Artists is required to perform the Services; and

              (g)         the Artist will maintain state of health suitable for performance of Artist’s Services.

 7.         Artist agrees to indemnify and otherwise hold the Producer free and harmless from and against all liabilities claims demands damages and costs arising out of or resulting from any breach by Artist of any warranties responsibilities terms or conditions of this Agreement.

 8.          The benefit of this Agreement may be assigned by the Producer to any other third party provided however that the Producer shall remain liable to Artist for any of the Producer’s obligations hereunder.

 9.         Producer hereby undertakes to provide the Artist with a credit substantially in the form [   **                                              ] on all positive copies of the Film. Artist acknowledges that the size placing and duration of the credit shall be at the sole discretion of the Producer and that inadvertent failure by the Producer and/or any of its distributors or agents shall not be considered a breach of this Agreement.

 10.       Producer shall be under no obligation to exploit or exhibit the Film or the products of the Services and the Artist hereby releases the Producer from any such obligation. For the avoidance of doubt, such release shall include a release of all claims (if any) that the Artist may be entitled to make against the Producer in respect of any opportunity to enhance the Artist’s reputation.

 11.          The Artist grants to the Producer the right to and to authorise others to issue publicity concerning the Artist’s services in connection with the Film and to use the Artist’s name, likeness and biography and the Services in connection with the exploitation of the Film and/or the advertising, publicising, and/or the promotion of the Film and/or the financiers and/or the distributors of the Film but so that, without the Artist’s prior written consent, such use shall not suggest that the Artist endorses, recommends or uses any commercial products or services other than the Film and or the said financiers and/or distributors.  

 12.       The Producer may terminate this Agreement immediately by giving notice to the Artist in the event that the Artist commits any material breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and fails to remedy that breach (if capable of remedy) within thirty (30) days after receiving notice from the Producer giving full particulars of the breach and requiring it to be remedied.  

 13.       This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter hereof and supersedes any other agreements between the Producer and the Artist in respect of the subject matter hereof and the parties acknowledge that no terms obligations representations promises or conditions, oral or written express or implied have been made other than those relied upon herein.

 14.       The Schedules attached to this Agreement shall form part of this Agreement and are incorporated herein by reference.

 15.       This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with Scottish law and the parties hereto irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Scottish Courts.

__________________________________________________________________________________

SCHEDULE 1

 Details of the Services and the Daily Rate (if any)

(which for the avoidance of doubt form part of the Artist’s Agreement)

  Artist’s Services shall be provided as follows:

 1.         The role of:                              [                                               ]

 2.         Rehearsal Period:                    [                                               ]

 3.         Shooting Period:                     [                                               ]

 4.         Post-production Period:         [                                               ]

 5.         The Fee: The Daily Rate of £ per day or £ per week during the Shooting Period only, payable weekly in areas.              

 6.         Artist shall provide Artist’s Services on an exclusive first call basis during Shooting Period and non-exclusive basis, subject only to Artist’s prior professional commitments notified to the Producer in writing, at all other times.

 7.         To the extent the Artist’s Services are subject to the provisions of the European Working Time Directive (1993/104/EC) (the “Directive”) and/or the Working Time Regulations 1998 (“the Regulations”) the Artist agrees that for the duration of the Services, the Artist will work such hours as are necessary to fulfil the Artist’s obligations hereunder.

 8.         Artist will perform the Services as and where required by the Producer, willingly and to the best of Artist’s skill and ability and subject to the Producer’s (or Producer’s representative’s) direction.

___________________________________________________________________________________

 AS WITNESS the hands of the parties hereto the day and year first above written

    ..........................................

For and on behalf of

The Producer

 Liam Boyd

  ...........................................

[embraphotos]

Viewcraig Gardens, EH8

#Viewcraig Gardens #Dumbiedykes #Edinburgh #Scotland #United Kingdom #Street Photography #Photographers on Tumblr #Original Photographers #2019

[scotianostra]

On 26th March 1797, James Hutton, the Scottish chemist and geologist, died.

Farmer and naturalist James Hutton is credited with being the founder of modern geology. The first to determine that the Earth is millions of years old, Hutton believed our planet is continually being formed. James Hutton was born in Edinburgh in 1726. He went on to study medicine and chemistry at Edinburgh University, and in Paris and Leiden. He took his degree in 1749.

In 1750 he returned to Edinburgh and resumed chemical experiments with friend James Davie. Their work on the production of sal ammoniac – a salt used for dying and working with brass and tin – led to a profitable partnership.Hutton moved to Slighhouses, a lowland family farm, in the 1750s. He spent 14 years running the farm. This gave him an interest in how land changed with the forces of wind and rain.

In 1753 Hutton became interested in studying the surface of the earth. He went on to devote his scientific knowledge, powers of observation and philosophical mind to the newly-named subject of ‘geology’.

Hutton went on a geological tour of the north of Scotland with George Maxwell-Clerk (the great-grandfather of the famous physicist James ) in 1764. He let his farms to tenants in 1768 and returned to Edinburgh. Between 1767 and 1774 he was closely involved with the construction of the Forth and Clyde canal.

Travels in Britain and abroad, as well as a time farming in Berwickshire, gave Hutton the opportunity to observe different rocks. He was intrigued to find fossilised shells high above sea level, and puzzled over other geological features. Hutton’s thinking was then influenced by reading about Joseph Black’s experiments with heated limestone, and by the proof of the power of heat demonstrated by James Watt’s steam engines. Hutton began considering the centre of the Earth as a massive heat source, where continuous processes destroy and reform rocks — the 'uniformitarian’ theory of geology. That led to his belief that the Earth was millions of years old.

Other scientists and philosophers vehemently disagreed with him. Many of these were 'catastrophists’ who believed that changes in geology happened as a result of natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions or floods. The debate continued for several decades during the 19th century, until finally geologists became reconciled to Hutton’s theory.

In 1785 Hutton presented his findings to the newly formed Royal Society of Edinburgh. He died on 26 March 1797 and was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in Edinburgh in the part of the graveyard known as the “Covenanters Prison” Five years after Hutton’s death, mathematician John Playfair published 'Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth’. This volume contained a summary of Hutton’s 'Theory of the Earth’ alongside numerous additional illustrations and arguments.

In a poll, James Hutton was voted the seventh most popular Scottish scientist from the past. It is remarkable that men like Hutton , David Hume, Adam Smith, Dugald Stewart, Thomas Reid, and countless others all came out of Scotland in the same era, all within less than a hundred year period, their thoughts and works were spread throughout an ever growing world as part of the Scottish diaspora, the era became known as The Scottish Enlightenment.

Pics are of Hutton, the statue is on The Scottish Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh and the James Hutton Memorial Garden, which I have to admit have never visited, even though I have regularly taken a shortcut through Viewcraig Gardens, where it is situated.

#Scotland #scottish #geologist #farmer #the scottish enlightenment #history