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aboutanancientenquiry · 7 months

Text

"Chronique des activités scientifiques

Revue des livres

Comptes rendus et notices bibliographiques

Le Polythéisme grec à l’épreuve d’Hérodote

Theodora Suk Fong Jim

p. 290-293

Référence(s) :

Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, Le Polythéisme grec à l’épreuve d’Hérodote, Paris, Les Belles Lettres / Collège de France, 2020. 1 vol. 13,5 × 21 cm, 251 p. (Docet Omnia, 6). ISBN : 978-3-515-12809-4.

Texte intégral

1 The last half century has seen a dazzling array of new approaches in the study of Greek polytheism. Moving away from a polis-centred model into which every student of Greek religion was once initiated, scholars have now advocated alternative frameworks ranging from ‘personal’ and ‘lived’ religion, to ‘network’ analyses, comparative perspectives, and the application of cognitive theories. Pirenne-Delforge’s latest book is a nuanced response to recent shifts in scholarly trends, and a critical reflection on current debates on the character of Greek polytheism. While revisiting old issues central and fundamental to the study of Greek religion, it offers a whole host of new insights into the analysis of Greek gods, the tension between unity and diversity, and the choice of conceptual tools by ancient historians.

2 The author confronts the thorny question of terminology from the outset: can we speak of Greek ‘religion’ when studying the ancient Mediterranean? Carefully tracing the history of the terms ‘religion’ and ‘polytheism’, she demonstrates that neither represents the ancient Greeks’ own use of word, and that their subsequent use is closely bound up with Christian polemics. Nevertheless, she reminds us, in historians’ attempt to avoid or get rid of terms with Christian associations, not only will we leave ourselves with no interpretive tool, we will also be perpetuating, consciously or unconsciously, the prejudice that Christianity is the true religion. In fact this ‘purge’ in terminology can go on: what about ‘religious’, ‘piety’, ‘thanks-giving’, ‘miracle’, and so on? Whether or not modern historians can give credence to the relations between the ancient Greeks and their gods, what is important is that they are recognized by the Greeks themselves. The definition of ‘religion’ chosen by the author aptly emphasizes this: its key element consists in ‘les relations avec la sphère supra-humaine dont cette culture postule l’existence’ (p. 55).

3 A central issue threaded through the whole book is the constant, and seemingly unreconcilable, tension between unity and diversity, the general and the particular, inherent in Greek polytheism. The question of ‘one or many’ has attracted scholarly attention in recent theoretical analyses of Greek cult epithets: to what extent is Zeus Meilichios the same as Zeus Ktesios? How much difference is there between the innumerable Zeuses bearing different epithets? Pirenne-Delforge shows, significantly, that the plurality (poly-) in the word ‘polytheism’ is not restricted to divine figures but is manifest at every level of Greek religion, from sacrificial and other ritual practices, to cult places and sanctuaries, divine names and epithets, and conceptions of the divine: these might vary between different levels of organization (Panhellenic, regional, polis, sub-polis, and so on), from place to place, from one individual to another, and across different time periods. So overwhelmingly diverse is every aspect of Greek polytheism that the singular ‘religion��, one may object, can hardly capture its diversity. Pirenne-Delforge categorically emphasizes the plurality and multiplicity inherent in Greek polytheism on the one hand, but on the other reaffirms the value and validity of Greek ‘religion’ in the singular. To speak of Greek ‘religion’ (rather than ‘religions’), in her view, is not to obscure or obliterate the bewildering plurality in Greek polytheism, but to recognize that ‘une certaine unité sous-tend les relations que les Grecs entretenaient avec leurs dieux’ (p. 95).

4 To demonstrate that this unity is not a construct invented by the historian, Pirenne-Delforge puts her arguments to the test by using Herodotus, who best documents the diversity of religious customs (nomoi) across and within ancient Mediterranean cultures. Close analysis of his Histories and other sources reveals that ‘Greek gods’ and ‘Greek sacrifice’ existed in the ancient Greeks’ own representation of theia pragmata. Such categories tend to lie ‘dormant’ in the Greeks’ perception of religious matters, but come to the surface when a contrast is made with non-Greek phenomena or in a foreign milieu. A question nevertheless remains: in the absence of a centralized religious authority, what gives unity to Greek polytheism? How far can regional, local, and personal variations go before any element loses its ‘Greekness’? Other eminent scholars have conceptualized aspects of this tension using the symbolism of a concertina (capable of expansion and contraction) or kaleidoscope (capable of changing from one to many varied visions),1 whereas Pirenne-Delforge stresses that both unity and diversity are constitutive of our understanding of Greek polytheism, and have to be studied together at every level of analysis. These two forces, the unifying and diversifying, the centripetal and centrifugal,2 hold each other in check, so that there was a limit to how far variations could go.

5 The analysis of the Greek gods has undergone various important shifts in paradigms over the last few decades. The ‘structuralist’ approach associated with Vernant and Detienne emphasizes that Greek gods were divine powers rather than persons, and that they need to be defined in relation to other powers in the pantheon. Versnel in Coping with the Gods (2011) is similarly preoccupied with the question of ‘one or many’, but he is anti-structuralist in stressing the inconsistencies in the Greeks’ perception of the gods and their ability to entertain multiple conceptions of a divine figure. Pirenne-Delforge’s present volume builds on what one might call the ‘neo-structuralist’ approach which she has developed in collaboration with Pironti. While recognizing the anthropomorphic tendencies in the Greeks’ perception of their gods, she follows Vernant in stressing that a god is not a ‘person’, but a divine power with a broad spectrum of competences (technai). Despite the potential plurality of each divine figure, she argues, ‘quelque chose de stable paraît transcender la polyonymie de chaque figure divine’ (p. 128). She uses the symbolism of a ‘network’ (réseau) to capture the dynamic powers and different attributes of each god. Nevertheless, it is unclear if the concept of a network necessarily leads to ‘quelque chose de stable’: all that it emphasizes is the interconnected nature of a god’s different powers, but that was already the assumption underlying what Parker calls the ‘snowball theory’ of polytheism.3

6 After almost two decades of lively debates on the relevance of ‘belief’ in the study of Greek polytheism, most historians now recognize that ‘belief’ existed among the Greeks in a broad sense without Christian overtones, that a plurality of different ‘beliefs’ coexisted, and that ‘belief’ is indispensable in making sense of the Greeks’ relations with their gods. Nevertheless, beyond these broad consensuses, progress in the investigation of ‘belief’ seems to have reached an impasse. Pirenne-Delforge takes the subject further by taking a fresh look at the closest Greek equivalent nomizein. The two aspects of its meaning—the ritualistic sense of ‘to practice and observe as a custom’, and the cognitive sense of ‘to believe’, ‘to recognize as gods’—have often been considered separately, whereas Pirenne-Delforge emphasizes that they are two sides of the same coin. To recognize a certain figure as god, in her view, implies a whole series of rituals and cultic actions rendered to the god concerned, and therefore nomizein tous theous in effect means to integrate the gods in the nomoi of the society. The cognitive recognition of a god in one’s mental sphere is expressed in religious customs, and so we should no longer prioritize ritual as primary or more important than belief. Even for phenomena such as divination and sacrifice, which seem manifestly ritualistic, Pirenne-Delforge demonstrates that these practices are in fact closely linked with the Greeks’ representation of the gods.

7 Other key issues arising from the book include the relations between gods in literature and gods in lived religion, the boundary between ‘public’ and ‘private’ religion, and the relations between the Panhellenic and the local. Each side of these dichotomies tends to form a separate object of analysis in existing studies and is rarely brought together or considered on the same plane in any given analysis. Yet Pirenne-Delforge almost effortlessly brings together different aspects, reminding us that the boundary in these polarities is fluid, permeable, and often ill-defined. In fact hardly any phenomenon in Greek religion can be studied solely from the perspective of either the polis or the individual, the literary or the cultic, the general or the particular, when both aspects are complementary to each other.

8 Forcefully argued and remarkably well-informed, this profoundly thoughtful book beautifully brings together a great deal of valuable insights and an impressive amount of learning resulting from many years of reflection on this subject. It challenges future generations of students and scholars in Greek religion to aspire to a new standard: to study Greek polytheism in its different manifestations and in its totality, and to deploy a multiplicity of perspectives for understanding the complexity of what can justifiably be called Greek religion.

Haut de page

Notes

1 R. Parker, On Greek Religion, Cornell, 2011, p. 87; H. Versnel, Coping with the Gods, Leiden, 2011, p. 212; M.S. Smith, Where the Gods Are, New Haven, 2016, p. 57.

2 E. Kearns, “Archaic and Classical Greek Religion”, in M.A. Aweeney, M.R. Salzman, E. Adler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Religions in the Ancient World, Cambridge, 2013, p. 281–284.

3 R. Parker, On Greek Religion, Cornell, 2011, p. 86.Haut de page

Pour citer cet article

Référence papier

Theodora Suk Fong Jim, « Le Polythéisme grec à l’épreuve d’Hérodote », Kernos, 34 | 2021, 290-293.

Référence électronique

Theodora Suk Fong Jim, « Le Polythéisme grec à l’épreuve d’Hérodote », Kernos [En ligne], 34 | 2021, mis en ligne le 31 décembre 2021, consulté le 03 octobre 2023. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/3913 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/kernos.3913Haut de page

Auteur

Theodora Suk Fong Jim

University of Nottingham

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#herodotus #ancient religions #vinciane pirenne delforge #theodora suk fong jim

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thelongesttumble · 5 months

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Oh man here I come to talk about my comic collection again l lol. I got a lot of books this past weekend at a convention so I figured I'd share my haul

To start off, we have some issues of Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1

I was able to snag issue 70 (iconic cover) for $40, and it's in what I would consider to be a 3.0-4.0 condition and I'm really happy about that. I also got issues 254, 277, 279, and 290.

Next up we got some issues from Green Lantern Vol. 2

I was lucky enough to get issues 8, 43 (first appearance of Major Disaster), 50, and 62 all for $90! I also got issues 77, 90 (iconic cover), 109, 116, 141, 196 (iconic cover as well), and 197.

Afterwards we have 18 issues of Green Lantern Vol 3.

I got issue 46, which is pretty important considering this is right when Hal's downward spiral would begin (as it starts in Superman #80). I also have issues 54 and 55, which are important to me because they're issues done by Darryl Banks, the main artist I'm collecting right now. From there, we have issues 71-72, 165-172, 174-176, and 178-179.

And finally, we have some other Green Lantern issues that I picked up along the way.

I'm really happy that I found Green Lantern: Emerald Dawn #6 in the wild. I have all of Emerald Dawn II and now to have one of my favorite GL covers is really cool to me.

I wasn't aware about DC Special until I got issue 17, which was honestly a purchase I made just because it was GL related haha.

And finally we have Green Lantern Vol. 4 #1. This is an issue I've been hunting for a while and I'm glad I finally have it! Vol. 4 was my introduction to GL so it means a lot to me to have the first issue :)

But yeah those are my new books! Hopefully this sparks people to share their hauls as well!!

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ravensvirginity · 1 year

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do you perhaps have a raven reading list?

I've never made a reading list before, but I can give some recommendations!

I think the most important thing to read for Raven is New Teen Titans vol 1 and 2 (with Tales of the Teen Titans acting as a bridge between these too, this post explains the reading order). The beginning of New Titans is okay, but there isn't really any point in reading Titans Hunt and beyond.

I also have this post with some random non NTT issues NTT Raven shows up in. (I also learned since making that post that she was in Wonder Woman 1942 290-293, but honestly those issues weren't very good and I wouldn't really recommend.)

Teen Titans: Earth One is also good!! Raven there is very different from NTT Raven, but it's a fun story.

#raven #raven ask #raven resources #if you have any more questions dont hesitate to ask!!!

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mouthingfuckyouforever · 1 year

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I posted 3,249 times in 2022

140 posts created (4%)

3,109 posts reblogged (96%)

Blogs I reblogged the most:

@lunesta-rose

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I tagged 290 of my posts in 2022

#stranger things - 38 posts

#taylor swift - 38 posts

#taylor swift midnights - 21 posts

#stranger things 4 - 20 posts

#stranger things spoilers - 19 posts

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#eddie munson - 13 posts

#stranger things 4 vol 2 - 12 posts

#thor love and thunder - 9 posts

#thor love and thunder spoilers - 8 posts

Longest Tag: 125 characters

#i would much rather watch a show that was produced ethically than one where the crew and cast were put in dangerous situation

My Top Posts in 2022:

The "fuck the queen" chant at tonight's show was just 🤌

39 notes - Posted May 25, 2022

Thor: love and thunder spoilers without context

See the full post

53 notes - Posted July 7, 2022

I wouldn't even be mad about mileven if they had written it differently. Like its honestly a cute ship but don't use the gay characters feelings to develop the straight relationship.

74 notes - Posted July 1, 2022

So the gays really can't have anything huh???

541 notes - Posted July 1, 2022

My #1 post of 2022

Me explaining to my friends how the cw went bankrupt all because they wouldn't let a gay angel kiss a bisexual demon hunter

3,630 notes - Posted January 7, 2022

Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →

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ahlulbaytnetworks · 1 year

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🔥🔥They walked to the house of Ali (peace be upon him) and they resolved to burn the house with whoever was in it (1).

▪️Ubayy bin Ka’b said: So, we heard the neighing of horses, the clanking of bridles, and the clatter of arrowheads, so we came out of our homes, wrapping our clothes around us, with the people, until they reached the house of Ali (peace be upon him) (2).

▪️Fatima (peace be upon her) was sitting behind the door, her head was wrapped around with a bondage and her body had become very thin after the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his family (3).

▪️When she saw them, she closed the door in their faces, not doubting that they would not enter without her permission (4), so they knocked hard on the door (5) and raised their voices...(6)

▪️Omar shouted:

By Allah, you’ll get out to pledge allegiance to the caliph of the Messenger of Allah, or else I’ll set fire to your house!...(7)

(1) Al-Amali Al-Moufid, p.50.

(2) Al-Kawkab al-Dorri, p.‪194-195‬ .

(3) Book of Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilali, p.250.

(4)Tafsir al-Ayyashi, vol.2, p.62.

(5) Bihar al-Anwar, vol.30, p.290.

(6) Al-Shafi for Ibn Hamza, vol.4, p.171.

(7) Book of Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilali, p.83.

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marvelman901 · 2 years

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Mother Night (Susan Scarbo) . Susan Scarbo started out as Suprema before changing her codename to Mother Night and eventually joining the Skeleton Crew... . What do you think about Mother Night? . 1st - 4th slide is from the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe v3 2 (1990) by Keith Pollard and Josef Rubinstein. 5th slide is from Captain America vol 1 290 (1984) by Ron Frenz and Steve Leialoha. 6th slide is from Captain America vol 1 370 (1990) by Ron Lim and Danny Bulanadi. . #captainamerica #mothernight #skeletoncrew #supervillain #90s #80s #ronfrenz #steveleialoha #dannybulanadi #ronlim #marvel https://www.instagram.com/p/CdO1bkLMVag/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

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thedevotionaltour · 23 days

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honestly highly pleased to have all the born again issues. make me smile. i like having complete arcs. my next one i wanna try and complete is 284-290. i don't think i have any single one of those issues yet but i wanna try and hunt for em. double digit vol 1 issues will be a long and slow process so those will be very much over time but there was an issue i reeeeaaaallly wanted at the shop but it was $25 and i do not have that much cash on me rn 💀 debit card please come in soon soon so i can have you by next monday....

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noisynutcrusade · 6 months

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Peter Grill And The Philosopher's Time Vol.1 (Limited Mediabook Edition) [Blu-ray]

Price: (as of – Details) Aspect Ratio ‏ : ‎ 1.78:1, 1.77:1 Product Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 13.6 x 17.1 x 5.2 cm; 290 Grams Manufacturer reference ‏ : ‎ 61682136 Media Format ‏ : ‎ Blu-ray Subtitles: ‏ : ‎ German ASIN ‏ : ‎ B093RTJPN7 Number of discs ‏ : ‎ 1

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internalintestines · 9 months

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what i read in march 2023

poetry

to march - emily dickinson

willow - anna akmatova (trans. jennifer reeser)

i grant you ample leave - george eliot

worm moon - mary oliver

deer on the side of an american highway - devin kelly

reading - a.r ammons

the lady’s yes - elizabeth barret browning

“south of the north, yet north of south, lies the city of a hundred hills” - aaron coleman

the honest tongue - laura da!

why did it - william j harris

thursday - james longenbach

hello - naomi shihab nye

[like a white stone] - anna akhmatova (trans. babette deutsch, avrahm yarmolinsky)

the horse fell off the poem - mahmoud darwish (trans. fady joudah)

a lesson from my father about electricity - monica rico

abell 2218 - eric gamalinda

molly brodak - molly brodak

ancestors wildest dreams - kinsale drake

books

closer baby closer - savannah brown (poetry collection)

i must be living twice - eileen myself (poetry collection, p1-51)

detransition baby - torrey peters

university readings

‘chapter 3: michel foucault: society must be defended’ in portraits of violence, evans and wilson, 2016 (modernism and after)

‘pregnancy: reproductive futures in trans of colour feminism’, micha cárdenas, 2016 (intro to queer studies)

‘the transfeminist manifesto’, in catching a wave: reclaiming feminism for the 21st century, 2003 (intro to queer studies)

‘academy as potentiality’, in A.C.A.D.E.M.Y revolver, irit rogoff, 2006 (intro to queer studies)

chapters 1-2 of ‘borderlands/la frontera’, gloria anzaldúa, 1987 (intro to queer studies)

‘queer intersections: sexuality and gender in migration studies’ in the international migration review vol 40, martin f. manalansan, 2006 (intro to queer studies)

‘deconstructing the filmmakers gaze: an interview with celine sciamma’, cineaste vol 45, garcia, m (intro to queer studies)

‘visual pleasurea and narrative cinema’, laura mulvey (intro to queer studies)

substack

paging dr. lesbian: does the female gaze exist

patti smith: reading a poets poem

perfectly imperfect newsletter: #290 morgan maher

tv dinner: queer advice #55 really serious really quickly

the sushi shop: an ode to bad television and its brightest stars

maybe baby: #138 do you pass the turing test

maybe baby: #140 the art of pandering

cup of stars (carmen maria machado): dear kitty

articles

‘loneliness and me’, claire bushey, financial times, 2020

‘the reading summer: fragments on loneliness’, eve lio, medium, 2021

‘the state of UK prisons and the urgent need for reform’, callum clark, 2022

‘our prisons are a manifest failure. would that be tolerated in any other public system?’, kathleen maltzahn, the guardian, 2019

‘prison art, a dark place where the muse never leaves’, jillian steinhauer, the new york times, 2019

‘why pop art was the first queer art movement’, andy stewart mackay anothermag, 2020

#what i read this month #2023 #read list #march #misc reads

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monriatitans · 11 months

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Liliana Dell'Osso*, Riccardo Dalle Luche, Claudia Carmassi.A New Perspective in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Which Role for Unrecognized Autism Spectrum?. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, Vol. 17, No.2, pp. 436-438, ISSN 1522-4821

Daniel W. Hoover1.The Effects of Psychological Trauma on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Research Review.Rev J Autism Dev Disord (2015) 2:287–299

GUENTER H. SEIDLER* AND FRANK E. WAGNER. Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study.Psychological Medicine, Page 1 of 8. f 2006 Cambridge University Press.

Lamdam, N.H. Horesh, Danny. PTSD and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Co-Morbidity, Gaps in Research, and Potential Shared Mechanisms. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 2018, Vol. 10, No. 3, 290 –299

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aboutanancientenquiry · 1 year

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A 14th century manuscript of Herodotus’ Histories, probably made in the Byzantine city of Mystras

Herodotus (MS Nn.2.34)

This fourteenth-century manuscript is entirely dedicated to the Histories of Herodotus, considered the founding work of history in Western literature. The manuscript is acephalous due to the loss of two quires, and bears the divisions into nine books, conventionally named after the nine Muses. It was borrowed by Richard Porson (1759-1808), who numbered the books and chapters in the upper margin of recto folios or in the text (cf. Cambridge University Archives, Grace Book Lambda, p. 413).

The manuscript has been cited as K since the Gaisford edition (1824), and previously as Askewianus, because it was part of Anthony Askew's collection.

According to Rosén (Teubner edition, 1987), Nn.2.34 is closely related to Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Laur. Plut. 70.3 (siglum A in Herodotus' editions).

Dr Matteo Di Franco

Information about this document

Physical Location: Cambridge University Library

Classmark: MS Nn.2.34

Alternative Identifier(s): Diktyon 12237

Subject(s): Herodotus

Origin Place: Mystras

Date of Creation: late 14th century

Language(s): Greek

Former Owner(s): Askew, Anthony, 1722-1774

Associated Name(s): Richard Porson (1759-1808)

Extent: Codex iii + 212 + i Leaf height: 290 mm, width: 215 mm.

Collation:Quires 1-268 ff. 2r-209v

Material: Western paper, folded in quarto. Watermarks: Circles ( Watermark height: 110 mm, width: 43 mm. ) in the middle of the folio comparable to Briquet, 3205; Bell with cross ( Watermark height: 60 mm, width: 20 mm. ) in the middle of the folio comparable to Briquet, 4007; Star ( Watermark height: 45 mm, width: 45 mm. ) in the middle of the folio comparable to Briquet, 6013; Cutlass ( Watermark height: 92 mm, width: 45 mm. ) in the middle of the folio comparable to Briquet, 5150; Horseshoe ( Watermark height: 40 mm, width: 34 mm. ) in the middle of the folio comparable to Mošin-Tralijc, 3804. The majority of those examples are dated between 1320 and 1385.

Format: Codex

Condition: The folios are yellowed by time and stained. Water stains from ff. 162-192. Mould deposits visible on the right endleaves. Fading of the ink where there is water damage.

Binding:

Script:

Foliation:

Layout: ff. 1r-129v: A single column of 29-33 lines. Written space Written height: 225 mm, width: 158 mm. ff. 130r-210v: A single column of 32-41 lines. Written space Written height: 235 mm, width: 155 mm.

Decoration: Headpieces incorporate the rubrics at the beginning of each book: f. 27v, f. 62r, f. 90v, f. 121r, f. 138r, f. 153vf. 179r, f. 195v. Thick red-ink major initials at the beginning of each book.

Additions:

Provenance:

Origin: The watermark of the paper used indicates that the manuscript was produced in the late 14th century, a dating consistent with the style of scripts. If the identification with Tzyncadyles is correct, perhaps the manuscript was copied in Mystras, where the scribe was active.

Acquisition: After Askew's death, the manuscripts were sold by G. Leigh and J. Sotheby in the auction of his library in 1785. Nn.2.34 was lot 576, and was bought by Richard Farmer for Cambridge University Library. The University of Cambridge general bookplate (engraved by William Jackson in 1706-1707) was added on the pastedown of left cover.

Funding: The Polonsky Foundation

Data Source(s): Description (2019) draws on A catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge, vol. 4 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1861), p. 467-468.

Author(s) of the Record: Matteo Di Franco

Bibliography:Hemmerdinger, Bertrand, Les manuscrits d'Hérodote et la critique verbale, Pubblicazioni dell'Istituto di filologia classica e medievale dell'Università di Genova 72 (Genova: Istituto di filologia classica e medievale, 1981).Reeve, M.D., "Review of Les manuscrits d'Hérodote et la critique verbale by B. Hemmerdinger", Phoenix 39 3 287-289 (1985).McKitterick, David, Cambridge University Library: a history, 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) 2: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Easterling, Patricia E., "From Britain to Byzantium: the study of Greek manuscripts", in Robin Cormack and Elizabeth Jeffreys (eds), Through the looking glass: Byzantium through British eyes. Papers from the twenty-ninth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, London, March 1995, Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies publications 7 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000) 107-120.Naiditch, P.G., The library of Richard Porson (Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2011).

The beginning of the manuscript is wanting; apparently the first two quires are gone: only one folio (f. 1r-v) remains from quire β. The manuscript now consists of one folio (f. 1r-1v), 26 quaternions (ff. 2r-209v) and one folio (f. 210r-210v); ff. 211r-212v are later endleaf. A small stub is preserved between f. 210v and 211r.

Early quire signatures in brown ink, in Greek numerals, on the first folio of each quire, recto. Some have been lost to cropping. They survive on the lower margin right of quire 1 (γʹ f. 2r), quires 3-6 (εʹ-η' ff. 18r, 26r, 34r, 42r), quires 13-14 (ιεʹ-ιϛ' ff. 98r, 106r), quires 17 (ιθʹ f. 130r), and on the upper margin right on quires 18-25 (κ'-κζ' ff. 138r, 146r, 154r, 162r, 170r, 178r, 186r, 194r).

Modern quire signatures in Greek numerals, in pencil, which reproduce and complete the previous series, have been added almost systematically to the first folio of each quire, recto, lower margin right.

Binding with pale brown full leather covering over couched-laminate boards. The spine is cracked, corresponding to the opening at f. 130.

There is decorative tooling on boards and spine; traces of decorative tooling are present on the board edge. Head band is fully detached. Bookblock edges are marbled.

Marbled paper endleaves. The left made flyleaf has come away.

The title (Herodotus MS.) is tooled in gold on the spine.

Binding height: 305 mm, width: 239 mm, depth: 19 mm.

Hand A: ff. 1r-129v

A mixed minuscule script, vertical or slightly slanted to the right, in brown ink, with modest variation in letter size.

Syllabic abbreviations and superscript word endings usually appear only at the end of lines and rarely elsewhere (e.g. common abbreviation of μεν). Breathings are curved and not joined to accents; mute iota is absent. Accents are often joined to alpha, upsilon and omega.

Alpha is drawn in two shapes: a rounded one and another one with a long oblique stroke; beta displays in bilobate shape; delta is triangular, with a small eyelet closed. Pi has a elongated horizontal stroke, and so also tau and theta, especially if at the beginning of the line. The modern nu, small gamma, eta, kappa, lambda and sigma telikon are presents.

The epsilon-rho ligature appears in a distinctive form in which the upper part forms a closed loop. Tau-rho ligature is overlapping

Punctuation used includes the middle and upper point, lower comma and full stop.

Tails are rarely flourished into the lower margins, e.g. f. 127r.

An identification with Manuel Tzycandyles (RGK I 255) has been proposed (see Hemmerdinger 1981).

Hand B: ff. 130r-210v.

Hand B displays a mixed minuscule close the model of Hand A, but slanting slightly to the right, with denser text. There is an evident moderate variation in letter size. Syllabic abbreviations and superscript word endings are not limiteted to the end of lines.

Breathings are curved, circumflex accent is normaly not link to vowels. Mute iota is absent.

Tails are rarely flourished into the lower margins.

[i-iii] + 1-212 + [iv]. Modern foliation in pencil in Arabic numerals in the top right-hand corner, recto.

Note by Richard Porson on f. [ii] verso: "Vide editionem Herodoti a Gronovio editam Lugduni Batavorum apud Samuelem Luchtmans anno MMCCXVI: Pag. 32. l. 13 μάχη σφέων ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων κ.τ.λ.". with reference to the 1715 edition by Jacobus Gronovius.

Porson also marked the number of the books and chapters in the upper margin of rectos in Greek numerals, referring to the last chapter of the folio: e.g. f. 6r α, ρε = Lib. I chap. 105. Chapters numbers are occasionally in the text in Arabic numerals.

The manuscript belonged to Anthony Askew (b. 1722, d. 1774), physician and book collector.

Section shown in images 9 to 428

Title: The Histories

Author(s): Herodotus

Note(s): Beginning imperfectly at I 79, 3; TLG 0016.002

Excerpts:Incipit: f. 1r μάχη σφεων ἦν ἀφ’ ἵππων. δούρατά τε ἐφόρεον μεγάλα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἦσαν ἱππεύεσθαι ἀγαθοίExplicit: f. 210v ἄρχειν τε εἵλοντο λυπρὴν οἰκέοντες μᾶλλον, ἢ πεδιάδα σπείροντες ἄλλοισι δουλεύεινFinal Rubric: f. 210v Ἡροδότου ἱστοριῶν θ

Section shown in images 9 to 60

Title: Historiae Liber I

Excerpts:Final Rubric: f. 26v Ἡροδότου α'

Source: https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-NN-00002-00034/9 with pictures of each page of the volume.

#herodotus #ancient greek classics #the histories #mystras #cambridge university library

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mrscorpio · 1 year

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attorninong · 1 year

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Article 194. Support compromises everything indispensable for sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical attendance, education and transportation, in keeping with the financial capacity of the family.

Jocson v Empire Insurance Company

Facts:

It appears that in Special Proceedings No. 734 of the Court of First Instance of Iloilo, Agustin A. Jocson was, on October 3, 1950, appointed guardian of the persons and properties of his then minor children, Carlos, Rodolfo, Perla, Enrique and Jesus, and as such guardian, he... had a bond filed with the Empire Insurance Co. as surety.

Jocson died on February 12, 1954, and to succeed him, Perla, who together with her brothers Carlos and Rodolfo, had already attained majority, was appointed guardian of the remaining minors Enrique and Jesus. On September 29 of that year, Perla filed a petition in the... guardianship proceedings to have the accounts of the deceased guardian, Jocson, reopened, claiming that the disbursements made from the guardianship funds for the education and clothing of the minors Enrique and Jesus were illegal. Upon coming of age, Enrique and Jesus adopted... the petition as their own and then moved that the disbursements in question be declared illegal and that Jocson's bond as guardian to be made to answer therefor.

The motion was opposed by the Empire Insurance Co., the surety on the bond, as well as by the administratrix of the intestate estate of Jocson, and the court, after considering the written arguments submitted by the parties, rendered an order denying it and declaring the bond... cancelled and the guardianship terminated.

Issue:

Whether or not the expenses for their education and clothing were part of their support from their father.

Held:

The contention is clearly without merit. Support does include what is necessary for the education and clothing of the person entitled thereto (Art. 290, New Civil Code), But support must be demanded and the right to it established before it becomes payable (Art. 298, New Civil Code; Marcelo vs. Estacio, 70 Phil., 215). For the right to support does not arise from the mere fact of relationship, even from the relationship of parents and children, but "from imperative necessity without which it cannot be demanded, and the law presumes that such necessity does not exist unless support is demanded" (Civil Code of the Philippines, Annotated, Tolentino, Vol. 1, p. 181, citing 8 Manresa 685). In the present case, it does not appear that support for the minors, be it only for their education and clothing, was ever demanded from their father and the need for it duly established. The need for support, as already stated, cannot be presumed, and especially must this be true in the present case where it appears that the minors had means of their own. In the circumstances, the disbursements made by the deceased guardian Jocson, with the approval of the court, for the education and clothing of the appellant minors cannot be said to be illegal, so that the lower court did not err in holding the guardian's bond not liable for the same. Furthermore, the claim for support should he enforced in a separate action and not in these guardianship proceedings.

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revolutionarywarhistory · 1 year

Text

"A young man with some property": the story of a former Maryland captain [Part 7]

Continued from Part 6

Reprinted from my History Hermann WordPress blog.

Notes

[1] Samuel seemingly resigned his rank on September 1, 1780, which is interesting since he "requested to a captain in the regiment in July" of the same year. Still, this resignation seems to be meaningless (perhaps because he was re-promoted again) as indicated above. On October 24, 1780, the Council paid "Capt. Samuel Cock for stores" and paid him generally the same day as Maryland State Papers indicate. In January 1782, he was paid "three hundred and twenty pounds and nine pence" for his service as a captain in the regiment during which time he had been appointed captain, along with Murdock, Bailey, Gillispie within "in the Regiment Extraordinary" after applying to Colonel Alexander Lawson Smith for recruits raised, then marching them as needed.

[2] Age of 29 comes from his presumed birthdate in 1754.

[3] "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission County Register Nomination Form by Mark Lynch of Walkersville, MD and approved by the property's owner, May 2015, p. 13-41 of PDF and pages 1-25 of the application form and within this document. The latter document also says she was born on Oct. 30, 1763. It also says she was married to man with the last name of "Cook" although his last name is clearly Cock. Hence, this is a typographical error.

[4] Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland, 1781-1784, Archives of Maryland Online Vol. 48, 290, 291, 494. The Ogle family were huge landowners in Anne Arundel County, as Papenfuse's biographies of Benjamin and Samuel Ogle attest. Buthe is not a part of that family or another with the same last name from Pennsylvania. The Alexander Ogle of that family would go on to serve as a U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania, and would die in Pennsylvania's Somerset County in 1832, many years after our Alexander Ogle died.

[5] "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission County Register Nomination Form by Mark Lynch of Walkersville, MD and approved by the property's owner, May 2015, p. 13-41 of PDF and pages 1-25 of the application form; Grace L. Tracey and John Philip Dern, Pioneers of Old Monocacy: The Early Settlement of Frederick County, Maryland 1721-1743 (Baltimore: Geneaological Publishing Co., 1989, second printing), 331-332, 347.

[6] Curtis Older, "230. Documentation for Alexander Ogle (May 21, 1730 to Bef Mar 21, 1783) father of Jane Ogle (Sept 23, 1761 to Oct 07, 1836)," "The Documented Genealogy of Curtis Lynn Older," 2010. Since this the original document can only be found directly at the Maryland State Archives within their stacks, this will suffice for now. In this PDF, a number of sources are cited: (1) Maryland State Papers, Series A, MdHR 6636-23-29/71/7/5 (in this record undoubtedly) which has some of the records showing "Alexander Ogle providing wheat and flour from his mills to the Maryland Militia during the American Revolution; (2) Index to Marriage Licenses, Frederick County, 1778-1810; (3) Wills, Frederick County, Maryland, GM-2-25, signed February 20, 1783, and probated March 21, 1783, with the 25 referring to page 25 within this book either in paper or in microfilm; (4) Paxson Link, The Link Family (Paris, Illinois: [s.l.], 1951), p. 79, 80; (5) Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 62, page 203n and Vol. 60, page 343; (7) Francis Hamilton Hibbard, assisted by Stephen Parks, The English origin of John Ogle, first of the name in Delaware (Pittsburgh: n.p., 1967); (8) Sir Henry Asgill Ogle, Ogle and Bothal (Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Andrew Reid & Company, 1902); (9) Curtis L. Older, The Braddock Expedition and Fox's Gap in Maryland (Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1995), p. 98. It is worth noting that most of these sources, apart from (1)-(3) are genealogical books which should only be used if no other source is available and/or as secondary sources to backup primary sources. Also see this collection of transcribed wills and this page for reference ONLY.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Deed between Samuel Cock and Ezekial Beatty, June 21, 1783, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 4, p. 111-113 [MSA CE 108-24]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[8] Deed between Samuel Cock and Ezekial Beatty, June 21, 1783, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 4, p. 113-115 [MSA CE 108-24]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[9] "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission County Register Nomination Form by Mark Lynch of Walkersville, MD and approved by the property's owner, May 2015, p. 13-41 of PDF and pages 1-25 of the application form. The pages of the PDF beyond this (p. 42-54) just have overall pictures and overlays along with documents about approval through the rules process.

[10] The Maryland State Archives claims, relying on Papenfuse for information, that within that year, they both "patented 1,950 acres in Frederick County in individual tracts of between 50 and 200 acres each" serving as part of "the acreage for which their father had received warrants, but which he had not patented." However, actual information shows that this estimate is not correct.

[11] Almost half (3,350) of the acres were patented in 1753, another quarter patented from 1760 to 1764 (1,700), with the majority patented in 1765.

[12] Part of Dulaneys Lott, William Beatty, 6 Acres; Rail Trap, Unpatented Certificate 185A, Apr. 13, 1787, Frederick County Circuit Court, Certificates, Unpatented, FR [MSA S1220-195].

[13] Deed between Samuel Cock and Walter Funderberg/Funderbergh, Nov. 23, 1790, Frederick County Court, Liber WR 9, p. 532-535 [MSA CE 108-29]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[14] Neighbours Agreed, Samuel Cock, 280 Acres, Patented Certificate 2807, May 23, 1789, Frederick County Circuit Court, Certificates, Patented, FR [MSA S1197-3334]. Courtesy of http://plato.mdarchives.state.md.us/pages/index.aspx.

[15] Deed between Samuel Cock and the State of Maryland (John Rogers on behalf of the state), Sept. 15, 1789, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 8, 629-630 [MSA CE 108-28]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net. Confirmed again by the state on pages 620-631 of the same land records. Hence, as J. Thomas Scarf noted in pages 374-377 of History of Western Maryland Volume 1, Samuel was the owner of 51 acre tract known as Chestnut Hill, 56 acre tract known as Long Spring, and 280 acre tract known as Neighbors Agreed, all in 1788 and within Frederick County. Scarf is not always a great researcher so his source is only mentioned as secondary backing.

[16] Chestnut Hill, Daniel and Walter Dulany, 50 Acres, Patented Certificate 826, Sept. 29, 1765, Frederick County Circuit Court, Certificates, Patented, FR [MSA S1197-890]. Courtesy of http://plato.mdarchives.state.md.us/pages/index.aspx; Long Spring, Daniel and Walter Dulany, 50 Acres, Patented Certificate 2502LL, Sept. 29, 1765, Frederick County Circuit Court, Certificates, Patented, FR [MSA S1197-2602]. Courtesy of http://plato.mdarchives.state.md.us/pages/index.aspx.

[17] Bill of Sale between Samuel Cock and John Miller, Dec. 11, 1788, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 8, p. 294-295 [MSA CE 108-28]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[18] Mr. Horn tells the County Council of Frederick County that the original portion of the house was likely constructed in the 1790s with a significant addition in the 1980s. He goes on to say that three 19th century farm buildings are clustered near the house while the addition is differentiated and distinct. Source is: "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Staff Report Concurrence Form from Denis Superczynski to Steven C. Horn, Frederick County, Maryland, December 2015, p. 1-11 of PDF. This mostly concerns the approval process of the property on the historic register throughout the year of 2015, from the Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission to the Frederick County Council.

[19] First Census of the United States, Frederick, Maryland, 1790, National Archives, NARA M637, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 3, Page 165. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest; "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission County Register Nomination Form by Mark Lynch of Walkersville, MD and approved by the property's owner, May 2015, p. 13-41 of PDF and pages 1-25 of the application form.

[20] Deed between Samuel Cock and John Devilbiss, Nov. 23, 1790, Frederick County Court, Liber WR 9, p. 533-535 [MSA CE 108-29]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[21] Grace L. Tracey and John Philip Dern, Pioneers of Old Monocacy: The Early Settlement of Frederick County, Maryland 1721-1743 (Baltimore: Geneaological Publishing Co., 1989, second printing), 319, 332. The children Alexander Ogle had with his wife included: Elizabeth who married into the Devilbiss family of Frederick County (specifically George Devilbiss), while his other daughter, Rebecca lived along the Monocacy River marrying John Devilbiss, Alexander Ogle, Jr. marrying Mary Beatty, and Mary, who would mary Samuel Cook. This document lists Alexander as marrying Mary Beatty but it notes the connection with the Devilbiss family yet again with the family that Elizabeth and Rebecca married into by 1783.

[22] Deed between Samuel Cock and Thomas Johnson, Roger Johnson, James Johnson, and Baker Johnson, Feb. 8, 1791, Frederick County Court, Liber WR 9, p. 614 [MSA CE 108-29]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[23] R. Winder Johnson, The ancestry of Rosalie Morris Johnson: daughter of George Calvert Morris and Elizabeth Kuhn, his wife (Wisconsin: Ferris & Leach, 1905, printed for private circulation only), 27; Provincial Court Land Records, 1765-1770, Volume 725, Page 550 as transcribed on Darrin Lythgoe's website, "Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties"; PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND WILLS; Liber T No. #1; 1784-1789; Folio 258 BENEDICT CALVERT 12/01/1779 02/18/1788 as transcribed on the Lythgoe's website as well. Also, there are reports that the land grant, in 1764, for area known as "Lost Tomahawk" was "seized in fee from Henry Cock, now of George Frazier Hawkins," which means it must have have given to him before 1770.

[24] Deed between Samuel Cock and Thomas Beatty, Feb. 17, 1795, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 16, p. 222-224 [MSA CE 108-36]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[25] Final, James Beatty, 264 3/4 Acres, Patented Certificate 1369, March 18, 1790, Frederick County Circuit Court, Certificates, Patented, FR [MSA S1197-1432].

[26] "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission County Register Nomination Form by Mark Lynch of Walkersville, MD and approved by the property's owner, May 2015, p. 13-41 of PDF and pages 1-25 of the application form. The pages of the PDF beyond this (p. 42-54) just have overall pictures and overlays along with documents about approval through the rules process.

[27] Samuel Cock's hogs, cattle, and sheep, Apr. 6, 1795, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 13, p. 192 [MSA CE 108-33]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[28] Deed between Samuel Cock and Samuel DuVall, July 30, 1795, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 17, p. 136-137 [MSA CE 108-37]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[29] Second Census of the United States, Liberty, Frederick, Maryland, 1800, National Archives, NARA M32, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 10, Page 214. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest. He is called "Samuel Cax" in the census but this is undoubtedly him.

[30] Deed between Samuel Cock and Abraham Eader, May 20, 1800, Frederick County Court, Land Records, Liber WR 19, p. 519 [MSA CE 108-39]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[31] Frank Allaben, The Ancestry of Leander Howard Crall (New York City: The Grafton Press, 1908), 67-68, 334-335.

[32] Gaius Marcus Brumbaugh, Maryland Records: Colonial, Revolutionary, County and Church from Original Sources, Vol. 1 (Baltimore: Clearfield Publishing, 1993), 276, 281.

[33] Fourth Census of the United States, 1820, Election District 8, Frederick, Maryland, National Archives, NARA M33, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll M33_43, Page 230. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest.

[34] "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission County Register Nomination Form by Mark Lynch of Walkersville, MD and approved by the property's owner, May 2015, p. 13-41 of PDF and pages 1-25 of the application form. The pages of the PDF beyond this (p. 42-54) just have overall pictures and overlays along with documents about approval through the rules process.

[35] Ibid. Their deaths are also noted in page 218 of The Diary of Jacob Engelbrecht, 1818-1878, assembled by the Historical Society of Frederick County.

[36] "Public Hearing - County Register designation of Capt. Samuel Cock's Homestead; CR-15-03," Staff Report Concurrence Form from Denis Superczynski to Steven C. Horn, Frederick County, Maryland, December 2015, p. 1-11 of PDF. This mostly concerns the approval process of the property on the historic register throughout the year of 2015, from the Frederick County Historic Preservation Commission to the Frederick County Council.

[37] The document reprints a map of the current property, shows a 1790 census with him owning seven enslaved blacks and living in Frederick County, notes that land called Neighbours Agreed (why?) was surveyed for Samuel in 1788, patented in 1789, reprints his will (not great copy), reprints part of his father Henry's will in 1777 (he died in 1779) saying that he gains two different land tracts (Turky which is part of many other areas at the time and The Lost Tomahawk), reprints genealogical index, and a number of other records.

[38] There is another Samuel Cock, a Quaker, a Cock family in New York, this person, a "Samuel Cork" who gave a deed of manumission on March 22, 1825, which liberated a "negro woman named Milly and her children, Ann and William Bowen," which was "confirmed and ratified" in March 17, 1835 (see here, here, and here). Also he is not this person (any of the Samuels within).

#notes #genealogy #manumission #enslavement #slavery #enslaved people #black history #maryland history #maryland

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