#X-factor 231

[bulkyphrase]

Cap-IM Rec Week - Absolute Faves Monday

I'm not on dreamwidth and am not a part of the cap-iroman community, but they do a lot of cool events and I'm always looking for an excuse to compile and post a rec list.

Here are some of my all-time favorite Stony fics and podfics.

Falling Backwards (Till it Turns Me Inside Out) by Aeraneth (@aeranethwrites) (MCU | Teen And Up Audiences | Creator Chose Not To Use Archive Warnings | 5,706 words)

Summary: It’s Nomad against the Avengers, a Hydra patch on his shoulder, a gun pointed at Iron Man’s head, and a doomsday machine running down the clock behind him. He’s the only one standing in the way of them saving the world. Steve doesn’t know how he got here.

girls can't play guitar by isozyme (@isozyme) (Ults | Explicit | No Archive Warnings Apply | 4,209 words)

Summary: On nights when Tonia fucked Eve, Eve left her bed sated and woke up with a guilty desire to walk into Tonia’s room, strip off her kevlar uniform, and surrender herself to whatever Tonia wanted to do next. Captain Eve Rogers has a complicated relationship with sex and masculinity. Tonia Stark has a really big strap.

More below the cut!

This Thing of Darkness by MassiveSpaceWren, Mizzy (@mizzy2187) (616 | Teen And Up Audiences | Graphic Depictions Of Violence | 18,525 words)

Summary: X-Factor #231 AU. It's been five years since it happened, but Deathlok has spent every day since M-Day wishing he was less human, so going undercover as a human in order to find more humans to slaughter…? It's tough, but Deathlok agrees to do it. The target is Pandora, a base that Deathlok thought was just a rumor, the biggest undercover human resistance camp in the world. The mission turns out to be tougher than Deathlok expects, though, because the leader of the ragtag resistance camp is Tony Stark. Tony, who always has more than one ace up his sleeve. Tony, who Deathlok used to know. Tony, who refuses to call him anything but by his disgusting human name: Steve.

The Least Difficult of Men by isozyme (@isozyme) (Ults | Explicit | Creator Chose Not To Use Archive Warnings | 46,153 words)

Summary: It isn’t until Tony watches Steve lean into the punch that he thinks oh, this is going to be a problem. Steve’s taking hits on purpose in the field, so Tony suggests a safer option. It's simple: Tony smacks Steve around, Steve gets the pain fix he’s looking for, everyone leaves happy. Things do not stay simple. The one with repressed masochist Steve and sadist Tony and everyone getting off on pain a whole bunch.

A Real Boy by Sineala (@sineala) (616 | Explicit | No Archive Warnings Apply | 11,468 words)

Summary: When Steve shows up for the Avengers' team meeting, he quickly discovers that the version of Tony in attendance this week is the artificial intelligence. But Tony is still Tony, the man Steve has loved for years, and him being a hologram doesn't stop the two of them from falling for each other. They just have a few kinks to work out. Also available as a podfic read by M_Samro (@msamro)

Living on Your Breath by Sineala (@sineala) (616 | Explicit | Creator Chose Not To Use Archive Warnings | 110,343 words)

Summary: The Avengers have faced Onslaught and come home. The team has assembled again. And Steve is finally together with Tony. They're in love. Everything is perfect. But this happiness is all too brief, as Tony is kidnapped by forces unknown. Steve rushes off to rescue Tony, only to find that Tony has been brainwashed and turned against him. Now Steve, captured and tortured by the man he loves, must sacrifice everything he has to stop Tony from becoming a monster. Their relationship will never be the same again... if they both get out of here alive.

Super Villain Dating Tips - Or How Steve Won Over Tony Through The Art of Kidnapping by forgetmenotjimmy (MCU | General Audiences | No Archive Warnings Apply | 46,265 words)

Summary: Steve isn't evil, he's just trying to do the right thing whilst hiding from an insane General who's out for his blood - literally - but when he is forced to kidnap Tony to help him escape the cops, his plans to take down the Secret Division that experimented on him, well, they get put on the back burner. How does a villain date a hero? More kidnapping of course!

Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree by Annie D (scaramouche) (@no-gorms) (MCU | Explicit | No Archive Warnings Apply | 21,098 words)

Summary: Steve doesn’t mind that Tony doesn’t return his feelings. He just would've preferred if it didn’t come with the side effect of his coughing up flowers and possibly dying.

Relativistic Heat Conduction by BlossomsintheMist (@blossomsinthemist) (616 | Explicit | Graphic Depictions Of Violence, Major Character Death | 69,298 words)

Summary: Age of Ultron-based, but not entirely canon compliant. Written for the 2013 Cap-Iron Man Reverse Big Bang. Ultron has attacked, obliterating most of the world's superheroes and resistance in a matter of hours. The remaining heroes band together and share what strength they have to get through it, to survive, and defeat Ultron once and for all. Steve Rogers grieves in the wake of the disaster and the heroes' defeat, and no one knows if he will be able to provide the leadership they need--but Tony Stark isn't about to let him slip away that easily. Also available as a podfic read by Pywren (@phyrrhicvictory)

A Hundred Times, Once by FestiveFerret, SirSapling (@festiveferrets, @sirsapling) (Ults | Explicit | No Archive Warnings Apply | 24,761 words)

Summary: The shrill tone of his SHIELD beeper pulls Steve out of sleep and into battle. He fights robots, he fights Tony's shameless advances, he fights the exhaustion that threatens to take over him, drown him. And then the next morning, he wakes and does it again. Exactly the same. And again. And again. And again.

Mercy in You by Sineala (@sineala) (616 | Mature | No Archive Warnings Apply | 9,598 words)

Summary: When Tony comes back from a very bad D/s date, in pain and abandoned by his dom, Steve offers to help Tony out and give him all the aftercare he so desperately needs. Also available as a podfic read by Pywren (@phyrrhicvictory)

Straight on till Morning by Sineala (@sineala) (616 | Explicit | No Archive Warnings Apply | 109,848 words)

Summary: Tony Stark resigned his commission in Starfleet five years ago, after a disastrous away mission, and he swore he'd never go back. He just wants to be left alone to build warp engines in peace. But the universe has more in store for him than that, as he discovers when Admiral Fury comes to him with an offer he could never have expected and cannot possibly refuse: first officer and chief engineer aboard the all-new USS Avenger, a starship of Tony's own design. What's more, the Avenger's captain is Steve Rogers, hero of the Earth-Romulan War. Believed dead for over a century, Steve is miraculously alive... and very, very attractive. But nothing is ever easy for Tony. As he wrestles with his secret desire for his new captain and his not-so-dormant fears, another mission starts to go wrong, and Tony becomes aware that Steve has secrets of his own -- and the truth could change everything. Also available as a podfic read by M_Samro (@msamro)

The Prize by sabrecmc (@sabrecmc) (MCU | Explicit | Graphic Depictions Of Violence, Rape/Non-Con | 318,625 words)

Summary: Steve ends up as a concubine in the royal harem.

I (created from fantasies) exist solely for you by Mizzy (@mizzy2k) (MCU | Teen And Up Audiences | No Archive Warnings Apply | 62,917 words)

Summary: Six years ago, without the Avengers Initiative there to save the day, scientist Dr. Eric Selvig sacrificed himself to save the world, the almighty demi-god Thor was lost to a terrible storm, and vigilante Iron Man – spotted with a nuclear weapon trying to take advantage of the situation – was forever labelled an enemy of SHIELD. This is a comic book office AU, where Steve is defrosted a year too late, Thor has forgotten who he is, and no one knows Tony is Iron Man. Also includes: office pranks, inappropriate post-it notes, and superheroes who like pina coladas and getting caught in the rain. Also available as a podfic read by badfinch (@read-by-badfinch)

#capimrecweek #marvel fic rec #stony #steve rogers #tony stark

[avengersnewb]

Fic authors self rec! When you get this (or when you feel up to it!), reply with your favorite five fics that you've written, then pass on to at least five other writers. Let’s spread the self-love!

aww thank you sabre for the ask, you know how much I love self recs :uwu:

alright so at first I thought it would be hard to pick only my fave five but it was surprisingly easy? :))) I think I picked the ones that I still look back at and think wow, how did I come up with all of that?

Seeking Companionship is a 616 epistolary fic which I really hoped more people would read because it's just pure joy to read if I say so myself, it's funny and engaging and I really like how I've managed to get their tones in writing letters in 1980s, and there is some innuendo and some raw insecurities and self-worth issues and of course a happy ending, all told in letters. oh and ID porn of course! (Rated T, 4.2k words)

Restless Gravity is my first RBB, a sci-fi omegaverse arranged marriage fic with omega Tony and warlord Steve in space, an AU of X-Factor 231, where Steve is a scary humanoid who is known for hating humans. I just have no idea how I came up with many of those ideas and images, and I really love the part of the fic where Tony transitions from 'I have to live with this thing' to him deciding that 'he seems to be very decent and I think I'm falling for him'. I just love that universe, I always think if I ever turn any of my fics into an original this would be the perfect candidate :) oh it also has ID porn, and amnesia. super tropey :) (Rated M, 10k)

Love of Inconvenience is an MCU arranged marriage, omegaverse, historical AU from 1920 happening near where I live in Australia, in a place called Fort Nepean which was the place where the first shot fired by the British Empire in World War I. It has a quarantine station and a beach and as soon I set foot in it, I was like yes, a small immigrant Steve fic with gun installer Tony. I just love the world of this fic, and the way they're so breathtakingly gone for each other but each think there is no way the other wants them for real. I actually made the mutual pining so real that I was unable to actually fix it for like a year before I finally managed to write the ending to this little thing :) (Rated T, 4.8 k)

Unintended Side Effects an MCU medkink fic, with bottom Steve and young Dr. Stark, with and ID twist that left all the commenters in awe (I'm not making this up, you can go check the comments :)) ), written for your birthday. to this day, I can't really figure out how I put so many words together about a...well... about the thing that happened in the fic. but I did, and I'm so glad that it exists because it's a rather niche kink and by the steady stream of readers that check it out 3 years later, I guess our people are also happy that it exists. (Rated E, 9k)

Quarantined Together an MCU canon adjacent AU about Steve and Tony hooking up one night and being forced to quarantine together for 14 days, with lots and lots of porn and lots and lots of fluff, which was intended to be a soft escape from the terrible times it was being written in. I'm really proud of it, both because I wrote and finished a long fic, and also because of the crazy concepts I put into it and I think they mostly worked in context, like the way I love yous were said, or the double ID porn roleplay. (Rated E, 40k)

well looks like I really love all of my ID porn fics :D

#stony #stevetony #stony fic #stony fic rec #ven replies #sabrecmc

[thequiver]

Who is.... Kevin MacTaggert | Proteus? - A Reading Guide

Kevin MacTaggert, also known as Proteus, is the son of Moira MacTaggert (the former leader of the Muir Island X-Men, longtime ally of Professor X, and co-founder of Krakoa). Kevin is a reality manipulator who mostly inhabits an energy form (a psionic being composed of energy that has a vaguely human form with no physical characteristics) but he requires a human host to sustain himself, wearing through victims the more he uses his powers (which only grow with each victim he possesses). He currently inhabits soulless Charles Xavier clones to sustain life. He's best known currently for having terraformed Mars, being on The Five, and for having been an enemy of the X-Men.

Under the cut you'll find a complete list of all 79 of Kevin's major appearances (as of 17. 2. 23) in chronological order

X-Men Vol 1 #119, 125-128

Classic X-Men Vol 1 #32

New Warriors Annual Vol #1

X-Men Annual Vol 1 #15-16

X-Force Annual Vol 1 #1

X-Factor Annual Vol 1 #8

Excalibur Vol 1 #72-73

X-Man Vol. 1 #12

Star Trek/X-Men Vol 1 #1

X-Force Vol 3 #19

X-Necrosha Vol 1 #1

X-Men: Legacy Vol 1 #231-233

Astonishing X-Men Vol 4 #4-11

House of X Vol 1 #5-6

Maruaders Vol 1 #3

X-Men Vol 5 #7

Marauders Vol 1 #9-10

X-Factor Vol 4 #1

Marauders Vol 1 #11

Hellions Vol 1 #7

X-Factor Vol 4 #5

S.W.O.R.D. Vol 2 #2

Excalibur Vol 4 #18

Marauders Vol 1 #18

X-Factor Vol 4 #8

S.W.O.R.D. Vol 2 #4

Way of X #1-2

X-Men Vol 5 #21

Planet-Size X-Men Vol 1 #1

Cable Vol 4 #11

X-Factor Vol 4 #10

Excalibur Vol 4 #22

Way of X #5

Trial of Magneto #1

New Mutants Vol 4 #21

Trial of Magneto #2

Onslaught Revelation #1

Inferno Vol 2 #2

Marauders Vol 1 #26

Trial of Magneto #4-5

Who is... Scarlet Witch Infinity Comic Vol 1 #1

Immortal X-Men Vol 1 #1

X-Men Vol 6 #10

Knights of X Vol 1 #1

Immortal X-Men Vol 1 #2

X-Men: Red Vol 2 #3

X-Men: Hellfire Gala Vol 1 #1

A.X.E.: Judgement Day Vol 1 #1-2, 4

Amazing Spider-Man Vol 6 #9

A.X.E.: Judgement Day Vol 1 #5

X-Men Unlimited Infinity Comic Vol 1 #62

Immortal X-Men Vol 1 #7

A.X.E.: Judgement Day Vol 1 #6

X-Men: Red Vol 2 #9

X-Terminators Vol 2 #4

Immortal X-Men Vol 1 #10

#kevin mactaggert #proteus #marvel comics #x men #x-men #xmen #reading guides #reading lists #comics #comic books #marvel

[stevetonyweekly]

SteveTony Weekly - September 4th

Happy Sunday!! Here’s what I read this week. Be sure to leave your author a comment or kudos if you enjoy a story! 

***Marks my recent favorites

(you make me wanna) slow down by ohjustpeachy

Steve starts falling asleep in Tony's workshop.

Consecration of the Virgin by dracusfyre

Steve gives his body into Tony's keeping. For the good of his soul, of course.

caught in slow motion by duckmoles 

You are Tony Stark. You're still trying to figure out what that means.

Body Talk by nostalgicatsea

Sometimes Steve thought he and Tony were better at communicating through action than through words, more truthful. Whatever message that could get lost in transit, they could ensure its safe passage with one gesture, one touch, leaving no room for misinterpretation.

Slamming the arc reactor into Steve's hand in answer to his letter.

Holding Tony by the crook of his arm to ask him to stay, to listen.

Shaking each other's hands, knitting back together again.

***Hating Steve Rogers by nanasekei

The thing about hating Steve Rogers is that it shouldn’t be easy - but it really, really is.

Get Under My Skin [Take My Body Home Remix] by Missy_dee811 

Oh, this could’ve been a wonderful thing. It would’ve been, once upon a time.

But Tony had decided he wanted to be cruel. And Steve had let him because he loved him, too.

This story takes place before the original but can be read on its own.

To shun the heaven that leads men to this hell. by Missy_dee811 

Tony didn’t say anything. To him, it was quite obvious what he was doing: he was watching tapes of himself. Steve sighed and took a seat on the floor. He sat next to Tony, who was also sitting cross-legged. Steve turned to face him and Tony held up his hand.

“I know you what you’re going to say, but I don’t want to hear it.”

“You shouldn’t be watching these tapes.”

helping each other out by navaan 

Steve's worried about Tony. Tony is a little worried about Steve who is brooding and heading out to solve some Captain America problems. Maybe there are feelings involved. When aren't there feelings involved?

Darling Heart by Epiphanyx7 

The tenderest touch leaves the darkest of marks

And the kindest of kisses breaks the hardest of hearts

Tony stared at Steve, trying to figure out what his response should be. He had no idea what to do, because people didn't do that, nobody told Tony Stark they loved him, nobody except for Rhodey that one time and Rhodey had been blackout drunk so it probably didn't count anyway, and besides--

"Tony," Steve said, swallowing hard, his face still deathly pale. "Tony, I'm sorry, I didn't mean--"

Pervert by shaggybeetle

Tony told him off.

He liked that...

This Is No M'aidez [The Shame Remix] by Kiyaar

After the events of Execute Program, Tony shows up on Steve's doorstep with a file folder.

Pinion by Kiyaar

Tony is off-world when Wanda says the thing. Steve isn't. How the events leading to X-Factor 231 might have happened.

Rusted Wheel, or How the Civil War Might Have Ended by Kiyaar

Tony was on the steps of the Courthouse and took the bullets for Steve.

Slowly But Surely by im95notdead

With many road bumps along the way, Tony learns the value of being unapologetically who he is and finding people who love and encourage him for it all the more.

Be No Stranger (All Your Saints and Soldiers Remix) by jibrailis 

That's the twenty-first century love song, baby. Glitz and glamour and every one of us is a liar.

Parity by Kiyaar

Tony doesn’t want to think about what’s on his hands besides blood. His heartbeat feels pulpy. He lies as still as he can as if the shrapnel might stop its trajectory into his aorta if he does. He thinks about what they’ll do to him tomorrow, he thinks about what will happen to him if he capitulates instead. He wants to. He wonders which way gets him to death faster.

So Selfish by somanyfeels (orphan_account)

Tony wasn't bitter or jealous, he was fine. Steve had to focus on helping Bucky, he understood that. He knew that in situations like this it was only natural for him to be pushed to the side. He was okay, he could handle not being the most important person in Steve's life. He just had to stop being selfish.

Bring Me His Heart by jellybeanforest

Steve Rogers, infamous cat burglar, is hired by Tony’s business rival and ex-girlfriend, Sunset Bain, to carry out a little corporate espionage, namely to steal the original arc reactor prototype Stark had surgically removed from his chest.

Steve does steal his heart, but perhaps not in the way his employer had envisioned.

Or:

Tony interrupts Steve mid-heist in his penthouse and assumes he is the escort he hired for the night; Steve doesn’t correct him.

The Biography of the Man Left by Time by DeathsLights

He isn’t trying to be difficult or ungrateful.

He just doesn’t know how to make a home anymore.

Bad Magic by FestiveFerret

Nat folded gracefully into a chair and cleared her throat. “I feel sixteen again,” she said carefully.

the mind-body problem by firebrands

Steve is a reporter for the New York Bulletin, and one day he's assigned a story that might be just above his pay grade. To find out the truth, he's got to speak to the man implicated: Tony Stark.

A canon-divergent fic where Steve is not captain america, but Tony is still Tony Stark. Set around the same time as Iron Man 1.

#stevetony weekly #stony weekly #stony #stevetony #fic rec #rec list #fic rec list #fanfic #steve rogers #tony stark #iron man #captain america

[betheflame]

His One Final Vice

A Team Fuck fill for @stevetonygames - based on X-Factor 231 (thanks @kiyaar for this gift) - square: dreams. Photo above is two panels from the comic. 

Motherfucking Steve Rogers. The mutant form of him was just as potent to Tony as the human one had been, or all of the other versions were as Tony flung himself around the multiverse, looking for some way to undo the hell Wanda had unleashed upon his world. 

Tonight, heroics could wait. The rod of steel his cock had become demanded that he focus on the here and now and the aftermath of his latest tangle with the only man he’d ever loved. After he was sure that all of his various visitors were out of his office, he hit the code on the panel behind his desk and retreated into his private room. 

He got himself comfortable on the overstuffed sofa; changed out of the undersuit and into sweatpants, grabbed a snack and a glass of whiskey because this was going to be a marathon session, and a bottle of lotion for the same reason. 

He grasped his cock and gave it an exploratory tug. 

He didn’t want it to end so quickly, so he ghosted his fingers up and down his shaft, imagining they were Steve’s. He conjured up every memory he had, every dream they’d ever dreamed together, before Wanda, before mutants, before… before. 

He imagined Steve on his knees before him, Steve’s shoulders splitting Tony’s legs even further. He could almost feel the hot suction of Steve’s mouth as he pretended that his hand had the same power. 

A memory of Steve’s first rimming experiments exploded into Tony’s brain just as his cock did, too. 

“Round one,” he said to the room. He didn’t bother to clean himself up - there would be more where that came from. Instead, he grabbed some lotion and some more memories and got lost in fantasies. 

He’d lied to Madrox. Whiskey wasn’t really his vice. 

Steve was. 

And he always would be.

#tony stark #steve rogers #flames fics #prompt free to a good home

[xmencovered]

X-FACTOR #231

Published February 1st, 2012

Cover art by DAVID YARDIN

#iron man #deathlok #david yardin #xfactor #2010s xmen

[mister-faltine]

Dormammu as... The Sorcerer Supreme of Earth?!?

X-Factor (1986) #231, #232, #241.

Writer - Peter David.

Artists - Emanuela Lupacchino, Leonard Kirk, David Yardin.

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

In this alternate reality, Dormammu managed to defeat Doctor Strange and even possessed his body in order to have all the benefits of the Sorcerer Supreme at his disposal. Jamie Madrox was a disciple of Stephen in this reality, but according to Dormammu, he too was destroyed at the hands of the Dread One. In the story of the comic, Jamie Madrox is sent to alternate realities every time he dies and ended up falling into this dark reality made by Dormammu. However, thanks to Plot Armour, Jamie has his body possessed by the spirit of Stephen Strange from that reality and helped defeat Dormammu.

However, in the comic "X-Factor #241", it is revealed that Dormammu, Vanora and Deathlok (Alternate Steve Rogers) were sent to Earth-616 because of Stephen Strange's teleportation magic from Dormammu's reality. Unfortunately, Dormammu was too weak, because he wasn't in his original reality. In the end, the three teamed up to make Dormammu powerful again and created a trap for X-Factor, but the plan went wrong and Dormammu ends up dying in an explosion. It was later revealed that Dormammu died by Mephisto's hand.

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

For those who want to know...

1 - This is "Vanora":

2 - This is "Deathlok (Steve Rogers)":

3 - Doctor Strange from Dormammu's reality as Sorcerer Supreme:

4 - This is Earth after Dormammu's victory:

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

And that's the end, I hope you enjoyed the post and had fun with the curiosities. Sorry if my english is not very good, because english is not my main language.

#Dormammu #The Dread Dormammu #Jamie Madrox #Multiple Man #Doctor Strange #Stephen Strange #Vanora #Steve Rogers #Deathlok #X Factor #X Men #Mutants #Avengers #Faltine #Dark Dimension #Sorcerer Supreme #Master Of The Mystic Arts #Peter David #Emanuela Lupacchino #Leonard Kirk #David Yardin #Marvel #Marvel Comics #Comics #Comic Books #Marvel Villains #Marvel Heroes #Heroes And Villains #Alternate Realities #Alternate Universes

[stony-ao3-feed]

Paradise to Come Home To

Read it on AO3

by MissionCritical

X-Factor #231 reveals a reality where humankind, rather than mutants, were destroyed during the events of House of M. Only ten percent of the humans are left. Tony Stark rules over a safe zone, while Steve Rogers has become a monster stalking him.

Tonight, one of those things is going to change.

Words: 725, Chapters: 2/2, Language: English

Fandoms: Marvel (Comics), The Avengers (Marvel) - All Media Types, Iron Man (Comics), Captain America (Comics), X-Factor (Comics), Marvel 616

Rating: Mature

Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply

Categories: M/M

Characters: Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Jamie Madrox

Relationships: Steve Rogers/Tony Stark

Additional Tags: Post-Apocalypse, Dystopia, X-Factor #231, Engineer Tony Stark, Tony Stark Feels, Non-Consensual Body Modification, Implied/Referenced Alcohol Abuse/Alcoholism

Read it on AO3

#stony #fanfiction #ao3feed #superhusbands #stevetony

[anantradingpvtltd]

Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] Design Thinking for Beginners: Innovation as a factor for entrepreneurial successThe role of Design Thinking in innovative management in the era of digitization and globalization Are you working in an innovative environment and looking for ways to generate ideas in a structured way?"In recent decades, there have been more inventions and innovations than ever before. Since 1980, the number of annual patents has tripled worldwide, reflecting the pressure on companies and organizations to innovate. Digitalization and growing globalization make it easy for new companies to be immediately present in the world market with a good idea. But where do companies get their new extraordinary and creative ideas from when they have outsourced innovation to a research department? No wonder no taxi company in the world has come up with a service like Uber because they didn't dare to think the impossible. But ideas are not born in an Excel document. Above all, however, it is often forgotten that people must be the focus of attention. The customer is not just a number in the accounting system but someone with needs that need to be met."Learn in this helpful guide...... what Design Thinking is... in which areas it applies... which prerequisites must be fulfilled in practice... Which processes are mainly available in Design Thinking... The phases of Design Thinking and what to consider in these... And much more! Secure the book today and learn how to use Design Thinking effectively in the company Publisher ‏ : ‎ Personal Growth Hackers (18 August 2019) Language ‏ : ‎ English Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 106 pages ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 3967160629 ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3967160628 Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 231 g Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 12.7 x 0.79 x 20.32 cm Country of Origin ‏ : ‎ India [ad_2]

[mlmstarfleet]

How Many 20 Ounces In A Gallon?

There are 20-ounce glasses in a gallon. This is because there are 128 fluid ounces (fl oz) in 1 gallon, and 1 gallon is equal to 4 quarts. There are also 32 fluid ounces in 1 quart.

So, if you divide 128 by 32, you get 4, which is the number of quarts in a gallon. And since there are 8 20-ounce glasses in 1 quart, that means there are 8 x 4, or 32, 20-ounce glasses in a gallon.

A gallon is a unit of measurement for fluid volume equal to four quarts, eight pints, or thirty-two cups. The U.S. gallon has historically been based on the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches (3.785 L), but in 1982 the U.S. adopted the international gallon of exactly 3.785411784 liters (about 0.13% smaller). There are approximately 20 ounces in one U.S. liquid gallon and 160 ounces in one imperial gallon.

One U.S. dry gallon is equivalent to 4 quarts, 8 pints, or 32 cups, while the imperial dry gallon is 10 pounds or 160 fluid ounces larger than the U.S .

How Many 20 Fl Oz Bottles of Water Should I Drink a Day?

There are a lot of different opinions out there about how much water someone should drink each day. The old eight glasses a day rule has been debunked by many experts, and replaced with the suggestion that we should drink half our body weight in ounces of water each day. However, even this can vary depending on factors such as activity level, climate, and overall health.

For example, if you live in a hot climate or exercise frequently, you will need to drink more water than someone who lives in a cooler climate or is mostly sedentary. And if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have certain medical conditions, or take medication that causes dehydration, you will also need to increase your water intake. So how much water should you really be drinking each day?

A good rule of thumb is to start with half your body weight in ounces and adjust from there based on your individual needs. So if you weigh 200 pounds, aim for 100 ounces of water per day. And remember, this is just a starting point - you may need more or less depending on the above factors.

How Many Ozs is a Gallon?

There are 128 ounces in a gallon. This is because there are 16 cups in a gallon, and each cup has 8 ounces.

What is 20Oz Water?

Water is a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid state or ice state, but it can also exist in a gaseous state (water vapor) or solid state (ice).

How Many 16Oz are in a Gallon?

There are 16 ounces in a gallon. Check out howtodothings101 if you want more info

How Many 20 Fl Oz of Water Should I Drink a Day

It's no secret that staying hydrated is important for our overall health. But how much water should we be drinking each day? The answer may surprise you.

According to the National Academy of Medicine, the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for water is 3.7 liters (about 15 and a half cups) for men and 2.7 liters (about 11 and a half cups) for women per day. However, these recommendations are just averages. Your individual needs may be higher or lower depending on things like your activity level, climate, and overall health.

For example, if you live in a hot climate or exercise frequently, you'll need to drink more water than someone who lives in a cooler climate or is relatively sedentary. If you're not sure how much water you should be drinking each day, a good rule of thumb is to take your body weight in pounds and divide it by two. That's how many ounces of water you should aim to drink each day.

So, if you weigh 150 pounds, you should drink 75 ounces of water per day. Of course, it's important to listen to your body and drink when you're thirsty rather than following a rigid plan. If you're feeling thirsty, that's a sign that you need to drink more water.

And if your urine is dark yellow or brownish in color, that's also an indication that you're not drinking enough fluids and need to up your intake.

Conclusion

There are 8 20-ounce glasses in a gallon. This means that there are 160 ounces in a gallon.

[kayla1993-world]

Every MLB postseason has its heroes, and this year’s playoffs will surely add a new chapter to that story. The Toronto Blue Jays are returning to the playoffs for the first time since 2020 and will host all three games of the wild-card round beginning on Friday. It’ll be the first time since 2016 that postseason baseball has been played in Toronto.

If the team is to advance to the ALDS, it will need to surge past the Seattle Mariners in the best-of-three set. To be successful, Toronto’s starting rotation, bullpen, and position players must all perform at their best.

With that in mind, here are three players who could potentially serve as X-factors in the wild-card round. As the club’s leadoff hitter and primary center fielder, George Springer is likely to significantly impact the outcome of this series, just as he has during his previous postseason appearances.

The 33-year-old, who’s in his second season with the Blue Jays, has made the playoffs five separate times in his career—all with the Houston Astros. He owns 63 games of postseason experience along with a 2017 World Series ring and a Most Valuable Player award from that same series.

Springer knows what it takes to win a championship at this level. He has done it before and now hopes to accomplish that feat with Toronto. And while he’s a four-time All-Star in the regular season, he is widely known for his incredible performances in October.

The 6-foot-3 outfielder has 19 home runs, 38 RBIs, and a.269/.349/.546 slash line. The veteran slugger also owns a 140 wRC+, meaning he’s been 40 percent better than the league average.

Springer didn’t evolve into a postseason hero right away, as he struggled during his first playoff run in 2015, posting a measly 107 wRC+. When he returned in 2017, however, he began to unlock his full potential, and he hasn’t slowed down since.

Few hitters have been more productive than Springer in the playoffs since 2017. Only Jose Altuve—Springer’s former teammate—has hit more home runs (23) than him during this span, according to Baseball Savant.

The 11th-overall selection from 2011 also ranks third in slugging percentage and isolated power, fourth in weighted on-base average, and tied for fifth in batting average among all qualified big-league hitters.

Injuries are always a concern with Springer, but his nagging elbow issue doesn’t appear to be affecting his current results, as he’s hitting. Since September 25, he's hit 750 with four home runs and a 231 wRC+.

As long as his elbow issue doesn’t flare up, the two-time Silver Slugger should be poised to make a strong contribution versus the Mariners. After spending his entire career with the Kansas City Royals, Whit Merrifield had to adjust on the fly once he was traded to the Blue Jays in August, a delay that hindered his offensive production. But all that has since changed for the 33-year-old.

Merrifield would likely be the first to admit that he underperformed early on with Toronto, slashing 247 with a 45 wRC+ over his first 30 games. He also struck out far more often than expected, with a strikeout rate of 19.0 percent—3.2 percent higher than his career average.

Shortly after teammate Santiago Espinal went down with an oblique injury, though, things started clicking for Merrifield as his playing time increased. And it wasn’t long before he awoke from his offensive slumber.

Since September 21, the versatile defender has had four home runs, 11 RBIs, and an 854 slash line in 44 plate appearances, which has been fueled by a trip to Tropicana Field. His 276 wRC+ and 1.1 fWAR lead all Blue Jays batters.

Since Espinal’s status for Game 1 remains unclear, Merrifield is likely to open the wild-card series at second base. His versatility could also make him a potential option in the outfield if Lourdes Gurriel Jr. can’t play.

The wild-card series will also serve as Merrifield’s postseason debut at the major-league level. He nearly made his big-league debut with the Royals in 2015, but just as the team was set to promote him, it decided against it at the last minute.

As someone who’s finally getting his first taste of the playoffs, he’ll surely be extra motivated to make an impact in front of an energized crowd at the Rogers Centre.

The 2022 season hasn’t gone according to plan for José Berríos, but the right-hander could be vital in pushing the Blue Jays past the Mariners. Alek Manoah is locked in as the Game 1 starter, with Kevin Gausman likely to follow in Game 2, although that could change depending on the outcome of Friday’s opener. If a third game is needed, manager John Schneider may call upon Berríos.

Despite his season-long woes—resulting in a career-worst 5.23 ERA over 32 starts—the 28-year-old has been accustomed to pitching in pivotal postseason moments throughout his big league career. Though he’s only made a pair of playoff starts, only one earned run came against him in each of those outings as he recorded 10 combined strikeouts.

Berríos’s most recent playoff start came against the Astros in Game 2 of the 2020 Wild Card, where the two-time All-Star surrendered just one run on two hits and two walks over five innings. But since the Minnesota Twins' offense only provided him with one run of support, they ultimately fell 3-1.

That likely won’t be a problem for the 6-foot righty this time around, as the Blue Jays have scored at least six runs in 14 of his 32 starts. Not to mention, he’s also coming off a very encouraging performance against the Baltimore Orioles on Oct. 3.

While battling the elements at Camden Yards, Berríos held his opponent to just one run on three hits and three walks while posting five punchouts over six innings. He concluded the regular season by pitching six innings or more in four of his final six starts.

Alternatively, the Blue Jays could turn to Ross Stripling—who’s enjoyed a breakout performance this season—in a potential winner-take-all Game 3. But he doesn’t possess the same postseason experience as Berríos, with all 12 of his appearances coming as a reliever.

In all likelihood, though, both hurlers are likely to be available if the series extends that far. No matter who starts the contest, the other will surely be waiting in the bullpen for his name to be called if needed.

If Berríos doesn’t pitch in the wild-card series, then he’ll be in the mix to start Game 1 of the ALDS in Houston should Toronto advance to the next round.

[bulkyphrase]

Apocalyptic Rec List

I've been on an "end of the world" kick lately, so please enjoy a few of my favorite stories that take place during or after the collapse of civilization as we know it.

Into That Good Night by Nonymos (Explicit, James "Bucky" Barnes/Steve Rogers, 73,540 words)

Summary: Steve Rogers has lived for entirely too long—long enough to see the world's end. The heroes are gone, and the Earth is pushing what's left of mankind towards the exit. But when a makeshift team rises from the ashes, when a mysterious presence all but drags Steve there, he begins to think there may be hope yet. As they shoot for the stars one last time, Steve will get proof yet again that the future is nothing if not an echo of the past.

For You, Sir, Always (The Fairy Godfather Remix) by Veldeia (@veldeia) (General Audiences, Jarvis (Iron Man movies) & Tony Stark, Steve Rogers/Tony Stark, 9,402 words)

Summary: Unable to find a replacement for the toxic palladium core of his arc reactor, Sir has gone into cryostasis to wait for a day when science has advanced enough to provide a solution. While he is indisposed, it is my all-important task to decide when that time has arrived, and to select the person who shall bring him back to life.

The rest after the cut!

This Thing of Darkness by MassiveSpaceWren, Mizzy (@mizzy2k) (Teen And Up Audiences, Steve Rogers/Tony Stark, 18,525 words)

Summary: X-Factor #231 AU. It's been five years since it happened, but Deathlok has spent every day since M-Day wishing he was less human, so going undercover as a human in order to find more humans to slaughter…? It's tough, but Deathlok agrees to do it. The target is Pandora, a base that Deathlok thought was just a rumor, the biggest undercover human resistance camp in the world. The mission turns out to be tougher than Deathlok expects, though, because the leader of the ragtag resistance camp is Tony Stark. Tony, who always has more than one ace up his sleeve. Tony, who Deathlok used to know. Tony, who refuses to call him anything but by his disgusting human name: Steve.

For Whose Love I Rise and Fall by Yeetmeaway (Mature, Steve Rogers/Natasha Romanov, 195,570 words)

Summary: In 1943 Hydra unleashes a deadly virus in its quest to create a new world order-- one that turns its hosts into vampire-like creatures. 75 years later, humanity is on the brink of extinction, protected only by the hunters of SHIELD. Natasha has already lost so much to this-- they are fighting a losing battle and everyone can feel it. But, for the first time in years SHIELD has hope, the possibility of a cure. What else will she give to bring an end to this nightmare?

Relativistic Heat Conduction by BlossomsintheMist (@blossomsinthemist) (Explicit, Steve Rogers/Tony Stark, 69,298 words)

Summary: Age of Ultron-based, but not entirely canon compliant. Written for the 2013 Cap-Iron Man Reverse Big Bang. Ultron has attacked, obliterating most of the world's superheroes and resistance in a matter of hours. The remaining heroes band together and share what strength they have to get through it, to survive, and defeat Ultron once and for all. Steve Rogers grieves in the wake of the disaster and the heroes' defeat, and no one knows if he will be able to provide the leadership they need--but Tony Stark isn't about to let him slip away that easily.

Also available as a podfic read by Pywren (@phyrrhicvictory)

The First Thanks Giving in the New World by indiefic (@indiefic) (Teen And Up Audiences, Peggy Carter/Steve Rogers, 4,715 words)

Summary: All in all, she thinks it’s a relief that he won’t remember it. The day their world died. The day they lost, so completely.

When We Go by sabinelagrande (@stickthisbig) (Mature, Gen, 1,491 words)

Summary: We will all go simultaneous.

Testament by Ranni (Not Rated, Gen, 5,103 words)

Summary: It's not fallout from a nuclear blast. It's not a biological weapon. It's a strain of flu, and there's no treatment. People get sick by the hundreds of thousands, and then people start dying. Some Avengers work on a cure while the others escape to the countryside and try to survive. Until, one by one, they also start getting sick.

Quiet Reflection by fanboi214 (Mature, Steve Rogers/Natasha Romanov/Sam Wilson, 8,641 words)

Summary: This story is set in the MCU after Civil War but before Infinity Wars. It's an imagining of how things might have gone down if the creatures from The Quiet Place had made landfall while the Team Cap was on the run.

blue oleander by starvels (dinosaur) (@starvels) (Mature, Gen, 3,136 words)

Summary: It's been seven years since Earth was destroyed. What remains of humanity, of the superhero community, is on a ship, half-lost in the deep of space. But they're not alone. And what crawls through the portals in the aft cargo bay, day after day, is about as human as Steve feels anymore.

Things Found at the End of the World by fluffernutter8 (@theawkwardterrier) (Teen And Up Audiences, Peggy Carter/Steve Rogers, 5,688 words)

Summary: Peggy's zombie apocalypse experience is not, perhaps, progressing ideally. It's the company more than anything.

The Land of the Living and the Land of the Dead (The Bridge is Love Remix) by igrockspock (@igrockspock) (Teen And Up Audiences, Darcy Lewis/Steve Rogers, 1,938 words)

Summary: Steve's never been good with women. Even the zombie apocalypse didn't change that.

Underground by Margo_Kim (@andhumanslovedstories) (Teen And Up Audiences, Steve Rogers/Tony Stark, 60,101 words)

Summary: Five years ago, Thor's Chitauri army decimated the Earth. Now what's left of humanity lives in bases under the Earth's surface, safe from the toxic atmosphere. Tony likes to think that humanity's adapted pretty well. After all, they have movie nights and dances; they're doing better than could be expected. But when he learns that the little world of safety and stability they've carved out is about to be slowly but surely destroyed, the New York Underground is left with only two options--fight or flight. Tony knows which one he wants. If only Steve weren't on the exact opposite side. Meanwhile, Natasha wants whatever option will save Clint, Pepper wants whatever option will save the base, Maria Hill wants whatever option will save everybody, and nobody's exactly sure who Loki's trying to save, but everyone's hoping it's more than just himself.

Wrapped in Piano Strings by enigma731 (@enigma731) (Teen And Up Audiences, Clint Barton/Natasha Romanov, Steve Rogers/Sam Wilson, 7,345 words)

Summary: It isn't until Ultron puts on a show for Tony--relegates him to the role of helpless audience as Rhodey and Pepper and Fury burn--that he finally tips over the edge of madness, resurrecting the broken corpse of a helicarrier from the depths of his salvage yard and forcefully taking the remnants of the team aboard.

At the end of the world, we finally get to go home by S_Hylor (@s-hylor) (Teen And Up Audiences, Steve Rogers/Sam Wilson, 1,035 words)

Summary: Steve wasn't sure what his real name was, he'd only heard the others call him Falcon. But then with the amount everyone called him Captain, he was slightly surprised he even remembered his own name half the time. It wasn't like the end of the world was really a place for first names, anyway.

Descent by Teyke (@teyke) (Explicit, Steve Rogers/Tony Stark, 67,615 words)

Summary: A hundred years ago humanity fled to the skies to escape the Darkness spreading across the land. Now the Flying Cities are mysteriously sinking, imperilling every man, woman, and child who lives there. Together with the transmution mages Henry Pym and Lady Janet Van Dyne, and joined by the amnesiac immortal Dr. Donald Blake, High Wizard Anthony Stark mounts an expedition down into the Dark, determined to uncover the secrets of the magical calamity that wiped humanity from the face of the Earth.

Also available as a podfic read by tinypinkmouse (@tinypinkmouse)

Glass by PandasaurusRex (@xcaptain-winghead) (Mature, Gen, 859 words)

Summary: "We'll lose." "Then we'll do that together, too." Sokovia crashed, Ultron won, and he always had hated Tony the most.

#marvel fic rec

[ao3feed-stony]

Paradise to Come Home To

by MissionCritical

X-Factor #231 reveals a reality where humankind, rather than mutants, were destroyed during the events of House of M. Only ten percent of the humans are left. Tony Stark rules over a safe zone, while Steve Rogers has become a monster stalking him.

Tonight, one of those things is going to change.

Words: 725, Chapters: 2/2, Language: English

Fandoms: Marvel (Comics), The Avengers (Marvel) - All Media Types, Iron Man (Comics), Captain America (Comics), X-Factor (Comics), Marvel 616

Rating: Mature

Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply

Categories: M/M

Characters: Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Jamie Madrox

Relationships: Steve Rogers/Tony Stark

Additional Tags: Post-Apocalypse, Dystopia, X-Factor #231, Engineer Tony Stark, Tony Stark Feels, Non-Consensual Body Modification, Implied/Referenced Alcohol Abuse/Alcoholism

source https://archiveofourown.org/works/40718340

#stony #steve rogers #tony stark #iron man #captain america #fan fiction #ao3 stony feed #stony fan

[petnews2day]

Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic • Earth.com

New Post has been published on https://petnews2day.com/reptiles-news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic-earth-com/

Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic • Earth.com

During the time of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes that occurred during that period. This is the conclusion of a new study led by the National Scientific and Technical Research Council in Argentina (CONICET) and the University of Utah in the United States.

By analyzing multiple independent lines of evidence drawn from sedimentology, clay mineralogy, and geochemistry, the researchers explored changes in paleoclimatic conditions, such as mean annual temperatures and precipitation, within the Ischigualasto Formation – a collection of fossil-rich sedimentary rocks deposited by rivers and streams during the late Triassic period (about 231 to 226 million years ago) in what are now the San Juan and La Rioja provinces in Northwestern Argentina. Although the scientists managed to identify a clear change from warmer and drier to more temperate and humid conditions, no concurrent major changes could be identified in the fossil record.

“We conclude that variations in the abundance and diversity of species, as recorded by their first and last appearances in the fossil record, are better explained by preservation and sampling biases than by changes in climate,” said study lead author Adriana Mancuso, a paleontologist at CONICET.

“What we see is that how many specimens collected from each interval of the sequence, and the chemical and physical characteristics that allow greater or lesser preservation of the remains of animals and plants, were significant factors. These two factors, collection and preservation, have more influence on the increase or decrease of abundance and diversity than the climate changes recorded.”    

However, Dr. Mancuso and her colleagues managed to identify a relationship between climatic variations and two groups of reptiles: the rhynchosaurs, a group of herbivorous early archosauromorphs, and pseudosuchians, a type of crocodilian-line archosaurs. “We did find that the abundance of rhynchosaurs and extinction of a few pseudosuchian species appear to coincide with a climate shift,” said study co-author Randall Irmis, a paleontologist at the University of Utah.

This study highlights the importance of an explicit framework for testing hypotheses about the correlation between the fossil record and climatic changes. “In addition to the contribution on the relationship of biotic and climatic events in the Ischigualasto Formation, the work provides a methodological framework to test climate-biota associations, highlighting the data gaps that must be filled, and makes new testable predictions that can be tested in future studies,” Dr. Mancuso concluded.

The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Earth Science.

—

By Andrei Ionescu, Earth.com Staff Writer

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toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","interstitial":"","interstitial-2":"","sidebar":"","sidebar-2":"","video":"main":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","sidebar-2":"","category":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","article":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar_top":"","sidebar_middle":"","sidebar_bottom":"","image":"main":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","sidebar-2":"","article":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar_top":"","sidebar_middle":"","sidebar_bottom":"","gallery":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","article":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","sidebar-2":"","image_gallery_infinite":"header":"script":"rnrn","ad":"","interstitial":"","interstitial-2":"","left-sidebar":"","right-sidebar":"","earthpedia-main":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return 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tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","sidebar-2":"","sidebar-3":"","earthpedia-category":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn 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f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];rn ;rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn rn var api = _window.obApi = function() rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn ;rn api.version = '1.1';rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement('script');rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src="https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js";rn tag.type="text/javascript";rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn (window, document);rnrn obApi('track', 'PAGE_VIEW');rnu003c/scriptu003e","ad":"","sidebar":"","sidebar-2":"","plant":"category":"header": [];rn window._tfa.push(notify: 'event', name: 'page_view', id: 1356009);rn !function (t, f, a, x) rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn rn (document.createElement('script'),rn document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],rn '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js',rn 'tb_tfa_script');rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!-- End of Taboola Pixel Code --u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = "text/javascript"u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) rn var OB_ADV_ID = '0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af';rn if (_window.obApi) rn var toArray = function(object) rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? 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This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.0 (Yoast SEO v17.0) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --u003enu003ctitleu003eClimate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic u0026bull; Earth.comu003c/titleu003enu003cmeta name="description" content="During the time of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes" /u003enu003cmeta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:type" content="article" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:title" content="Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:description" content="Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic u0026bull; Earth.com" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:url" content="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:site_name" content="Earth.com" /u003enu003cmeta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/earth.com/" /u003enu003cmeta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-06-13T15:50:15+00:00" /u003enu003cmeta property="og:image" content="https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic.png" /u003entu003cmeta property="og:image:width" content="1545" /u003entu003cmeta property="og:image:height" content="989" /u003enu003cmeta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /u003enu003cmeta name="twitter:site" content="@earthdotcom" /u003enu003cmeta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /u003entu003cmeta name="twitter:data1" content="2 minutes" /u003enu003cscript type="application/ld+json" 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Children in remote school faced more sleep, behavior and social challenges https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/955548","@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#webpage","url":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/","name":"Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic u0026bull; Earth.com","isPartOf":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/#website","primaryImageOfPage":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#primaryimage","datePublished":"2022-06-13T15:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-13T15:50:15+00:00","description":"During the time of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes","breadcrumb":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#breadcrumb","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":["@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/"]],"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":["@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.earth.com/","@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"News","item":"https://www.earth.com/news/","@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic"],"@type":["Article","NewsArticle"],"@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#article","isPartOf":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#webpage","author":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/#/schema/person/58fcc0c23ef9ad66357f2b570e7c01a9","headline":"Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic","datePublished":"2022-06-13T15:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-13T15:50:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#webpage","wordCount":438,"image":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/#primaryimage","thumbnailUrl":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic.png","inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2022","copyrightHolder":"@id":"https://www.earth.com/#organization","@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.earth.com/#/schema/person/58fcc0c23ef9ad66357f2b570e7c01a9","name":"Andrei Ionescu","image":"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.earth.com/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=96u0026d=mmu0026r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=96u0026d=mmu0026r=g","caption":"Andrei Ionescu","sameAs":["http://earth.com"],"url":"https://www.earth.com/author/aionescu/"]u003c/scriptu003enu003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --u003e","__N_SSP":true,"pageProps":"article":"post":"ID":1909372,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-13 09:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:00:00","post_content":"nu003cpu003eDuring the time of u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-largest-megaraptor-discovered-in-argentina/"u003edinosaursu003c/au003e in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes that occurred during that period. This is the conclusion of a new study led by the u003ca href="http://www.conicet.gov.ar/"u003eNational Scientific and Technical Research Councilu003c/au003e in Argentina (CONICET) and the u003ca href="https://www.utah.edu/"u003eUniversity of Utahu003c/au003e in the United States.u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eBy analyzing multiple independent lines of evidence drawn from sedimentology, clay mineralogy, and geochemistry, the researchers explored changes in paleoclimatic conditions, such as mean annual temperatures and precipitation, within the Ischigualasto Formation – a collection of fossil-rich sedimentary rocks deposited by rivers and streams during the late Triassic period (about 231 to 226 million years ago) in what are now the San Juan and La Rioja provinces in Northwestern Argentina. Although the scientists managed to identify a clear change from warmer and drier to more temperate and humid conditions, no concurrent major changes could be identified in the fossil record.u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003e“We conclude that variations in the abundance and diversity of species, as recorded by their first and last appearances in the fossil record, are better explained by preservation and sampling biases than by changes in climate,” said study lead author Adriana Mancuso, a paleontologist at CONICET.u003c/pu003eu003cdiv class="PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa" data-reactroot=""u003eu003cdiv id="pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1-para-inj-0" class="pb-slot " data-parent-div-id="pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() n const observerConfig = n rootMargin: '1200px 0px 1200px 0px',n threshold: 0n n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e n entries.forEach(entry =u003e n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) n );n , observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById('pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1-para-inj-0');n if (div) n observer.observe(div);n n ());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class="PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z" data-reactroot=""u003eu003cdiv id="pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1-para-inj-0" class="pb-slot " data-parent-div-id="pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() n const observerConfig = n rootMargin: '1200px 0px 1200px 0px',n threshold: 0n n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e n entries.forEach(entry =u003e n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) // in viewn window.tude = window.tude n );n , observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById('pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1-para-inj-0');n if (div) n observer.observe(div);n n ());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003ennnnu003cpu003e“What we see is that how many specimens collected from each interval of the sequence, and the chemical and physical characteristics that allow greater or lesser preservation of the remains of animals and plants, were significant factors. These two factors, collection and preservation, have more influence on the increase or decrease of abundance and diversity than the climate changes recorded.”u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eHowever, Dr. Mancuso and her colleagues managed to identify a relationship between climatic variations and two groups of reptiles: the rhynchosaurs, a group of herbivorous early archosauromorphs, and pseudosuchians, a type of crocodilian-line archosaurs. “We did find that the abundance of rhynchosaurs and extinction of a few pseudosuchian species appear to coincide with a climate shift,” said study co-author Randall Irmis, a paleontologist at the University of Utah.u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eThis study highlights the importance of an explicit framework for testing hypotheses about the correlation between the fossil record and climatic changes. “In addition to the contribution on the relationship of biotic and climatic events in the Ischigualasto Formation, the work provides a methodological framework to test climate-biota associations, highlighting the data gaps that must be filled, and makes new testable predictions that can be tested in future studies,” Dr. Mancuso concluded.u003c/pu003eu003cdiv class="PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa" data-reactroot=""u003eu003cdiv id="pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2-para-inj-1" class="pb-slot " data-parent-div-id="pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() n const observerConfig = n rootMargin: '1200px 0px 1200px 0px',n threshold: 0n n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e n entries.forEach(entry =u003e n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) n );n , observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById('pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2-para-inj-1');n if (div) n observer.observe(div);n n ());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class="PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z" data-reactroot=""u003eu003cdiv id="pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2-para-inj-1" class="pb-slot " data-parent-div-id="pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() n const observerConfig = n rootMargin: '1200px 0px 1200px 0px',n threshold: 0n n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e n entries.forEach(entry =u003e n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) n );n , observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById('pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2-para-inj-1');n if (div) n observer.observe(div);n n ());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003ennnnu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.883788/full"u003eu003cemu003eFrontiers in Earth Scienceu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eu0026#8212;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003eu003cdiv class="PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa" data-reactroot=""u003eu003cdiv id="pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3-para-inj-2" class="pb-slot " data-parent-div-id="pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() n const observerConfig = n rootMargin: '1200px 0px 1200px 0px',n threshold: 0n n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e n entries.forEach(entry =u003e n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) // in viewn window.tude = window.tude n );n , observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById('pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3-para-inj-2');n if (div) n observer.observe(div);n n ());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class="PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z" data-reactroot=""u003eu003cdiv id="pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3-para-inj-2" class="pb-slot " data-parent-div-id="pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() n const observerConfig = n rootMargin: '1200px 0px 1200px 0px',n threshold: 0n n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e n entries.forEach(entry =u003e n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) n );n , observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById('pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3-para-inj-2');n if (div) n observer.observe(div);n n ());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003en","post_title":"Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic","post_excerpt":"During the time of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-13 09:50:15","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:50:15","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909372","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","thumbnail":"u003cimg src="https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic-960x640.png" class="img-fluid h-100 wp-post-image" alt="This brief is quite long, but donu0026#039;t worry about capturing every detail! Children in remote school faced more sleep, behavior and social challenges https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/955548" loading="lazy" srcset="https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic-960x640.png 960w, https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic-450x300.png 450w, https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic-270x180.png 270w, https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic-360x240.png 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /u003e","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","formatted_date":"06-13-2022","sidebar":["ID":1909372,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-13 09:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eDuring the time of u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-largest-megaraptor-discovered-in-argentina/"u003edinosaursu003c/au003e in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes that occurred during that period. This is the conclusion of a new study led by the u003ca href="http://www.conicet.gov.ar/"u003eNational Scientific and Technical Research Councilu003c/au003e in Argentina (CONICET) and the u003ca href="https://www.utah.edu/"u003eUniversity of Utahu003c/au003e in the United States.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eBy analyzing multiple independent lines of evidence drawn from sedimentology, clay mineralogy, and geochemistry, the researchers explored changes in paleoclimatic conditions, such as mean annual temperatures and precipitation, within the Ischigualasto Formation – a collection of fossil-rich sedimentary rocks deposited by rivers and streams during the late Triassic period (about 231 to 226 million years ago) in what are now the San Juan and La Rioja provinces in Northwestern Argentina. Although the scientists managed to identify a clear change from warmer and drier to more temperate and humid conditions, no concurrent major changes could be identified in the fossil record.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“We conclude that variations in the abundance and diversity of species, as recorded by their first and last appearances in the fossil record, are better explained by preservation and sampling biases than by changes in climate,” said study lead author Adriana Mancuso, a paleontologist at CONICET.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“What we see is that how many specimens collected from each interval of the sequence, and the chemical and physical characteristics that allow greater or lesser preservation of the remains of animals and plants, were significant factors. These two factors, collection and preservation, have more influence on the increase or decrease of abundance and diversity than the climate changes recorded.”u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eHowever, Dr. Mancuso and her colleagues managed to identify a relationship between climatic variations and two groups of reptiles: the rhynchosaurs, a group of herbivorous early archosauromorphs, and pseudosuchians, a type of crocodilian-line archosaurs. “We did find that the abundance of rhynchosaurs and extinction of a few pseudosuchian species appear to coincide with a climate shift,” said study co-author Randall Irmis, a paleontologist at the University of Utah.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThis study highlights the importance of an explicit framework for testing hypotheses about the correlation between the fossil record and climatic changes. “In addition to the contribution on the relationship of biotic and climatic events in the Ischigualasto Formation, the work provides a methodological framework to test climate-biota associations, highlighting the data gaps that must be filled, and makes new testable predictions that can be tested in future studies,” Dr. Mancuso concluded.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.883788/full"u003eu003cemu003eFrontiers in Earth Scienceu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Climate did not impact dinosaur abundance in the Triassic","post_excerpt":"During the time of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, variations in the abundance and diversity of plant and vertebrate animal species cannot be causally related to the climate changes","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-13 09:50:15","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:50:15","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909372","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-13-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic/","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13093837/Triassic-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":989,"file":"2022/06/Triassic.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Triassic-300x192.png","width":300,"height":192,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Triassic-1024x655.png","width":1024,"height":655,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Triassic-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Triassic-768x492.png","width":768,"height":492,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Triassic-1536x983.png","width":1536,"height":983,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Triassic-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Triassic-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Triassic-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Triassic-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Triassic-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Triassic-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Triassic-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Triassic-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Triassic-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Triassic-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Triassic-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Triassic-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Triassic-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Triassic-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"During the time of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, variations...","ID":1909369,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-13 09:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eA research team led by the u003ca href="https://www.elte.hu/en/"u003eEötvös Loránd Universityu003c/au003e (ELTE) in Hungary has found that u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-did-dogs-become-mans-best-friend/"u003edogsu003c/au003e are capable of creating a multi-modal, or multisensory mental image of their familiar objects. When thinking about an object, dogs imagine the object’s different sensory features, such as the way it looks or the way it smells.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe scientists’ starting hypothesis was that the senses dogs use to identify objects, such as their toys, reflect the ways these objects are represented in their minds.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“If we can understand which senses dogs use while searching for a toy, this may reveal how they think about it,” explainedu0026nbsp;study lead author Shany Dror, a doctoral student in Ethology at ELTE. “When dogs use olfaction or sight while searching for a toy, this indicates that they know how that toy smells or looks like.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIn a previous study published in the journal u003ca href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-93581-2"u003eu003cemu003eNatureu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e, scientists discovered that only a few gifted dogs were able to learn the names of objects. “These Gifted Word Learner dogs give us a glimpse into their minds, and we can discover what they think about when we ask them - Where is your Teddy Bear?” said study co-lead authoru0026nbsp;Dr.u0026nbsp;Andreau0026nbsp;Sommese, a postdoctoral researcher in Comparative Cognition at ELTE.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIn their new study, Dr. Sommese and her colleagues trained three Gifted Word Learner dogs and 10 regular family dogs – which are incapable of learning the names of their toys – to fetch a toy associated with a reward. During the training, the dogs received treats and were praised by the experimenters when choosing that toy instead of a few other distractor toys. In a next step, the researchers observed how the dogs searched for the toy, both when the lights were on and off. While all dogs managed to successfully select the right toy in both light and dark conditions, it generally took them longer to find it in the dark.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIn a second experiment, in which only the Gifted Word Learners participated, the scientists aimed to find out what these dogs thought about when hearing the name of the toy. “Revealing the senses used by the dogs to search for the named toys gave us the possibility to infer what these dogs imagine when they hear, for example, Teddy Bear,” said study co-authoru0026nbsp;Claudiau0026nbsp;Fugazza, an expert in Cognitive Ethology and Dog Behavior at ELTE.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe Gifted dogs were successful in finding the toys named by the experimenters in both the light and dark conditions, suggesting that, when they hear the name of the toy, they can recall the object’s different sensory features and can use this “multisensory mental image” to identify it.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Dogs have a good sense of smell, but we found that dogs preferred to rely on vision and used their noses only a few times, and almost only when the lights were off,” explained study co-author Adamu0026nbsp;Miklósi, the head of the Department of Ethology at ELTE. “Dogs sniffed more often and for longer in the dark. They spent 90 percent more time sniffing when the lights were off, but this was still only 20 percent of the searching time.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThese findings suggest that, when dogs play with a toy, even just briefly, they pay attention to its different sensory features and register this information using multiple senses.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-022-01639-z"u003eu003cemu003eAnimal Cognitionu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Dogs create multisensory mental images of their toys","post_excerpt":" dogs are capable of creating a multi-modal, or multisensory mental image of their familiar objects","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dogs-create-multisensory-mental-images-of-their-toys","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-13 09:19:24","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:19:24","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909369","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-13-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/dogs-create-multisensory-mental-images-of-their-toys/","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13091813/Dog-senses-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":876,"file":"2022/06/Dog-senses.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Dog-senses-300x170.png","width":300,"height":170,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Dog-senses-1024x581.png","width":1024,"height":581,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Dog-senses-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Dog-senses-768x435.png","width":768,"height":435,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Dog-senses-1536x871.png","width":1536,"height":871,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Dog-senses-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Dog-senses-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Dog-senses-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Dog-senses-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Dog-senses-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Dog-senses-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Dog-senses-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Dog-senses-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Dog-senses-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Dog-senses-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Dog-senses-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Dog-senses-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Dog-senses-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Dog-senses-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"A research team led by the Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)...","ID":1909367,"post_author":"30","post_date":"2022-06-13 08:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-13 14:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eA new study has revealed that one in seven rhinoceroses in a South African national park has been infected with a pathogen that causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), known as u003cemu003eMycobacterium bovis (M. bovis).u0026nbsp;u003c/emu003eThe study is the largest ever conducted on free-ranging rhinos. u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe findings demonstrate the potential for diseases to disrupt conservation efforts. If unaddressed, this could lead to increased risks to human health.u0026nbsp;The study tested samples from 437 rhinos, collected from 2016 to 2020 in Kruger National Park. u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe results revealed the presence of u003cemu003eM. bovis u003c/emu003einfection in an estimated 15.4 percent of rhinos. These results are crucial to supporting conservation efforts that protect the already vulnerable rhino population.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eTo aid conservation efforts, scientists with the Animal TB Research Group in SU’s Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, developed a novel diagnostic test to detect u003cemu003eM. bovisu003c/emu003e infection in rhinos.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThese results are also relevant in the United States, where bovine TB is occasionally found in domestic cattle and other livestock. It can travel by carrier species such as white-tailed deer, and it has reached endemic status among deer, bison and elk in parts of North America.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“There are examples of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife systems throughout the world,” said study senior author Dr. Carmel Witte. “In the United States, spillover of infection from cattle has spread to white-tailed deer in Michigan. This, in turn, can create spillback of infection into livestock, and carries a risk of spread to other wildlife and people.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe presence of infection however, does not mean animals are diseased or dying. Professor Michele Miller, who leads the Animal TB Research Group and is the National Research Foundation (NRF) South African Research Chair in Animal TB, said most rhinos can contain the infection if they are otherwise healthy. Much like when humans are infected with COVID-19 and are asymptomatic.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“The infected rhinos are harboring the bacteria, but their immune system is keeping it in check. They are not losing weight or coughing, and if you looked at a group of 400 rhinos, you wouldn’t be able to pick out those that are infected. They can potentially live for years with infection if it is contained," said Professor Miller.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Tuberculosis tends to be a disease that manifests over long periods of time, and when you compound an infectious disease with events such as climate change and unprecedented mortality due to poaching of endangered animals, it is cause for concern."u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eMonitoring rhinos, as well as other animals, can help understand long-term impacts of the infection and prevent further disease spread among wildlife.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThis research is just as important from a human health perspective. For example, to help avoid the next pandemic, livestock and wildlife should be monitored for pathogens that could spread to humans.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe findings did not surprise the research team, as bovine TB is prevalent in at least 15 other species in Kruger - one of Africa’s largest reserves.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu0026nbsp;“While this pathogen may not appear to drastically impact the health of rhinoceros individuals, it has significant implications for conservation management decisions,” explained Rebecca Dwyer, lead author of the study.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“For example, tuberculosis testing in KNP rhinoceroses that are earmarked for translocation for conservation reasons can increase confidence of minimal risk of spread to other susceptible individuals at their destinations.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eSouth African rhinos face other threats such as poaching, habitat loss and drought. This makes it important to translocate them where they can be kept safe.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“But bovine TB is a controlled veterinary disease, so once our research group, in partnership with SANParks, found bovine TB in Kruger rhinos in 2016, the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) imposed movement restrictions to prevent spread of infection to other populations.” said Professor Miller.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eBy doing so, a barrier was created to prevent the rhinos from moving to other national or private reserves. Additional benefits were realized, such as conservation, as Kruger has historically been an important source population of rhinoceros for other conservation strongholds in South Africa and other African countries.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThese findings are important for the conservation of all species, as the spread of pathogens has important consequences for many species, and the ecosystem as a whole.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eFollow this link to the full article in u003cemu003ePNASu003c/emu003e: u003ca href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2120656119"u003ehttps://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2120656119u003c/au003eu0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eKatherine Buckou003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Rhinos show that diseases can disrupt conservation efforts","post_excerpt":"The study is the largest ever conducted on free-ranging rhinos","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rhinos-show-that-diseases-can-disrupt-conservation-efforts","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-13 08:05:27","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-13 14:05:27","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909367","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-13-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/rhinos-show-that-diseases-can-disrupt-conservation-efforts/","author_name":"Kelly Schulz","author_url":"http://Earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/673d512235803be941bbcbb0263a6627?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13080303/Rhinoceros-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":914,"file":"2022/06/Rhinoceros.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Rhinoceros-300x177.png","width":300,"height":177,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Rhinoceros-1024x606.png","width":1024,"height":606,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Rhinoceros-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Rhinoceros-768x454.png","width":768,"height":454,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Rhinoceros-1536x909.png","width":1536,"height":909,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Rhinoceros-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Rhinoceros-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Rhinoceros-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Rhinoceros-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Rhinoceros-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Rhinoceros-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Rhinoceros-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"A new study has revealed that one in seven rhinoceroses...","ID":1909365,"post_author":"57","post_date":"2022-06-13 07:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-13 13:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eScientists u003ca href="https://asm.org/Magazine/2022/Spring/beware-the-plastics"u003eestimateu003c/au003e that between 5 and 13 million metric tons of plastic pollution enter the oceans each year, ranging in size from large, floating pieces to microplastics with a massive combined surface area. Microbes easily become attached to the surfaces of this u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/superworms-capable-of-eating-through-plastic-waste/"u003eplasticu003c/au003e debris and form floating or suspended ecosystems that are rich in biomass. But, since space for attachment is limited on the plastic fragments, it is likely that competition will exist between microbes. Under such conditions it is not uncommon that microbes produce antibiotics as a means of gaining competitive advantage. u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eTo investigate whether these tiny inhabitants of the plastisphere produce antibiotics that might be of interest, a student-led research study was set up under the auspices of the National University and in collaboration with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The researchers modified theu0026nbsp;u003ca href="https://tinyearth.wisc.edu/"u003eTiny Earthu003c/au003eu0026nbsp;citizen science approach (developed by Dr. Jo Handelsman) to marine conditions. They incubated high and low density polyethylene plastic (the type commonly seen in grocery bags) in water near Scripps Pier in La Jolla, Calif., for 90 days, and then cultured and tested the microbes in the laboratory.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers isolated five antibiotic producing bacteria from the ocean plastic, including strains ofu0026nbsp;u003cemu003eBacillusu003c/emu003e,u0026nbsp;u003cemu003ePhaeobacteru003c/emu003eu0026nbsp;andu0026nbsp;u003cemu003eVibriou003c/emu003e. They tested the antibiotics produced by these bacteria against a variety of Gram positive and negative microbes, and found the antibiotic isolates to be effective against bacteria commonly used in the laboratory, as well as against two antibiotic resistant strains.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Considering the current antibiotic crisis and the rise of superbugs, it is essential to look for alternative sources of novel antibiotics,” said study lead author Andrea Price of National University. “We hope to expand this project and further characterize the microbes and the antibiotics they produce.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThis project was part of a STEM education project funded by the National Science Foundation. The results of the research will be presented at theu0026nbsp;u003ca href="http://asm.org/"u003eAmerican Society for Microbiology’su003c/au003eu0026nbsp;conference in Washington, D.C., to be held between June 9 and 13, 2022.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAlison Bosmanu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Plastic debris in the ocean may produce useful antibiotics","post_excerpt":"Under such conditions it is not uncommon that microbes produce antibiotics as a means of gaining competitive advantage. ","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"plastic-debris-in-the-ocean-may-produce-useful-antibiotics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-13 07:41:26","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-13 13:41:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909365","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-13-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/plastic-debris-in-the-ocean-may-produce-useful-antibiotics/","author_name":"Alison Bosman","author_url":"","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13074018/Antibiotics-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":987,"file":"2022/06/Antibiotics.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Antibiotics-300x192.png","width":300,"height":192,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Antibiotics-1024x654.png","width":1024,"height":654,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Antibiotics-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Antibiotics-768x491.png","width":768,"height":491,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Antibiotics-1536x981.png","width":1536,"height":981,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Antibiotics-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Antibiotics-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Antibiotics-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Antibiotics-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Antibiotics-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Antibiotics-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Antibiotics-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Antibiotics-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Antibiotics-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Antibiotics-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Antibiotics-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Antibiotics-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Antibiotics-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Antibiotics-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"Scientists estimate that between 5 and 13 million metric tons of...","ID":1909361,"post_author":"17","post_date":"2022-06-13 05:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-13 11:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eNew research shows that healthy u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-memories-of-fear-are-seared-into-our-brains/"u003ebrainsu003c/au003e fluctuate a lot more in temperature than what was previously known. The study has also revealed that brains are generally warmer than other parts of the body. While normal oral temperatures run around 37°C, the average brain temperature can be 38.5°C, with deeper brain regions sometimes more than 40°C. The brain is particularly hot among women throughout the day, according to the study.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003ePrevious temperature data relied on numbers from intensive care patients, where brain monitoring is essential. Recently, a technique known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has led to non-invasive monitoring in healthy individuals and new data on "normal" brains. For the current investigation, the experts used MRS to monitor how brain temperatures change throughout the day.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“To me, the most surprising finding from our study is that the healthy human brain can reach temperatures that would be diagnosed as fever anywhere else in the body," said Dr. John O’Neill, group leader at the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology. "Such high temperatures have been measured in people with brain injuries in the past, but had been assumed to result from the injury.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“We found that brain temperature drops at night before you go to sleep and rises during the day. There is good reason to believe this daily variation is associated with long-term brain health - something we hope to investigate next.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe scientists used 40 volunteers from the ages of 20 to 40 whose brains were scanned in the morning, afternoon and late evening. The study participants were also given wrist worn monitors to take into account activity levels and individual variations in each person’s "body clock."u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe results showed that there is an overall higher temperature in the brain with age. The scientists hypothesize that it might be harder for the brain to cool off as we grow older.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers were able to compare the data from the volunteers to previous medical data and create a map of the human brain, though they say more data is still needed.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Using the most comprehensive exploration to date of normal human brain temperature, we’ve established ‘HEATWAVE’ - a 4D temperature map of the brain. This map provides an urgently-needed reference resource against which patient data can be compared, and could transform our understanding of how the brain works," said Dr. Nina Rzechorzek, MRC Clinician Scientist Fellow from the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology who led the study.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e"That a daily brain temperature rhythm correlates so strongly with survival after TBI suggests that round-the-clock brain temperature measurement holds great clinical value.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe scientists hope that their research may be used in the future to better understand and treat brain disorders.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe research is published in the journal u003ca href="https://academic.oup.com/brain"u003eu003cemu003eBrainu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eZach Fitzneru003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Surprising study reveals that healthy brains run hot","post_excerpt":"New research shows that healthy brains fluctuate a lot more in temperature than what was previously known","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"surprising-study-shows-that-healthy-brains-run-hot","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-13 09:21:02","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-13 15:21:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909361","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-13-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/surprising-study-shows-that-healthy-brains-run-hot/","author_name":"Zach Fitzner","author_url":"","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7205715c5ad7d716d60b44de04f76272?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/13055837/Brain-3-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1541,"height":1003,"file":"2022/06/Brain-3.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Brain-3-300x195.png","width":300,"height":195,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Brain-3-1024x666.png","width":1024,"height":666,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Brain-3-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Brain-3-768x500.png","width":768,"height":500,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Brain-3-1536x1000.png","width":1536,"height":1000,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Brain-3-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Brain-3-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Brain-3-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Brain-3-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Brain-3-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Brain-3-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Brain-3-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Brain-3-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Brain-3-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Brain-3-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Brain-3-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Brain-3-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Brain-3-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Brain-3-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"New research shows that healthy brains fluctuate a lot more...","ID":1909356,"post_author":"63","post_date":"2022-06-12 09:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-12 15:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eA new survey by The Harris Poll on behalf of u003ca href="https://www.orlandohealth.com/"u003eOrlando Healthu003c/au003e finds that men are likely to be skipping a simple yet critical step in a healthy u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/hummingbirds-cannot-maintain-an-energetic-lifestyle-at-high-altitudes/"u003elifestyleu003c/au003e: an annual checkup with their doctor.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe survey found a third of men (33%) don’t think they need annual health screenings and almost two-thirds (65%) believe they are naturally healthier than others in general. This is statistically impossible, argues Dr. Thomas Kelley, a family medicine specialist at Orlando Health Physician Associates.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Even if you think you’re healthy and you’re not experiencing any symptoms, there can be developing issues that often go unnoticed and can also be life-threatening if left unchecked. Some of those include rising blood pressure that can be a ticking time bomb for a heart attack or stroke, as well as colon cancer, which is one of the most deadly yet preventable cancers that exist.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eAs a primary care physician, Dr. Kelley has heard many excuses from his male patients as to why they skip appointments. He believes the underlying reason is often fear.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“If you're a man and you haven't been to the doctor in a while, you don't really know what to expect.” said Dr. Kelley. “One of the big things that makes it less scary is having that great relationship with a primary care physician, and most men find the process to be easier than they thought. It takes about half an hour and by the end of the appointment you have the big picture about where you stand, what you’re at risk for and what you need to do for your health in the future.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eKelley says building trust with your doctor can reduce nerves and help make conversations comfortable, which often creates confidence in returning.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eBut first, doctors need to get patients in the door. The survey found that 38 percent of men often get medical advice from social media, which can be extremely problematic without reputable medical sources.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eNearly two in five men admit that they focus on their pet’s health more than their own. This wasn’t surprising to Kelley, who argues that taking care of yourself first and foremost is how you can provide care to the others in your life.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIt’s never too late to get caught up on routine appointments and screenings. However, starting as soon as possible is key to taking control of your health.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eCombining annual exams with regular exercise, a balanced diet, drinking plenty of water and finding ways to reduce stress can make a big difference in your overall health.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“It’s much easier to go to the doctor once a year for a wellness checkup and make certain that you’re not developing diabetes, high blood pressure or a heart problem, than to find yourself in an intensive care unit needing heart bypass surgery because you didn't look into those things,” said Dr. Kelley.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThis survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of Orlando Health from May 9 - 11, 2022 among 893 U.S. adult men ages 18 and older.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eKatherine Buckou003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Most men think they are naturally healthier than others","post_excerpt":"A new survey by The Harris Poll on behalf of Orlando Health finds that men are likely to be skipping a simple yet critical step in a healthy lifestyle: an annual checkup with their doctor","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"most-men-think-they-are-naturally-healthier-than-others","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-12 09:49:49","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-12 15:49:49","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909356","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-12-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/most-men-think-they-are-naturally-healthier-than-others/","author_name":"Katherine Bucko","author_url":"http://Earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fa2f663c6ba4d1329c53faa87073353d?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/12094842/Men-health-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":1014,"file":"2022/06/Men-health.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Men-health-300x197.png","width":300,"height":197,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Men-health-1024x672.png","width":1024,"height":672,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Men-health-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Men-health-768x504.png","width":768,"height":504,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Men-health-1536x1008.png","width":1536,"height":1008,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Men-health-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Men-health-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Men-health-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Men-health-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Men-health-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Men-health-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Men-health-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Men-health-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Men-health-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Men-health-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Men-health-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Men-health-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Men-health-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Men-health-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"A new survey by The Harris Poll on behalf of...","ID":1909353,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-12 08:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-12 14:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eAccording to new rules proposed by the Biden Administration on June 9, 2022, electric vehicles charging stations should be placed along Interstates every 50 miles, leading to half a million public charging stations by the end of the decade. These stations should be able to recharge cars quickly, and be located no more than a mile from a major highway. Moreover, they will be prohibited from requiring customers to have a membership or be part of a club in order to use them. u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“EV drivers should be able to count on finding a place to recharge easily wherever they go,” said Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg. “Everyone should be able to find a working charging station when and where they need it without worrying about paying more or getting worse service because of where they live.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThese proposed regulations outlined by Buttigieg and Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm are part of the Biden administration’s efforts to incentivize widespread use of zero-emissions vehicles, with the goal of having half of all new vehicles sold in the United States electric by the end of this decade. If this initiative turns out to be successful, the country’s dependence on foreign oil will be reduced and emissions contributing to u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/marine-viruses-may-help-slow-climate-change/"u003eclimate changeu003c/au003e could be significantly curbed.  u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eEach state will be required to provide at least four of the fastest types of recharging ports (known as “DirectCurrent fast chargers”)u0026nbsp;in order to allow multiple drivers to recharge their cars at the same time. Moreover, companies that build charging stations should provide a standard facility which can accommodate all models of electric vehicles.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThese standards will apply to federally funded charging station in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and are designed to ensure that rural areas and communities would have equal access to electric charging stations as urban regions.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe government promised that it will provide $7.5 billion to create this nationwide network of charging stations until 2030. “If we’re going to build out infrastructure like we haven’t done since the Eisenhower era, we have to do it right,” said Mrs. Granholm.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Biden lays out plan for electric vehicle charging stations","post_excerpt":"According to new rules proposed by the Biden Administration on June 9, 2022, electric vehicles charging stations should be placed along Interstates every 50 miles","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-lays-out-plan-for-electric-vehicle-charging-stations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-12 08:52:26","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-12 14:52:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909353","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-12-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/biden-lays-out-plan-for-electric-vehicle-charging-stations/","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/12084756/Electric-vehicles-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":1018,"file":"2022/06/Electric-vehicles.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Electric-vehicles-300x198.png","width":300,"height":198,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Electric-vehicles-1024x675.png","width":1024,"height":675,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Electric-vehicles-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Electric-vehicles-768x506.png","width":768,"height":506,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Electric-vehicles-1536x1012.png","width":1536,"height":1012,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Electric-vehicles-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Electric-vehicles-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Electric-vehicles-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Electric-vehicles-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Electric-vehicles-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Electric-vehicles-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Electric-vehicles-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"According to new rules proposed by the Biden Administration on...","ID":1909348,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-12 06:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-12 12:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eAccording to a new study presented at u003ca href="https://endo2022.endocrine.org/"u003eENDO 2022u003c/au003e (the u003ca href="https://www.endocrine.org/"u003eEndocrine Societyu003c/au003e’s annual meeting), encouraging moderation, balance, and real-life engagement may help combat the overuse of wireless mobile devices, such as cell phones or tablets, and the subsequent adverse health effects such behaviors cause.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eBy reviewing existing data on the neuroscience underlying addiction to mobile devices, Dr. Nidhi Gupta – the founder of u003ca href="https://kapendocrine.com/"u003eKAP Pediatric Endocrinologyu003c/au003e in Franklin, Tennessee – has discovered that extensive screen time increases the prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes. This study is an extension of Dr. Gupta’s previous research, in which she examined the role of mobile devices overuse in health care settings, and found that devices such as smartphones or tablets are often a source of distraction, errors, procrastination, and inefficiency for clinicians, often leading to an increased risk of burnout.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIn the new study investigating the impact of mobile devices overuse on the general population, Dr. Gupta has found that each hour per day increase in screen time was correlated with a 0.05 to 0.07 increase in body mass index (BMI), most likely caused by online food marketing, distracted eating, and procrastination of physical activities. Moreover, sleep disturbances, daytime tiredness, depression, the odds of using illegal substances, and various cognitive and behavioral issues were also linked to the overuse of mobile devices.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“As a pediatric endocrinologist, the trend in smartphone-associated health disorders (obesity, sleep, and behavior issues) worries me. I often get asked by my patients, ‘What can we do about the screen time?’ A simple but loaded question. It opens multiple avenues to educate and inspire my patients and their families,” Dr. Gupta explained.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIn order to reduce screen time, Dr. Gupta recommended turning off excessive notifications, deleting social media apps, using traditional alarm clocks, promoting “green time” instead of screen time, and closely supervising children’s use of wireless mobile devices.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eIn the case of clinicians, wearing a wristwatch instead of relying on mobile devices as timekeepers, setting boundaries for checking emails, decreasing reliance on text messages, and placing devices in a drawer for 30-minute intervals to work without distractions could significantly boost productivity and safeguard against a wide range of health issues linked to mobile devices overuse.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Moderation is key to avoiding addiction to mobile devices","post_excerpt":"encouraging moderation, balance, and real-life engagement may help combat the overuse of wireless mobile devices","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"moderation-is-key-to-avoiding-addiction-to-mobile-devices","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-12 06:29:43","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-12 12:29:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909348","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-12-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/moderation-is-key-to-avoiding-addiction-to-mobile-devices/","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/12062903/Mobile-devices-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":906,"file":"2022/06/Mobile-devices.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Mobile-devices-300x176.png","width":300,"height":176,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Mobile-devices-1024x600.png","width":1024,"height":600,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Mobile-devices-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Mobile-devices-768x450.png","width":768,"height":450,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Mobile-devices-1536x901.png","width":1536,"height":901,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Mobile-devices-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Mobile-devices-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Mobile-devices-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Mobile-devices-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Mobile-devices-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Mobile-devices-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Mobile-devices-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"According to a new study presented at ENDO 2022 (the...","ID":1909358,"post_author":"13","post_date":"2022-06-12 00:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-12 06:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003ePrey often avoids predators by fleeing in seemingly random directions. Scientists have hypothesized that this unpredictable and sporadic behavior may help prey animals escape. Now, research published in the journal u003ca href="https://www.pnas.org/"u003eu003cemu003ePNASu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e has tested this theory.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eFor the study, researchers at the u003ca href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/"u003eUniversity of Bristolu003c/au003e observed robotic u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/overfishing-is-wiping-out-large-bodied-fish-in-the-amazon/"u003efishu003c/au003e with pre-programmed escape patterns that were either predictable or unpredictable. These robot prey fish were then presented to predatory blue acara cichlids. The robots initially remained still, like a prey fish momentarily paralyzed by fear. Then, the robots fled.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Using robotic prey allowed us to present individual predators with one of two prey escape strategies: ‘predictable’ prey which repeatedly escaped in the same direction from one interaction with the predator to the next, or ‘unpredictable’ prey which escaped in random directions," explained study lead author Dr. Andrew Szopa-Comley.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe predators seemed to quickly adjust to the different types of prey robots. With the predictable prey, the predators adjusted their own speed upon approach, speeding up if the prey was expected to flee directly away but maintaining a slower speed for prey that fled sideways.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eInterestingly, these speed adjustments were done from memory of past encounters, before the prey even moved. Unsurprisingly, the predators didn’t adjust their speed when approaching unpredictable prey.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe strange part of the results is that predators had very similar levels of success whether encountering an unpredictable prey robot or a predictable one. This flies in the face of the hypothesis that unpredictable behavior aids in escape.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“Our results suggest that the predators in our study were able to overcome the potential downsides of facing prey which behave unpredictably. From the prey’s point of view, this raises the question of whether unpredictable behaviour is as widely beneficial as was originally thought," explained study senior author Dr. Christos Ioannou.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe study shows how important it is for a predator to be able to adjust its own behavior to the success of the hunt or the failure of the hunted.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eZach Fitzneru003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Robots reveal how fish hunt down unpredictable prey","post_excerpt":"Prey often avoids predators by fleeing in seemingly random directions. ","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"robots-reveal-how-fish-hunt-down-unpredictable-prey","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-12 12:14:26","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-12 18:14:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909358","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-12-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/robots-reveal-how-fish-hunt-down-unpredictable-prey/","author_name":"Chrissy Sexton","author_url":"","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/12121243/Predator-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1379,"height":1092,"file":"2022/06/Predator.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Predator-300x238.png","width":300,"height":238,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Predator-1024x811.png","width":1024,"height":811,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Predator-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Predator-768x608.png","width":768,"height":608,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Predator-1379x850.png","width":1379,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Predator-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Predator-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Predator-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Predator-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Predator-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Predator-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Predator-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Predator-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Predator-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Predator-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Predator-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Predator-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Predator-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"Prey often avoids predators by fleeing in seemingly random directions....","ID":1909346,"post_author":"17","post_date":"2022-06-11 10:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-11 16:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eAntarctica is dominated by ice, mainly two massive glacial ice sheets called the East and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. Unsurprisingly, these ice sheets have been losing mass in recent years.u0026nbsp;Two glaciers within these ice sheets - the Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers - are especially threatened. Scientists estimate that at the current melt rates, the ice sheets together will add as much as 3.4 meters to rising sea levels in the coming centuries.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eNow, new research led by the u003ca href="https://umaine.edu/"u003eUniversity of Maineu003c/au003e and the British Antarctic Survey has measured the rates of sea level change around Antarctica. The researchu003cemu003e u003c/emu003eshows something disturbing. The glaciers have been retreating at rates not seen for 5,500 years. Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers have lost 192,000 square kilometers and 162,300 square kilometers, respectively. These glaciers alone could add significantly to global sea level rises.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“We reveal that although these vulnerable glaciers were relatively stable during the past few millennia, their current rate of retreat is accelerating and already raising global sea level," said study co-author Dr Dylan Rood, an expert in the Department of Earth Science and Engineering at u003ca href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/"u003eImperial College Londonu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e"These currently elevated rates of ice melting may signal that those vital arteries from the heart of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet have been ruptured, leading to accelerating flow into the ocean that is potentially disastrous for future global sea level in a warming world. Is it too late to stop the bleeding?"u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eDuring the mid Holocene, more than 5,000 years ago, the earth’s climate was much warmer than it is today. Because of the warmer climate, the scientists wanted to look at the sea levels to compare them to what may be our future. To look at the sea levels, the researchers studied sea shells and penguin bones, indicators of sea levels. Using carbon dating, they were able to pinpoint these remains in time.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eInterestingly, sea levels in Antarctica seemed to be lower during the warmer period while at the same time higher globally. This is because the weight of glacial ice pushes land down, causing it to ride lower in the water and ride higher when the ice melts away, relieving the pressure.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eOverall, the researchers have been able to see a drop in sea levels for Antarctica as the glaciers melted but a rise in sea levels nearly everywhere else. To further understand the phenomenon and hopefully find possible solutions, the scientists plan to carry out more research.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href="https://www.nature.com/ngeo/"u003eu003cemu003eNature Geoscienceu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eZach Fitzneru003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Antarctic glaciers are melting at highest rate in 5,500 years","post_excerpt":"the ice sheets together will add as much as 3.4 meters to rising sea levels in the coming centuries","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"antarctic-glaciers-are-melting-at-highest-rate-in-5500-years","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-11 10:29:29","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-11 16:29:29","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909346","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-11-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/antarctic-glaciers-are-melting-at-highest-rate-in-5500-years/","author_name":"Zach Fitzner","author_url":"","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7205715c5ad7d716d60b44de04f76272?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/11102842/Antarctic-Glaciers-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":967,"file":"2022/06/Antarctic-Glaciers.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-300x188.png","width":300,"height":188,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-1024x641.png","width":1024,"height":641,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-768x481.png","width":768,"height":481,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-1536x961.png","width":1536,"height":961,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Antarctic-Glaciers-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"Antarctica is dominated by ice, mainly two massive glacial ice...","ID":1909344,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-11 10:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-11 16:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eAccording to a new study published in the journal u003ca href="https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.18262"u003eu003cemu003eNew Phytologistu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e, u003cemu003eLantana strigocamarau003c/emu003eu0026nbsp;– a highly invasive horticultural herb or shrub native to Central and South America - is the second-ever documented case of a plant creating blue-colored fruits with layered fat molecules, using a trick of light called “structural u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/true-color-ancient-insects/"u003ecoloru003c/au003e.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eStructural color is very common among animals. It is what gives many butterflies their bright blue coloring, or the peacock’s otherwise brown feathers their brilliant greens. This optical illusion of sorts is produced by microscopically structured surfaces fine enough to interfere with light, and is very rare in the plant world. Until now, only six species of plants have been found to produce their fruits’ hues using structural color.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eWhat makes u003cemu003eL. strigocamara u003c/emu003especial is that it creates this structural color in the skin of its berries by using layers of lipid molecules, or fats – a phenomenon previously documented in only one other plant species, u003ca href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/11/science/blue-fruits-viburnum.html"u003eu003cemu003eViburnum tinusu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e.u003c/emu003e To create their unique colors, u003cemu003eL. strigocamarau003c/emu003e’su003cemu003e u003c/emu003eblue fruits use microscopic structures in their skin to manipulate light and reflect the wavelengths human eyes perceive as blue, giving them a distinctive metallic finish.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThus, structurally-colored berries have no color within themselves: when they are peeled and held up to the light, for instance, they look completely translucent. However, when placed against a dark background, they look blue again, due to nanostructures on their surface that are responsible for reflecting the color.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe scientists argue that, in evolutionary terms, structural coloring may help with seed dispersal, which could explain the fact that the handful of plants known to use this strategy are highly invasive and spread all over the world.u003cemu003e u003c/emu003eBy providing a strong contrast with the surrounding foliage, the mechanic, shiny nature of their fruit perhaps attracts animals to eat them and spread their seeds. Moreover, this theory could also fit with the fact that humans are highly interested in using these plants in horticulture.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“The fact that they made their way into horticulture suggests that we are susceptible to the same things are that other animals find attractive about them,” explained study co-author Stacey Smith, a professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the u003ca href="https://www.colorado.edu/"u003eUniversity of Colorado, Boulderu003c/au003e. “We're like, oh, look at that sparkly, cute thing. I should put that in my garden.”u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eHowever, another evolutionary explanation could be that the thick, fatty layer that creates the color is a protective mechanism for the plant, providing defenses against pathogens or improving the structural integrity of the fruit.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eScientists hope that, as more structurally colored fruits are discovered, they will manage to learn more about the evolutionary prompts for this fascinating mechanism. According to study lead author Miranda Sinnott-Armstrong, a postdoctoral fellow at UC Boulder, so few of such plants have been found until now simply because people were not actively looking for them. “They're out there. We just haven’t seen them all yet,” she concluded.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Blue berries found to manipulate light using structural color","post_excerpt":"the second-ever documented case of a plant creating blue-colored fruits with layered fat molecules, using a trick of light called “structural color","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"blue-berries-found-to-manipulate-light-using-structural-color","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-11 10:08:42","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-11 16:08:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909344","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-11-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/blue-berries-found-to-manipulate-light-using-structural-color/","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/11100733/Structural-color-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1545,"height":945,"file":"2022/06/Structural-color.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Structural-color-300x183.png","width":300,"height":183,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Structural-color-1024x626.png","width":1024,"height":626,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Structural-color-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Structural-color-768x470.png","width":768,"height":470,"mime-type":"image/png","1536x1536":"file":"Structural-color-1536x939.png","width":1536,"height":939,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Structural-color-1400x850.png","width":1400,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Structural-color-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Structural-color-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Structural-color-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Structural-color-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Structural-color-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Structural-color-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Structural-color-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Structural-color-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Structural-color-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Structural-color-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Structural-color-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Structural-color-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Structural-color-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"According to a new study published in the journal New...","ID":1909341,"post_author":"59","post_date":"2022-06-11 09:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-11 15:00:00","post_content":"u003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eScientists’ understanding of the Earth’s u003ca href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-evidence-suggests-earths-inner-core-is-rotating/"u003einner coreu003c/au003e – a hot, dense ball of solid iron the size of the planet Pluto – has expanded dramatically over the past three decades. In a new study, a team of researchers from the u003ca href="https://dornsife.usc.edu/"u003eUSC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciencesu003c/au003e has found that the inner core oscillates, contradicting previously proposed models that suggested it consistently rotates at a faster rate than the Earth’s surface. u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eBy analyzing seismic data, the experts discovered that the inner core changed direction in the six-year period from 1969 to 1974, a phenomenon that also explains the variation in the length of day that has been shown to oscillate persistently during the past few decades.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“From our findings, we can see the Earth’s surface shifts compared to its inner core, as people have asserted for 20 years,” said study co-author John E. Vidale, a professor of Earth Sciences at USC Dornsife. “However, our latest observations show that the inner core spun slightly slower from 1969-71 and then moved the other direction from 1971-74. We also note that the length of day grew and shrank as would be predicted. The coincidence of those two observations makes oscillation the likely interpretation.”u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eBy analyzing seismic waves generated from Soviet underground nuclear bomb tests from 1971 to 1974 in the Arctic archipelago Novaya Zemlya, Professor Vidale and his colleagues found that the inner core rotated slower than previously predicted (approximately 0.1 degrees per year). Applying the same methodology to a pair of earlier atomic tests beneath Amchitka Island at the tip of the Alaskan archipelago, the researchers were surprised to discover that the inner core had reversed direction, sub-rotating at least a tenth of degree per year.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“The idea the inner core oscillates was a model that was out there, but the community has been split on whether it was viable,” Professor Vidale explained. “We went into this expecting to see the same rotation direction and rate in the earlier pair of atomic tests, but instead we saw the opposite. We were quite surprised to find that it was moving in the other direction.” These findings support the hypothesis that the inner core oscillates based on variations in the length of day (plus or minus 0.2 seconds during six years) and geomagnetic fields.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e“The inner core is not fixed — it’s moving under our feet, and it seems to going back and forth a couple of kilometers every six years. One of the questions we tried to answer is, does the inner core progressively move or is it mostly locked compared to everything else in the long term? We’re trying to understand how the inner core formed and how it moves over time — this is an important step in better understanding this process,” he concluded.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm9916"u003eu003cemu003eScience Advancesu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003e---u003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003ennu003c!-- wp:paragraph --u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href="mailto:[email protected]"u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!-- /wp:paragraph --u003e","post_title":"Scientists find proof that the Earth’s inner core oscillates","post_excerpt":"the inner core oscillates, contradicting previously proposed models that suggested it consistently rotates at a faster rate than the Earth’s surface. ","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"scientists-find-proof-that-the-earths-inner-core-oscillates","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-06-11 09:04:24","post_modified_gmt":"2022-06-11 15:04:24","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909341","menu_order":0,"post_type":"news","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","formatted_date":"06-11-2022","permalink":"https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-find-proof-that-the-earths-inner-core-oscillates/","author_name":"Andrei Ionescu","author_url":"http://earth.com","author_avatar":"u003cimg alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g" class="avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto" height="32" width="32" loading='lazy'/u003e","thumb":"https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/11090324/Earth-270x180.png","terms":false,"image":"width":1287,"height":998,"file":"2022/06/Earth.png","sizes":"medium":"file":"Earth-300x233.png","width":300,"height":233,"mime-type":"image/png","large":"file":"Earth-1024x794.png","width":1024,"height":794,"mime-type":"image/png","thumbnail":"file":"Earth-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image/png","medium_large":"file":"Earth-768x596.png","width":768,"height":596,"mime-type":"image/png","big-img":"file":"Earth-1287x850.png","width":1287,"height":850,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article":"file":"Earth-960x640.png","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-smaller":"file":"Earth-640x480.png","width":640,"height":480,"mime-type":"image/png","main-article-side":"file":"Earth-454x282.png","width":454,"height":282,"mime-type":"image/png","media-article":"file":"Earth-450x300.png","width":450,"height":300,"mime-type":"image/png","16-9-article":"file":"Earth-350x210.png","width":350,"height":210,"mime-type":"image/png","4-3-article":"file":"Earth-425x375.png","width":425,"height":375,"mime-type":"image/png","small-article":"file":"Earth-125x88.png","width":125,"height":88,"mime-type":"image/png","side-article":"file":"Earth-270x180.png","width":270,"height":180,"mime-type":"image/png","author-avatar":"file":"Earth-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mime-type":"image/png","secondary-article":"file":"Earth-360x240.png","width":360,"height":240,"mime-type":"image/png","featured-article":"file":"Earth-730x410.png","width":730,"height":410,"mime-type":"image/png","product-single-image":"file":"Earth-230x280.png","width":230,"height":280,"mime-type":"image/png","plant-small-image":"file":"Earth-230x260.png","width":230,"height":260,"mime-type":"image/png","image_meta":"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[],"trimmed_content":"Scientists’ understanding of the Earth’s inner core – a hot,..."],"page":"/news/[slug]","query":"slug":"climate-did-not-impact-dinosaur-abundance-in-the-triassic","buildId":"wPa_qD-S5RZ4zwuo5aPM2","isFallback":false,"gssp":true,"appGip":true,"scriptLoader":[] Source link

#Reptiles News

[massivespacewren]

Comic edit done for @stevetonygames for team canon! X-Factor #231 is still one of my favs :D

#stony #stevetony #superhusbands #edit #comic edit #art by wren #X-factor 231

[cyancherub]

hey cassie just to say im in the naruto fandom currently and i would say there is more itachi content than any other character, or him and kakashi at least maybe op could write for a less popular uchiha or it defeats the point of the underrated collaboration?

i do get what you're saying !!! here's my train of thought!

i was judging the 'underrated' factor mostly by looking at the /reader tags on ao3. itachi has 231 works in the /reader tag while bakugou (using him just as an example of a character from a newer/more popular fandom) has 4,839. even kirishima (a side character) has 1,731 works.

i also looked through the x reader tags on tumblr and for a character like bakugou, there are several fics well into 3k+ notes that are just about him. the top posts in the itachi x reader tag have significantly fewer notes, and the posts with thousands of notes are multicharacter posts.

while itachi might not be underrated within the naruto fandom per se, this collab is also meant to focus on characters from older fandoms (not just underrated characters in general) so as i see it, any naruto character is fair game!

but i would definitely love to see people join for a less popular uchiha !!

#to cherub #from a ghost #bftd collab #i do appreciate the input !!! thank you!