#aerobic respiration

[basilthefrogphotographer]

Just learned about the Myxozoan Henneguya salminicola

H. salminicola is a parasite that lives a complicated life cycle that involves two hosts (usually a annelid and a fish).

It doesn’t have the mitochondrial genome which means it lost its ability to preform aerobic respiration.

As far as I know, it is the only animal that physically cannot breathe oxygen. And, yes, it is an animal.

Myxozoa are in the phylum cnidarian, which include corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras, sea pens, sea whips, sea fans, etc.

Myxozoa is also a great example that evolution can go in the “opposite” way. These guys got simpilar instead of more complex.

Please correct me if I got anything incorrect

And here’s an article about it if you want to learn more: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1909907117

#myxozoan #evolution #evolutionary biology #cnidarians #aerobic respiration #just learned about #Henneguya salminicola #H. salminicola #weird animals #science #biology #parasite

[thesciencegirl]

THE RESPIRATION SYSTEM:

part 2: aerobic & anaerobic respiration

part 1 | part 2 | part 3 coming soon

what is aerobic respiration?

aerobic respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in your body.

it requires oxygen

produces a lot of energy.

when does it happen?

happens when there is plenty of oxygen available (so when you're doing normal, everyday activities

just normally breathing

what is anaerobic respiration?

anaerobic respiration does not need/ require oxygen

produces lesser energy than aerobic respiration.

when does it happen?

happens when the body has no oxygen/ has run out (so during strenuous exercise like running or sports which make you tired)

#thesciencegirl #respiration #the respiration system #the respiration system series #the respiration system part 2 #anaerobic respiration #aerobic respiration #lungs #breathing #biology #science about the body

[kumezyzo]

pt.2 of this bf!sap smut cause i realized how short the original part was. this is a direct continuation btw. also, unprotected sex. (wrap it before you tap it kids)

anyway, enjoy! or dont :) m.list

your breathing was heavy, rocking your hips back and forth quickly. your boyfriend had removed your shorts and underwear feverishly a few minutes ago.

you were completely lost in his body heat, your face burried in his neck, and whimpering with every movement.

it was the rough feeling of his underwear against your exposed and sensitice core was everything you needed in that moment. your slick soaking the front material of his underwear.

"you're so wet," he grunts out, feeling your heat and hearing the light squelches from your movements. you whimper at his words, hugging yourself closer to him as your thighs start to burn from your constant movement.

he places his hands on your ass, squeezing harshly as a way to encourage you to keep going. he groans when you grind down at a particular angle, causing him to twitch in his underwear.

he raises his hand to then bring it back down on your ass, a loud slap resonating through your bedroom. you jolt forward at the sting and moan against the shell of his ear. he shift his hands up, wandering up the inside of your shirt and gripping your hips as he shuts his eyes tightly.

"shit," he stops you from moving any more. he looks at you with such lust filled eyes when you pull away from his neck, staring at him in desperate confusion. "sorry, peach, need more."

he pushes you back a little as he slides his underwear down a little and pulls out his dick. your eyes dart back and forth from his face and the precum spilling from his tip. your breathing picks up as you get impossibly closer to him once again.

you moan at the warmth of his length rubbing along your slit. then, you position him to then slowly push it inside of you. both of your moans mixed through the room as how easily he slid in from your wetness.

"fuck yeah," he groaned as he threw his head back, a light thud sounding as he touched the headboard.

you looked at him with heavily lidded eyes and leaned in to kiss his neck. you rubbed your nose into his jaw, his beard scratching the tip of your nose while you began sucking on the skin of his neck.

you began rocking your hips again causing a deep sigh from your boyfriend. his jaw went slightly slack when you subconsciously squeezed him.

when he was able to recompose himself enough, he lightly pulled you off his neck and kissed you harshly. he pulled out of you, eliciting a whimper from you before he turned you on your back. he pulled you farther down the bed harshly, bringing the sheets down with you.

he pushed back into you, this time having full control of you. he starts thrusting into you easily, groaning at the way you moan and the sound of your pussy fills the room.

he couldnt get enough of how you sucked him in and how warm you were. he would be there for hours. and as far as he knew, he would be at this rate.

i feel like this is shorter and worse omg 😭😭 anyway, i listened to hot demon bitches near u like three times before writing this. and im currently listening to cat girls are ruining my life... stan corpse

speaking of i think my next post is gonna be a corpse fic. but dont count on it. also, go read my oc x loki fic cause its cool -nony

#sapnap #sapnap x reader #sapnap x you #anon #dteam #sapnap x y/n #asks #sapnap smut #sapnap x reader smut #smut #dteam smut #dream team smut #sapnap x you smut #idk atp #isnt atp the energy out bodies create during respiration? #or is that plants? #or both? #cause we make like 2 atp during anaerobic respiration #but like 32 during aerobic respiration? #am i right or am i wrong? #okay im done #yall came here for smut #not a 9th grade bio lesson

[vhstown]

cannot wait to learn about nucleic acids and genetics and finish my fat ass book about mitochondria so i can girlsplain about biology and disguise i5 as a spiderverse fanfic

#vee chats #the spider dna thing js so cool to me #cause uhhhhh #in real life it'd probably mess you up #but mahbe not really also cause gene editing is becoming a point of interest #and uhhh our dna actually mutates all the timr its just very verg rare for it to show up as a physical characteristic #cause some combinations in our DNA actually code for the same thing #im waffling #i love bio #still makes me seweresydal tho #and jm thinking how cell composition migut be different considering the heightened strenght... human spider cell hybrid SO COOL #more mitochondria.... increased max rate of aerobic respiration #did you know insects dont have blood theyre just little packages of air #or a fluid similar to blood #IM A NEEK SORRY

[grimark]

i think in the interests of not giving myself another repetitive strain injury, i need to institute a policy of not taking obsessively thorough lecture notes about shit i already know.

#i’ll be sitting there watching a lecture like yes this slide has some important information! #i should write it down so i can remember and refer back to it! #and it’s all like. fairly basic information about aerobic respiration that i already understand #and my brain prioritises it because it’s interesting to me! but i actually don’t have to take notes on it. #it’s not the best use of my time or energy #like. i have a biology degree lmao it's gotta be good for something

[educart-books2023]

Aerobic :

1 In the presence of oxygen 2 CO2 and water 3 Mainly plants and animals 4 The energy produced in a high amount Anaerobic :

1 In the absence of oxygen 2 Ethanol or lactic acid 3 Anaerobic bacteria, yeast, airborne muscles 4 The energy produced in a low amount

#What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms which have anaerobic respiration.

[grand-theft-carbohydrates]

studying for ur masters is a god damn sitcom. during a class presentation i said "anaerobic respiration produces slightly less atp than aerobic respiration" and it's still fucking haunting my dreams

#anaerobic respiration produces like nearly 30 times less atp than aerobic btw #you can bring that fun fact out during dinner parties #like. it doesn't sound important to the layman but the minute i said it everyone's head shot up and stared at me. #the lecturer corrected me straight away #it just suddenly hit me like a train that everyone was expected to be performing at a much higher standard. paying attention to more detail #im fighting for my life beating back imposter syndrome with a lead pipe

[memento-fugaces]

my biology textbook is being hilariously dramatic

#this was v funny in class #especially bc i was basically crying #bc respiration is so difficult #and it feels so. hopeless #i still don't understand aerobic respiration #:((

[ladyiristheenchantress]

Working with Air

Welcome to the third part of my elemental series! Today we will explore some aspects of working with air like offerings, devotional activities, common lessons, aspects, and more! With all that said lets get started!

To preface: I am a devotee to water itself, I am a west witch practioner which means I work within the domain of water, the past, divination, and psyche! I also am a general elemental practioner and have experience working with all of the elements and their aspects!

What is working with air like?

While looking at verified gnosis and cultural nuance some things remain familiar, things like air being both stagnant and rushing, life giving, and more! It is a major backbone (Much like all the elements are for each other) in the way that all organisms that preform aerobic respiration (Air breathing) need oxygen, air, and a form of atmosphere including water based animals. Air does not have a concept of gender (same with all the elements), however you can always ask as a bonding opportunity or follow a cultural addition that may apply pronouns to an element.

In general, air is primordial, but it is considered one of the youngest of the elements mainly because magma, water, and a form of earth had existed before O2, and an actual atmosphere. With that in mind, the air ended up facilitating a lot of growth here on earth, and from there air has many aspects! Air has tempest, dead air, atmosphere, wind, and breath! There are plenty of types of air spirits like syliphs, Sylphons, Spirulites, and more.

Some people work with wind, air anomaly's like tornados and wind storms, and breathwork. Wind and breath teaches more gentle and peaceful lessons about how to take a step back and take a moment for yourself. Someone who works with tempest might receive more lessons relating to coming into your own power and growing a backbone. Each aspect will have different lessons and personality traits, but each of them still follow the same lessons of balance between motion and pause, and even speaking.

In your relationship you may be called to breath work, using feathers, and more that we will be discussing a bit later, however air is will see us like any other animal, and is more apprehensive to engage in a conversation so practioners may have to call out to it first. UPG: Air is really rushing and sometimes can be overwhelming, and we have had many wonderful conversations relating to hard work, taking things as they come, and not falling into unhealthy stagnation. Air has not been very direct and tends to come as needed into my space and isnt an omnipresent force! In general I have needed to call on it first for information or advice, it is also quite stoic and serious when needed but also upbeat and kind when needed.

Finally, air does have some birth connotations, but they are directly indicative of the relationships it has with other elements. Air cannot do its job in a vacuum like space until some level of atmosphere is established. However 'air' can mean different things to different people, and in a way taking a first breath is life!

What are common offerings?

People tend to keep an altar to air near doorways, windows, and living rooms because of the rush of energy as people walk through doors, the energy of change from windows, and more! historically a lot of air honoring comes from within like being outdoors, having windows open, and doing breath work in a special place because of the motion you can feel from the air.

In air practices there are heavy emphasis on working and action! this comes from most of air needing to be moved to be felt, as often times we dont notice when we are breathing or walking through the precious gas. Moving air like with breath, feathers, and fans can be really helpful.

Some common practices include meditation and breath work, energy motion, dance, song, using feathers, fans, and incense scrying are all really common aspects of work! Another aspect is action, doing divination with clouds, the sky, and smoke is helpful, and then another thing is storm chasing, tracking the weather, and observing the atmosphere can also be really good forms of connection.

What are some correspondences?

Crystals - Amethyst, Angel Aura Quartz, Angelite, Celestite, Clear Quartz, Danburite, Flourite, Green Adventurine, Howlite, Kyanite, Labradorite, Rainbow obsidian

Herbs - Poplar, cottonwood, moss, Aspen, Marjoram, Cilantro, Lavender, Rosemary, Lemongrass, Anise, Oregano, Peppermint, Fennel, Asparagus, Celery, Cattail, Hazel, Almond, Bay, Borage, Frankincense

Colors - green, yellow, white

Energy Centers - heart and sacral

Zodiacs - Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius

Tools - Feathers, fans, incense, and books

Scents - fresh, clean, lively

Resources

#air #elemental magick #witchblr #elemental work #pagan witch #witch #magical theory #grimoire #witchcraft #spells #magick #culturalexploration #baby witch #elemental #air magic #air magick #folk magic

[bacteriashowdown]

Trophe (Greek): nourishment, food

Have you ever wondered what bacteria eat?

There are four main distinctions that are made when discussing the metabolism of bacteria. One is about whether or not they use oxygen for cellular respiration; those that do are called "aerobic", while those that use other chemicals are "anaerobic". But this is a matter for a different post: this post will be about the other three distinctions.

Often grouped together, these categories describe the methods organisms use to gain energy. They are all independent, and knowing where a bacteria falls on one of the distinctions is not nearly enough to tell you where it falls on the others. Also, all of these distinctions are spectra, and many organisms use methods from both sides.

Without further ado, I present:

Phototrophs vs. Chemotrophs

This distinction is about an organism's energy source: light, or chemical reactions? Phototrophic bacteria gain energy from photons, while chemotrophic bacteria gain energy through the oxidation of chemical compounds. In both cases, energy is gained through the transfer of an electron -- but in phototrophic organisms, this is triggered by light, while in chemotrophs it is triggered by the breaking of a chemical bond.

It's important to note that if an organism can do photosynthesis, it must be a phototroph, but not necessarily the other way around: photosynthesis requires a little something extra. All plants are phototrophs, and almost all animals are chemotrophs (and I'm pretty sure the phototrophic animals are cheating by using symbiotic bacteria).

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

This distinction is about whether or not an organism can synthesize its own organic compounds. Life is carbon-based, and everyone needs to get that carbon from somewhere. Autotrophic bacteria synthesize organic compounds out of simple sources of carbon, such as carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic bacteria must source these compounds from the environment, and ultimately other forms of life.

Phototrophs can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, and likewise for chemotrophs. Remember that "something extra"? Photoautotrophs are the organisms that photosynthesize, because photosynthesis is the process of storing light energy (phototroph behavior) by converting it into chemical energy with the creation of organic compounds (autotroph behavior). Photoautotrophs form the basis of many ecosystems, with heterotrophic life relying on their by-products. They put energy into the food chain.

Organotrophs vs. Lithotrophs

This distinction is about whether or not the chemical sources of energy for an organism are organic or inorganic. Because cells get energy through electron transfer, even phototrophic organisms need chemicals to steal them from. Organotrophs source electrons from organic compounds, while lithotrophs use inorganic compounds. Both organotrophs and lithotrophs can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Photolithotrophs are far more common than chemolithotrophs, and in fact, only microorganisms can be chemolithotrophs (i.e. capable of extracting energy from inorganic compounds, without the use of light). Plants are photolithotrophs; they get their energy from carbon dioxide, a simple inorganic molecule.

Lithotrophs are diverse, and while each species tends to be highly specialized, there is a wide range of chemicals on which they can feed. Various lithotrophic bacteria use ions such as sulfur, hydrogen, ammonia, iron, and carbon monoxide as their source of energy. Meanwhile, the energy sources for organotrophs are more familiar, including protein, fatty acids, and carbohydrates.

Bonus fact: human beings are chemoheteroorganotrophic! We source our energy, and our carbon molecules, from complex organic compounds that we consume.

Please enjoy this graphic that I made in MS Paint.

Keep an eye out for these terms when I make the bacteria propaganda posts!

#info post

[er-cryptid]

Organelles

Nucleus -- located near the center of the cell -- contains the genetic material of the cell (DNA) and nucleoli -- site of ribosome and messenger RNA synthesis

Nucleolus -- located in the nucleus -- site of ribosomal subunit assembly

Ribosomes -- located in the cytoplasm -- site of protein synthesis

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -- located in the cytoplasm -- has many ribosomes attached -- site of protein synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum -- located in the cytoplasm -- site of lipid synthesis -- participates in detoxification

Golgi Apparatus -- located in the cytoplasm -- modifies protein structure -- packages proteins in secretory vesicles

Secretory Vesicle -- located in the cytoplasm -- contains materials produced in the cell -- formed by the Golgi apparatus -- secreted by exocytosis

Lysosome -- located in the cytoplasm -- contains enzymes that digest material taken into the cell

Mitochondria -- located in the cytoplasm -- site of aerobic respiration -- major site of ATP synthesis

Microtubule -- located in the cytoplasm -- supports cytoplasm -- assists in cell division -- forms components of cilia and flagella

Centrioles -- located in the cytoplasm -- facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Cilia -- located on the cell surface with many on each cell -- move substances over the surface of certain cells

Flagella -- located on sperm cells -- one per cell -- propels sperm cell

#medblr #studyblr #notes #my notes #anatomy and physiology #anatomy #physiology #biology #bio #bio notes #biology notes #anatomy notes #physiology notes #cells #cells notes #microbiology #microbiology notes #studyblr notes

[adashofniallandasprinkleoflunacy]

that trend going around where one person asks the friend group what they think they made on an exam and they respond with an A and then it cuts to their actual grade??

I wish it existed back when I was a freshman in college bc one of my friends responded to an open ended question that said “model and explain the sequence of reactions that occur in the mitochondria that creates aerobic respiration” and it was supposed to be the whole outline for the krebs cycle and the only thing he wrote for that 15 pt question was “kerb cycle??”

#first ever college semester was such a defining moment in my life I miss seeing my friends every day!!!! and being collectively stupid!!

[o-craven-canto]

By ceaselessly experimenting novel genetic combinations, the prokaryotes managed to “invent” photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, nitrogen fixation, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, methanotrophy, the anammox pathway, numerous form of lytotrophy and much more. Eukaryotes, in contrast, adopted phagotrophy as the primary feeding mechanism and restrained sexual recombination within the relatively narrow space allowed by meiosis. Consequently, the main way they could expand their metabolic repertoire was through endosymbiotic association with prokaryotes. If today all eukaryotes disappeared from the Earth, global productivity would reduce dramatically and large parts of the continents would become dry, inhospitable deserts. Yet, the Earth would most likely remain a planet teaming [sic] with life, and its geochemistry would not change radically. Conversely, if all prokaryotes suddenly disappeared, the geochemistry of the planet would be completely overturned and the eukaryotes almost certainly would not make it alone. In spite of their superior metabolic versatility, prokaryotes are exceedingly conservative in terms of morphologic and genomic complexity, to the point that bacteria living 3 billion years ago do not appear to be morphologically different from those existing today. We do not quite understand why prokaryotes have remained morphologically simple, despite being so diverse in their biochemistry and so versatile in their ability to extract a living from gases and rocks. Eukaryotes, in contrast, have a propensity to develop increasing complexity. Although usually retaining unicellular forms, all major eukaryote lineages independently evolved a multicellular organization, and five evolved complex multicellularity. Eukaryotes have a superior ability in niche construction encompassing the inside of their cells, multicellular organs (e.g. the animal gut and plant roots), and large-scale phenotypic extensions such as the soil, coral reefs and forest canopies up to multi-level oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems, for none of which there is a counterpart in the prokaryotic world.

-- Roberto Ligrone, Biological Innovations that Built the World: A Four-billion-year Journey through Life and Earth History, 2019, p. 222 (6.11)

#biology #books #quotes

[pomelogrl]

anyway aerobic respiration is the oxidation of glucose and anaerobic respiration is the incomplete oxidation of glucose therefore anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration also to meet an increased heart rate the body will speed up the heart rate and breathing rate and breath volume in order to produce more energy to supply the muscles with oxygenated blood and if there is not enough oxygen anaerobic respiration will take place and cause a build up of lactic acid which needs to be removed through an oxygen debt which is the amount of oxygen needed to react with lactic acid to remove it and removal of lactic acid happens when it is transported from the muscles to the liver through the blood and there it is converted back to glucose andddd also metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

#txt

[polwigle]

ok so I've been rotating Pikmin 4 in my brain for the last month or so and I think I've figured out something about the post-game! it's essay time :)

(under read-more for both inherent spoilers and length, bc hoooo boy this got out of hand. no spoilers for anything past the early post-game though!)

So the main reason for the post-game happening in the first place is because Oatchi, who for some reason sprouted a leaf on his tail on the way to Hero's Hideaway, gets sick as soon as the Rescue Corps tries to leave the planet. The same thing happened to Moss when Olimar tried to leave earlier. Seems like everyone who got Leafed™ is stuck on PNF-404 unless they can get de-leafed, for reasons unknown to anyone in-universe.

But I think I figured out what's going on, and it's not some nefarious plot to get the Pikmin a permanent leader. (Not the 'can't leave the planet' thing, anyway. I don't claim to know how Oatchi got Leafed™ in the first place.) In this essay I will attempt to prove that plants can't breathe in space.

Let's start by looking at some canon facts:

Lemma 1: Aliens Can't Breathe on Earth

PNF-404 is clearly Earth, at an unspecified point in the future (though I believe it to be relatively recent, as detailed in my last essay[1]).

PNF-404's atmosphere is rich in oxygen. Assuming the planet's atmosphere hasn't changed substantially from the Earth we know, approximately 21% of the air is oxygen[2].

[Data source linked in image: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html]

Oxygen is known to be poisonous to Hocotatians, as stated numerous times through the series.

While Koppaites technically can breathe some oxygen, PNF-404 has three times as much oxygen in its atmosphere than Koppai does[3], so Koppaites still need spacesuits to survive on PNF-404.

It is unknown how natives of other planets handle oxygen, but Collin describes it as poisonous, so it appears at least Giyans(?) cannot breathe oxygen. (As Koppaites are also distinguishable by their rounded ears, I suspect oxygen may be poisonous to all pointy-eared castaways.)

Leaflings, regardless of their planet of origin and contrary to the Rescue Corps' expectations, can breathe in PNF-404's oxygenated atmosphere just fine without helmets. (There's a tangent here I could write a separate essay on, but that's for later.)

Oatchi does not wear a helmet, and can apparently breathe just fine on PNF-404 even before his spontaneous leafification. (This could also lead into its own essay, but suffice to say, his species' origins are unknown in-universe. He was born on Giya, but presumably did not evolve there.)

So basically, if you are a small alien in this world, unless you are a plant or perhaps a dog, you do not want to be exposed to oxygen. Especially not the high concentrations of oxygen on PNF-404.

With that established, we now need to consider real-world biology for a second. There's one more thing to note that isn't discussed in-universe:

Lemma 2: Plants Can Breathe on Earth

Plants need oxygen to live! Not to "breathe" per se, that's not an accurate word for something that doesn't have lungs, but for "aerobic respiration", which at a cellular level is at least one reason why things with lungs breathe, so, close enough for this context.

Plants make their own oxygen while they're photosynthesizing. But when they don't have the light they need to photosynthesize (at night or in other darkness), they take in oxygen from around them to respire with[2][4][5].

In the context of Pikmin biology, Blue Pikmin in particular are described as "breathing" multiple times, usually in the context of breathing underwater. One log from the US version of Pikmin 3 even has Brittany say they're "extracting oxygen from the water"[6]. The equivalent European localization just says they're breathing, but they do seem to be specifically taking in oxygen in the process.

In summary, though oxygen is lethal to the core cast of castaways, the plant life on PNF-404, Pikmin included, can't live without it!

Thesis: Plants Can't Breathe in Space

We know oxygen is poisonous to both Olimar and most of the Rescue Corps, with the exception of Oatchi. Therefore, they would not want it inside their spaceships! Meaning the air inside the S.S. Shepherd (and S.S. Dolphin) would contain only trace amounts of oxygen, if any at all, during space flight.

Plant life from PNF-404, including Pikmin and adjacent leafy creatures, need oxygen to breathe. They only make their own while photosynthesizing, which requires plenty of light. But space is dark. Most of the light inside the S.S. Shepherd is from distant stars outside and the glowing antennae of helmets. (The cargo hold Moss was in may have been even darker.) That's probably not enough light to photosynthesize…

The leafy space dogs can't leave the planet because every vehicle that tried to take them away from the planet was devoid of oxygen.

He's suffocating!! ;A;

Counterpoint: Can Aliens Breathe in Space?

Of course, one thing doesn't immediately line up with my conclusion… Even while Oatchi is theoretically suffocating aboard the S.S. Shepherd, everyone else is still wearing helmets, implying there's too much oxygen around them to safely remove them.

There's probably still some oxygen in the ship — not enough for Oatchi to breathe, but too much for anyone else to breathe. Filtering air doesn't happen instantaneously! And given the severe state of disrepair the S.S. Shepherd was in at the start of the game, being completely out of power, the air filtration systems would have also been shut down. So oxygenated air from PNF-404 was in the ship when they took off, and was in the process of being filtered out as they flew off.

Oatchi's 'symptoms stabilizing' when the S.S. Shepherd stopped flying away might seem to suggest there's something more specifically binding him to the planet… Or the air filtration process might have paused while the ship is stalled, to conserve precious Sparklium energy.

TL;DR: Leafy space-sickness isn't some nefarious Pikmin plot. Plants just can't breathe in space. It's not a feature, it's a bug.

References:

[1] Continental Drift vs Pikmin Lore (my first tumblr essay): https://polwigle.tumblr.com/post/657518379437064192/polwigle-polwigle-in-light-of-the-release-and [2] Needs of Plants: https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/needs-plants [3] Koppai (cite note 3): https://www.pikminwiki.com/Koppai#cite_note-3 [4] Oxygen For Plants – Can Plants Live Without Oxygen: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/can-plants-live-without-oxygen.htm (also source of atmosphere pie chart image) [5] Do Plants Need Oxygen? What Oxygen is Used For & Why: https://flourishingplants.com/do-plants-need-oxygen/ (also source of How Plants Use Oxygen image) [6] Pikmin 3 Voyage Log (Blue Pikmin): https://www.pikminwiki.com/Pikmin_3_voyage_log#Blue_Pikmin

#pikmin #pikmin 4 #pikmin 4 spoilers #pikmin theory #epic length ramble

[consult-sherlockholmes]

What's your favorite poison and why?

Finally an interesting question. There are many answers to this, depending on the used definition of poison and for what it would be intended for. Whether I find a poison interesting enough is mostly determined by how fascinating it’s biochemical mechanisms are, but also if it’s nondetectable and rare, how clever it would be in a murder. 

Some more common poisons can have very fascinating biochemical properties like cyanide, which inhibits enzymes neccessary for aerobic respiration and suffocating a person on a cellular level. But they are more commonly used in murders, making them more easily traceable, less creative and thus less interesting then. Just obvious. I prefer rarer poisons, less obvious. The more cunning and sophisticated, the better. Toxins which you can barely detect, unless you know what you are looking for, but most people are idiots and won’t think about it. Perfect murder. Unless you consult me of course.

And especially natural poisons are the most toxic, like Botulinum toxin which was used in some of my cases. Especially neurotoxins like this work in fascinating ways, Tetrodotoxin from pufferfish, shutting down nerve cell communication, slowly paralysing and shutting the body down by respiratory failure. This poison is especially cruel because the victim can still be conscious and lucid, even if they are completely paralyzed, unable to talk or move, to do nothing except to suffer and wait for death approaching. 

Another very potent and very rare poison is Polonium-210, killing by acute irradiation, no antidote and it takes days to show effects, giving the murderer enough time to get an alibi or leave the country. Of course the trail of radiation can lead to the killer if not handled correctly. Very fascinating poison, but difficult to acquire, which is why it’s only knowinlgy used by secret services, but there might be more cases where it was never detected. As you can see it’s difficult to pick favourites with such diverse acting mechanisms of poisons and their interesting ways to kill.  

However, if you meant favourite poison in a more recreational way, then my clear answer is cocaine. Which also has cardiotoxic effects so it can be used as a poison resulting in overdoses, but it’s subjective personal effects are much better than to use it to kill someone, I assure. A more poisonous drug would be fentanyl, very strong opioid resulting in respiratory depression, 120 times stronger than morphine, difficult to dosage. Though I prefer morphine for personal use. But even nicotine can be considered a poison if overdosed. But it’s all just subjective defintions, to quote Paracelsus  “What is there that is not poison? All things are poison and nothing is without poison.”

#biology #science #scientists #chemistry #biochemical #biochemistry #chemic #poison #toxins #crime cases #biochem major #laboratory #university #student #chemistry major #Sherlock Holmes #Sherlock #bbc sherlock #sherlock BBC #Sherlock roleplay #sherlock rp #johnlock #john watson #acd sherlock #roleplay #sherlock fandom #rp #johnlock roleplay #sherlock and john #221b baker street