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redshift-13 · 3 years

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Named a Best Book of the Year by NPR, Boston Globe, and Literary Hub Winner of the 2017 Prix Goncourt, this behind-the-scenes account of the manipulation, hubris, and greed that together led to Nazi Germany’s annexation of Austria brilliantly dismantles the myth of an effortless victory and offers a dire warning for our current political crisis. February 20, 1933, an unremarkable day during a harsh Berlin winter: A meeting of twenty-four German captains of industry and senior Nazi officials is being held in secret in the plush lounge of the Reichstag. They are there to extract funds for the accession to power of the National Socialist Party and its Chancellor. This opening scene sets a tone of consent that will lead to the worst possible repercussions. March 12, 1938, the annexation of Austria is on the agenda: A grotesque day intended to make history—the newsreels capture a motorized army on the move, a terrible, inexorable power. But behind Goebbels’s splendid propaganda, an ersatz Blitzkrieg unfolds, the Panzers breaking down en masse on the roads into Austria. The true behind-the-scenes account of the Anschluss—a patchwork of minor flourishes of strength and fine words, fevered telephone calls, and vulgar threats—all reveal a starkly different picture. It is not strength of character or the determination of a people that wins the day, but rather a combination of intimidation and bluff. With this vivid, compelling history, Éric Vuillard warns against the peril of willfully blind acquiescence, and offers a reminder that, ultimately, the worst is not inescapable.

Reviews

Named a Best Book of the Year by NPR, Boston Globe, and Literary Hub “Vuillard’s writing is spare, angry and powerful…a chilling, brilliant look at the rise of fascism in the 1930s that also works as a warning for today.” —NPR, Best Books of the Year “Gripping…a tour de force…this unusual work…peel[s] away the veils of dissimulation, disguise and self-justification that conspire to make historical disasters appear as just the way things happen.” —Wall Street Journal “[A] remarkable account…It captures the bizarre blend of wishful thinking, clownish self-importance, and cold calculation that characterized many of the Nazis’ powerful enablers.” —The New Yorker “Extraordinary, disturbingly resonant.” —BBC “Powerful…a sure-footed blend of storytelling and reevaluated history…Each vignette works in isolation. Together they create a compelling picture. Eighty years on from the Anschluss, in an age of fake news and real threats, rising nationalism and diminishing freedoms, they also cohere into a timely cautionary tale.” —Star Tribune “Vuillard has a good eye for issues such as war, empire, the fate of colonized peoples, and the gulf between perception and reality…[His] prose—muscular, concrete, richly inventive, ironic, sardonic, opinionated—is no doubt the feature of The Order of the Day that most appealed to the Goncourt jury. Vuillard is expert at black humor.” —New York Review of Books “[The Order of the Day] scripts the awful behind-the-scenes march, with all its corporate and foreign complicity, from 1933 to Hitler’s rise to power in ways so closely observed it feels lived.” —Boston Globe, Best Books of the Year “[A] masterpiece…[Vuillard] illuminates in glorious and ugly precision how the concentration of wealth and power, a cult of personality, political corruption, bigotry, and narcissism are the necessary but sometimes ignored steps that lead to catastrophe.” —Kerri Arsenault, Literary Hub, Favorite Books of the Year “With chilling precision and moral authority, Vuillard draws a straight line between the marching orders Hitler gave to Germany’s moguls, and the Anschluss…Vuillard’s language is beautifully and economically crafted; his judgments raise crucial questions…a clarion call to our current era.” —The Millions “‘Don’t believe for a minute that this all belongs to some distant past,’ Vuillard writes, and this poetic, unconventional history compels the reader to agree.” —Publishers Weekly “A short, sublime history that provides a necessary and contemporary service by stripping away the mythic quality of Nazi fascism.” —PopMatters “In this meticulously detailed and evocative book, history comes alive, and it isn’t pretty.” —Kirkus Reviews “A slim but powerful volume.” —Foreign Policy “A staggering work…While Vuillard has mastered the art of presenting events with a grotesquely comical slant…he never lets up on the tension…a deeply moving book. Don’t miss it.” —France-Amérique “In this powerful, heartrending short book, Éric Vuillard demonstrates how slowly and inexorably a catastrophe unfolds: from a meeting in February 1933 of the captains of German industry gathered to finance Hitler’s rise to absolute power, through March 12, 1938, the date of the Anschluss, a prelude to the Final Solution that drove hundreds perhaps thousands of Viennese Jews to suicide, all the way to the Nuremberg Trials and the vileness of German industry’s complicity in Hitler’s death camps. A virtuous achievement!” —Louis Begley, author of Wartime Lies “A soul-piercing meditation on how the accretion of individual acts can save civilization—or hurl it into the abyss. Enable or obstruct? That is the choice when the future rests on a knife’s edge, Éric Vuillard shows in this haunting tale. His vivid portrait of the greed and timidity of two dozen business and political ‘leaders’ who refused to see what they might have stopped suggests that the future may well depend on the rest of us finding courage in ourselves and one another.” —Nancy MacLean, author of Democracy in Chains: The Deep History of the Radical Right’s Stealth Plan for America “A fresh, multifaceted reexamination of a seemingly well-known moment of twentieth-century history.” —World Literature Today

#vichy france #fascism #history #french history #anti-fascism #éric vuillard #germany #new books in translation

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trinuviel · 5 years

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A Lady’s Armour - Some thoughts on Sansa Stark’s season 8 black dress (part 1)

Game of Thrones is moving towards the endgame and promo season is upon us. That means teaser trailers, photo shoots and posters - and it also means a sneak peak at some of the new costumes. I’m a big fan of Michele Clapton’s work on the show so I’m really excited to see some of the new costumes, especially for the female characters.

Not long ago Sophie Turner revealed that Sansa Stark would get an all-black new costume made of leather - and she characterized it as a kind of armour:

“This is the first time I’ve had armor,” Sophie Turner tells EW. The costume is not Jaime Lannister or Brienne of Tarth-style metal armor, but more like a jet-black ensemble made of thick leather or similar material. (Sophie Turner, Entertainment Weekly)

This quote provoked a lot of discussion among Sansa fans - some loved the idea while others hated it. However, we were all thrilled that to know that she got a new costume because at that point the teaser trailers and the still photos only showed Sansa wearing costumes from season 7.

The costumes in question were the charcoal dress with the feathered bodice and another grey piece with patterned fabric. She also wore her signature Stark furs.

Luckily, the new ForTheThrone posters and the big EW photo spread gave us a look at one of Sansa’s new costumes: a spectacular black dress (with a blue tint?) made up of soft and glossy leather.

It looks to be an intricate piece made up of a staggering amount of tiny leather flaps sew together in an overlapping pattern, which creates a richly textured surface. I’m can’t wait to see it on the screen, in motion, because it promises to be a show-stopping piece.

The question is, of course, whether this dress is the costume that Sophie Turner refers to - but unless she has two jet-black leather costumes, I think it is safe to say that this textured leather dress is the armour costume that Turner refers to. However, it doesn't look armour in a practical sense - it is not a garment that will block a weapon. Rather, it is a protective garment in a more symbolic sense. The leather dress covers the actress from neck to ankle and it incorporates the heavy leather belt that wraps around her torso, which is an element that was designed to convey how Sansa emotionally protects herself after all the abuse she has suffered:

“All the characters’ costumes are a consequence of the journey and lifestyle,” Clapton states, particularly referencing a favorite piece of hers — Sansa’s belt. “This is her taking back control of her body. I designed it to wrap around over her side-laced dress to represent the absolute removal of any possible physical touch. Her dresses are also tightly-laced on, incredibly difficult to remove.” (Michele Clapton, Making Game of Thrones)

“With one of the key pieces this year, I wanted it to look as if she was actually sewn or laced into her dress—like there was no way in. So I designed a belt that comes around the neck, across the chest and around the waist. She’s trying to protect herself from all the awfulness that’s happened. It’s a form of armor. It will be interesting to see how that moves forward.” (Michele Clapton, Elle)

With this new dress we see the same effect. Sansa’s body is tightly bound and completely encased in this second skin of leather - and that certainly plays into the idea that Sansa’s costumes express how she’s building walls to protect herself. However, Sophie Turner also said something interesting about this new dress:

“We the idea of it being very protective and she buttons herself up,” Turner says. “I wanted her to have a bit of armor and be a bit more warrior like. She’s like the warrior of Winterfell.” (Sophie Turner, EW)

So Sansa is still armoured - but it isn’t just about keeping people at arm’s length anymore but also a reflection of the fact that battle against the Army of the Dead is finally here and that she is ready for war. So it is about protection but also a battle dress signalling that Sansa is a leader, a warrior of Winterfell on the symbolic level. She isn’t going to wield a sword but she is involved in organizing the defense, we saw that in season 7.

There’s a stylistic continuity to the new costume in that it has almost the same silhouette as her season 7 costumes. It is the colour and the material that has changed. The only other difference is the absence of the shoulder tabs that characterized Sansa’s dresses in season 7. We don’t know when Sansa will wear this new black leather dress but I think she’ll wear it in the 2nd and/or 3rd episode (when the big battle most likely will take place at Winterfell). I don’t think this dress will incarnate Sansa’s final style at the end of the story.

I my opinion, this is very much a transitional costume. It keeps the general silhouette of her season 7 costumes with the high neck and the hidden side-lacing on the front of the bodice. It also keeps the belt and it looks as though the feathers that adorns the bodice of the season 7 dress has spread entirely over the new black dress. So, no, this is most likely not Sansa’s only new costume nor the final one she’ll wear on the show.

A MATTER OF TEXTURE

As the photos show, Sansa’s new black gown is heavily textured - an effect that is created by what looks to a multitude of tiny leather flaps sewn together to create a kind of scaly appearance. This texture is really what draws the eye, mainly because it covers the entire dress but also because the material is very different from the more muted and discrete textures of Sansa’s season 7 costumes (@lostlittlesatellites has written a great essay on the subject of the textures in the season 7 costumes).

The question is: Is this visually extravagant texture just an aesthetic feature or does it have symbolic meaning? The answer is: Yes! Michele Clapton has always approached costume design in terms of narrative where patterns, colours and embroidery all tell a story about the characters. However, in regard to season 7 she really emphasized how the costumes are saturated with meaning:

We try to be really symbolic about everything everyone wears now.” (Michele Clapton, Insider)

So when every detail is has meaning, when the elements of a costume are symbolic, what does the scaly texture of Sansa’s black leather dress signify? There are several options, which I’ll consider in the following section.

Dragonglass?

I’ve seen several people mention dragonglass (obsidian) in relation to this dress, probably due to the bluish iridescence we can see in the photos and because the dress has been described as armour and obsidian is a hard substance that can protect people against the White Walkers.

There is a certain resemblance when we put a photo of the dress and a piece of chipped obsidian side by side - and there certainly is a similarity between the blue tint of this dress and the way dragonglass looks in the cold North (where the scenes are often filmed with a blue tint).

The dress appears blue-black and very shiny in the photos but we have to take into account that the lighting for a photo shoot is much stronger than the lighting on the show and we also have to remember that the photos have been through a photo editing program, which may have enhanced the bluish shine. It is possible that the leather isn’t jet-black like Sophie said but has a bluish tint and it is possible that it has been treated in a way that makes it reflect light more than usual. It is hard to tell what is Photoshop, what is an effect of the lighting and what is the dress itself with the pictures we have - even when we zoom in on a photo taken in daylight.

However, jet-black is a glossy black colour - and if the leather is shiny and glossy as all the photos strongly suggest, then reflected light will show up as dark blue.

Initially, I wasn’t really sold on the idea that that this dress could evoke dragonglass but in a private discussion @lostlittlesatellites presented some interesting arguments, such as the visual similarities between the dragonglass in Gendry’s smithy (seen in the trailer) and the photos of Sansa’s dress. She also suggested that a dragonglass reference could work as an image of strength but also as another type of “glass” as a foil to the brittle glass pieces that adorns Cersei’s season 7 costumes (x).

“I mean with Cersei I wanted to show this brittleness to her. So I started adding these jagged edges and points to what she was wearing. I’m trying to give clues to their situation, to subtly show when the characters are feeling strong, when they are feeling weak.” (Michele Clapton, The Independent)

Sansa and Cersei have a complicated relationship and that has manifested in the costumes as well (x). Narratively, they are foils to each other so if Cersei’s excessive adornment signals a brittle strength, then Sansa’s unadorned but textured gown externalizes an inner strength that has evolved over the course of her story. This is, after all, power dressing taken to the ninth degree.

I’m still not quite sold on the dragonglass argument since the stylistic elements of the dress echo elements that have previously been associated with Sansa - feathers from her time in the Eyrie and fish scales as a nod to her Tully heritage through her mother. I’ve mentioned that I think this is a transitional dress and as such it builds on the stylistic and symbolic approach that Clapton took with Sansa’s costumes in season 7 where they visually express all of the things that has happened to her - the abuse and the lessons:

“...she’s bringing all that she’s been through to her costume.” (Michele Clapton, The Insider)

I was trying to grasp all that has happened to Sansa, all the hurt and abuse and frustration, and trying to understand how she would express this yet appear strong. She adapts all she has learnt to her look.” (Michele Clapton, The HuffPost)

The fact that it is a kind of armour or battle dress also represents a further hardening due to the seriousness of the circumstances that Clapton spoke about in the previous season:

“There’s war coming. Everything’s quite muted and quite bleak. I think it’s important for the four women left to have a very strong—it’s not masculine, there’s still a femininity to it—but there’s a sort of hardening. Each one of them has been through such a journey, so I tried to reflect that in their costumes.” (Michele Clapton, Harper’s Bazaar)

The dragonglass theory certainly fits with this notion of a hardening in the face of war. Still, it is a theory I’m not completely sold but it did make me recall this wonderful Magician’s Cloak that Sandy Powell created for Prospera in Julie Taymor’s adaptation of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest.

This magnificent costume was created from 3.000 pieces of plastic painted and cut to resemble glass-like volcanic rock (x) - a sort of combination of obsidian and the basalt rock that is created from cooling lava flows. It is an amazing piece and I just wanted to share it with my dear readers.

Dragon Scales?

Other people have suggested that Sansa’s costume resembles dragon scales - and there is a certain resemblance when we compare the dress to the scales of the dragons in the show.

However, this issue of dragon scales regarding Sansa’s new costume really ought to be discussed in relation to previous costumes that features elements meant to evoke dragon scales, not the dragons themselves - as they belong to a coherent body of work created by costumier Michele Clapton and embroiderer Michele Carragher.

The only person that wears dragon scales on her costumes is Daenerys Targaryen, which makes perfect sense since she’s the descendant of the dragon lords of Old Valyria and because she has three living dragons from which she derives her power and her mystique. As we can see from the photos above, Michele Clapton and the embroiderer Michele Carragher have used various techniques over the seasons to evoke dragon scales on Dany’s clothing - from pleating and other fabric manipulation to beading with square Tila beads made of glass as well as pointy metallic sequins.

Stylistically, you could make an argument that Sansa’s black leather scales resemble the soft white cloth scales on Dany’s white queenly dress from season 5. However, in terms of narrative it makes no sense whatsoever for Sansa to suddenly cover herself in dragon scales just because Daenerys enters her narrative.

In her quest to fit in, Sansa has always been very influenced by other people and her costumes mirror her journey towards finding out who she is as Clapton explains:

“Initially we see her try to emulate Cersei in her costumes, and then when that starts going wrong she sort of stalls and her colors start drifting back towards blue. But they’re not quite blue, they’re mauve. Wherever she goes, she’s sort of pulled in each direction. Finally we see her as Dark Sansa, when she very dramatically changes her appearance and darkens her hair, and has a very dark costume.” … " Now we see her back at Winterfell — I think, slowly, she’s becoming slightly more her own woman rather than always being influenced by those around her. She’s finally finding herself, and it’s really interesting to explore that in Season 7, and it’s exciting.“ (Michele Clapton, BuzzFeed)

Season 8 is the time for Sansa to finally have found herself - to know herself and what she wants, which is going to be expressed in her costumes and her hair styles:

For so long, Sansa’s hair changed season by season depending on who was influencing her. The first few episodes she was a Northerner in Winterfell and took after her mother with a simple braid down the back. Then when she went to King’s Landing it was a big, decadent halo that was very much like what the Queen wore. With Littlefinger, she dyes her hair black and wears all black. Then she goes back to Winterfell and returns to her mother’s hair. She created her own identity in season 7 and that kind of runs through to season 8. She’s chosen how she wants her hair to be, and she’s finally the leader and influencer instead of being influenced by everyone else. (Sophie Turner, InStyle)

This quote is about Sansa’s hair style but it will certainly also apply to her costumes because Clapton creates her designs to visually express the character’s narrative journeys. And Sophie Turner has hinted that in this final season, Sansa has indeed come to know herself:

The past few seasons for her and the whole series for her, she’s kind of been somewhat lost as a matter of where she wants to be, who she wants to be, who she wants to surround herself with, and this season she is very very self-assured. She knows what she wants. She knows what she stands for. She knows who she wants to be around, and she faces threats to that this season. (Sophie Turner, Vulture)

So, no - Sansa Stark’s scaly new battle dress doesn’t represent dragon scales because it makes absolutely no narrative sense for her to suddenly adopt a Targaryen style. Her narrative arc has been a long journey back towards her roots but also a journey of self-discovery, a tempering of character by way of much hardship.

Fish or Fowl?

If the leather scales on this costume evoke neither dragonglass nor dragon scales, what do they refer to? As seen below, the texture of the dress looks very similar to both raven feather and fish scales.

Sansa has worn feathers before and she has had a lot of winged imagery - in the form of dragonflies, moths, and raven feathers in her costuming whilst she has been called “Little Dove” by Cersei and “Little Bird” by the Hound in the dialogue of the show. Narratively, there’s a precedent for her new dress to evoke feathers and the individual flaps looks to have textured surfaces in a manner that looks a bit feathery. The iridescence in the photos also reminds one of raven feathers but it is hard to tell whether this blue sheen is an effect of lighting and Photoshop or whether it comes from some kind of surface treatment of the material or whether the leather is more of a midnight blue than jet-black. It is very hard to tell.

THE TULLY CONNECTION

Despite the bird imagery in Sansa’s narrative arc and the use of feathers in her previous costumes, I don’t think that we should dismiss the possibility that the texture on her new dress is meant to evoke fish scales. After all, her mother was born a Tully of Riverrun. The sigil of House Tully is a trout and in the show their armour is made of textured leather flaps assembled to evoke fish scales!

If we take a closer look at the armour that Edmure and Brynden Tully wear, you can see that it is made of layered flaps of stiff leather - and that each flap is been embossed to create a pattern of raised bumps, giving the whole ensemble an extra layer of texture. The similarities of both pattern and material between Sansa’s dress and the Tully armour makes a compelling argument that this battle dress is a female variation on the traditional armour of her mother’s House.

So why would Sansa, who as Lady of Winterfell is the head of House Stark, wear something that looks like Tully armour? As said, Sansa’s mother Catelyn was born a Tully of Riverrun and since the end of season 2, Sansa has included elements of her mother’s style and symbols of her mother’s heritage in her clothing and her hair style.

From the end of season 2 to the end of season 4, Sansa wears her dresses and her hair in the style of her mother (x). Sansa styling herself as her mother in King’s Landing is way for her to signal her distance from Cersei’s toxic wisdom. Sansa doesn’t want to look like the woman who not only turns the blind eye to Joffrey’s abuse of her but who herself delights in tormenting the girl emotionally. Whereas Sansa started to emulate Cersei’s style before she knew any better, she now models herself on her mother (”I must be as strong as my lady mother” - AGoT, Sansa V).

In season 5, Sansa returns to Winterfell, sold into a marriage with her family’s enemy. After a brief and drastic change of style (”DarkSansa”), she reverts to her mother’s style again - the dresses are of the same cut and she dons a double embroidered collar such as Catelyn wore. At this point her mother (and most of her family are either dead or missing) and therefore Sansa does homage to her lost family by incorporating elements associated with them in her white wedding dress:

"It’s Sansa trying to respect everyone that’s been before her. She finally feels like she can make Winterfell a family home again. So I wanted to incorporate pieces that represented her family." (Michele Clapton, Fashionista)

She pays a special homage to her late mother by wearing a set of silver clasps in the shape of the Tully trout. Her mother had worn similar clasps but in season 2 the observant viewer can see that she left a few behind at Winterfell.

In season 6, Sansa once more turns to the style of her mother in order to reclaim her identity as a Stark after all the abuse she has endured. Thus, when she travels the North with Jon to raise troops in order to retake Winterfell, she is styled in a way that visually echoes Catelyn Stark’s style.

Sansa’s dress of teal velvet is the same colour of one of the dresses that Catelyn wore in season 1 and she wears a silver and black fur cape over her cloak, just like her mother.

"She has these amazing green dresses. She's vibrant again. She has the Stark embroidery and her furs are much like her mother's." (Sophie Turner, USAToday)

Even the large direwolf embroidered on the bodice of her gown, proclaiming her identity as a Stark, contains subtle nods to her mother’s heritage.

“The direwolf is the Stark sigil, but Carragher’s design also refers to Sansa’s mother, a Tully of Riverrun. The tufts of the wolf’s fur fall in a scale-like pattern that is outlined in silver thread, evoking House Tully’s fish sigil; its neck terminates in a mass of dark-gray mother-of-pearl beads. “We always try to use shells and pearls within her embroidery, because it references the water,” Carragher said. Minute, reflective cut-steel beads, used to make purses in the early twentieth century, pick out the wolf’s glinting teeth.” - (Michele Carragher, New Yorker)

The embroiderer Michele Carragher emphasizes that she makes a point of using materials associated with water in the embroidered pieces for Sansa, like the freshwater pearls and shells in this piece. Another very interesting feature is the way that the stylized fur of the wolf morphs into a more scaly pattern where the iridescence of the mother of pearl beads clearly evoke fish scales. So while feathers have been more prominent in Sansa’s costuming so far, the fish scales have been used as well - but in a much more subtle manner!

Sansa’s wardrobe takes a more plain and practical turn in season 7 with a new silhouette and colour palette. Her gowns are grey, in more rough-spun and heavy fabrics - and she no longer embellishes her dresses with beaded embroidery. Winter and war is here - and there’s no room for frivolity. However, that doesn’t mean that there aren’t a subtle nod to her Tully heritage - now it is just expressed through the textures of her clothes.

”Within each of their costumes, there are influences. […] Sansa’s are part father, part mother. It’s her father’s silhouette with the fur, her mother’s within. The textures are very much from her mother.” - (Michele Clapton, Elle)

Or rather one specific dress where Clapton used a heavy and slightly shiny fabric because the pattern reminded her of fish swimming:

Q: Is Sansa’s fabric one of the furnishing fabrics?

MC: I think it is – it might be the reverse side. I thought it looked like fishes swimming. I think we worked into it a bit – it’s beautiful. (Michele Clapton, FIDM Museum)

And there’s an element in the dress of her mother, the pattern is almost like fishes swimming. (Michele Clapton, UpRoxx)

Ever since her death, Catelyn’s character seems to have been forgotten by her children - at least they don’t speak about her, which really stood out in season 7 where Sansa and Arya spoke about their father but never mentioned their mother. However, throughout the seasons Michele Clapton has ensured that Catelyn Stark has remained an unspoken presence with her eldest daughter - a presence expressed through the way that Sansa styles herself.

Until now, the Tully connection in Sansa’s costumes has always been a very personal one - referencing her mother Catelyn. She has worn colours, silhouettes and jewellery in her mother’s style and her some textures, patterns and embroidery has had subtle references to the Tully sigil. However, while Sansa’s new leather dress looks like a female version of the traditional Tully armour, it is not a style that has ever been associated with Catelyn’s personal look! So while this dress can be interpreted as an homage to her murdered mother (x), its symbolism encompass more than the memory of a beloved parent.

A Tully armour dress is also a political statement!

Sansa is, according to Clapton, a person who “tends to express herself visually” (x) and on Game of Thrones fashion choices are always meaningful:

Everything – even a fashion choice – has meaning on “Game of Thrones.” In this cutthroat world where men fight for the Iron Throne and the women yield a different kind of power, a choice of fabric or a different cut of cloth can be a political statement, costume designer Michele Clapton told TODAY.com. (Michele Clapton, Today)

Though the style of this costume may invoke several different meanings, I am of the opinion it is first and foremost a nod to the heraldic sigil of House Tully because the stylistic similarities between Sansa’s dress and the Tully armour are so strong. This raises some very interesting possibilities in terms of what may happen in the story - because we have to ask ourselves: Why would Lady Stark wear a garment that invokes the sigil of House Tully?

At this point in the story, Sansa has accrued quite a bit of political influence. The Northern lords have become rather impressed with her during her tenure as Jon’s regent, she also has the allegiance of the Knights of the Vale through Lord Royce. That is two major regions that she has in her pocket so to speak. However, her mother’s heritage may also become politically important - after all, her uncle is Lord of Riverrun. House Tully hasn’t had much of a presence in the story after the Red Wedding and we last saw Edmure Tully in season 6 where he yielded Riverrun to Jaime Lannister. Will House Tully have a role to play in this final season of Game of Thrones? It seems so because Tobias Menzies has been confirmed to appear in the first episode of the last season, along with the actor who plays the Robert Arryn, the young Lord of the Vale (x). Thus, two political figures with personal ties to Sansa is set to enter the political arena - and it is very likely that Sansa’s impressive fish scale battle dress is related to this.

To be continued...

#game of thrones #sansa stark #costume design #michele clapton #michele carragher

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moriganstrongheart · 5 years

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The Dragon Prince: Season One – Review

Created by Aaron Ehasz and Justin Richmond 2018, Netflix 9 episodes, 25-27 minutes

Rating: ★★★☆☆

Good: Character writing and designs Bad: Animation style, narrative, pacing, tone

[ ! ] Spoiler Warning

I went into The Dragon Prince with low expectations. I had heard that some of the creative minds behind Avatar: The Last Airbender were the showrunners, but something about the look and feel of the show put me off. My fears were realized when I loaded up the first episode and got turned me off immediately by the terrible opening prologue. I also thought I could forgive the animation style if I gave it a chance, but I just couldn’t get past it. So I set The Dragon Prince aside and didn’t come back to it for a few weeks. Unfortunately, my opinion of the animation style didn’t improve, and the prologue became indicative what the quality of the writing would be for the majority of the season. These issues made my overall experience of The Dragon Prince a negative one, but I did end up being fond of the characters, even though the world and plot were ultimately uninspiring.

The characters of The Dragon Prince surprised me on multiple levels, beginning with how gradual their personality emerged. I was also surprised by how well developed a lot of them were. The difference in quality between character and plot writing is staggering; it never felt like the characters were ever part of the world—or had any real stakes in the story—despite standing as examples of great character writing. Everyone feels fleshed out and real, with a few exceptions. I think it’s worth breaking down the characters and my opinion on each.

Callum

While annoying at times, Callum is simultaneously an awkward teenager and a great older brother, balancing the two roles perfectly. He is confident but at the same time not, leading to some interesting conflicts. I was a bit put off by his voice (I could sometimes hear Sokka in him), but I don’t think that should be taken into consideration when evaluating him as a character. The only issue I had with Callum was how the writers seemed to pick him most often for their plot contrivances, wherein he does things out of character to move the plot along—like having a “we need to argue so we can learn something” argument with his brother. Even if almost all of the characters suffer similarly throughout the season, it seems to happen more frequently with him.

Rayla

Of all the protagonists, Rayla feels the most developed. She has a particular way of life and grew up believing a specific ideal, but has not yet decided who she is. Her actions mirror this at every turn, as she struggles with her own values and the duties put on her by her people. She responds to a lot of her problems with sarcastic remarks in an attempt to hide her insecurities about her own capabilities. It was her introduction and subsequent development that had me hooked. I doubt I would have continued watching if not for my investment in her character arc.

Ezran

When talking about the quality of the character writing in The Dragon Prince, I mentioned a few exceptions, and Ezran is one such exception. Perhaps his lack of complexity could be explained away since he’s a child, but considering the work put into the other characters—and the fact that he and his pet Bait are the source for too many plot contrivances—I don’t believe that’s the case. Still, his character is solid, but I found myself disliking any scene where he had a prominent role.

Claudia

Of all the characters, Claudia is the one that surprised me the most. What started as a “crush” love interest for Callum, turned into a multi-faceted character. She’s characterized as quirky, but she displays much more complexity as time goes on, being intelligent, inventive and decisive. It’s one of the few times I enjoyed a character that fills this trope. I particularly enjoyed the playful banter between her and her brother Soren. She’s also never used in any of the plot contrivances that I remember, which made her one of my favourite characters.

Soren

Soren is the bully character done right. In a modern setting, he’d be the high school jock with a football jacket, giving nerds wedgies and hitting on girls. But like most of the characters in The Dragon Prince, his character writing is superb. He’s kind of a jerk, but he has heart and does what he thinks is best, even if he’s not always sure what to do. He’s not one of my favourites, but I enjoyed his interactions with other characters, be it Callum, his sister or his father.

Viren

It can be difficult to create a sympathetic villain, especially when writing stories for children. It’s often easier to make the villain evil instead of just villainous; capable of heinous acts that no sane person would do, but ultimately unrelatable. Viren engages in all the activities we would expect from a villainous, treacherous royal advisor. However, all his actions are believable, making sense within the political climate of Katolis. He’s conniving and scheming, but it never feels as though he does anything with ill intent or for the sake of evil. He’s just doing what he thinks is best, regardless of the cost to himself or the ones around him. That makes him a much more compelling villain in the long run; one that blurs the lines of morality while making it clear that what he does is wrong.

King Harrow

I’m sad that we don’t get to see much of King Harrow, since he quickly became one of my favourite characters. He is level-headed, principled but swept up in his duties. For a fantasy setting, he’s quite relatable. Even his attitude towards Viren can be seen as rational; Viren appears to be deluded as to the nature of their relationship, and Harrow wants to draw clear boundaries in response to Viren’s behaviour. I also enjoyed his relationship with Callum, though I’m a bit disappointed we didn’t get to see him interact with Ezran (which may contribute to my dislike of him). I’m not totally convinced we’ve seen the last of Harrow. Maybe that’s just wishful thinking on my part, as I felt the quality of the narrative quickly dropped after his assassination.

General Amaya

Amaya was at the centre of many of the discussions around the show at release, due to the fact that she is deaf. She uses ASL and has an interpreter, showing the commitment the showrunners had in properly representing those with hearing impairments. She also has—hands down—the best character design, which surely contributed to her initial popularity. I was consistently surprised with how intelligently she was written, from her earnest demeanor to her absolute conviction in doing what’s morally right. She became my favourite character as soon as she was introduced, helped by the amazing fight scene between her and Rayla shortly thereafter, which had me exclaiming audibly in astonishment at how well the fight was choreographed.

I don’t really have an opinion of the rest of the cast. I liked Gren, but he turned into comedic relief once separated from Amaya. The rest of the cast were either bland, annoying or used purely for plot purposes and, as such, were underutilized.

All of the characters had consistently great character designs. I’ve mentioned some of my favourites already—namely Amaya and Rayla—but I have no issues with the design of any of the characters. I also appreciated the amount of diversity among the characters. Of course, the humans in The Dragon Prince don’t share our history or cultures, but it’s nice to see different skin colours, even if they’re not attached to specific ethnicities. I also really enjoyed the design of the moonshadow elves, even though they’re basically just Night Elves from World of Warcraft. Their voices in particular were a welcome change from the normally pompous or breathy way elves tend to speak in fantasy settings. Overall, the voice actors delivered a great performance, being able to convey emotions and concealed intentions through speech, which—along with great character writing and designs—made the characters of The Dragon Prince complex, interesting and deserving of a more well-written narrative. I have to mention, though, that creature designs were subpar by comparison, childish in their design or unappealing to look at.

I’ve come to the conclusion that the writers and maybe the showrunners behind The Dragon Prince created and then developed the characters and premise long before ever writing a narrative for them. The signs are all there: the characters are incredibly well developed, but don’t really feel like they belong in the world. The story is strong at the beginning of the season, but then meanders and feels disjointed right up until the end. There are some great moments here and there: Amaya’s fight with Rayla, the elven dagger, interactions between Viren and King Harrow...These moments teased at what could have been, but I’m convinced that the writers had little to go on beyond extensive character profiles and an intricate political struggle. Any time the story focuses on anything substantial, it falters. The stakes never feel like they matter, and the tone shifts from dark to light-hearted from one scene to the next. A character might be afraid to lose their arm, and within seconds be comically afraid of the water. There’s no consistency in the tone, so it’s difficult to care about what happens to the characters, regardless of how appealing they are.

The tipping point for me was when Ezran fell into sub-zero water for way longer than a child should, and yet he came out feeling only slightly uncomfortable instead of dying from exposure. I’m not one to judge realism in fiction, but when their father was just murdered and there’s a chance that Rayla might lose a hand, I just couldn’t buy into the story anymore. Things just got even more nonsensical from there. Thankfully, I had already checked out of the story at this point, so I didn’t have to suspend my disbelief any longer. It was clear to me that the narrative was just a means to an end—a way for the writers to get from:

Point A – King Harrow’s death and the discovery of the egg, to

Point B – the egg hatching and Viren’s intentions made bare.

Everything else is just moments in time, sequences without any reason to be there except padding, strung together loosely to form a weak narrative. It’s a shame because the script is at times brilliant, normally when characters interact in meaningful ways. I’ll always remember when Amaya goes to visit her sister’s grave and Viren comes to reconcile with her, as well as the conversations between Callum and his step-father. There’s just nothing to support these moments, nothing to invest myself in beyond the quality of the characters themselves. As such, I have little interest in seeing where the story goes next, nor do I think it’s worth recommending the series.

Finally, I don’t know if I’m just getting out of touch with animation, but I personally don’t understand the use of reduced frame-rates in 3D animation. I can’t decide if it’s a budgetary decision or a stylistic one, but I don’t like it either way. It reminds me of stop-motion animation, but without the inherent charm that kind of animation possesses. Or maybe it’s the lack of exaggeration as I don’t remember a single instance where animation principles like squash and stretch were applied to exaggerate actions or emotions. The animators seemed more concerned with keeping the characters on model rather than in creating a visually engrossing work of animation. I think part of the reason I judge the animation so severely is that I attribute this style of animation with amateur video game machinima, especially films made in applications like Garry’s Mod. It feels unprofessional and underdeveloped. It doesn’t help that everything except the character designs is bland and uninteresting. Characters stood out like actors on a poorly designed community stage, never really feeling a part of the world they inhabit. The only exception might be the magic effects, which were creative and fun to look at. Of course, my opinion on the visuals is highly subjective, so I can’t fault the show for it.

However, I have no issue with criticizing its writing. I hope that the next season fares better in that department than the first. With its well developed characters, The Dragon Prince has the chance to break through popular culture to reach the same heights as Avatar: The Last Airbender, maybe even defining an entirely new generation of children. But they can’t expect their characters to bear the full weight of that burden. These characters deserve an engrossing narrative, one which allows them to shine and interact in meaningful ways, to shape the world and to be shaped by the world around them. The Dragon Prince has a great foundation, but it has failed so far build on it. If the writers can expand on the political struggles that impressed so many within the first half of the season, I can only imagine what kind of show The Dragon Prince might become.

Official Show Website

#my reviews #review #television review #the dragon prince #tdp #the dragon prince season one review #fantasy #worldbuilding #world building #world-building #aaron ehasz #justin richmond #netflix #bardel entertainment

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coolhhf-blog · 4 years

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Romantic Greek Islands

the most romantic:

in case you are looking for the most romantic excursion destinations wherein you can spend an extraordinary time with your different half of, we've located a few idyllic Greek islands to your bucket list. spell binding sunsets even as standing at the edge of a castle; playing a pitcher of first-class wine at the same time as overlooking the infinite blue. What greater can any traveller ask? Greece has a fantastic range in its landscapes from mountainous escapes to fascinating waterfalls and dreamy seashores. Romantic alleys wait on the way to explore them. seeking out some thing extra dry and uncooked? Then some of those Cycladic islands ought to host your sun-protected love while you preserve palms and make promises to spend your existence together all the time. in case you are making ready a experience for two, you have to bear in mind those Greek islands with a purpose to offer you unforgettable recollections.

Milos:

absolutely, Milos is enshrined in our consciousness as the closing vicinity to be, specifically in case you are on your first yr of courting. The factors of interest are many, the emotions are sturdy - and the winds are even more potent! lease a motorcycle and wander away in the sunset, sailing with the one that you love and enjoying the enchanting seaside of Sarakiniko, wherein the lunar landscape will make you sense like you have got been to the moon and again. Take the boat for Kleftiko and say "i like you" in one of the most beautifully sculpted with the aid of nature landscape. when you sense equipped to explore the island and the nearby life-style all you want to do is head to Plaka, Pollonia and Adamas. Authenticity and elegance are very characteristic in this island. in case you are looking for unforgettable moments of romance, there's one location to revel in this in Milos: The Venetian fortress of Plaka. revel in the sunset from the top of the capital of the island and pay tribute to the goddess of affection, in front of the statue of Aphrodite of Milos - the statue is glaringly a replica of the original since the authentic one is within the Louvre - on the fort Museum. Milos is called the "island of lovers". It were given this nickname no longer only due to its romantic vibes and beautiful landscapes but also because of the mythology that surrounds it. the parable has it that the goddess of affection, Aphrodite, protects the island with her arms in spite of everything this is in which her famous statue become found. the synthetic scenes, the boats, the capital of the island on the top of the hill and of route the exquisite beaches are only some of the reasons so as to make you pick out Milos to your romantic Greek island escape . you may devour clean fish within the taverns of Pollonia, you'll experience between the picturesque windmills of Tripiti, take a look at out the boats from the cave of Papafraga seashore, get to the whitewashed rocks of Tsigrado and swim within the extraordinary beaches of the island, giving precedence to the nearly lunar landscape of Sarakiniko. do not forget to take an afternoon journey to the famous pirate's bay and swim within the crystal clean and individual waters of Kleftiko.

Folegandros:

one of the maximum well-preserved and at the same time state-of-the-art Cycladic capitals (Chora) belongs to Folegandros. you'll no longer need to take your eyes off it, actually lovely. it's miles no exaggeration to say that it may be pretty in comparison to the views of Santorini and for a good reason. no longer to say that Folegandros does no longer have smooth and beautiful seashores, on the contrary. The Chora of Folegandros, with its delicate shops, the atmospheric alleys, the fragrant flowers of the courtyards and the squares and its stone paths, will steal your heart for accurate. All this could be located in a settlement that is constructed on the threshold of a cliff at a top of 2 hundred meters. Folegandros seems like a big rock that became thrown within the sea. specific and unspoiled, a vacation spot so as to offer you the entire isolation in your maximum romantic excursion. besides, Folegandros by no means claimed the name of the mass mainstream destination from the neighbouring Cycladic islands that commonly goal wealthy and famous visitors. Its Chora is an impeccable architectural model, a whitewashed fort with a lovely agreement, one of the maximum precise inside the Cyclades. Folegandros isn't considered one of the maximum fertile and evergreen islands but emits a unique experience of eroticism. This island enchants every traveler with its precise beaches, at the same time as the genuine romantic - island surroundings will make you gaze in awe! This vacation spot is good for fans with a creative flair. Plus, you'll discover tremendous nightlife opportunities there. The landscape in Folegandros is wild and charming. Its splendor is so special that it is difficult to compare with that of different islands. The best manner to apprehend its authenticity is to just pass there and notice for your self...

Anafi

Quiet and relaxing, the miscroscopic islet of Anafi on the southern tip of the Cyclades is sweet for couples in search of for whole isolation and a experience of a far off but intimate nook, filled with the most beautiful and wild landscape. A quiet harbour, a luscious amphitheatrical country and three or 4 excellent seashores on the south of the island - that's the backdrop here and proves that minimalism is romantic. Αnafi is an oasis on the sting of the Cyclades. the acceptable location to own the vacations you've usually dreamed of. actual and magical, Anafi with appeal you with its infinite blue. This island justifies the selection of its site visitors with its simplicity, friendliness and beaches, which are variety of the foremost lovely ones you'll encounter within the Cyclades. The experience to the current secluded island, placed to the east of Santorini, could appear distant, but absolutely really worthwhile. an attractive destination wherein you'll locate one in all the most ideal "shelters" for a calming excursion. simply you, the clean sky and therefore the deep blue sea. The beaches of Anafi have an exclusive individual. The golden sandy beaches and their blue waters are those we've got to thank for this unique exceptional ending. these seashores accustomed be the precise accommodation freed from charge campers, however additionally nudists, some years within the past. Anafi is that the proper preference if you're seeking to own a coffee budget romance. There are day journeys from Anafi to Santorini. Anafi is an true and really quiet island wherein most traffic want to relax on its lovely beaches, swim within the clean, blue waters, go diving and walking round the island. A network of selected paths runs an enormous an element of the island as properly, making it best for people that love trekking. walk inside the slender alleys of its Chora and revel in the calm and secure rhythms that characterize regular life during this island. Of direction, you'll come across scenic church buildings,

whitewashed streets, blooming courtyards and windmills. Its slender streets grow to be inside the Venetian citadel from which you'll experience the view of the Aegean Sea and therefore the staggering sunset. The panorama of Chora will remind you of the Anfiotika neighbourhood in Plaka (Athens), and not by using twist of fate since it turned into created by using the craftsmen of Anafi, who had been famend for his or her skills to built such conventional houses.

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wallpaperpainter · 4 years

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Why Is Google Images Desktop Site So Famous? | google images desktop site

Google hasn’t had abundant of an absorption in Android tablets back the canicule of the Motorola XOOM and Android Honeycomb. As a result, best of the company’s apps aren’t advised with tablets in mind, and third-party applications accept abundantly followed suit. Sure, Android tablets can technically run all Android apps, but abounding of them accept all-inclusive layouts that were advised for 6-inch screens. Some alike force a annual acclimatization (Google Tasks, I’m attractive at you).

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It can be adamantine to acquisition applications with well-designed book interfaces, abnormally back the Play Store’s alone belief for the “Designed for tablets” characterization is developers abacus a ample screenshot to the app listing. The alone way to acquisition out if an app is actually advised with tablets in apperception is to try it out yourself, so that’s actually what we did for this roundup.

Android Police coverage: Microsoft’s new all-in-one Office app is now accessible for all

Microsoft’s Office applications are some of the best examples of tablet-optimized Android apps that I’ve anytime appear across. Sure, you adeptness not allegation to adapt an Excel spreadsheet on the go actual often, but the apps accept the aforementioned ‘Ribbon’ interface as the desktop equivalents. There is additionally all-encompassing abutment for keyboard shortcuts, if you consistently use a keyboard with your tablet.

Earlier this year, Microsoft appear a new accumulated Office app that included PowerPoint, Word, and Excel in a distinct package. The new app initially didn’t appropriately abutment tablets, but that has back been fixed. Microsoft has additionally chip the Office Lens scanner and addendum that accompany with Windows 10, but I don’t use those features.

The alone downside is that creating and alteration abstracts requires a paid cable to Microsoft 365, aforetime accepted as Office 365. The cheapest plan is $70/year (or $7/mo) and includes the web, mobile, and congenital desktop versions of the best accepted Office applications, added 1TB of OneDrive storage.

Android Police coverage: VLC 3.2 revamps audio and video player, improves TV interface, and adds keyboard shortcuts to Chrome OS (APK Download)

VLC is the cross-platform media amateur that can accessible aloof about any video or audio book anytime created, and the Android app functions actual well. It has an chip book browser (with the adeptness to appearance arrangement drives!), Picture-in-Picture support, and added nice features.

The interface alone has accessory tweaks for tablets, like added columns in the book viewer, but you’re activity to absorb best of your time watching media anyway. VLC is additionally one of the few media applications I’ve approved area borer the spacebar on the keyboard actually pauses the content.

Gmail is one of the few actual Google apps that accept a committed book interface. On ample screens, Gmail has a two-column design, with your inbox apparent on the larboard and the accepted bulletin on the right. There are additionally a few keyboard shortcuts accessible for bound managing messages.

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If you’re not a fan of Gmail, or you’re aloof attractive to try article new, Microsoft Outlook is accession abundant email appliance for Android tablets. It works with third-party email casework in accession to Microsoft’s own Outlook.com, so you can use it after switching email addresses.

Outlook has a agnate blueprint to Gmail on tablets, with columns for both your inbox and the currently-selected message, but there are a few differences. The annual of accounts is consistently affianced to the larboard side, and a third cavalcade for inboxes/folders can be toggled by acute the hamburger card at the top-left.

Android Police coverage: MyScript Nebo is a autography acceptance and note-taking app for accessories with alive styluses

Nebo is one of the best note-taking applications I’ve approved on Android. It can catechumen your hand-written sentences into text, and aloof like Evernote and OneNote, you can bury images, drawings, and added assets into your notes. The abounding annual of appearance is candidly staggering.

There’s one bolt to Nebo: to use all the features, you allegation an Android accessory with an alive stylus pen, like a Galaxy Tab S6 or S6 Lite. Nebo has a annual of some accordant models here.

The approved Cheep app looks actually abhorrent on tablets, with tweets demography up the abounding amplitude of the screen. You’re bigger off with Cheep Lite, a repackaged adaptation of the Cheep web app. It’s not a congenital Android application, which is a bit annoying, but it looks decidedly bigger on tablets.

Twitter Lite is alone accessible from the Play Store in baddest regions, so if you can’t download it, aloof accessible twitter.com in your adaptable browser of best and acquisition the advantage to install it to your home awning (in Chrome, tap the card button at the top-right and aces ‘Add to Home Screen’). It’s the aforementioned exact acquaintance — aloof bethink to accredit notifications from Twitter’s settings for abounding functionality.

Google Duo is apparently the best video babble appliance on Android, and it works aloof as able-bodied on tablets as it does on phones. In fact, you no best allegation a buzz cardinal commutual with your Google annual back appliance it on tablets, which comes in accessible for adolescent accouchement and added bodies after a phone.

How to Reverse Image Search on Phone (10) | Beebom – google images desktop site | google images desktop site

Solid Explorer is an accomplished book administrator application, and it’s one of the few options with a apple-pie book interface. It has a dual-panel approach for examination (and affective files between) two directories at once, abutment for arrangement drives, accumulation operations, affiliation with assorted billow accumulator services, and abundant more.

I don’t generally accept to accord with affective files about on my Android devices, but if that’s article you consistently do, accord Solid Explorer a try. You can use it for 14 canicule afore you accept to pay the $1.99 in-app acquirement for abounding access.

Android Police coverage: Samsung Internet 12 adds fractional Autofill API abutment and upgrades Chromium agent (APK Download)

Samsung Internet is one of the best accepted web browsers on Android, and it seems to accept one of the best book interfaces as well. That’s hardly a surprise, accustomed that Samsung is about the alone aggregation larboard bearing high-end Android tablets, but you don’t necessarily allegation a Galaxy Tab to use the browser — it’s accessible on the Play Store for any device.

Samsung Internet is based on Chrome, but it does accept a few appearance not present in Google’s browser. You can move the buttons about to your liking, force a aphotic affair on all web pages, and install baddest add-ons. Tabs can either be displayed beneath the abode bar (similar to Chrome), or hidden abaft the tabs button for added vertical space.

Gboard is the absence keyboard appliance on abounding Android devices, and it has one affection that is abnormally nice on tablets — one-handed mode. With Gboard open, tap the alone keyboard figure in the toolbar to move the keyboard to a amphibian window. It’s abundant easier for me to blazon while captivation a book in one-handed mode, abnormally back I bash amid belletrist instead of borer keys individually.

Android Police coverage: Vivaldi for Android goes abiding with desktop-style tab band and tracker blocking

Vivaldi is accession web browser that works hardly bigger on Android tablets in Chrome. It shares the aforementioned amount agent as Chrome, but offers a tracker blocker, an advantage to consistently appearance desktop sites (super accessible for sites aggravating to amount adaptable layouts on tablets), a acceleration dial, and a congenital screenshot utility.

How to Perform Reverse Image Search Online and Phone? | MashTips – google images desktop site | google images desktop site

Comixology is a comic/manga clairvoyant for Android and added platforms, featuring affiliation with Kindle libraries (if you login with your Amazon account) and offline support. The app works able-bodied abundant on tablets, admitting comics won’t attending absolutely as brittle on lower-resolution devices.

Android Police coverage: Autodesk SketchBook’s ‘Pro’ appearance are now free

SketchBook is one of the best feature-packed cartoon applications on Android. It’s advised for aggregate from automated architecture sketches to agenda art, and it works best with tablets and alive stylus pens.

Android Police coverage: Adobe Lightroom v5.0 adds avant-garde consign options and alternate tutorials [APK Download]

I’m consistently afraid to acclaim articles from Adobe, abnormally accustomed the aggregation doesn’t abutment Linux (my desktop OS of choice) and brand to allegation account subscriptions for applications that accept almost afflicted in a decade, but there absolutely isn’t any cross-platform adversary to Lightroom.

Lightroom is a absurd angel editor that I use for all work-related photos, and because Android lets me affix my Sony Alpha camera over USB to alteration files, I can do my absolute angel alteration workflow from my Galaxy Tab S6. However, I still accept to do a additional annular of importing/exporting with PhotoStack afterward, because Lightroom for Android doesn’t abutment angel watermarks.

Google Keep is accession appliance in the aristocratic “Google app that looks accept on tablets” club. It’s a cross-platform note/list application, with abutment for adhering files and creating reminders. There are absolutely added able agenda applications, but Keep strikes a abundant antithesis amid appearance and simplicity.

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finalproject-blog2 · 4 years

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r.h.sin: Love Guru

R.h.sin lives every New Yorker’s dream: freshly brewed black coffee, cable knit sweaters, and sepia-tinted photoshoots around the city. The earthy tones present on his Instagram feed invoke a warm, homey feeling. The sense of warmth and refinement that comes from r.h.sin’s Instagram translates to the content of his poetry: love advice, specifically for women.

Reuben Holmes, aka r.h.sin, takes his name his initials (r.h.) and the Mesopotamian god of the moon (sin). His online poetry career began some time around 2014 and sin has since published a staggering twenty books of poetry between 2015 and 2019. Holmes can attribute his publishing success to his massive audience, which stands at 1.7 million followers as of December 2019. In a 2017 interview with the New Yorker, sin recounted his massive growth, “I came into 2016 with 251,018 followers,” he wrote. “I entered 2017 with 515,164. I am a workhorse.” Judging by his massive output and daily Instagram posts, it seems r.h.sin is constantly writing. In the same interview he went on to state, I think a lot of people in my industry are content with the ‘struggling artist’ ideology. I’m not. On any given day, my account brings in 600,000 to one million ‘likes'. The object is to be seen or heard, and I make a lot of noise.” I found this quote especially interesting when considering the life and career of an Instagram poet. The numbers game of visibility and point-based values the world of Instagram thrives on translates directly to the success of the poets. As r.h.sin implies in his interview with the New Yorker, to gain success in the Instagram poetry world, one has to write what sells. In this modern world of ghosting and tinder matches, topics related to love, breakups, and the emotional states surrounding those times hit home for the Instagram audience. These themes are strongly present in r.h.sin’s work, so let’s take a look at what he has to say.

This November 2019 poem critiques a group r.h.sin calls “heavy” men and their behaviors in relationships. We all know the type of men r.h.sin encourages women to stay away from in his poetry are the type who disrespect their partners and their time. My generation would refer to these types of men as “f**kboys”, the type of guy who frequently cancels dates, have a penchant for disloyalty, and are just generally disrespectful. R.h.sin advises women against staying with a man who “refuses to love you”. Now, we’ve all had that friend who clings onto a hopeless relationship hoping one day their partner will change. It’s a frustrating experience and women (as well as men-but r.h.sin references male/female relationships explicitly throughout his work) often seek out advice during tough relationships. However, the advice changes in tone when it comes from a man. While men absolutely have a place in feminism, r.h.sin’s method of telling women who they should and should not date doesn’t hold a lot of weight when compared to the numerous women’s rights causes operating worldwide. In r.h..sin's short capital letter and punctuation free poem, he taps into the “strong independent woman” archetype. The idea is great on paper, r.h.sin frames women as the pillar of strength in the relationship in this poem, however the idea does not translate into real life gracefully. It can be very difficult for some women to up and leave relationships, some women can even be in serious danger of physical harm when trying to leave. Simply leaving with no questions asked as r.h.sin suggests may pose some serious life implications if attempted in a real relationship. Overall, the message of the poem is not problematic in itself, but the concept doesn’t seem to stretch beyond a nice quote on Instagram one focuses on for a few seconds.

“She cancelled him”. The previous work we examined, while consisting of only two sentences, at least resembled a poem. The same can not be said for this work. The use of small letters and lack of punctuation that characterized r.h.sin’s work draws attention to the fact that his poetry often lacks structural complexity. This work resembles a typewritten work on a background that appears to be burlap, adding a rustic and vintage feeling consistent with the tone of r.h.sin’s Instagram overall. This three-word poem does indeed tell a story, but an extremely general one. The story is so general that the intent seems to be for the reader to put themselves in the place of the “she” of the poem and remember a time they may have “cancelled” the “him” in their own lives. The degree to which we can relate to a piece is an important element of the way we experience art. Art is at its most effective when we connect with the message it demonstrates and feel the emotion of the art’s creator. I believe this poem lacks that sense of artistic emotion. The poem’s lack of description leaves the work of painting a picture of the story up to the audience. This poem is for everyone and no one at the same time. This ties back to r.h.sin’s idea that success equates to likes and visibility. If one posts an extremely bare-minimum story that is general enough for the audience to relate to and pass along. I believe this poem lacks the artistic voice that makes a work of art impactful. Thus, to use sin’s terminology, I consider this poem “cancelled”.

I pulled this third example because it seemed to be the closest to the traditional idea of a poem present on r.h.sin’s Instagram. Though the poem does not have sufficient evidence to merit a reading deeper than what is explicitly stated on the page, this time we are gifted with two stanzas of four lines that resemble traditional poetry. The phrasing of the beginning of each stanza, “what a deadly feeling it must be” and “how terrible it must be”, are an uncommon arrangement of the words. This arrangement carries a more elegant tone that simply stating, “it must be a deadly feeling” or, “it must be terrible”. Though the form and style are a step up from the work we’ve previously examined, the content is in line with sin’s other work. Again, women are lectured to stay away from lackluster romantic partners. R.h.sin sympathized with the sadness his audience feels when trapped in unfulfilling relationships. He frames these relationships as tragic. However, we never hear the sadness from the point of view of the woman. We have a man who presumably behaves differently from the men he criticizes as a narrator attempting to empathize with the audience. However, the message does not resonate as well as it might have if the poem specifically analyzed the feelings associated with leaving a relationship and the self-discovery that follows.

R.h.sin’s poetry is essentially if a male tried to sing Lizzo’s “Truth Hurts” without the witty songwriting and charisma. Despite not being white himself, R.h.sin’s poems falls under the “white feminism” umbrella. This term references feminist-minded work that focuses of the struggles of women (specifically white women) that does not acknowledge the systems of oppression that underlie feminist issues. The problems I have with R.h.sin’s work all center around the fact that he sets an incredibly low bar for male feminists. Simply writing about how women are strong and independent and deserve men who appreciate them will not solve the numerous issues women face in society today. Women do not need constant reassurance that they are strong from men, they need men to treat them as equals. With almost two million followers, it is apparent that the themes of his work absolutely resonate with an audience, but to be a critical consumer is to call into question whether sin’s writing panders to women in favor of helping them.

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mrbobgove · 7 years

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Best Dive and Topside Destinations

Scuba diving has long been the domain of adventure-seekers and adrenaline junkies. Luckily, many of the world’s best scuba destinations also offer topside adventure. If you, too, thrive on the extraordinary, each of these countries is an excellent spot to get the most out of your vacation. Here we’ll look at five of the best dive and topside destinations, defined not only by their world-class dive sites, but also by terrestrial adventures to match.

Indonesia

Bromo volcano at sunrise

Underwater

This nation comprised of more than 17,000 islands boasts some of the best dive sites on the planet. Some highlights of this spectacular archipelago include the wreck of the USAT Liberty in Tulamben, Bali, Komodo National Park and Lembeh Strait. The Liberty was an American cargo ship that saw action during both World War I and II before succumbing to Japanese torpedo fire off the Balinese coast in January 1942. Nowadays the ship is an impressive (and popular) dive site, accessible to divers of all certification levels. Komodo National Park is famous for its teeming reefs and magnificent pelagic encounters, including reliable manta sightings year-round. If you’re more into macro, head to Lembeh Strait, the muck-diving capital of the world. Here, you’ll see rare species including tiny cephalopods, pygmy seahorses and frogfish on a daily basis.

Topside

Indonesia’s rugged landscape is home to 13 percent of the world’s volcanoes so mountain climbing attracts adrenaline junkies. Two of the archipelago’s most impressive peaks are Mount Bromo and Mount Rinjani. Indonesia is a favorite among surfers as well. Each of its main islands provides ample waves for everyone from absolute beginners to pros. Indonesia is also filled with weird and wonderful wildlife. Adventure-seekers will find no greater terrestrial thrill searching for rare species like the endemic Komodo dragon, found only on Komodo and Rinca Islands within the eponymous park. The orangutan population has faced decimation largely due to our consumption of palm oil, but you can still find some of these beautiful creatures in the jungles of Indonesian Borneo.

Costa Rica

Irazú Volcano

Underwater

Costa Rica has always featured highly on adventuresome divers’ bucket lists. A wealth of dive sites litter both its Pacific and Caribbean coasts, not to mention the legendary Cocos Island. On the mainland, Isla Murcielagos, or Bat Islands, offer perhaps the country’s most exciting dive sites. Here, divers have the chance to get up close with the resident bull sharks. Cocos Island, though, is in a class of its own, and is well worth the 300-mile journey from the mainland. Towering pinnacles emerge from the deep blue, creating great upwellings of nutrient-rich water. This, in turn, attracts a staggering amount of pelagic life. One never knows quite what to expect out in mid-ocean, but Cocos is particularly famous for its incredible shark sightings, boasting a plethora of different species. Whales, rays, dolphins and game fish are also common here.

Topside

Costa Rica’s magnificent beaches and lush rainforests provide opportunities for adventure at every turn. Canopy zip lining has become the defining pursuit of this country’s tropical interior. Whitewater rafting is also popular in Costa Rica, and one of the best places to try it is the beautiful (and in some places, intimidating) Pacuare River. There are plenty of opportunities for trekking too. Explore the elevated cloud forests of Monteverde in search of the elusive sloth. Scale Cerro Chirripo, the highest mountain in Costa Rica. On a clear day, climbers can see both coasts from Chirripo’s summit. Other Costa Rican adventures include windsurfing on Lake Arenal and surfing the beaches of Guanacaste province.

South Africa

Underwater

South African diving has to be some of the most adrenaline-fuelled on the planet, characterized by an abundance of seriously big sharks. In False Bay and Gansbaai, you can come face-to-face with great whites, but true adrenaline junkies are likely to prefer the shark-diving sites of Aliwal Shoal and Protea Banks. Here, divers can encounter tiger sharks, bull sharks and many other species outside of a cage, an experience that is both exciting and authentic. From June to July, South Africa is also home to the Sardine Run, quite possibly the most exciting marine wildlife phenomenon of all. During the run, countless sardines migrate north along a narrow corridor of cool Cape water in a gigantic bait ball. A melee of predators follows, including sharks, dolphins, seabirds, whales and game fish.

Topside

Game viewing in South Africa is both some of the best and most affordable on the continent. Self-drives are the best way to see the Big Five: lions, leopards, rhinos, buffaloes and elephants. South Africa is also home to the world’s highest bridge bungee jump, at Bloukrans Bridge on the border of the Eastern and Western Cape. South Africa is also blessed by endless stretches of isolated beach, perfect for horseback riding, blow-carting, surfing, stand-up paddle boarding and much, much more. For those who truly want to experience the best of both worlds while on vacation, this remarkable country is also home to Tiffindell, one of only two ski resorts in Southern Africa.

Egypt

Abu Simbel

Underwater

The Red Sea is every diver’s dream, combining warm waters, unparalleled visibility, and thriving marine life. Liveaboards are the best way to make this dream a reality. Most itineraries focus either on the northern or the southern Red Sea. In the north, highlights include the Straits of Tiran and the Ras Mohammed National Park, both of which offer magnificent reefs that positively teem with life. In the south, a favorite site is Elphinstone Reef, famous for regular sightings of oceanic whitetips. Of the Red Sea’s many wrecks, the most famous is the SS Thistlegorm, sunk in 1941 by two German bomber planes.

There’s equally impressive wreck diving on the Dunraven, the Chrisoula K, the Carnatic, and Giannis D. The Red Sea is also home to one of the world’s deepest blue holes. Near Dahab, it’s accessible to recreational divers via the famous Bells to Blue Hole dive route.

Topside

Egypt is steeped in history and culture. Dramatic landmarks and natural features are a perfect playground for any intrepid traveler. Although the pyramids at Giza are undoubtedly the country’s most iconic feature, the Sinai desert also offers many opportunities for adventure. Quad-bike and 4×4 safaris are an excellent way to experience the desert in all its arid glory. For a more authentic taste of desert life, adventure-seekers should try a mounted camel-trek. You’ll see the desert’s spectacular dunes and canyons in much the same way as the Bedouin people have for thousands of years. Egypt is also home to the Nile. Although it is primarily the domain of larger cruise vessels, it is possible to go sailing on its historic waters.

Mexico

Ek’ Balam, Yucatan Peninsula

Underwater

When it comes to diving, few places in the world offer as much diversity as Mexico. From the colorful reefs of Cozumel to the high-octane pelagic action of the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico offers something for every diver. Off the Yucatan Peninsula, Isla Mujeres acts as an aggregation site first for Atlantic sailfish between February and March, and later for whale sharks between May and September. On the west coast, Guadalupe Island offers the very best in great-white cage diving, combining crystal clear water with some breathtakingly huge sharks.

Socorro Island in the Revillagigedo Archipelago is also famous for its creature encounters. You can swim alongside manta rays, sharks and even humpback whales during their annual migration. The Yucatan also offers spectacular cenote diving, whereby qualified divers can explore the peninsula’s fascinating subterranean rivers. The Baja California peninsula offers more pelagic action at Gordo Bank, sea lion encounters at Los Islotes and reefs pulsing with life at Cabo Pulmo Marine Park.

Topside

On the mainland, Mexico’s terrestrial adventures are just as varied and exciting. The Yucatan’s subterranean rivers create intricate cave systems, which are perfect for spelunking and caving. The Cancun region is also famous for watersports of all kinds, particularly kitesurfing and parasailing. Mexico has a fascinating past, too. Adventure-seekers can experience a different kind of thrill as they explore the ruins of the Mayan civilization. Many of these ruins are still hidden within the tangle of the encroaching jungle, which makes a visit feel like traveling back in time. This country’s beautiful mountain regions also offer ample opportunity for outdoor adventures. Extreme kayaking, horseback riding and zip lining are just a few options.

The post Best Dive and Topside Destinations appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

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delsonbundrick97 · 4 years

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Early Ejaculation Treatment Pills Staggering Unique Ideas

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maxwellyjordan · 4 years

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Argument analysis: Argument analysis: Justices divided in debate over “ministerial exception”

This morning the Supreme Court heard oral argument in a pair of cases filed by two teachers in southern California, who sued the Catholic schools where they worked after they learned that their contracts wouldn’t be renewed. The Catholic schools have urged the courts to throw out the teachers’ cases, relying on a doctrine known as the “ministerial exception,” which bars ministers from suing churches and other religious institutions for employment discrimination. In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that the exception prohibited a lawsuit filed by a teacher at a Lutheran school who was also an ordained minister, but it expressly declined to provide a formula for courts to use to determine whether other employees qualify as ministers in future cases. The 2012 ruling was unanimous, but after over an hour and a half of oral argument today, it appeared less likely that the justices’ eventual decision in today’s cases would be.

One of the teachers, Kristen Biel, taught fifth grade at St. James School in Torrance, California, beginning in 2013. When the school did not renew her contract for the following year, Biel – who had told the school that she was being treated for breast cancer the following year – filed a lawsuit in federal court alleging that she had been the victim of disability discrimination. Agnes Morrissey-Berru, who taught fifth grade at Our Lady of Guadalupe School in Hermosa Beach, California, from 1999 until 2015, filed an age discrimination lawsuit when she learned that her contract would not be renewed. In both cases, the schools argued, and the federal trial courts agreed, that the women’s suits were barred by the ministerial exception. But the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit reinstated the suits, concluding that the ministerial exception normally requires the employee to play a “religious leadership” role, which in its view Biel and Morrissey-Berru did not.

Arguing for the schools, lawyer Eric Rassbach told the justices that, if the separation of church and state means anything, it means that the government cannot interfere with a church’s decisions about who is authorized to teach its religion. Because the teachers in these cases were the “primary agents” for teaching the Catholic faith to students “for hours on end over the course of a week,” Rassbach emphasized, they fall within the ministerial exception and their lawsuits should be dismissed. By contrast, Rassbach suggested, the teachers have urged the court to focus on their title, which would elevate “form over function” and “hopelessly entangle” courts in the affairs of religious institutions.

Some justices expressed concern that the schools’ interpretation of the exception would sweep too broadly. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg asked Rassbach to explain who would not be a minister in his clients’ view.

Rassbach responded that any school employees who were not performing important religious functions would not be covered by the exception – for example, a janitor or an IT professional. A coach, Rassbach suggested, would not necessarily be regarded as a minister unless he was performing religious functions.

Ginsburg pushed back, asking about a scenario in which a coach leads the players in an opening prayer.

If the only religious activity in which the coach engages is the opening prayer, Rassbach suggested, then the coach would not be a minister, because the religious role would be minimal. And more broadly, Rassbach sought to assure the justices that courts would not have to make such decisions often.

Justice Stephen Breyer chimed in. Federal laws, Breyer noted, allow employers to hire someone who belongs to a particular religion if there is a connection between the job and the religion. And the ministerial exception would apply to bar a lawsuit by someone in a leadership position in a church. Why, Breyer asked Rassbach, do you need more than that?

Justice Sonia Sotomayor echoed Breyer’s and Ginsburg’s questions. You are asking, she told Rassbach, for an exception that is broader than the ministerial exception and broader than what is needed to protect the church. Biel (who died last year, but whose husband has continued the lawsuit) and Morrissey-Berru aren’t claiming that they were fired because the school thought they were teaching religion wrong; they are claiming that they were the victims of discrimination based on their disability and age. You are asking, Sotomayor continued, for an exemption from a variety of laws, such as the Family and Medical Leave Act and “all sorts of laws, including breach of contract.”

Justice Elena Kagan fired a series of hypotheticals at Rassbach, ranging from a math teacher who teaches “something about Judaism for ten minutes a week” to a nurse at a Catholic hospital who prays with sick patients and an employee at a soup kitchen who leads grace before meals. What’s the connection, Kagan asked Rassbach, between the employees who would or would not fall under the exception, in your view?

Kagan’s questions embodied the apparent concerns of several justices on the court: How exactly should the court draw the line to determine which employees are “ministers” for purposes of the exception? For Rassbach, this meant answering questions like the one he received from Justice Clarence Thomas, who pressed him to explain how a court would determine whether an employee performs an important religious function.

Rassbach pointed to some of the roles described in the court’s 2012 ruling in Hosanna-Tabor Lutheran Church v. EEOC, such as preaching, teaching and leading worship. And if other roles are at issue, Rassbach suggested, courts should give some weight to the church’s understanding of the employee’s role.

Justice Neil Gorsuch was skeptical. Even when courts defer to the religious institution, Gorsuch told Rassbach, you are still asking us to make some decision about what is important and what is not. Gorsuch envisioned a hypothetical school in which everyone pledged to try to help kids be part of the faith. What, Gorsuch asked, do we do about that?

Justice Brett Kavanaugh also worried aloud about how to distinguish between different kinds of teachers. Would an English teacher “who sprinkles in references to Matthew 25 and ‘feed the hungry’” or an art teacher who discusses art in the Vatican be covered by the ministerial exception? Rassbach responded that they would not be, but Kavanaugh seemed unconvinced. Are we going to have litigation, Kavanaugh queried, over what particular students take away from particular coaches or students if you win this case?

Arguing for the federal government, which filed a “friend of the court” brief supporting the schools, Morgan Ratner, an assistant to the U.S. solicitor general, faced similar questions, including one from Chief Justice John Roberts: Is a court supposed to look at what is a significant religious function and what is an insignificant one?

Ratner sought to reassure the court that looking at the functions described in Hosanna-Tabor – such as whether the employee engaged in preaching, teaching and leading worship – would address most ordinary cases in this area. This standard been around since the 1980s, Ratner reminded the justices; it is not something that the federal government is inventing, nor is it a rule that courts will struggle with.

But Ginsburg disagreed, describing the breadth of exemption that Ratner was proposing as “staggering.” What about a lay teacher, with job duties similar to those of Biel and Morrissey-Berru, who is fired after she reports a student’s complaint that she has been sexually harassed by a priest. She has no remedy?

In his questions for Ratner, Gorsuch seemed to suggest that the government’s position doesn’t go far enough. In other contexts, Gorsuch observed, the Supreme Court has emphasized repeatedly that courts shouldn’t examine how central someone’s religious beliefs are; it is enough that the beliefs are sincerely held. But here, he told Ratner, the government is asking the court to decide who is playing an “important” religious role and who has a minimal one. Doesn’t that create, Gorsuch asked, the same kind of entanglement that we have tried to avoid elsewhere? Why can’t we just say that a church’s sincerely held religious belief about who is a minister should decide the case?

Arguing for the teachers, lawyer Jeffrey Fisher told the justices that they were “absolutely right” to be concerned that a focus on whether an employee serves an “important religious function” would result in courts’ being enmeshed in the affairs of religious institutions. Instead, Fisher argued, the Supreme Court should rule that courts should look at “objective factors,” such as an employee’s title. Such a rule, Fisher contended, would be consistent with how the lower courts had been applying the ministerial exception in the decades leading up to Hosanna-Tabor, when they consistently held that lay teachers were not covered by the exception even if they taught religion. Fisher cautioned the justices that if the court were to rule that all “important religious functions” trigger the ministerial exception, it would see a flood of cases, involving employees at all kinds of workplaces operated by religious institutions. We are talking, Fisher emphasized, about hundreds of thousands of nurses’ being stripped of employment protections, for example. Moreover, Fisher added, the schools’ rule would call into question things like credentialing requirements and criminal background checks for teachers at religious schools.

Roberts characterized the teachers’ position as more “formalistic” – that is, more focused on titles than on whether the teachers are performing religious functions. My concern, Roberts told Fisher, is that different faiths may put different stock in titles, and that such standard would be “pretty manipulable”; religious institutions could simply shield themselves from liability by giving everyone a title.

Fisher explained that titles are an important first factor to consider, but that courts should generally follow the multi-factor test that the justices outlined in Hosanna-Tabor. Courts should look not only at the title but also at whether the employee had specific training or needed to belong to the same religion, Fisher noted.

Thomas highlighted what he saw as a contradiction in the teachers’ argument. Biel and Morrissey-Berru, he recounted, sometimes led their students in prayer or took them to church services, which they could not do at the local public school. Fisher responded that although such actions would indeed cross the line for public school teachers, the distinction doesn’t shed any light on what makes someone a minister. But Thomas countered that he found it a “bit odd” that something that would violate the Constitution when done in a public school would not be enough to qualify for constitutional protection in a religious school.

Although his colleagues had earlier expressed concerns about how to draw the line between different kinds of religious functions, including different roles for teachers, Justice Samuel Alito seemed more sympathetic to the schools’ argument. He asked Fisher whether the ministerial exception would apply to a middle- or high-school teacher who taught only religion all day. Fisher did not concede that a teacher in that position was a “minister,” but he seemed to suggest that it would be a closer case than those of his clients, elementary school teachers who taught all subjects and just happened “to pick up the workbook for 40 minutes a day and teach religion.”

Alito did not appear to agree that the two kinds of teachers should be treated differently. “For a school that is set up by a religious body,” Alito emphasized, “the teaching of religion is central.” Otherwise, Alito suggested, the students could simply go to public school.

In his rebuttal, Rassbach warned the justices that upholding the 9th Circuit’s decision would “replace Hosanna-Tabor’s well-designed framework for deciding delicate church/state questions with a constitutional thicket.” Virtually all of the justices appeared to share concerns about avoiding a constitutional thicket, but it was far less clear that there was any consensus on the best way to do so.

A decision in the case is expected by summer.

This post was originally published at Howe on the Court.

The post Argument analysis: Argument analysis: Justices divided in debate over “ministerial exception” appeared first on SCOTUSblog.

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buzzdixonwriter · 4 years

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The Case Of The Glamorous Ghost by Erle Stanley Gardner: An Analysis

Not so much a book review as a look at the pantser vs. plotter schools of writing.

Most writers would give their eyeteeth to create a character as iconic and memorable as Perry Mason. Nobody ever accused Erle Stanley Gardner of being a great littérateur but dang, the lad could write entertaining popular fiction and did he ever write a lot of it!

Skipping over Gardner’s own fascinating personal history, he’s known as one of the legendary “million words a year” writers of the pulp era (Walter B. Gibson a.k.a. Maxwell “The Shadow” Grant, Frederick Schiller Faust a.k.a. Max Brand, and Lester Dent a.k.a. Kenneth “Doc Savage” Robeson being other stalwarts in that class), cranking out a staggering four thousand words a day for most of his productive career.

He wrote, out of sheer necessity, as a pantser (i.e., one who writes by the seat of their pants, changing story and characters as it unfolds before them); there simply wasn’t enough time for intricate plotting or in-depth characterization.

Striking gold with Perry Mason, Gardner quickly left the pulps and focused almost entirely on books averaging three Perry Mason novels plus other mysteries and non-fiction books each year.

The coronavirus lockdown gives me ample opportunity to catch up of my reading, and since a 1979 omnibus of Perry Mason novels sat unread on my shelf far too long, I’m using that for bedtime reading.

They are the ideal type of stories to end the day with: Fast paced, melodramatic enough so the reader doesn’t need to invest heavily in plot or characters, featuring beloved series characters whom we enjoy seeing in action (of course, Raymond Burr, Barbara Hale as Della Street, and William Hopper as Paul Drake put their marks on those characters so thoroughly it’s now almost impossible to envision them any differently).

The Case Of The Glamourous Ghost is a 1955 book that Gardner wrote with one eye on possible serialization in The Saturday Evening Post (it wasn’t; that year’s SatEvPost serial was The Case Of The Sunbather’s Diary).

It bears all the earmarks of that particular market: A puzzling and salacious hook (but not too salacious for white bread America), a batch of red herrings and possible suspects, a seemingly doomed defendant who can’t keep their story straight or tell the truth, and in the last chapter Perry kicks Hamilton Burger’s ass around the block during cross examination.

(Sidebar: When I re-watched the old Perry Mason TV series a few months back, I realized I’d forgotten how sneaky, underhanded, and duplicitous Perry could be when it came to defending a client. The later books, written with SatEvPost in mind as a possible market, show him acting even more duplicitously than that, and that version of Perry is toned down from the original early novels. No wonder Burger and the cops hated him.)

But to quote what John Ormsby wrote about the original English translation of Don Quixote: “It has all the freshness and vigour, but also a full measure of the faults, of a hasty production.”

Gardner never broke his penny-a-word pulps writing habits, and extensively padded the first third of The Case Of The Glamour Ghost. Perry will tell Della to call Paul, Della will say she’ll call Paul, Della actually calls Paul and tells him Perry wants to speak to him, Della will then tell Perry that Paul is on the line, and finally Perry will actually talk to him.

Gardner himself explained why: "At three cents a word, every time I say 'Bang' in the story I get three cents. If you think I'm going to finish the gun battle while my hero still has fifteen cents worth of unexploded ammunition in his gun, you're nuts."

The ”glamourous ghost” in question is Perry’s soon-to-be client, a young woman arrested by the police wearing nothing but a torn negligée and a raincoat. Gardner actually stages this “off camera” in the form of a tongue-in-cheek newspaper article, thus allowing the reader to fill in as many details as they wish…or are comfortable with.

Not a bad approach for scenes like this, but one that can (and in this case, does) prove problematic further along.

The glamourous ghost claims amnesia, and in a few short paragraphs her half-sister shows up to hire Perry.

Seems their dad is a well respected jeweler and the ghost is a bit of a free spirit as they would say back in the day, and the lady in Perry’s office thinks her younger semi-sibling might be in some kind of trouble and if she is the scandal would traumatize dear old dad…

Okay, you don’t need to be a die hard mystery fan to recognize this set-up comes straight out of Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep, and sure enough, only a few pages more and we’ve got a corpse on our hands, the amnesiac’s purported new husband.

Well, if you’re gonna steal, steal from the best, right?

Here’s where pantsing becomes problematic: Chandler wrote his novel by mashing up previously published short stories (primarily “Killer In The Rain” and “The Curtain” but bits and pieces of a few others as well), combining and recasting characters, and creating Philip Marlowe as his new iconic private eye narrator.

Cannibalizing previous material gave Chandler a leg up on plotting and characterization, and he did smooth over a lot of loose ends to produce a mostly coherent novel.

Infamously, however, he left the murder of a minor character unexplained, and when Leigh Brackett and William Faulkner adapted The Big Sleep for the screen in 1946, finding themselves stymied by this crime they simply picked up the phone, called Chandler, and asked who killed the chauffeur.

There came a long pause on the other end of the line followed by: “…damn…”

Gardner, savvy enough not to follow Chandler’s footsteps too closely, spins his story in a different direction, but not before following them far enough to keep the murdered supposed husband permanently off stage, never seen in the flesh but described by people who knew or interacted with him.

That worked for Chandler because all Marlowe need do is figure out who dunnit, he’s not obliged to act on that information.

Perry can’t do that, not without losing his law license and being charged as an accessory after the fact.

So Gardner starts spitballin’ ideas and comes up with an explanation that, while not the least bit plausible, will serve for a fast paced Perry Mason novel.

The middle third of the novel presents various red herrings in the form of clues and characters, and proves the most entertaining portion because Perry actually does talk about the legal limits a lawyer faces, and how to circumvent them in true lawyerly fashion. Here’s where the bulk of the actual detectin’ goes on, and dear old dad and older half-sister pop up a few times.

At some point, Gardner realizes big sis’ motivation makes absolutely no sense.

If her stated objective is to protect dear old dad by sweeping things under the rug, she makes a piss poor job of it by hiring the most famous lawyer in town and turning it into a media circus.

So Gardner shows Perry already thought of that angle, and assumes big sis’ really wants to case to blow wide open publicly, and it does, and…and…

…and Gardner just forgets about it.

Indeed, by the last third of the story big sis and dear old dad virtually disappear from the narrative, popping up among the spectators in court and that’s it.

There’s a host of other characters who flow in and out of the story, far too many of them too similar in appearance and function.

That’s partially due to one character’s motives as they target a certain kind of person in the story, hence so many of that type appearing.

It’s also a function of not adequately revising a story once written, not necessarily drastically rewriting it, but making sure every character is distinctive, every action is clear.

One certainly can’t blame Gardner for writing fast. His 1935 pulp era income would be well over $375,000 today, and at the time of his death he held the best selling career total for an American writer (some upstart named Stephen King has since overtaken him).

But it does demonstrate both the bane and boon of the pantsing method.

As a staff writer, many a time I would pitch a detailed outline to a studio, get the okay to proceed, then during the actual writing discover characters and scenes originally envisioned didn’t work as well as planned, that new ideas and opportunities presented themselves as the story unfolded.

As a story editor, I needed to separate the wheat from the chaff, to see when a writer could go off in a new direction, and when they needed guidance back to the original workable premise.

Gardner then, like King today, proved just too successful for anyone to corral, and as a result individual works suffer at the expense of career success.

The last third of the book proves the densest in terms of writing and plot. It’s only two chapters long but they’re both several times longer than any of the earlier chapters.

They represent two days of courtroom testimony with a little detectin’ going on in between.

Gardner finally gets around to explaining -- or rather, trying to explain -- why Perry’s client went prancing around virtually naked on the night in question and holy %#@& does it not make a lick of sense. It’s not just an example of idiot plotting, it’s perverse idiot plotting, behaving in a manner that only guarantees to make things worse for you.

Seriously, one phone call to the police followed by “I want a lawyer” and this story would be wrapped up in twenty pages.

Twelve if that lawyer is Perry Mason.

There are clever bits (no spoilers, but the resolution hinges on two seemingly identical things not being identical at all, and Gardner drops that clue expertly so no complaints there) but there are also flaws.

A Perry Mason story is the kind of mystery where the culprit needs to be someone with an active involvement in his client’s life, there needs to be a direct motive to frame or involve the client.

It’s not like Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle’s “The Red-Headed League” in which the client himself is a red herring and the true mystery lays elsewhere, or a police procedural like Ed McBain’s 87th Precinct stories where it’s just a matter of relentlessly following each thread until one of them leads somewhere.

Of course, the real appeal of a Perry Mason novel lays not in solving the mystery but rather watching Perry and Della and Paul do the solving. If the actual mystery and solution proves farfetched (and The Case Of The Glamourous Ghost stands arguably among the most farfetched of the series), it’s at least entertaining and a pleasant afternoon or evening filler.

But it does demonstrate for serious writers, there needs to be a happy medium where pantsing and plotting co-exist.

In my short stories and fictoids I’m typically a pantser. I know where I’m starting from, I know where I’d like to wind up, and I set off.

Should I discover a more interesting route or destination along the way, I’m fully capable of going there.

But longer forms require more deliberate aforethought.

Not necessarily plotting out each and every beat (that can squeeze the life and soul out of a story) but enough structure to provide for growth.

To mix in a gardening metaphor, it’s like raising a tomato plant.

Left to themselves most will grow out wildly in all directions and fail to produce a useable crop.

Give them a framework to climb up, watch them carefully, encourage the best tendrils to flourish and trim them as needed (i.e., “kill your darlings”), and you wind up with a big, bountiful crop.

Gardner never tried for high literature and that’s okay; every chef needn’t specialize in fillet mignon.

He certainly cranked out enough Big Macs to make himself -- and more importantly, his readers -- happy.

Decide what you want to dish out…

…and plan accordingly.

#writing #Erle Stanley Gardner #Perry Mason #The Case Of The Glamourous Ghost #plotting

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robot-radar · 7 years

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2016 Chrysler Pacifica Photos

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Review

In the event that you have been a voyager or place with a standard charge and Toyota Sienna Honda Odysseys all his life that is sans lead Chrysler little vans have been, in a manner of speaking, in a momentous state notables maritime place.

While Chrysler was a pioneer in the segment in the 1980s, the previous two decades have been generally more like what ought to be called Cleveland Browns motion pictures or after Wachowski The Matrix. Be that as it may, here is 2016 Chrysler Pacifica. It is another name for another van, and prepare to reestablish your objectives.

Chrysler had a normal and cost/truck Pacifica SUV brought in mid-2000, yet there is no relationship here. On the other hand maybe, this Pacifica replaces the city and the van now suspended.

Chrysler give the name of the family assert the T and C is an audit of how distinctive this new Pacifica. It relies on upon another light however strong structure and is included in a lovely style amazing, particularly inside.

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2016 Chrysler Pacifica Pictures

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2016 Chrysler Pacifica Price

2016 Chrysler Pacifica For Sale

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Inside

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2016 Chrysler Pacifica

The Pacifica joins some new discretionary parts, including the back motivation structure with two screens, modified crisis braking, an arranged vacuum and a mechanized parallel and turn around parallel. In the same captivating way is the new scope of cream Pacifica.

The fundamental half and half MPV available (assortment of modules or something else), and Chrysler says it can drive up to 30 miles on electric power alone before changing to electric/crossover standard mixture electric.

This makes Pacifica get to be distinctly one of the best minivans available in 2016. Take a test drive and we trust we are staggered by the area that the Pacifica can mastermind (or propel) appearance, Stars, Odyssey and Sienna, Van, Sedona.

It is additionally a high cost, commonly influences the remarkable base solidification lower than a comparative blend of parts. In this line, the Cleveland Browns win the Super Bowl 51? Are the Wachowskis higher than Matrix? Clearly, weird things can happen. Essentially, see 2016 Pacifica.

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Building

2016 Chrysler Pacifica was upgraded to the point of another beginning stage before offering unit sort and administration and lessening of wreckage, savagery and vibration (NVH). Its body structure is the lightest and most unbending in its class, making it more touchy to lower levels of development and spryness stretched out to ingest and pass out and about doors.

The decision of disentangled parts adds to the practicality of the unsustainable Pacifica fuel.

The new Pacifica is composed and executed to give a tasteful “Vault” environment in the twist underneath the street commotion and vibration-related components/unpleasantness. Dynamic clamor cancellation (ANC) is standard on all models to frame Chrysler Pacifica’s refinement figure for a long or with companions and travel fellowship.

The Chrysler Pacifica has the inside volume the vast majority of the territory, with capacity holds, it got eight accessible travelers – an unquestionable requirement for each littler truck than anticipated FCA USA – versatility to a 8 x 4 foot plywood.

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Powertrain

The new 2016 Chrysler Pacifica MPV has two reasonable, beneficial and prepared motors, the fundamental parcel of the cross breed vehicle and the best class time by holding fast to the triumphant motor Penta V-6, amassed with altered four-star.

The Pacifica Hybrid, the primary electrically fueled minivan, is around 30 miles away just on the electric lithium starter electric starter zero 16 kilowatts worked.

The privilege to drive in the city relies on upon accomplishing a rate of 80 MPGe of proficiency toward the start of the benchmarks of the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States.

The primary conclusion behind the new Chrysler Pacifica is its transmission of creative registering power (EVT). CAF approved by the United States, the gadget has two electric engines, which can drive the vehicle wheels.

In Chrysler Pacifica gas models, the most recent 3.6-liter V-6 Penta arrangement goes for the best power (287) and 262 lb-ft of torque, in spite of unmatched proficiency.

Changes, for instance, consider expanding two phase valves (VVL), appropriating the distribution of fumes gas cooled fumes gas distribution (EGR) and inventive methods to broaden the weight diminishes the importance And motor application.

For an all the more intense fuel limit, motor start-up (ESS) is a standard part in the 2016 Chrysler Pacifica (late opening).

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Compose

Check with the Chrysler material, the Chrysler Pacifica has another athletic cutting quality. A quick and smooth pinnacle complete and level surfaces offer a level of style that are not a portion of scaled down vans. Sliding entryways Pacifica lines are covered up under the back windows, which makes them on a very basic level equivocal.

With its long wheelbase, wide track, low passage on the ground and the 20-inch wheels open, the Chrysler Pacifica gives the impression of being planted, with an apt position.

Mixture Chrysler Pacifica sections of a flame broil and zipper design start to perceive what the course of action is Pacifica.

Inside, painstakingly characterized and flawlessly prepared, cut and front lines are highlighted with a solid feeling. With lines drawn on a level surface, plenitude opens internal and keeps sections of the man’s eye through the inn.

Uncover the rooftop tri-up load accessible with a doubly-included sunroof and a heap of glass laying on the third section, to be added to the applied space.

The Chrysler Pacifica and Pacifica Hybrid are accessible in 10-tone outside paint that highlights the vehicle’s scope: clear coat layer of dark precious stone gleaming layer straightforward silver metal clear straightforward, liquid silver straightforward metal, diminished dabs Cordouan, white layer barrier, Retouching greenish blue globule metallic rock and silver layer.

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Security Assurance

The new 2016 Chrysler Pacifica offers a definitive in flourishing and wellbeing improvement, offering more than 100 standard and accessible parts. Open exceptional for the new Pacifica is the Surround View camera, which utilizes four cameras put around the vehicle to give viewers 360 degrees, including from the perspective of the vehicle and its environment. Different highlights include:

Stop Parallel/Perpendicular Park Assist, which utilizes ultrasonic sensors to control the pilot in parking spots

Adaptable stop and maintenance control, which keeps the separation between the vehicle and the front pass and you can move the vehicle to a controlled stop under uncommon conditions

Instigate Collision Warning-Plus acquaints the brakes with alarm the driver if an effect appears to come and help with the driver’s reaction.

Sense Way Lane Departure Warning-Plus utilizations Electronic Power Management (EPS) giving a few duty to alarm and help the driver to remedial activity

Other standard and open segments Join the blind side checking, Recoil Park stop, Parkview raise see camera security, electronic steadiness control and electric stopping brake. As a steady US tries to repeat the wellbeing of the CAF and the front drive, the new Pacifica body structure offers the utilization of extra class first component steel.

The Chrysler Pacifica likewise has five seats that suits the base of LATCH’s youngsters’ flourishing – the absolute most remote point in the fragment.

2016 Chrysler Pacifica Advancement and Comfort

2016 Chrysler Pacifica is the most creative of its kind vehicle, which offers another diversion Uconnect structure, screen data 7-inch shading, 8.4-inch touchscreen, Uconnect get to acclaimed unmistakable and distinctive components.

With the new and picked auxiliary motivating force of the Uconnect class framework, Scouts can watch motion pictures, play implanted sidetracks, change one of a kind peripherals to explore the substance of the Internet and course in the vehicle through two superior quality screens Definition 10-inch .

Key delicate Sense Key Open speed cutoff points and sound volume, sound quiets when the front safety belt is not settled, keeps the debilitated individual portions, for instance Advantage-Park Advance Plus and Park Sense for all additionally stopping and Of SiriusXM Radio channel parts.

2016 Chrysler Pacifica is anything but difficult to utilize and simple to utilize Uconnect 8.4 framework with a 8.4-inch touch screen, obviously it has dealt with voice control, Uconnect Access, which keeps drivers and pioneers associated with the Information, for instance, documents

For audiophile sound quality, the Chrysler Pacifica runs with six speakers and dynamic commotion cancellation. They are additionally accessible class-sound structures, either a Harman Kardon Alpine 13 speaker framework or the 20-speaker structure.

The 2016 Chrysler Pacifica is stacked with accommodation and solace, including Keyless Enter ‘n Go, Start Remote Heating and Ventilated Seats. Other phenomenal sections are the entrances and the first back, worked by enhancing breaks down the entryway or keeping to open or close the sliding entryways sliding in reverse.

For settlement gave, if RIDGID control off Stow ‘n Vac gives fundamental access to all sides of the vehicle. The seat framework and Stow ‘n Go limits, a part of smaller than normal vans FCA USA for over 10 years, has been upgraded for lodging and improvement of the new Stow’ n Go Assist Feature streamlines technique.

With the push of a checkpoint in portion B, the front seat to permit the seat to guarantee the second line on the shower floor. Once the seat is enrolled by squeezing the retainer moves the front seat from its part to a sort position.

Likewise, the straightforward second portion leaning back seats permit fundamental access to the third line, even with a filling framework without filling introduced on the second column.

2016 Chrysler Pacifica – Get to be distinctly one of the best Minivans 2016 Chrysler Pacifica Review In the event that you have been a voyager or place with a standard charge and Toyota Sienna Honda Odysseys all his life that is sans lead Chrysler little vans have been, in a manner of speaking, in a momentous state notables maritime place.

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wayneooverton · 7 years

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Best Dive and Topside Destinations

Indonesia

Bromo volcano at sunrise

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Costa Rica

Irazú Volcano

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The post Best Dive and Topside Destinations appeared first on Scuba Diver Life.

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wallpaperpainter · 4 years

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