#antivenom

[spaghettibastard]

Symbiote

#symbiote #Spiderman #Venom #carnage #Antivenom

[why-i-love-comics]

Carnage #4 (2024)

written by Torunn Gronbekk art by Pere Perez & Erick Arciniega

#carnage #antivenom #cletus kasady #flash thompson #marvel #marvel comics #wednesday spoilers #spoilers #comic spoilers

[reaperlight]

Ca(n)tivenom

@krisseratops

#dash magic #dash did a thing #comedy #kitties #antivenom #venom #spiderman #spider-man #symbiote #symbiotes #klyntar #cat!antivenom #kitty!antivenom #eddie brock #flash thompson #anti venom #anti-venom #🐈‍⬛🐈🐈‍⬛🐈🐈‍⬛🐈🐈‍⬛🐈

[roseofhybrids]

"Hmmm, would the characters in this setting be able to make antivenom on their own?"

One google search later

"What do you mean you need a horse?!"

#ya learn something new everyday #writing #research #antivenom #horse #or a sheep #most of the examples say horse though

[inhyuklee]

Anti-Venom Who's next? #antivenom #spiderman #inhyuklee #안티베놈 #스파이더맨 #이인혁 https://www.instagram.com/p/CjzEVz4JNs5/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#antivenom #spiderman #inhyuklee #안티베놈 #스파이더맨 #이인혁

[hollyevolving]

Accredited zoos are absolutely essential to global conservation efforts. And also to the antivenom distribution network.

#vlogbrothers #hank green #zoo #conservation #antivenom #denver zoo

[teriibyte]

I am the cure.

[timelapse]

#digital #fanart #marvel #venom #digital painting #venom comics #eddie brock #anti venom #alexandre cabanel #fallen angel #antivenom

[figtreeandvine]

In a post talking about animal medical testing, someone who was vehemently again it listed "horror stories" in a comment that included "injecting horses with snake venom".

Which...yes?

Horses are injected with a tiny amount of venom, which spurs their immune systems to create antibodies too it. Then they are injected with a tiny bit more each time until they are immune to the venom of that species of snake (or multiple species). Their blood serum can then be used for making antivenom to treat snake bites.

And no, they aren't killed for their blood any more than a Red Cross blood donor is--people making antivenom have every incentive to keep their donor horses alive and healthy as long as possible. Killing them would be stupid and wasteful!

I suspect at worst the injection of venom is like getting a Covid shot--an ow and then feeling blah for a day or two. It's a vaccination, they don't want to kill or injure them, or even frighten them since that would to make them difficult to handle in the future. Blood draws are probably not dissimilar to the Red Cross--stand in this comfy stall eating delicious high calorie snackies while someone pokes you with a needle.

(An animal sanctuary in Costa Rica that had a sizeable population of eyelash vipers that they removed from people's houses and yards (to prevent people from killing the snakes instead) also had four horses that weren't mentioned at all in the tour, which I thought...odd...until I realized the probable connection.)

Tl;dr --Injecting horses with snake venom is standard practice for creating antivenom, so if you get bit by a rattlesnake thank a horse for your life.

#snakes #horses #antivenom

[gnatty-bug]

Haven’t done one of these in a long time - happy Webhead Wednesday! Almost all packed for @megaconorlando , still don’t have my voice back, but we’re going to chug tea and push through! Let me know if I’ll be seeing you this weekend!! 📷 by @lazzaro_studios #spidergwen #antivenom #spidergwencosplay #megacon #antigwenomcosplay #spiderverse (at Megacon Orlando) https://www.instagram.com/p/CqYgrVnpCZF/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#spidergwen #antivenom #spidergwencosplay #megacon #antigwenomcosplay #spiderverse

[bitemythumb]

#humor #fanfiction #Shia Leabeoufs #Spideypool #antivenom #fic #technically a fic rec #morning in the burned house

[dramatic-shitpost-poet]

U.S. Venomous Snake Species and venom info

What are the four categories of venomous snakes?

Rattlesnakes

Copperheads

Cottonmouth

Coral

*Note: All besides coral snakes are somewhat related, and that makes up the pit viper family

Pit vipers have small heat sensing pits near their noses to help them find prey

*Note: Coral snakes are more closely related to cobras and sea snakes

They are regarded as more venomous than pit vipers

How many species?

There are 22 recognized species and 37 subspecies that can all be sorted into one of the categories 

*Note: The most common type are rattlesnakes

What makes them venomous?

What makes a snake venomous is the presence of front fangs (not a rear hollow tooth in fear-ranged venomous- different type and not lethal or that painful) and highly modified saliva (toxic/venom) that is used to paralyze, harm, digest, or serve as an otherwise defense mechanism.

Their bites have to either be painful or lethal to be considered truly venomous and significant. 

*Note: There are constrictors, rear fanged venomous, and venomous snakes 

What makes up snake venom?

Snake venom is a heterogeneous mixture made up of peptides, lipids, enzymes, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (as much as most other things). 

Usually are made from at least 20 different compounds to make the full mixture

There are many different chemical formulas for snake venoms depending on species, subspecies, age, morphs, etc. so they will be left off this sheet as all those factors could change the genetic makeup of the venom

This sheet focuses more on the biology and physiological effects rather than the chemistry

What types of venom exist?

There are 4 types of snake venom: proteolytic, hemotoxic (or haemotoxic), neurotoxic, and cytotoxic

Proteolytic is left out of most classifications as it is present in every snake bite, so it is often naturally assumed

Most snakes can create a mixture of different venoms, with the minimum of two (proteolytic as a base to basically upgrade the others)

Example: Jameson’s mamba produces a mixture of hemotoxic and neurotoxic venom

Proteolytic

Made from proteolytic enzymes (break down protein- digestion fluids)

More of an enzyme than true venom or toxin

Causes the degradation of tissue structures

This venom breaks down blood vessel walls and muscle tissues which accelerates the speed of envenomation

You will most likely feel this if it is paired with hemotoxic venom, but not neurotoxic

This is completely dependent on the venom it is paired with to take effect. Less of an actual harmful toxin on its own, but more of an add-on that accelerates and increases the pain

*Note: This type is often paired with Hemotoxic venom in rattlesnakes

Hemotoxic

Destroys red blood cells which directly impacts tissues and organs

Incredibly painful

50/50 on causing or preventing blood clotting (depends on other venoms it is paired with or other compounds in their saliva)

It interferes with blood pressure and platelets (what clots blood)

If untreated immediately you could have cardiovascular failure, loss of a limb, or internal bleeding

Hemo (think hemophilia- blood) attacks blood and cardiovascular, this is meant to kill prey

This is more internal destruction

Works slower than other venoms, so more time to get treatment, but your death will also be slower and more painful

You will feel this bite

*Note: Most rattlesnakes and copperheads have this type

Neurotoxic

Directly impacts the nervous system which can paralyze muscles and damage the brain to the point of unconsciousness/coma

This toxin also hinders nerve activity or impulses throughout the body which can lead to nerve damage

This venom blocks transmissions from the brain to control muscles and nerves, especially skeletal (mostly spine/back) one, which almost always leads to paralysis

It has an immobilization effect, making the body limp or rigid

Swelling is a common side effect

If untreated long enough, this can prevent the brain from sending signals to the heart to pump, leading to cardiovascular failure

Some people do not feel these bites as they aren’t the most painful, but you will feel symptoms start to come (say 15-20 minutes after the bite)

Most will collapse and be rendered unconscious by an hour or two, making treatment incredibly hard

The pain builds and grows worse

*Note: Fun fact, the most deadly neurotoxin is Botox (as by commercial name)

*Note: Cobras, coral snakes, and mambas are known to have this venom

Cytotoxic

This kills cells by eating away at them, eating the tissues and often skin

This is less deadly than hemotoxic or neurotoxic venoms, but can lead to permanent disabilities and loss of limb function

This is regarded as the most painful

Can start necrosis fast, leading to dead and unrecoverable tissues 

This is more external destruction

Cytotoxin is a protein that kills cell membranes or makes them explode on a microscopic level in some cases

Regarded as the “flesh eating” venom

If untreated, it can spread from your skin cells and travel through your blood cells to your organs and other tissues, killing you, but this is less common (although some cases result in kidney and liver failure as the patients were not rushed to the hospital or given treatment ASAP)

*Note: Mostly vipers (specific would be rattlesnakes too) have this kind with the occasional cobra

Specific characteristics of U.S. venomous snakes:

Copperheads

Vertical pupils

Triangular head that is wider than the neck

Hourglass patterns down its back

Copper colors w/brown or reddish bands

Stocky body

Lighter bellies (sometimes pinkish)

Keeled scales (raised ridge) 

“Pit” area near eyes and nostrils

Babies have yellow tipped tails

Adults measure 24-37 inches long (between 2-3 ft)

Cottonmouths

Semi aquatic/often found in water

Mouth is bright white

Darker in outer coloration

Thick-bodied 

Adults measure 30-42 inches long (3-4 ft)

Older cottonmouths are often black

Very little markings or distinctive patterns

Broad, flat head that is wider than neck

Vertical pupils

Baby cottonmouths are brown/reddish with yellow/greenish-gray tipped tails

Rattlesnakes

Thick bodies

Triangular head

“Rattle” or interlocking circular scales at tip of tail

A new rattle every time the snake sheds

Depending on species they can be 1 ft to 5-8 ft

Heat sensing pits

Vertical pupils

Most are gray, brown, and rusty in color

Most have bands and diamonds for patterns

They can fold their fangs easily and jaw can go 180 degrees

Rattle produces sound as it moves fast and the scales click against each other

Coral snakes

Smooth scales

Slender

Adult size is 18-30 inches (1-3 ft roughly)

Most have colorful rings/bands touching each other (common is red, yellow, black)

Most are tricolored, but some are bicolored

Always circles or bands, no patterns like diamonds or triangles (uniform)

Fixed fangs (cannot fold up)

Smaller and sometimes weaker fangs, but larger venom potency 

More round heads

Lays eggs while other venomous snakes give live birth

Some are aquatic with flat tails

How much antivenom is needed?

Antivenom is a serum medicine that is used to combat the chemical compounds and physical symptoms of venoms or poisons through antibodies. 

One vial costs $1,200-$3,000 depending on where you are located/area of the bite

More than one vial is usually needed to combat snake bites with the minimum of 6 being common

Most insurances do cover the costs of antivenom and uninsured people might get a discount, but there are other financial issues

A big risk is that some people develop hypersensitivity or immunity to the antivenom itself by a few doses/vials in or the second time you are bitten by a venomous snake. You can develop immunities to antivenom, but never venom itself through any means. Also allergic reactions are an issue.

Copperhead antivenom

Most copperhead bites are painful, but not fatal (Still seek hospital help)

For copperheads, 4 to 6 doses are the most agreed upon dose if bitten

This leads the price of antivenom alone to be $4,800-$18,000

Rattlesnake antivenom

Seek hospitalization ASAP

Most time, there will be hourly injections of antivenom until improvement

Doses are going to change by the mL depending on bite and hour, so no proper estimate can be given

The amount of antivenom needed can strain your liver

Worst cases of envenomation sometimes require 10-15 vials of antivenom, so we’ll use that as a spitball estimate

For severe envenomation, the price would be $12,000-$45,000

Cottonmouth antivenom

There is less information on the bites of these snakes, but we will go with a similar estimate for copperheads

Seek hospitalization ASAP

Coral Snake antivenom

Seek hospitalization immediately

The average would be 3-5 vials with a high of 10 in most cases

The price would be $3,600-$30,000

#snakes #venom #venomous snakes #antivenom #antivenin #snake #united states herpetology #local species #death #morbidities #TW for venom and hospitals #research #my work #my research #mad scientist #mad scientists #pov mad scientist #chemistry #biology #herpetology #mad science #sciencecore #hyperfixations #we hyperfixating #could save your life #financial horror #identification

[baybeered]

SAVAGE AVENGERS #1 HAS ME LITTERALLY GOING INSANE

(spoilers below for anyone who cares)

TANDY AND TY ARE BACK BABY I AM SO FUCKING HAPPY

LOOK

LOOK

TANDY MAKING SOMETHING ELSE WITH HER LIGHT OTHER THAN A DAGGER??????? AND ITS A FUCKING ROSE??????? TY ALMOST PROPOSING TO HER???????????!??!?!?!??!?!?!?!!!?!?!!

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Still hate Tandy's haircut and the earrings, BUT, this outfit with the Dagger design on the shoulders is amazing, the design spreads to the back and makes this a solid 3rd place by way of Tandy outfit designs.

(here's the total ranking)

The outfit given to her during her time as one of the x-men

Her original outfit + the casual wear Jacket she wore over it during the 90's while she was blind

This one + Her look in All New Ultimates

Her look during the Runaways 2005 series

Her Heroes Reborn look + Dark Dagger from the Spider Island crossover (they're here mostly bc they're different but still nice)

In other news:

FLASH! Didn't know he'd be here, happy to see him :)

:) He's got a little friendship with Daredevil so that's cool

also he is thriving in this art style

continuing:

Daredevil looks cool as ever, really love her outfit so much

I'm frankly indifferent about Conan, um, he seems cool? Don't know much about him.

Same with weapon H, although I'm not a fan of his design.

Black Knight-wise I was hoping both of the Black Knights would be in this, not sure if I missed something between the solo series and now but aren't they supposed to be together?

Things I hate:

Tandy STILL has her bitchy personality from post spider-island (which was really ooc for her since pre that comic she was sweet and cared a lot about Ty, now, especially after the 2016 run, her being an asshole to Ty is dialed up to 11 still and they need to fix that seriously I'm 90% sure the spider-island characterization came from a place of misogyny because it's very "bitchy whore girlfriend" stereotype and frankly that sucks)

I HATE THAT STUPID ZOMBIE CYBORG BITCH

THOSE THINGS POPPED UP IN AVENGERS AND SOMEHOW MADE THE BOOK WORSE THAN IT ALREADY IS

WHY IS THIS IDIOTS DESIGN STUCK IN THE 90'S WHAT THE FUCK HES SO UGLY

PEAK 90'S EDGELORD FUCKING HELL

like for the 90's he looks great, for 30 years later I hope this bitch dies

to end on a positive note; I love time travel baybeeeeeee

#savage avengers #conan the barbarian #cloak and dagger #missing cloak and dagger hour #black knight #daredevil #deathlok #antivenom #agent venom #flash thompson #marvel comics

[why-i-love-comics]

Carnage #4 (2024)

written by Torunn Gronbekk art by Pere Perez & Erick Arciniega

#antivenom #flash thompson #rosie thompson #marvel #marvel comics #spoilers #wednesday spoilers #comic spoilers

[reaperlight]

#venom #polls #tumblr polls #symbiotes #symbiote #klyntar #marvel #spiderman #spider-man #carnage #scream #lasher #toxin #mania #scorn #the blue symbiote #raze #antivenom #anti venom #agent anti venom

[thegoodmexican]

#Mexico #science #scorpion #antivenom

[stevepaulmyers]

#savageavengers #avengers #conan #conanthebarbarian #marvel #comics #marvelcomics #books #comicbooks #bathtimebooks #firstissue #issue1 #1 #1stissue #weaponh #deathlok #blackKnight #daredevil #elektra #antivenom #venom #flashthompson #cloakanddagger (at Banana Cherry Villas) https://www.instagram.com/p/Ce6h8jLIEpn/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#savageavengers #avengers #conan #conanthebarbarian #marvel #comics #marvelcomics #books #comicbooks #bathtimebooks #firstissue #issue1 #1 #1stissue #weaponh #deathlok #blackknight #daredevil #elektra #antivenom #venom #flashthompson #cloakanddagger