I don’t know who needs to hear this, but Tolkien saying his work wasn’t allegory did not make LotR immune from being a reflection of his experiences, especially with WWI, and strong parallels between the emotional journeys of his characters in war and the emotional experience of Tolkien’s generation didn’t happen by accident, and we don’t have to pretend they did.
Tolkien didn’t even pretend they did. He talked about how the dead marshes were designed in direct reflection of no man’s land after the rain, craters in the earth from shells filled with rain water, nothing living but the potential of fallen soldiers staring back from any of the pools.
It is also true to say that the War of the Ring isn’t an allegory for WWI. A war being an allegory for war is… kind of a weak allegory. What we’re looking at is someone using their own experience with the horrors of war to make the internal worlds of his characters experiencing the horrors of war feel more real. Lobelia Sackville-Baggins isn’t an allegory for obnoxious relations, but I guarantee her character was not birthed pure from Tolkien’s imagination without him having met people like her in the same English countryside environment that inspired the Shire.
People keep bringing up ‘Tolkien doesn’t do allegory therefore your argument is invalid’ on my post about how the experience of the hobbits in LotR speaks to the experience of young men of Tolkien’s generation being shipped off to fight in WWI. Specifically, the fact that a shiny glorified version of war was sold to them previous to leaving.
And I’m also not saying Bilbo is equivalent to the war propaganda in early 1900’s Britain, I love Bilbo, I love his stories of adventure, I do not think he was trying to mislead the youth of the Shire, ok? That’s not the point here.
But isn’t it interesting how much the Hobbits talk about their adventure vs Bilbo’s adventure, and the fact that nothing is like they thought it would be, while Bilbo is also proven to be an unreliable (though still heroic, well meaning and sympathetic) narrator of the events of The Hobbit? This discrepancy between what the hobbits (especially Frodo) thought adventure would mean based on the stories of their elders and what it actually meant? And how that feeling of disillusionment was also an enormous part of WWI, and WWI vet JRR Tolkien’s generation’s experience of war?
Tolkien saying LotR wasn’t allegorical does NOT mean the character’s disillusionment in the book and the people’s disillusionment in history don’t speak to each other.
That’s not allegory, it’s parallels, it’s commentary on how war works in the context of an in universe war, it’s writing what you know.
He absolutely uses allegory all over the place in his books though and he is a dirty lier when he says he isn’t, you can come for me for saying THAT now if you want, but first let me tell you what in LotR isn’t an allegory and why I think Tolkien hated the idea so much:
The Ring is not the Atomic Bomb.
If I were Tolkien, and I wrote this story in which there was a big evil weapon that could destroy the world, much of which was written before 1945 when the Atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but it came out and became popular soon after those events and also during the Cold War and related nuclear arms race, I too would start telling people nothing I had written had any relationship with any events that had happened in real life ever.
To be clear ‘the Ring is the A-bomb’ is a completely tepid take. It only makes sense on the very shallowest level, and if you proceed with reading the books with the assumption that this is the intended take-away, you are going to be extremely confused at what the message about the atomic bomb even is.
The goal of the books is to drop ‘the bomb’ into the lava which ends the highly destructive war by breaking the spirit of the enemy (literally and figuratively, the literal spirit Sauron, and also once the will of Sauron is gone most of his troops, being slaves, flee). So the atomic bomb is good and should have been dropped!
… but the weapon that could destroy the world should never be used by anyone, to use it would make them evil themselves, and just as bad as the enemy, so the Atomic bomb is bad? And should not have been dropped?
Normal people change the course of wars! Wait, with atomic bombs? By not using atomic bombs? The bad guy is the one who made the atomic bomb, but the good guys have the atomic bomb, also there is only one atomic bomb and no chance of another atomic bomb, so that really captures the zeitgeist of the 50’s for sure.
But the world is understandably obsessed with the subject after the way WWII ended, so this comparison was absolutely inescapable in Tolkien’s book about the big scary weapon in the big scary war.
And even if the allegory were clear and consistent, it completely EVISCERATES everything else that Tolkien super cared about expressing with his work with the blunt force of a really really polarizing real life political agenda.
Tolkien cared SO MUCH about language, and the interactions of these fantasy races, and the enormity of history and mythology and our place in it, impermanence, hope in the face of despair, mortality, poetry, geography, what it means to be noble, what it means to heal, friendship, awe, a whole world. All that stuff he is remembered for, and the reason he is credited with creating a genre. He spent his whole life building and peopling this complicated world, and he didn’t want people to look at it and reduce it to a single real life issue that he didn’t even write in on purpose. He wanted his world and everything he put into it to be an escape that felt true, not a thin veil stretched over a hot-button issue.
Which I get, but I think his saying he didn’t intend there to be any allegory was just way simpler than saying “I put in tons of allegory, but you are picking up all the wrong ones.”
Like, come here and tell me Saruman and Isengard aren’t allegorical to the forces of industrialization in our world. Say it to my face. The trees literally take their revenge on them, COME ON.
Abstract concepts are even more liberally used for allegory, or tell me the Ring isn’t an allegory for Power that Corrupts.
Tolkien even says in the letter to his editor Milton Waldman (which was put by Christopher Tolkien as a sort of forward to the Silmarillion) that the type of allegory he dislikes is “intentional allegory.” Which is to say he dislikes obvious thinly veiled allegory which relates one to one with reality.
He kind of ignores the existence of moral allegory, which is indisputably a part of his books, which to remind ya’ll, are about fighting an ultimate evil and finding a part of it will always live inside yourself.
Listen, the man is not alive, I can never have this conversation to confirm, but I know in my soul he was mad at people calling his books allegory cause he invested so much in the literal world building and didn’t want people to sweep that all aside looking for what deep message he was trying to send about life by creating eighteen dialects of elvish.
He just wanted to make a cool language and for his literature friends to not blow past his cool language as window dressing. It’s not just window dressing, it’s a vital part of his world. But there is also a ton of allegory in his story. There is a ton of symbolism in his story, and he didn’t have a problem with that word, even though allegory is basically symbolism applied to narrative. He would have called what I am referring to as allegory “applicability.”
But ultimately it’s a big story, it fits a lot of things, and it is not going against his authorial wishes to read into it, and even if it was, stop limiting your experience of art by authorial intent. I think authorial intent is interesting, and it’s a fun angle to consider, thus why I try to imagine what allegory pissed off Tolkien the most in this post, but it is not everything and shouldn’t limit you.
For example, I don’t care what Tolkien thought, pipeweed is in fact marijuana, cause it makes me chuckle to think of hobbits stoned out of their minds.
TLDR: People who keep telling me to stop reading “allegory” into Tolkien’s work: you keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.
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Maybe killing the author should be the next mainstream praxis. It's not a perfect concept, there are things like accountability that are trickier to fit into it, but tricky doesn't mean impossible.
Only recently "fuck the authorial intent" was a very common sentiment, now it's not mainstream anymore.
Yeah, it's cool to have a chance to ask the author "What was the character X doing between 02:00 and 08:00 on that one Saturday night in May 2002?", especially if the author is nice enough to answer, but it's not an author's job.
Author's job is to create stories, mystify, make your imagination work.
It peeves me seeing the author say "Hahaha, guys, kill me already, set yourself free!" only to be met with an avalanche of questions about the colour of the socks of the vicar's wife.
Author's opinion doesn't really matter. You aren't required to know it. You're presented with a text, not with a chat bot.
Taking the word of god as the law puts you into very narrow borders. You have your own mind.
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