#boralverse

[jackhkeynes]

a gest "de facto"

a gest /a ʒɛst/ [ɐˈʝɛst]

de facto, in practice, in fact, regardless of official or legal status;

actually, in fact, used to introduce a contradictory remark

Etymology: a Middle Borlish borrowing from legal Latin ad gestum "de facto", literally "to the deed", along with parallel formation a verb < ad verbum "de jure", literally "to the word". In general contexts it is seen from the sixteenth century.

A gest, aucel son progenies jug dez dragon. /a ʒɛst | oˈdzɛl sɔn ˌpro.ʒeˈnjɛz ʒaj dɛz draˈgɔn/ [ɐˈʝɛst | ʊˈdzɛl sɔn ˌpʀo.ʝɪˈnjɛz ʝaj dɛz dʀɐˈgɔn] at deed | bird be.3p descendant still out.of dinosaurs In fact, birds are descended from dinosaurs.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

Can you give an overview of your conworld and language for new people?

Absolutely! :D

The World

The setting I write in (hereafter "Boralverse") is an alternate history of Earth. The original difference from our own history (hereafter "IRL") is the existence of the island of Borland (Istr Boral) between Great Britain and Denmark, inspired by the IRL existence of Doggerland.

The human pre-classical history of Borland can be summarised as:

With sea level rise about 8k years ago, Borland was cut off from the continent and from Britain (this is when Doggerland was submerged IRL); some Stone Age people remain. They leave some monuments—burial mounds, the Çadrosc labyrinth—and were farmers, but they had no writing or ironworking.

The Celts arrive in Borland shortly before they settle Britain in the second millennium BCE, taking up iron tools and establishing many tribal groups. Due to some later migration from Britain to Borland, they speak a language (Borland Celtic) which is most closely related to Proto-Brythonic.

I assume that as far as possible the history of the rest of the world is indistinguishable from the IRL history up to this point. I continue to do so while the Romans invade and settle Borland shortly after Britain, despite conceding to credulity and allowing a few classical references:

...in Ptolemy's description of the Pritannoi we can understand he referred to the Insular Kelts of Ireland, Britain and Borland as a whole... ...contrasting Hadrian's policies in Britain and in Borland is vital for understanding their different fates in the post-Classical age...

where I admit that the Roman Empire having an entire additional province should probably have some observable effects.

Once the Western Roman Empire collapses, I start properly diverging Boralverse history from IRL history. This begins with a different pattern of Anglo-Saxon migration; the two petty kingdoms of Angland and Southbar arise in western Borland, while the settlement of England proceeds slightly slower than IRL.

Historical divergence spreads through western Europe over the next few centuries, and by 1000 CE things are beginning to go off the rails all across Eurasia and North Africa. I leave the history of the Americas the same until Old World contact (via Basque fishermen stumbling across Newfoundland in 1470 CE), and likewise with Australia.

The map below shows Europe in 1120, during the Second Tetrarchy Period. At this time, Europe was unusually centralised, with four great empires: the First Drengot Empire (red), the German Empire (brown), the Second Roman Empire (purple) and the Single Caliphate (green).

In the modern era, my hope is that the Boralverse world feels fractally uncanny; at every scale something is unexpectedly different, from political borders and languages to fashion and pop culture references.

For clarity, I employ an inconsistent Translation Convention when writing from a Boralverse perspective, mostly using IRL English but peppering in calques of Boralverse English jargon for flavour, such as threshold force "nuclear power" or jalick "garment socially equivalent to a tuxedo".

The Language

The original motivation for this alternate history setting is Borlish (Borallesc), the Romance language spoken on Borland.

It picked up a few Borland Celtic loanwords from the existing population at the time of the conquest (macquar ~ Welsh magu "raise, rear"; vrug ~ Welsh grug "heather"), but was much more influenced through the first millennium by Anglo-Saxon settlement and then Norse conquest during the Viking Age. The following is an example of late Old Borlish (ca. 1240):

…sovravnt il deft nostre saȝntaðesem eð atavalesem n iȝ atrevre golfhavn seȝ hamar dont y verb divin ismetre ac povre paian. peðiv soul ez font istovent por vn nov cliȝs d istroienz istablir… …uphold our most sacred and ancient duty to let Gulfhaven be the centre from which we will send the Word of God to pagan lands. We ask only for the necessary funds for a new teachinghouse…

The Modern Borlish language has undergone spelling standardisation (most recently deprecated some irregular spellings in 1870), and contains many more Latin and Greek loanwords, along with borrowings from languages across the world.

Y stal zajadau dy marcað nogtorn accis par lamp fumer eð y lun fragnt de mar receven cos equal party a domn pescour pevr jarras e fenogl gostant tan eð eç nobr robað n'ornament fluibond ant queldin raut frigsað ne papir cerous. The night market's various stalls lit by smoky lamps and the sea-shattered moon welcomed flocks of fishwives sampling paprika and fennel as well as notables in flowing finery carrying stir-fried suppers in wax papers.

In terms of sound changes and grammatical developments, the major points include:

Intervocalic lenition /p t k b d g/ > /v ð j ∅ ∅ ∅/: catēna > caðen "chain", dēbēre > deïr "must".

The use of ç (and c before e i y) for /ts/, and the use of g in coda to represent /j/. Along with some vowel shifts, this leads to things like cigl /tsajl/ "darling".

Total loss of final consonants in multisyllable words, including -s, which leads to:

Collapse of noun declension, including number; Borlish does not mark number on nouns, and if it wants to it uses demonstratives or simply relies of verb agreement: l'oc scuir pasc, l'ec scuir pascn "this boy eats, these boys eat".

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #writing #moist-duckling

[jackhkeynes]

Markish

Markish is an English language of the German family of languages which evolved on the island of Albion. It is closely related to other English languages like Kentish and Wessern, and is the primary language of the polity of Markland.

Contemporary Markish descends form the Early Markish spoken in Markland, which itself descends from Anglian varieties of Old English.

This article principally describes the acrolect of Markish spoken in and around the capital city of Tommarth.

Examples

A jalicked knave bought a new quistre. /ə ˈdʒa.lɪ.kəd knɛːv bɔft ə nəu ˈkwɪ.stə/ A guy in a tuxedo bought a new phone. Aquifex is the temendest corporal. /ˈa.kwɪˌfɛks ɪz ðe ˈtiː.mən.dəs ˈkoː.pʊ.ɾəl/ Hydrogen is the most abundant element. Do thy breches of and put thysel abed! /duː ðəi ˈbɾiː.tʃəz ɔf ən pʊt ðəiˈsɛl əˈbɛd/ Take off your clothes and get on the bed! By way o'dreend al therin ough, he asked "As swich?" /bəi wəi əˈdɾiː.ən‿dal ðəˈɾɪn uːf | hiː ˈa.skəd | az swɪtʃ/ While doing everything wrong, he asked "Like that?" Psolick tersures may breken wines brewing of. /ˈsɔ.lɪk ˈtɛː.zjəz məi ˈbɾiːkə wəinz ˈbɾəwɪŋg ɔf/ Sulphites can stop wine fermentation.

Phonology

Consonants

The consonant phonemes found in Markish are:

/m n/ /p t tʃ k/ /b d dʒ g/ /f θ s ʃ h/ /v ð z/ /w l ɾ j/

and they are subject to the following orthographic conventions:

b d f h k l m n p t v w z represent their IPA symbols.

j r y represent /dʒ ɾ j/ respectively.

c usually represents /s/ before i e y and /k/ elsewhere.

awice /əˈwəis/ "indeed" < OE ġewiss "certain" coholl /kʊˈhɔl/ "sulfide" < Ar كُحْل "kohl"

g usually represents /g/ but may represent /dʒ/ before i e y.

eagre /ˈeː.gə/ "acid" < L ācer nargill /ˈnaː.dʒɪl/ "coconut" < Ar نَرْجِيل "coconut palm" girl /geːl/ "young person"

q appears almost always in the diagraph qu to represent /kw/.

quoit /kwəit/ "tyre, torus"

s represents /z/ between vowels and word-finally (unless doubled), and /s/ otherwise.

Brasil /bɾəˈzɪl/ "Newfoundland" < Ir Breasail betimes /bɪˈtəimz/ "earlier" surblavick /soːˈblɛː.vɪk/ "ultraviolet" < L blavus "blue"

x represents /gz/ between vowels, and /ks/ otherwise.

oxy /ˈɔg.ziː/ "stubborn" œculux /ˈɛ.kjəˌlʊks/ "EM radiation" < Gr οἶκος "house", L lux "light"

There are several digraphs of letters with -h: ch gh ph sh th wh.

ph sh wh represent /f ʃ f/.

ch usually represents /tʃ/, but sometimes also /k/.

chalk /tʃalk/ "chalk" yacht /jakt/ "cult" < Du jaght "hunting party"

gh usually represents either /ʃ/ (following i) or /f/ (following u).

wight /wɪʃt/ "person" < OE wiht "thing, creature" ough /uːf/ "bad" < OE wōh "wrong, crooked" NB I'ght /ˈəift/ "I must", contracted from I ought

th usually represents either of /θ ð/, and sometimes /t/.

thrift /θɾɪft/ "energy" < ON þrift "prosperity" yeathre /ˈjeːðə/ "together" < OE geador

There are several situations in which written consonants may be silent.

In certain endings: participle -end /ən/, infinitive -en /ə/, superlative -est /əs/.

discurrend /dɪˈskʊ.ɾən/ "different" < L discurrēns "roaming" chammen /ˈtʃa.mə/ "to chew" (poss. onomatopoetic) tharvest /ˈθaː.vəs/ "least sociable" < OE þeorf "unleavened"

Coda r lengthens the preceding vowel and word-final -re is pronounced /ə/.

interpel /ɪnˈtɛː.pəl/ "interact with" < L interpellō "I disturb" sundre /ˈsʊn.də/ "many" < OE sundor "separately"

Post-tonic -st- immediately before a closed syllable is pronounced /s/.

hirstend /ˈheː.sən/ "extra" < OE hyrstan "to ornament" pistol /ˈpɪ.səl/ "message" < L epistola

Likewise, post-tonic -v- is lost in some common words.

morovre /mʊˈɾoː(ə)/ "as well" evre /ɛː(ə)/ "always"

Vowels

The vowels of (this variety of) Markish are:

/a ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ə/ /aː ɛː eː iː ɔː oː ʉː/ /əi əu/

and they are subject to the following orthographic conventions:

In stressed syllables, "short" a e i~y o u represent /a ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ/.

sam /sam/ "set, collection" < OE samnian "gather" whelp /fɛlp/ "baby animal" quick /kwɪk/ "awake" thon /ðɔn/ "one, someone", contracted from the one bulk /bʊlk/ "cargo"

In unstressed syllables, a e i~y o u instead represent /ə ə~ɪ ɪ ʊ ʊ/—except word-finally, where /ɪ ʊ/ become /iː ə/.

defectend /dɪˈfɛk.tən/ "positively charged" behemoth /bɪˈhiː.mʊθ/ "hippopotamus" costumery /kʊˈstjəu.mə.ɾiː/ "fashion plate"

"Long" a e i~y o u represent /ɛː iː əi uː jəu/.

besake /bɪˈzɛːk/ "because" mete /miːt/ "standard, gauge" < OE metan "measure" ty /təi/ "to join" poke /puːk/ "container" < OFr poque "bag" huge /hjəudʒ/ "huge"

There are plenty of digraphs representing vowels.

Coda -r: ar er ir or ur represent /aː ɛː eː oː oː/.

davarn /dəˈvaːn/ "grand hotel, resort" < W tafarn "inn"

-a: ea oa represent /eː oː/.

roaden /ˈɾoː.də/ "to travel"

-e: ee ie ue represent /iː əi jəu/.

conspue /kʊnˈspjəu/ "to deride" < L cōnspuō "I spit upon"

-i/y: ai ei oi and ay ey oy represent /əi əi~iː əi/.

fain /fəin/ "willing(ly)"

-o: oo represents /uː/.

soon /suːn/ "as soon as"

-u/w: au eu ou and aw ew ow represent /əu əu əu~uː/.

blew /bləu/ "blue" coshow /ˈkɔ.ʃuː/ "rubber" < Quechua kawchu

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #writing

[jackhkeynes]

hau "hi"

hau /ho/ [ho]

hi, hey, hello, an informal greeting;

hey, oi, a way to get somebody's attention

Etymology: in the first sense, a continuation of Middle Borlish hauð! "hello, good day", literally "health". The word hauð "health", now archaic, was borrowed in the Old Borlish period from synonymous hǣlþ in contemporary English. The form and informality of the greeting have been influenced by the second sense, which is probably of onomatopeic origin.

"Hau a toð gent," dis y giðour quaucant. /ho a tɔθ ʒɛnt | dɪz i giˈður kwoˈkant/ [ho a tʊˈʝɛnt | dɪz i gɪˈðʊː kwʊˈkant] hi to all people | say.pst df guide hurry-p.prs "Hi, everyone," said the hurried guide.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

parcorrir "scan"

parcorrir /ˌpar.kɔˈrɪr/ [ˌpɐː.kʊˈʀɪː]

scan, examine, go over, skim, to look at sequentially or from one end to the other;

traverse, cross, to go through;

rehearse, to practise by acting out

Etymology: Middle Borlish borrowing from Latin percurrō "I run through; I look over", modelling on inherited par- "through" and corrir "to run". In the last sense it is attested from the eighteenth century.

Nos erau y fabr parcorrent set hour. /nɔz eˈro i ˈfa.br̩ ˌpar.kɔˈrɛnt sɛt ur/ [ˌno.zɪˈʀo i ˈfa.bɐ ˌpɐː.kʊˈʀɛnt sɛt ʊː] 1p imp-1p df play rehearse-p.prs seven hour We'd been rehearsing for seven hours.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

crochet "biscuit"

crochet /kroˈkɛt/ [kʀʊˈkɛt]

biscuit, cracker, cookie, wafer, a small flat baked good which is hard and crisp;

puck, disc, discus, a hard squat cylindrical object especially as used in sports

Etymology: Middle Borlish diminutive from croccar "to crack", a dialect variant (related to synonymous modern coroccar) which is presumably of onomatopoeic origin. Extended to other similarly-shaped objects from the nineteenth century.

My gramma sorteu un boist plen de crochet. /mi graˈma sɔrˈtaw ɪn bɔist plɛn de kroˈkɛt/ [mi gʀɐˈma sʊːˈtaw ɪm bɔist plɛn de kʀʊˈkɛt] 1s.gn gran go.out-pst indf box full of biscuit My gran brought out a full tin of biscuits.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #using a dialect form to justify the funny IRL false friend woo

[jackhkeynes]

souvolar "sweep"

souvolar /ˌsu.voˈlar/ [ˌsu.vʊˈlɐː]

sweep, be swept, to be caused to rise up into the air from the ground (as of the clothing of a person spinning, or of dust);

glide, to move through the air gracefully and unpropelled;

go along with something, play along, to cooperate in continuing something by passively allowing it;

(in a performative context) yes-and, commit to the bit, take things in stride, go with the flow, stay in character

Etymology: borrowing from Latin subvolō "I fly upwards from below", adapted to existing sou- "under" and volar "fly". In metaphorical use the word is attested from the eighteenth century; in a theatrical context it is seen from 1888, originally in use by a specific school of acting in Axbane.

Y rimband ag fruyour souvolaurn apar. /i rɪmˈband ɛj fraˈjur ˌsu.voˈlorn̩ aˈpar/ [i ʀɪmˈband ɛj fʀɐʝʊː ˌsu.vʊˈloːn ɐˈpɐː] df ribbon at.df dancer sweep-pst-3p through The dancer's ribbons swept through the air.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

American History Quiz

from the 1930 book Prove your Knowledge!, a part of the series Games for Sorties and Excourses. This was a collection of casual party games compiled and published by Merch couple Anna and Ralph Highwater through the Royal Tommarth Castinghouse.

History XI: The Novomund (answers on sheet 236)

Which emperor of Tavancy [~the Inca], whose 61-year reign from 1599 until 1660 is the longest of any monarch in Cappatian history, is suspected to have been assasinated by Morrack [Morrocan] agents in order to be able to increase the volume and decrease the price of silver exports?

For whom were the Sturgovan [Appalachian] Mountains named?

With which Mendevan people did the nascent polity of New Provence principally trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

In what year was the Steeplepost Tapestry in the Ambrosian city of Aiga d'Angoixa [~Quebec City] erected, the first device capable of displaying an image communicated via the steeplemesh?

What astronomical event inspired the naming of the major Mashick city of Moshtar [~San Francisco] in 1780?

What property of matter was discovered by the Cappatian city of Varonøw [~Vitória, ES]'s Nÿstad Atellier in 1902?

Which was the first of the staddomains [colonial tradeposts] along the eastern Cappatian coast to be established, with an official chronicle dating to 1561?

A predecessor to the Lineball Global Tourney, what was the name of the international lineball competition first held in Awasúconda [~Paraná] in 1909 between twenty teams?

Which was the only Novomundine polity to have a delegation present at the signing of the Laic Declarations in Belgrade?

What was the name of the first Chinese ship to alight in the Novomund?

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #writing

[jackhkeynes]

Tommarth

Tommarth (Merch /ˈtɔ.məθ/) [~Tamworth] is the capital and largest city of Markland [~the Midlands; Mercia]. It had a population of over 5 million people by the year 2010. The dialect of Merch spoken by many in Tommarth is widely considered a standard to emulate.

The area was settled by the Angles in the sixth century; by the ninth it had become the primary city of the nascent Merch Kingdom. It was fortified significantly over the next centuries in defence against the Welsh to the west and then against the Danes to the east.

By the modern day Tommarth had an extensive underground rail system known locally as the Dusker, with stops including Kibbrough and Cathedral.

Toponymy

The city takes its name from the Tome river [River Tame] on which it stands. Formerly (before the modern spelling reform) spelt Tomwarth, the local area was known in Old English as Tomworðig "enclosure, field by the Tome."

Institutions

D'Aumesty Tellard Guild (fl. 1849), organisation of cartographers

Lady Maud Orchestra (fl. 1976), professional group of musicians receiving public funding

Royal Tommarth Castinghouse (fl. 1930), publisher of nonfiction which once held great cachet but latterly of no particular merit

Tommarth Open School of History (fl. 1997), known for publishing reference works

Tommarth University (fl. 1976), oldest institution of higher education in the city

People

Laurent Burnows (fl. 2010), author of children's fiction including beloved series Back to Front

Anna Highwater (fl. 1930), nonfiction author collaborating with her husband

Ralph Highwater (fl. 1930), nonfiction author collaborating with his wife

Morency Rivellerson (fl. 1976), clavierman and author of music textbooks

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #writing

[jackhkeynes]

arrhenosarc "androphilic"

arrhenosarc /aˌre.noˈzark/ [ɐˈʀe.nʊˈzɐːk]

androphilic, characterised by (sexual or romantic) desire towards men or aesthetic appreciation of the male form;

(male) homoerotic, suggesting or arousing a homosexual desire between men;

(attributively) beefcake, pertaining to imagery of men presented as sexually desirable

cf. thelusarc "gynophilic, etc."

Etymology: nineteenth century coinage from Ancient Greek, originally used in artistic criticism to discuss current trends in painting and sculpture. The term derives from ἄρρην (árrhēn), Attic variant of ᾰ̓́ρσην (ársēn) "male, masculine", as well as σάρξ (sárx) "flesh, lust". Both gendered forms appear to have been coined at roughly the same time.

Gevou bro, tu's l'oc duel renent un pog arrhenosarc. /geˈvu bro | tɪz lɔk djɛl ˈre.nɛnt ɪn pɔj aˌre.noˈzark/ [gɪˈvu bʀo | tɪz lɔ djɛl ˈʀe.nɐn‿tɪm pɔj ɐˌʀe.nʊˈzɐːk] watch.out dude | 2s-be df=s.px duel make-p.prs indf bit androphilic Heads up dude, you're making this duel a bit homoerotic.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

compleis "player"

compleis /kɔmˈpliz/ [kʊmˈpliz]

player, contestant, someone involved in a sport or game;

participant, someone taking part in any activity

Etymology: Middle Borlish, past participle of now-obsolete compleitr "to involve, to require the participation of" (compare extant se pleitr "to involve onself, participate"). This descends from Latin complector "I encircle, involve, include".

Y compleis spartessem courn gajan tars. /i kɔmˈpliz sparˈtɛ.sɛm ku.rn̩ gaˈʒan tarz/ [i kʊmˈpliz spɐːˈtɛ.sɐm kʊːn gɐˈʝan tɐːz] df player skilled-cmp get.pst-3p win clean The better contestants won decidedly.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

Lexember 2023 - 4: grindr "score"

grindr /ˈgrɪn.dr̩/ [ˈgʀɪn.dɐ]

judge, rate, rank, evaluate, to estimate the worth of;

score, grade, mark, to indicate the correctness of and give a score to (an exam, etc.);

deliberate, decide between, mull over, weigh, to consider pros and cons in the course of making a decision;

(slang) date, be dating, to go out and perhaps sleep with multiple people in turn often as a precursor to commencing a steady relationship

Etymology: from Old Borlish grindre, greindr "sift, separate, allocate, rank", which reflects a Vulgar Latin form *grēniō, grēnere "I sift, sieve, distinguish between". Despite the formal differences, by the semantics we can deduce that this is an altered form of Classical Latin cernō "I sift (etc.)" modelled on the perfect stem (cf. crēvī "I sifted", crētus "sifted, separated"). The initial voicing is sporadic, but shared with related noun grivr < cribrum "sieve".

Alcheðr my paðr ençau a grindr n'Avril. /alˈkɛ.ðr̩ mi ˈpa.ðr̩ ɛnˈtso a ˈgrɪn.dr̩ naˈvrɪl/ [ɐˈgɛ.ðɐ mi ˈpað‿ʀɪnˈdzo a ˈgʀɪn.dɐ nɐˈvʀɪl] anew 1s.gn father start-pst at date-inf in=April My dad's been dating again since April.

#lexember #lexember 2023 #conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

plouç "screen"

plouç /pluts/ [pluts]

screen, windbreak, a moveable (often folding) barrier;

disguise, camouflage, guise, concealment, anything that serves to hide something from view;

front, cover, façade, the public-facing version of something concealed for personal or legal reasons;

act, persona, show, an intentional and false impression of oneself

Etymology: originally restricted to the first sense, a direct descendant (or via Old French, but the cognate plouce "shutter" is unattested before the twelfth century, and may instead be from Borlish) of Latin pluteus "railing; screen; bookcase". Metaphorical extension to other forms of concealment is attested from the Middle Borlish poetry of Kigman in the fifteenth century.

Jo sceu y moment veir de ty plouç souvr. /ʒo xaw i moˈmɛnt vir de ti pluts ˈsu.vr̩/ [ʝo xaw i mʊˈmɛnt ˈvɪ.jɐ de ti pluts ˈsu.vɐ] 1s can.pst df moment see-inf of 2s.gen screen let.go-inf I caught the moment you dropped the act.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

yela "ciao"

yela /jeˈla/ [jɪˈla]

bye, ciao, an informal formula used by a speaker who is leaving;

(archaic) goodbye, farewell, used also in formal contexts;

(sometimes proscribed) hello, hi, used also as an informal greeting

Etymology: via Middle Borlish yelað "farewell, goodbye" from Old Borlish vos ielað "may you fare well, be strong, abide, endure, persevere". This is a conjugated form of ieleir "abide, persist, persevere" (the would-be reflex yelir is obsolete by the fourteenth century), which is thought to reflect Latin haereō "I cling, adhere, remain fixed". As a greeting the word is attested from the early twentieth century.

I dis "Yela!" pre bouð souvr. /i dɪz jeˈla pre buθ ˈsu.vr̩/ [i dɪz jɪˈla pʀe buh ˈsu.bɐ] 3s say.pst bye before call let.go-inf He said "Bye!" then hung up.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

hortaminar "urge"

hortaminar /hɔrˌta.miˈnar/ [hʊːˌta.mɪˈnɐː]

encourage, exhort, incite, urge, press, to earnestly advise that someone should do something;

implore, beseech, entreat, supplicate, prevail upon, to earnestly plead for something

Etymology: from Scholastic Latin hortāminō "I exhort, urge", a non-classical verbal derivation of hortāmen "incitement, encouragement". This comes from deponent verb hortor "I encourage". Originally in legal use, but seen in general contexts since the seventeenth century.

Jo luy hortaminau acceir all'empley. /ʒo laj hɔrˌta.miˈno akˈsir ˌa.lɛmˈpli/ [ʝo laj hʊːˌta.mɪˈno ɐkˈsɪː‿ˌʀa.lɪmˈpli] 1s 3s.obl urge-pst assent-inf to-df=job I urged him to accept the job.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld

[jackhkeynes]

hopr "tool"

hopr /ˈhɔ.pr̩/ [hɔ.pɐ]

tool, implement, instrument, device, a self-contained piece of equipment for performing a task;

gear, equipment, gadgetry, a collection of tools;

(nautical) tackle, the collection of ropes on a ship for lifting and pulling things;

toy, plaything, something (often for a child) to play with;

laughing stock, butt, someone who is the object of ridicule;

(slang) gun, switchblade, any personal handheld weapon especially when illegally obtained;

(slang) dick, cock, someone's (most commonly one's own) penis

Etymology: from Middle Borlish hopr "tool, instrument; equipment, gear", from synonymous hople in Old Borlish. This is a borrowing via Old French from Medieval Latin hopla "gear, equipment; tackle", from Greek ὅπλᾰ • (hópla) "tackle; weaponry". Used for children's toys from the sixteenth century, for laughable people since the eighteenth, and in the last senses from the twentieth.

L'a heu allagherrem an ivan ayent hopr receut. /la haw ˌa.lɛjˈɛ.rɛm an iˈvan ɛjˈɛnt ˈhɔ.pr̩ reˈdzawt/ [la haw ˌaˈljɛ.ʀɐm an ɪˈvan ɪˈʝɛnt ˈhɔ.pɐ ʀɪˈdzawt] 3s=have look happy-cmp at-indf child have-p.prs toy get-p.pst He looked happier than a kid with new toys.

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #fun fact it's related to 'hoplite'