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todayclassical · 7 years

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March 03 in Music History

1663 Birth of composer Nicholas Siret.

1671 FP of Cambert's opera Pomone at the Paris Opera.

1706 Death of German composer Johann Pachelbel in Nuremberg, Germany. 1766 Death of Vienna director of music, Kapellmeister, Gregor Werner leads to Franz Joseph Haydn's promotion to the position. Haydn was elevated to full Kapellmeister.

1767 Death of Italian composer Nicola Porpora.

1786 Birth of French pianist Marie Bigot de Morouges. 1793 FP of F. J. Haydn's Symphony No. 101 The Clock. Haydn conducting at the Hanover-Square Concert Rooms in London.

1802 Birth of tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Montpellier.

1802 Publication of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata in C#. 1824 Death of Italian composer and violin virtuoso Giovanni Battista Viotti at age 68, in London.

1842 FP of Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 3, Scotch at Gewandhaus in Leipzig.

1845 Birth of baritone Bogomir Korsov in St Petersburg.

1853 FP of revision of Robert Schumann's Symphony No. 4. Düsseldorf Municipal Orchestra, composer conducting by the composer.

1854 Death of tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini in Bergamo.

1857 Birth of French opera composer Alfred Bruneau in Paris.

1867 Birth of German-American composer Gustav Strube.

1868 Birth of tenor Kurt Sommer in Altenglottern.

1869 Birth of English conductor Sir Henry Wood in London.

1870 FP of Brahms Alto Rhapsody. Naumann conducting, Pauline Viardot-Garcia, soloist, in Jena.

1872 Birth of tenor Louis Treumann in Vienna. 1872 Birth of soprano Freida Felser in Munich.

1874 Birth of mezzo-soprano Ada Crossley in Tarraville, Australia.

1875 FP of Bizet's opera Carmen, at the Opera Comique, in Paris.

1882 Birth of bass Pavel Ludikar in Prague.

1886 Birth of Scottish composer James Friskin in Glasgow.

1889 Death of English composer and pianist Sydney Smith in London.

1891 Birth of Spanish composer Federico Moreno Torroba in Madrid.

1895 Birth of Dutch composer Alexander Nicolaas Voormolen in Rotterdam.

1899 Birth of Peruvian composer Pablo Chavez Aguilar in Lima.

1899 FP of R. Strauss Ein Heldenleben, Strauss conducting in Frankfort.

1903 Birth of soprano Margarete Teschemacher in Cologne.

1904 Birth of American composer Karl Ahrendt in Toledo, OH.

1913 Birth of African-American composer Margaret Bonds.

1918 Birth of American composer Frank Wigglesworth in Boston. 1918 FP of Bela Bartók's String Quartet No. 2, Op. 17. Waldbauer Quartet in Budapest.

1921 Birth of bass Miloslav Changalovich in Glamoc, Yugoslavia.

1922 FP in US of concert version of Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring Leopold Stokowski conducting The Philadelphia Orchestra.

1925 Death of English composer Felix Henry Albert Godin.

1926 Death of mezzo-soprano Eugenia Mantelli.

1929 Birth of tenor Robert Nagy in Lorain, Ohio.

1932 Death of British-born German composer and pianist Eugène d'Albert.

1933 Death of bass Robert Radford.

1934 Death of English composer and conductor Norman O´Neill in London.

1935 Final concert by Feodor Chaliapin, in NYC. 1937 Birth of American composer David W. Maves in Salem, Oregon.

1938 Birth of soprano Rachel Yakar in Lyons.

1940 Birth of soprano Nellie Morpurgo, in Amsterdam.

1940 Birth of mezzo-soprano Florence Quivar in Philadelphia.

1941 Birth of Russian composer Vladislav Shoot in Vosnessensk.

1944 Birth of American composer Lee Holdridge in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

1945 Death of soprano Blanche Arral.

1949 Birth of American soprano Roberta Alexander in Lynchberg, VA.

1951 FP of Otto Luening's Kentucky Concerto. Louisville Orchestra, with the composer conducting.

1954 Birth of Ecuadorian composer Arturo Rodas in Quito.

1959 FP of Henry Cowell's Symphony No. 13 Madras in Madras, India.

1963 FP of G. C. Menotti's television opera Labyrinth on the NBC network.

1979 Death of soprano Kathe Heidersbach.

1992 FP of Michael Torke's Chalk for string quartet. Balanescu Quartet at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester, England.

1988 Death of Polish-Mexican composer and violinist Henryk Szeryng.

2002 FP of Steven Honigsberg's A Lament for solo cello at the U.S. Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C.

2003 Death of Italian composer Goffredo Petrassi in Rome.

2005 FP of "Suite from Incidental Music to The Tempest", composed by Jean Sibelius and arranged by Ochsner, SONOS Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Erik Ochsner at Church of the Holy Trinity, NYC.

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yourjuhyunghan · 6 years

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Les XX and music Conservatoire de Paris Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (French, 1851–1931) Poème des rivages (1919-21) on Kant sublime and Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890)

Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (French: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ dɛ̃di]; 27 March 1851 – 2 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher.

Vincent d'Indy, ca. 1895 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_d%27Indy#/media/File:D%27Indi_Vincent_Postcard-1910.jpg

Life[edit]

Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy was born in Paris into an aristocratic family of royalist and Catholic persuasion. He had piano lessons from an early age from his paternal grandmother, who passed him on to Antoine François Marmontel and Louis Diémer.[1] From the age of 14 he studied harmony with Albert Lavignac. At age 19, during the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the National Guard, but returned to musical life as soon as the hostilities were over. The first of his works he heard performed was a Symphonie italienne, at an orchestral rehearsal under Jules Pasdeloup; the work was admired by Georges Bizet and Jules Massenet, with whom he had already become acquainted.[1] On the advice of Henri Duparc, he became a devoted student of César Franck at the Conservatoire de Paris. As a follower of Franck, d'Indy came to admire what he considered the standards of German symphonism.

Vincent d'Indy, sculpture by Antoine Bourdelle In the summer of 1873 he visited Germany, where he met Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms.[1] On 25 January 1874 his overture Les Piccolomini was performed at a Pasdeloup concert, sandwiched between works by Bach and Beethoven.[1] Around this time he married Isabelle de Pampelonne, one of his cousins. In 1875 his symphony dedicated to János Hunyadi was performed. That same year he played a minor role – the prompter – at the premiere of Bizet's opera Carmen.[1] In 1876 he was present at the first production of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle at Bayreuth. This made a great impression on him and he became a fervent Wagnerite. In 1878 d'Indy's symphonic ballad La Forêt enchantée was performed. In 1882 he heard Wagner's Parsifal. In 1883 his choral work Le Chant de la cloche appeared. In 1884 his symphonic poem Saugefleurie was premiered. His piano suite ("symphonic poem for piano") called Poème des montagnes came from around this time. In 1887 appeared his Suite in D for trumpet, 2 flutes and string quartet. That same year he was involved in Lamoureux's production of Wagner's Lohengrin as choirmaster. His music drama Fervaal occupied him between 1889 and 1895.

Inspired by his own studies with Franck and dissatisfied with the standard of teaching at the Conservatoire de Paris, d'Indy, together with Charles Bordes and Alexandre Guilmant, founded the Schola Cantorum de Paris in 1894. D'Indy taught there and later at the Paris Conservatoire until his death. Among his many students were Isaac Albéniz, Leo Arnaud, Joseph Canteloube (who later wrote d'Indy's biography), Pierre Capdevielle, Jean Daetwyler, Arthur Honegger, Eugène Lapierre, Leevi Madetoja, Albéric Magnard, Rodolphe Mathieu, Darius Milhaud, Helena Munktell, Cole Porter, Albert Roussel, Erik Satie, Georges-Émile Tanguay, Otto Albert Tichý, Emiliana de Zubeldia and Xian Xinghai, Ahmet Adnan Saygun. Xian was one of the earliest Chinese composers of western classical music See: List of music students by teacher: C to F#Vincent d'Indy. While A. A. Saygun became one of the pioneers of classical music in Turkey.

Few of d'Indy's works are performed regularly today. His best known pieces are probably the Symphony on a French Mountain Air (Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français, also known as Symphonie cévenole) for piano and orchestra (1886), and Istar (1896), a symphonic poem in the form of a set of variations in which the theme appears only at the end.[1]

Vincent d'Indy in 1913. Among d'Indy's other works are other orchestral music (including a Symphony in B♭, a vast symphonic poem, Jour d'été à la montagne, and another, Souvenirs, written on the death of his first wife; he later remarried), chamber music, including two of the most highly regarded string quartets of the latter nineteenth century (No. 2 in E major, Op. 45, and No. 3 in D-flat, Op. 96), piano music (including a Sonata in E minor), songs and a number of operas, including Fervaal (1897) and L'Étranger (1902). His music drama Le Légende de Saint Christophe, based on themes from Gregorian chant, was performed for the first, and possibly last, time, on 6 June 1920. His comédie musicale had its premiere in paris on 10 June 1927. His Lied for cello and orchestra, Op. 19, was recorded by Julian Lloyd Webber and the English Chamber Orchestra conducted by Yan Pascal Tortelier in 1991. As well as Franck, d'Indy's works show the influence of Berlioz and especially of Wagner.

D'Indy helped revive a number of then largely forgotten early works, for example, making his own edition of Claudio Monteverdi's opera L'incoronazione di Poppea.

His musical writings include the co-written three-volume Cours de composition musicale (1903–1905), as well as studies of Franck and Beethoven.

D'Indy died where he was born, in Paris.

Political views[edit]

D'Indy was a committed monarchist, joining the League of la Patrie française during the Dreyfus affair. He was anti-Semitic, but did not extend this bias to his Jewish colleagues.[1]

Critical reaction[edit]

Vincent d'Indy, photo: Library of Congress Opera critic Arthur Elson, writing in 1901, while appreciating d'Indy, prefers another composer.[2]:343–44

Of the younger men, Vincent d'Indy (1851– ) has shown himself abreast of the times, and his Fervaal, with a libretto of "rhythmic prose," is a worthy example of the school of operatic realism and musical complexity. [...] But the most prominent composer for the Paris stage at present is Alfred Bruneau. [...] [I]n Le Réve [sic] (1891), on a libretto from Zola's novel, he began the career that has won him his present position.

In a post-Wagner age under "the artistic domination of Bayreuth," Elson describes two "paths" in contemporary opera, one path being more conservative[2]:350–51

while the other has led to the uttermost regions of modern polyphony and dissonance. [...] Among the more radical group, corresponding to Bruneau, d'Indy and Franck, the most daring work has been done by Richard Strauss.

In Elson's opinion, those following the more conservative path are Cornelius, Goetz, Humperdinck, Goldmark, Saint-Saëns and Massenet.

Legacy[edit]

The private music college École de musique Vincent-d'Indy in Montreal, Canada, is named after the composer, as is the asteroid 11530 d’Indy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_d%27Indy

Symphony on a French Mountain Air, Op. 25 by Vincent D’indy (1886) https://youtu.be/ojHuauK7vlg

Vincent d'Indy Poème des rivages Op.77 (1919-21) Part I https://youtu.be/SnPH-6mim60

Movements/Sections 4 movements Calme et Lumière. Agay (Méditerranée) La joie du bleu profond. Miramar de Mallorca (Méditerranée) Horizons verts. Falconara (Adriatique) Le mystère de l'Océan. La Grande Côte (Golfe de Gascogne) http://imslp.org/wiki/Poème_des_rivages%2C_Op.77_(Indy%2C_Vincent_d%27)

The Conservatoire de Paris (pronounced [kɔ̃.sɛʁ.va.twaʁ də pa.ʁi]; English: Paris Conservatory) is a college of music and dance founded in 1795 associated with PSL Research University. It is situated in the avenue Jean Jaurès in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Conservatoire offers instruction in music, dance, and drama, drawing on the traditions of the "French School".

In 1946 it was split in two, one part for acting, theatre and drama, known as the Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD), and the other for music and dance, known as the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris (CNSMDP). Today the conservatories operate under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Communication.

Franco-Prussian War and the Third Republic[edit] In the Franco-Prussian War, during the siege of Paris (September 1870 – January 1871), the Conservatory was used as a hospital. On 13 May 1871, the day after Auber's death, the leaders of the Paris Commune appointed Francisco Salvador-Daniel as the director - however Daniel was shot and killed ten days later by the troops of the French Army. He was replaced by Ambroise Thomas, who remained in the post until 1896. Thomas's rather conservative directorship was vigorously criticized by many of the students, notably Claude Debussy.[2]

Piano class of Charles de Bériot in 1895 with Maurice Ravel on the left During this period César Franck was ostensibly the organ teacher, but was actually giving classes in composition. His classes were attended by several students who were later to become important composers, including Ernest Chausson, Guy Ropartz, Guillaume Lekeu, Charles Bordes, and Vincent d'Indy.[2]

Théodore Dubois succeeded Thomas after the latter's death in 1896. Professors included Charles-Marie Widor, Gabriel Fauré, and Charles Lenepveu for composition, Alexandre Guilmant for organ, Paul Taffanel for flute, and Louis Diémer for piano.[2]

Gabriel Fauré[edit]

Fauré in his office at the Conservatoire, 1918 Lenepveu had been expected to succeed Dubois as director, but after the "Affaire Ravel" in 1905, Ravel's teacher Gabriel Faurébecame director. Le Courier Musical (15 June 1905) wrote: "Gabriel Fauré is an independent thinker: that is to say, there is much we can expect from him, and it is with joy that we welcome his nomination."[14]

Fauré appointed forward-thinking representatives (such as Debussy, Paul Dukas, and André Messager) to the governing council, loosened restrictions on repertoire, and added conducting and music history to the courses of study. Widor's composition students during this period included Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger, and Germaine Tailleferre. Other students included Lili Boulanger and Nadia Boulanger. New to the staff were Alfred Cortot for piano and Eugène Gigout for organ.[2]

The modern era[edit]

The CNSMDP new building at the Cité de la Musique. The Conservatory moved to facilities at 14 rue de Madrid in 1911.[2]

Henri Rabaud succeeded Fauré in 1920 and served until 1941. Notable students were Olivier Messiaen, Jean Langlais, and Jehan Alain. Staff included Dukas and Jean Roger-Ducasse for composition, Marcel Dupré for organ, Marcel Moyse for flute, and Claire Croiza for singing.[2]

Claude Delvincourt was director from 1941 until his tragic death in an automobile accident in 1954. Delvincourt was a progressive administrator, adding classes in harpsichord, saxophone, percussion, and the Ondes Martenot. Staff included Milhaud for composition and Messiaen for analysis and aesthetics. In 1946, the dramatic arts were transferred to a separate institution (CNSAD). Delvincourt was succeeded by Dupré in 1954, Raymond Loucheur in 1956, Raymond Gallois-Montbrun in 1962, Marc Bleuse in 1984, and Alain Louvier in 1986. Plans to move the Conservatory of Music and Dance to more modern facilities in the Parc de la Villette were initiated under Bleuse and completed under Louvier. It opened as part of the Cité de la Musique in September 1990.[2]

Currently, the conservatories train more than 1,200 students in structured programs, with 350 professors in nine departments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatoire_de_Paris

Les XX was founded on 28 October 1883 in Brussels and held annual shows there between 1884 and 1893, usually in January–March. The group was founded by 11 artists who were unhappy with the conservative policies of both the official academic Salon and the internal bureaucracy of L'Essor, under a governing committee of twenty members. Unlike L'Essor ('Soaring'), which had also been set up in opposition to the Salon, Les XX had no president or governing committee. Instead Octave Maus (a lawyer who was also an art critic and journalist) acted as the secretary of Les XX, while other duties, including the organization of the annual exhibitions, were dispatched by a rotating committee of three members. A further nine artists were invited to join to bring the group membership of Les XX to twenty; in addition to the exhibits of its Belgian members, foreign artists were also invited to exhibit.[1]

There was a close tie between art, music and literature among the Les XX artists, during the exhibitions, there were literary lectures and discussions, and performances of new classical music, which from 1888 were organised by Vincent d'Indy,[2] with from 1889 until the end in 1893 very frequent performances by the Quatuor Ysaÿe.[3] Concerts included recently composed music by Claude Debussy, Ernest Chausson and Gabriel Fauré. Leading exponents of the Symbolist movement who gave lectures include Stéphane Mallarmé, Théodore de Wyzewa and Paul Verlaine.[1]

https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Les_XX

Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890)

Self-Portrait, 1887, Art Institute of Chicago https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_(454045).jpg

Flowering Plum Orchard (after Hiroshige), 1887. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

The Starry Night, June 1889. Museum of Modern Art, New York https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

The Church at Auvers, 1890. Musée d'Orsay, Paris https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise,_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

Starry Night Over the Rhone, 1888. Musée d'Orsay, Paris https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the Background, 1889. Museum of Modern Art, New York https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg

Wheatfield Under Thunderclouds, 1890, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

Wheatfield with Crows, 1890. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: [ˈvɪnsɛnt ˈʋɪləm vɑn ˈɣɔx] (About this sound listen);[note 1] 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. His suicide at 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty.

Born into an upper-middle-class family, Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious, quiet and thoughtful. As a young man he worked as an art dealer, often travelling, but became depressed after he was transferred to London. He turned to religion, and spent time as a Protestant missionary in southern Belgium. He drifted in ill health and solitude before taking up painting in 1881, having moved back home with his parents. His younger brother Theo supported him financially, and the two kept up a long correspondence by letter. His early works, mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers, contain few signs of the vivid colour that distinguished his later work. In 1886, he moved to Paris, where he met members of the avant-garde, including Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, who were reacting against the Impressionist sensibility. As his work developed he created a new approach to still lifes and local landscapes. His paintings grew brighter in colour as he developed a style that became fully realised during his stay in Arles in the south of France in 1888. During this period he broadened his subject matter to include series of olive trees, wheat fields and sunflowers.

Van Gogh suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor, when in a rage, he severed part of his own left ear. He spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came under the care of the homoeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression continued and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a revolver. He died from his injuries two days later.

Van Gogh was unsuccessful during his lifetime, and was considered a madman and a failure. He became famous after his suicide, and exists in the public imagination as the quintessential misunderstood genius, the artist "where discourses on madness and creativity converge".[6] His reputation began to grow in the early 20th century as elements of his painting style came to be incorporated by the Fauves and German Expressionists. He attained widespread critical, commercial and popular success over the ensuing decades, and is remembered as an important but tragic painter, whose troubled personality typifies the romantic ideal of the tortured artist.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh

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