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foxes-that-run · 3 months

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Wonderland

Wonderland is a song about a love that feels so enticing it draws her in against her judgment. Taylor uses Lewis Carroll's Wonderland as a metaphor for love with a famous person and they try to hold on the chaos that ensues from going public. Get a cup of tea, this is long. I feel the lyrics, meaning and context of this song are overlooked because Taylor had a friend who likes the classic novel.

22 March 2011 - Taylor visited an Alice and Wonderland themed store on Portobello Road, London. (2011 timeline)

5 November 2012 - One Direction is on the cover of Wonderland Magazine holding puppies. The article talks about a book deal from a fanfic about Harry, death threats to girlfriends, abuse of their mothers, relationships breaking down due to abuse by fans and absolute ferver about them at that time. It includes the quotes:

"Anyone is welcome to stare into the eyes of Madness" and "The boys show a similar stubbornness when I suggest, perhaps, if they were a little less public about their girlfriends (boybands like Take That, for example, were always encouraged by management to be perennially single in public), then maybe their partners would not have to endure so much attention. “That’s shit,” says Louis. “That means you don’t lead a life that’s real. You wouldn’t be able to go out anywhere publicly with your girlfriend.”

2 December 2012 - a month after the article Harry and Taylor walked in Central Park. They had been on/off in private for months at that point and seemingly together for the last 4 months.

17 November 2014 - Taylor is on the cover of Wonderland Magazine, she talks about 1989 and Twitter Trolls.

In 2015 Taylor indicated that all the songs of romance songs on 1989 were about on person. While Taylor has never said who that person is songs like Style hint. Thank you @cntfightmydemonsthyknowhowtoswim for the shopping photo and timeline help! In her March 15 2013 vanity fair article (the one that said harry chased her for a year before they dated and also pointed mentions she was born in 1989) Taylor said:

Lyric Video

References the book, Harry's eye's and the 1D Wonderland article:

"Anyone is welcome to stare into the eyes of the madness."

Live Performances

Taylor has only performed it 6 times, each has a reason. When 1989 was release Harry’s IG went black and white and stayed that way for nearly 2 years. He posted a colour photo within a week of each Time this song was played.

May 15, 2015, Las Vegas Rock in Rio, first played. After performing Tenerife Sea with Ed Sheeran. This first performance was 2 days before the 2015 BBMAs when Taylor knew she would be seeing Harry. (Harry colour IG post)

May 20, 2015, Bossier City Louisiana (1989 Tour), on Harry and Taylors anniversary. It was followed by the Clean Speech she referred to the 2015 BBMAs 3 days earlier and 'where you should be' which Harry later referenced in Woman. (Harry colour IG post)

June 6, 2015, Pittsburgh (1989 Tour) - the day after the One Direction Hiatus story first broke. (Harry colour IG post).

June 20, 2015, Cologne, Germany (1989 Tour). Day of Taylors letter to Apple and 1989 not to be on Apple music. (Harry colour IG post)

September 29, 2018, Houston (Reputation Tour) - day after Haylor anniversary of Begin Again Paris weekend

April 21, 2023, Houston on (Eras Tour) Taylor introduced it and said it has a"twisted kind of Alice and Wonderland vibe" day before Peace Ring Anniversary

Original Lyrics

Along with 1989 TV Taylor released the original Wonderland Lyrics 27 October 2023. They are undated. I think it may have been started in 2011 when Taylor was in London and finished for 1989. The original Lyrics further indicate this song is about Harry:

"We danced down hallways, too in love to think straight" rather than" became "So, we went on our way / Too in love to think straight" Hallway's being common theme in Harry and Taylors songs about each other.

"Screaming you're the king and I'm the queen," rather than "All alone, or so it seemed." King/Queen is a common reference Taylor has used to indicate the muse is British. This is also on 1989 in Blank Space: "Stolen kisses, pretty lies, you’re the king, baby, I’m your queen"

"Colors I'd never seen twisting around me" became "I felt your arms twistin' around me." Colours are also a Haylor theme, on 1989 with OOTW: "The rest of the world was black and white / But we were in screaming color.”

"Didn't I tell you don't listen to them?" to "Didn't they tell us don't rush into things?" this reminds me of Slut! "I said it might blow up in your pretty face / I'm not saying do it anyway / But you're going to" because they went public and it did blow up.

"I turned around to find you and you were nowhere to be found / There was screaming and lightning / And I haven't been back since I had to leave you there..." became "I reached for you, but you were gone / I knew I had to go back home / You searched the world for somethin' else." this is similar to I Knew You Were Trouble: "And he’s long gone when he’s next to me", This Love: "And you were just gone and gone, gone and gone" and Blank Space: "Screaming, crying, perfect storms, I can make all the tables turn".

Lyrics

[Verse 1] Flashing lights And we took a wrong turn And we fell down a rabbit hole You held on tight to me 'Cause nothing's as it seems And spinning out of control

The first verse sets the scene of a relationship that is in the public eye and two people trying to hold onto their love in chaos. Specifically not a hidden relationship.

Flashing lights - It's easy to overlook how very out of control the fans and paparazzi were about Haylor and One Direction in 2011 - 2013. Having dated in secret for sometime when they did go public the focus was intense. When they dated again it was hidden, which is evident in both of their discographies.

I Know Places: Lights flash and we’ll run for the fences

Is It Over Now?: Flashing lights, oh Lord, let’s fast forward to three hundred takeout coffees later

Paris: Let the only flashing lights be the tower at midnight in my mind

One Directions Perfect "And if you like cameras flashing every time we go out oh yeah"

Fell down a Rabbit Hole is similar to IWYW "We're a crooked love in a straight line down"

Trying to hold onto each other in chaos is also in:

Run: "Say you’ll never let them tear us apart and I’ll hold onto you while we run"

New Years Day "You squeeze my hand three times in the back of the taxi"

Dancing with our hands tied "Oh, and you held me close Oh, how was I to know?"

The Archer: Help me hold on to you

Harry for One Direction Story of my Life "The way that I been holdin' on too tight"

Harry for One Direction Olivia "Don't let me go"

[Pre-Chorus] Didn't they tell us "Don't rush into things"? Didn't you flash your green eyes at me? Haven't you heard what becomes of curious minds? Ooh, didn't it all seem new and exciting? I felt your arms twistin' around me I should have slept with one eye open at night

The Pre-Chorus tells of a decision to go public with a previously private relationship. At the time Harry and One Direction were incessantly asked invasive questions about dating, which Harry was increasingly uncomfortable answering. Shortly before 1D provided a list of banned questions which was not well received.

Slut! implies that Harry had wanted to go public and Taylor cautioned against it " Taking your chance / It's a big mistake / I said it might blow up in your pretty face / I'm not saying do it anyway / But you're going to / And if they call me a slut / You know it might be worth it for once"

Harry's green eyes are mentioned in many songs.

[Chorus] We found Wonderland, you and I got lost in it And we pretended it could last forever (Eh, eh) We found Wonderland, you and I got lost in it And life was never worse, but never better (Eh, eh)

The Chorus encapsulates this relationship, one they are drawn to, see the peril in and proceed anyway because they love it. Taylor has other lyrics that refer to forever not coming true:

Wildest Dreams: Nothing lasts forever, but this is getting good now

Cowboy Like Me: Forever is the sweetest con

False God: We were crazy to think / Crazy to think that this could work / Remember how I said I'd die for you?

Pretending is also a theme, I think this about suspending judgement to stay in a Lavender Haze, or set aside concerns about the potential reputational damage or bullying caused by fans:

I Knew You Were Trouble: "Pretend he doesn’t know that he’s the reason why your drowning"

Wildest Dreams: "Say you’ll see me again even if it’s just pretend"

Delicate: "Sometimes when I look into your eyes, I pretend you’re mine all the damn time"

Death By A Thousand Cuts: "Chandelier’s still flickering here ‘cause I can’t pretend it’s okay when it’s not"

Paris: "Stumble down pretend alleyways, cheap wine, make believe it’s champagne"

[Post-Chorus] (Eh, eh, eh, eh, eh, eh) In Wonderland x3

The post chorus Eh's sound so similar to Rihanna's "Under my umbrella, ella, ella, eh, eh, eh" which is actually similar in theme, Umbrella is about a famous couple being there for each other, Wonderland is feeling like that didn't happen.

In the period One Direction was incessantly asked for a celebrity crush (while he was actually dating an exceptional famous dream girl) Harry often said Rihanna, if he answered. Rihanna was a safe choice, she wasn't single, she has spoken highly of Harry. Also she sat in front of him at the infamous 2013 VMAs.

[Verse 2] So, we went on our way Too in love to think straight All alone, or so it seemed But there were strangers watchin' And whispers turned to talkin' And talking turned to screams, oh

Fame and focus of people outside the relationship is a theme. I can't repeat enough how much this song is about a public relationship:

Dancing with our hands tied "People started talkin', puttin' us through our paces" and

I know places - "Somethin' happens when everybody finds out / See the vultures circling, dark clouds / Love's a fragile little flame, it could burn out / It could burn out" and "I can hear them whisper as we pass by, It's a bad sign, bad sign"

…Ready For It?: Touch me and you’ll never be alone

So It Goes…: But when you get me alone, it’s so simple

Harry for One Direction Where do Broken Hearts Go: "Mind is runnin' in circles of you and me / Anyone in-between is the enemy"

[Pre-Chorus] Didn't they tell us "Don't rush into things"? Didn't you flash your green eyes at me? Didn't you calm my fears with a Cheshire cat smile? Ooh, didn't it all seem new and exciting? I felt your arms twistin' around me It's all fun and games 'til somebody loses their mind But darling

The reference of a Cheshire Cat smile is a double meaning, both referring to Harry's smile and where he grew up, Cheshire, England. Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland, was also born in Cheshire. Calm my fears similar to the line in NYD “squeeze my hand”

[Bridge] I reached for you, but you were gone I knew I had to go back home You searched the world for somethin' else To make you feel like what we had And in the end, in Wonderland, we both went mad Oh

The song ends on a sad note, Taylor realises the relationship is too much for her so she gives it up. Her muse can't replace her and they never get over it. From Slut! and Say Don't Go in the 1989 Vault Taylor wanted more assurance in the chaotic storm of them going public. From Harry's TBSL and Little Freak we can infer that he wasn't ready for it, 19 and too famous too quickly.

Reached for you but you were gone

Message In A Bottle: I’m reaching for you, terrified

I Knew You Were Trouble: And he’s long gone when he’s next to me

I Know Places: Just grab my hand and don’t ever drop it

New Romantics: Please take my hand and please take me dancing

Willow: I’m begging for you to take my hand, wreck my plans, that’s my man

Harry's As it was: I want you to hold out the palm of your hand / Why don't we leave it at that?

You searched the world for something else

Is it over now? "You search in every model's bed for somethin' greater, baby"

Harry's As it was: When everything gets in the way / Seems you cannot be replaced / And I'm the one who will stay, oh

We both went mad: the song ends on 'we both went mad' which is a double meaning of having lost themselves in this relationship and the Cheshire Cat saying "we're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad." in Alice in Wonderland. Madness is a theme in Harry and Taylors songs about each other:

Blank Space "Magic, madness, heaven, sin" and "They'll tell you I'm insane"

Say Don’t Go: "The waiting is a sadness fading into madness"

IDWLF "Baby, baby, I feel crazy Up all night, all night and every day"

Hit's Different "Or have they come to take me away? To take me away"

Harry for One Direction If I could Fly "I've been going out of my mind (I feel it I feel it) Know that I'm just wasting time"

Harry's Kiwi "She's driving me crazy, but I'm into it (Oh)

#taylor swift #1989 taylor's version #wonderland #haylor #Youtube #1989

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bedlamsbard · 1 year

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so howard is a fun guy, right? and my question is actually fairly broad so you may do whatever you want with it! What are some assumptions/headcanons/crumbs of lore we've gotten about howard stark that you've taken and played with, and what is something you desperately wish we could learn? Welp, that's two questions.

Howard Stark is such an absolute weirdo and I love him; he's one of the few characters where I want to unironically study him like a bug, because the MCU made some very interesting decisions with the way he's introduced in IM1 and IM2, and then later how he's portrayed in CATFA, CATWS, Ant-Man, and CACW, with a nod to Agent Carter, because a lot of the worldbuilding of AC is, across the board, incompatible with the main saga. (Oh...I forgot he was in Endgame, too.)

The big thing about Howard Stark that makes him such a a weirdo is that he spends fifty years lying about the most important part of his life. Like, that sounds extreme, but that's what he does: IM1 sets up that he was the founder of Stark Industries and ran it until he died in 1991 (the December 16, 1991 date of his death is probably the only consistent date in the MCU). There's just that one odd comment that Obadiah Stane makes in IM1 to Tony: "For thirty years I've been holding you up -- I built this company from nothing!"

Howard died in 1991. (Tony was 21.) IM1 takes place in 2008. That's not thirty years, that's seventeen years.

In IM2 (2011 or 2010), Nick Fury reveals to Tony that Howard Stark was one of the founders of SHIELD, which CATWS bears out, and later in Ant-Man we see Howard with Peggy in the Triskelion in 1989 in the opening flashback with Hank Pym. In Endgame we see him at Camp Lehigh in SHIELD's secret base. In 1991 he's on his way to Washington DC -- Tony (in CACW) makes the assumption he's going to the Pentagon, but it's much more likely he's going to the Triskelion, which is also in DC. (Howard never contradicts him when Tony says the Pentagon.) I don't think we have a movie-canon job title for Howard's role at SHIELD, but it was probably something along the lines of Head of SHIELD Science.

Tony Stark never knows any of this -- the most we know that he knows is that Howard worked for SHIELD at one point in time, but not his entire life. Unless I'm mistaken, it is never made public knowledge that Howard Stark was a SHIELD founder and employee for almost half a century. Howard probably had almost nothing to do with Stark Industries except the public-facing parts, including the Expo; Obadiah Stane ran SI as his own private kingdom until Howard died and Tony took over. (It is also possible that Obadiah didn't know what Howard was doing with SHIELD, just that Howard wasn't involved in SI.) There's a non-zero chance that Maria Stark didn't know much or anything about SHIELD, either.

Here's where we get a little more conspiracy theory: I don't think it was ever public knowledge that Howard Stark was in the SSR, and the official story for what he was doing in the Second World War was that he was involved in the Manhattan Project. Now, I realize saying "Howard Stark didn't actually work on the atomic bomb" comes very close to Howard Stark apologism, but I am a Known Howard Stark Apologist, and I'm not saying it just to say it, especially since "Howard Stark worked on the atomic bomb" is on-the-screen canon from IM1 and IM2.

I don't think Howard had time to work on the atomic bomb during WWII.

This is the point where you have to throw Agent Carter's log of what Howard was doing during the war out the window, because it contradicts what's heavily implied by CATFA: that Howard was with the SSR during the entire course of the war, doing hands-on work first with Project Rebirth and later deconstructing Hydra's weapons work. You can fudge what he was doing from 1941-1943 if you really want to, but we know that from June 1943 to March 1945 he was with the SSR in Europe, because we see him there. We know he's in the SSR and taking orders directly from Phillips; he's a civilian contractor and not enlisted military, but we know he's in the upper echelons of the SSR's European division because he literally has a seat at the table in CATFA. If he had anything to do with the Manhattan Project, it was either in the very, very early stages before he got involved with the SSR or because SI supplied some of the components for the bomb, but Howard clearly was not in Los Alamos with Robert Oppenheimer for the vast majority of the war. (Also, the Manhattan Project was so secretive that I don't think he could have been simultaneously involved in it and the SSR; it almost has to have been one or the other, and we know he was in the SSR.)

It is just barely possible that after VE-Day (May 1945) he went to the Manhattan Project and was there for the summer of 1945 during the Trinity test, but it makes more sense for Howard to have still been working with the SSR on Hydra cleanup at the time. If he had minimal involvement with the Manhattan Project at some stage (probably before he went to the SSR), then he could truthfully say he had worked on the atomic bomb and even after it went public, it's still classified enough that that can serve as cover for his time in the SSR, which remained highly secretive after the end of the war.

"But everyone knows that Howard was a friend of Captain America's!" No, everyone -- or rather, Tony Stark -- knows that Howard was obsessed with Captain America; it was not public knowledge that they were actually friends or even that they knew each other personally. It's not in any of the news articles from IM1 or IM2 that Howard Stark worked with Captain America; we only have Tony's anecdotal evidence that Howard talked about Captain America all the time. And there's a very good chance that Tony didn't realize that Howard actually personally knew Steve Rogers, which definitely changes the way he perceives Howard talking about him. "My dad was obsessed with this guy he never met and/or only met in passing" is very different than "My dad was obsessed with the memory of his dead close friend."

I also think we know the exact moment when Tony actually processes that Howard and Steve knew each other personally, because it's in CACW:

look at Tony's FACE

(I'm obsessed with this CACW scene, there are like ten layers of things going on here, but that's for another time.)

I'm not surprised Tony's got extremely mixed feelings about his father! He spends most of the saga finding out that Howard was leading a secret life for longer than Tony was alive and there are or were quite a number of people who knew Howard much better than Tony ever did, and not even in the normal way your parents' friends and contemporaries know them better than their kids do. Because Howard Stark was an absolute weirdo.

#ruterdam #bedlam replies #bedlam watches the mcu

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wrongcaitlyn · 9 days

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heyy! can you make an apollo time line?? like until before talk your talk starts. i'm so confused

YES okay so i have a very detailed outline in my docs (aka for all the stuff i want to eventually cover in the memoir) but those contain a lot of spoilers so i'm going to give a brief outline of all the main events, just so that the timeline makes sense bc i totally get it - i, too, was very confused by my own timeline when first writing this fic. the amount of shifting and adjustments of it... yeah it was very confusing bc i kept putting off *making* a timeline for apollo and instead just throwing random bits and pieces of lore at him😭

SO here's the official talk your talk apollo timeline

1979

April 8: Apollo is born

1995

July (age 16): Apollo's debut album is released (at this point in time, he has already been in the film industry for years as a child actor, as well as various other smaller gigs/singles. He, before this, has also signed a 5-album contract with his father's record label.)

1998

October - December (age 19): Naomi/Apollo relationship (bonus fun fact: the billboard music awards were on december 7, 1998. This is about nine months before august 23, 1999. do with this information what you will.)

1999

August 23 (age 20): Will Solace is born

2000

June (age 21): at some point, a one night stand with Latricia Lake September 15 - October 1: Sydney Summer Olympics, Darren and Apollo first meeting (they continue to have an on and off relationship from 2000-2003, not really a committed relationship though)

2001

February 28: Austin Lake is born

2003

July (age 24): Darren and Apollo start dating officially

2004

January: Apollo's fifth album is released early March: Apollo and Darren break up mid March: Apollo's tour for the album starts April 1: Kayla Knowles is born late April (age 25): Apollo calls off his contract, doesn't extend his contract, and publicly breaks ties with his father's record label/management. The tour is cancelled, and Apollo disappears from the public eye - but not before "coming out" (this was largely seen as speculation/rumors, not an actual confirmation of his sexuality, and largely forgotten by fans) August 13 - 29: Athens Summer Olympics, Darren and Apollo final meeting (until 2019)

2007

March (age 27): Naomi Solace dies of a stroke before a concert on her tour May (age 28): Will moves in with Apollo

2010

November (age 31): Apollo meets Leo December: Kayla moves in

2011

March: Apollo meets Nico

okay i THINK those are all the important dates/events - hope it all makes sense!! if there are any questions abt apollo's backstory, or just general questions about this timeline (or, if there's an inconsistency that i somehow missed- for some reason, the first time i wrote this timeline, i wrote that kayla was conceived at the 2004 olympics. which makes. zero sense. seeing as she was born in april of that year. so yeah.) but anyway!! i love talking abt apollo and i realize there is a LOT of lore/backstory around him that i haven't gotten around to explaining, and i love rambling. thank you so much for the ask!!

#wrongcaitlyn #talk ur talk fic #talk ur talk asks #it's absolutely heartbreaking when writing this and the original timeline seeing how YOUNG he was #like ik he's a god in canon. but. ugh it makes me so sad and i'm literally the one who wrote this #he deserved a childhood #but at least he gave his kids one :((#apollo dad of the year award im so attached to him

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ofwendyz · 5 months

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Wendy, Son. 🦢

⃝웬디

GENERAL INFORMATION

BIRTH NAME: Shon Seung-wan

HANGUL: 손승완

NICKNAME(S): Olaf

BIRTH DATE: February 21, 1994 (age 29)

BIRTH PLACE: Seongbuk-dong, Seoul, South Korea

HEIGHT: 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)[1]

WEIGHT: 46 kg (101 lb)

BLOOD TYPE: O

♡₊˚ 🦢・₊✧⋆⭒˚｡⋆ | ˗ˏˋ ♡ ˎˊ˗

OCCUPATION

JOB: Singer, Songwriter, Actress

POSITION: Main Vocalist

COLOR: Blue

YEARS ACTIVE: 2014–present

AGENCY: SM Entertainment

ASSOCIATED ACTS: Red Velvet, SM Rookies

♡₊˚ 🦢・₊✧⋆⭒˚｡⋆ | ˗ˏˋ ♡ ˎˊ˗

Do everything to your best ability with a positive mindset.

-WENDY

♡₊˚ 🦢・₊✧⋆⭒˚｡⋆ | ˗ˏˋ ♡ ˎˊ˗

Shon Seung-wan (Hangul:손승완; born February 21, 1994), better known as Wendy (Hangul: 웬디), is a South Korean singer, songwriter, and actress. She is the main vocalist of the South Korean girl group Red Velvet.

♡₊˚ 🦢・₊✧⋆⭒˚｡⋆ | ˗ˏˋ ♡ ˎˊ˗

Wendy was born as Shon Seung-wan in Seongbuk-dong, Seoul, South Korea. Her family consists of her parents, an affluent couple whose names haven't been revealed to the public, and her sister, Son Seung-hee, who is three years Wendy's senior. Wendy spent most of her childhood years in Cheongju, South Korea.

Wendy aspired to become a singer from the age of six and throughout her life trained to fulfill this goal. She also learned to play the saxophone, piano, flute, and guitar.

At the age of 12, Wendy and her sister moved to live in Canada, and later the USA. Whilst living in North America, Wendy began using the name Wendy Shon and learned to speak English, as well as some French and Spanish. For her education in these countries, she attended Shattuck St Mary's School in Minnesota, USA, and Richmond Hill High School in Ontario, Canada.

After graduating high school in 2012, she moved to South Korea to establish a professional singing career. Prior to this in 2010, she auditioned for the "Koreaboo: Cube Entertainment Global Auditions 2011" with an online audition and was picked from over 5,000 videos by Koreaboo and Cube Entertainment to continue to the final round in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. G.NA personally picked the 15 finalists with Koreaboo to open for her first solo showcase, held in Vancouver, BC, Canada. In 2012, she auditioned at the SM Global Audition in Canada and was recognized for her musicality, being able to play several instruments, as well as having strong vocal skills.

♡₊˚ 🦢・₊✧⋆⭒˚｡⋆ | ˗ˏˋ ♡ ˎˊ˗

Career

2014: Pre-debut activities

She trained for less than two years before she was introduced as a member of SM Entertainment's pre-debut trainees team SM Rookies on March 14, 2014

As part of SM Rookies, Wendy released the song "Because I Love You" for the soundtrack of the Mnet drama Mimi, which was one of the soundtracks of the Mnet drama series, Mimi, which labelmate Changmin starred in, appearing in the music video as well. A clip of Wendy singing a cover of Taylor Swift's "Speak Now" was released on SM Entertainment's official YouTube channel.

2014–2019: Debut with Red Velvet, stage accident

In late-July 2014, Wendy was assigned to represent the color blue and chosen to be the main vocalist of Red Velvet, which debuted on August 1, 2014 with the single "Happiness".

Wendy collaborated with rapper Yuk Ji-dam for the song "Return", one of the OSTs of KBS2's drama Who Are You: School 2015. The song was released on June 8, 2015 and debuted at #31 on the Gaon Singles Chart. She released another song "Let You Know" for the soundtrack of the JTBC drama D-Day on October 16. On January 9, 2016, she became a panelist on We Got Married. On King of Mask Singer (episode 43 aired on January 24, 2016), she participated as a contestant with the stage name "Space Beauty Maetel". Wendy released a collaboration single with Eric Nam titled "Spring Love" on March 4, 2016, as part of SM Entertainment's SM Station project.

On December 25, 2019, Wendy fell from a raised stage while rehearsing for a performance on the year-end show SBS Gayo Daejeon. She fell approximately 2.5 meters (8.2ft) and received multiple injuries, including a broken wrist, fractured pelvis, a cracked cheekbone, and other unspecified facial and bodily injuries. Wendy was subsequently on hiatus for over a year while she recovered.

2021: Return to activities, Wendy's Youngstreet, GOT the beat

On January 1, 2021, Wendy's health hiatus official ended and she returned to idol activities.

On July 12, 2021, Wendy became the DJ host for SBS Power FM's radio show Wendy's Youngstreet, adopting the DJ name "WanD". The show ran for almost two years, until July 2, 2023.

On December 27, 2021, Wendy was revealed alongside Seulgi as one of the members of GOT the beat, the first unit of the project group Girls On Top.[2] The unit debuted on January 3, 2022 with the digital single "Step Back".

2023: First musical role

On June 19, 2023, Wendy confirmed that she had been cast in the role of "I" in the musical Rebecca. She performed from August 19–November 19, 2023.

Filmography

Since her debut, Wendy has appeared on the variety shows, We Got Married, King of Masked Singer, Trick and True, Raid the Convenience Store and Battle Trip. She made a cameo in the series, Descendants of the Sun and made an appearance in the documentary, SMTown: The Stage.

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duggardata · 2 years

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Introducing The Wissmanns!

Part 2. The 2nd Generation Couples.

[ Click Here If You Missed Part 1 ]

As promised, here is a quick rundown of the Wissmann Couples, starting with Wissmann #1 (Rachel)...

Rachel (Wissmann) + Alan William Busenitz

Alan proposed to Rachel on December 16, 2011, after knowing her for just 13–14 Weeks. (Doing the math, they must have met in September of 2011.) They married on June 30, 2012. On the Wedding Date, Alan was 39, and Rachel was 30. Initially (for ~3 Years) they struggled with “unexplained infertility,” and eventually tried fertility drugs and even IUI. Rachel implies that they ultimately conceived ‘naturally,’ however, and they’ve now had 3 Children—

Kendrick Alan Busenitz b. January 26, 2016 (Age 6)

Autumn Joy Busenitz b. October 7, 2017 (Age 4)

Justice William Busenitz b. July 12, 2019 (Almost 3)

Since Justice, Rachel has unfortunately had two back–to–back 2nd–Trimester Losses. She miscarried John Matthew at 19 Weeks Along on January 8, 2021, then Faith Elizabeth (at 17 or 18 Weeks Along) on August 4, 2021. Rachel also had an early miscarriage in September 2018, between Autumn and Justice.

So far, Rachel + Alan’s Procreative Pace (PP) is 628 Days with an ESOQ of 8 Children.

Rachel’s Husband, Alan Busenitz, is 1 of 6 Children. His family is from Potwin, Kansas, and Rachel + Alan now live in his hometown. Alan makes his living as a farmer. Rachel is a stay–at–home wife and homeschooling mother. Rachel + Alan are members of Emmaus Church (Whitewater, KS)—“an evangelical Bible church with Mennonite roots.” (Statement of Faith.) (Duggar Data figured this out by comparing the church shown on Rachel’s June 2022 IG Stories re: VBS to churches in the Potwin, KS area.)

Ruth (Wissmann) + Ryan James Bourlier

Ruth + Ryan met on December 20, 2015. He proposed a mere 13 Weeks Later, on March 25, 2016. They got married on July 30, 2016, He was 34; she was 32 (Almost 33). So far, they have 4 Children (All Sons)—

Lee James Bourlier b. June 21, 2017 (Just Turned 5)

Jerit Daniel Bourlier b. October 3, 2018 (Age 3)

Judah Loren Bourlier b. November 28, 2019 (Age 2)

Kaleb Terry Bourlier b. July 3, 2021 (Just Turned 1)

Currently, Ruth + Ryan’s Procreative Pace (PP) is 491 Days (16 Months)—the fastest of the 2nd Generation Wissmanns—and their ESOQ is 11 Children.

The Bourlier–Wissmanns live in Kimball, Kimball County, Nebraska. Ryan is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), with a degree from University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Ruth is a mother and homemaker, and also sells Plexus. (Yes, that’s the same ‘Plexus’ that J–Rod sells.) Duggar Data isn’t sure where they attend church, except they probably don’t go to East Fairview Mennonite Church, as none of the church bulletins mention them.

Josiah + Abi Lyn (Rehm) Wissmann

Their Love Story was posted on the Wissmann Blog, but Duggar Data stupidly failed to screenshot it before the Wissmanns locked the blog down. However, they probably met via Millard Alliance Church (MAC); the Rehm and Wissmann Families were both members. At any rate, Josiah + Abi wed on September 20, 2008, at the very first 2nd Generation Wissmann Wedding. Josiah was 23; Abi was 21. They had the very 1st GrandWissmann (Joanna) in February 2010 and now have 4 Children Total (2 Daughters, 2 Sons)—

Joanna Praise Wissmann b. February 24, 2010 (Age 12)

Asher David Wissmann b. November 30, 2011 (Age 10)

Jenifer Lee Wissmann b. May 17, 2016 (Age 6)

Andron Michael Wissmann b. October 11, 2019 (Age 2)

Josiah + Abi’s current Procreative Pace (PP) is 1,172 Days (~3.2 Years), and their ESOQ is 6 Children.

As of 2022, Josiah + Abi live in Milford, Seward County, NE. It’s unclear what they do for work. They attend Hillcrest Evangelical Free Church (Seward, KS). (Statement of Beliefs.)

Bethany (Wissmann) + Daniel Trust Beasley

Bethany’s Husband, Daniel, also hails from a Millard Alliance (MAC) family. His father (Phil) is actually one of the church elders. Dan is 1 of 9 Children.

Bethany + Dan started courting on March 26, 2009. He proposed on June 29, 2009. They tied the knot on December 19, 2009. At the time, he was 21, and she was 23. So far, they have 5 Children, more than any other 2nd Generation Wissmann Couple—

Arianna Mae Beasley b. April 25, 2012 (Age 10)

Caden James Beasley b. February 3, 2014 (Age 8)

Everett William Beasley b. December 1, 2016 (Age 5)

Gemma Lynne Beasley b. September 18, 2018 (Age 3)

Felicity Anne Beasley b. January 28, 2021 (17 Months)

They also suffered a miscarriage prior to Arianna.

To date, Beth + Dan’s Procreative Pace (PP) is 800 Days (~2.2 Years) with an ESOQ of 11 Children.

Daniel is a lawyer. He graduated from law school in 2012. Since then, he has worked as an attorney at the Homeschool Legal Defense Association (HSLDA)—a non–profit, which advocates parents’ right to homeschool. (Fun Fact: The HSLDA is the organization that assisted The Romeike Family with their asylum case.) Bethany is a stay–at–home, homeschooling mother. Currently, they live in Charles Town, Jefferson County, West Virginia. They worship at Fellowship Bible Church (FBC) in Shenandoah Junction, WV. (Their Church’s Doctrine.)

Andrew + Kori Jane (Knuth) Wissmann

She is from Florida, is 1 of only 2 Children, and her family isn’t as conservative as the Wissmanns. (But, they’re definitely still conservative.) She and Andrew met in 2002; started dating in 2008; got engaged on the 4th of July, 2010; and married on March 5, 2011. Andrew was 23; Kori was 22. They didn’t become parents right away, and experienced at least one miscarriage. (Their Firstborn, Wyatt, is apparently a “rainbow baby.” See Also.) They now have 2 Sons—

Wyatt Andrew Wissmann b. June 25, 2018 (Just Turned 4)

Jaxon Richard Wissmann b. June 11, 2020 (Just Turned 2)

Their Procreative Pace (PP), which is based on their only non–Firstborn Child Spacing (Wyatt–to–Jaxon), is 717 Days. Their ESOQ is 5 Children.

Drew + Kori live in Winter Garden, Orange County, Florida. Duggar Data isn’t sure what they do for work. They might attend Beulah Baptist Church (Winter Garden, FL) (Statement of Beliefs), since Kori “likes” it on Facebook.

Matthias + Michelle Ruth (Kingery) Wissmann

Matthias + Michelle went public w/ their courtship on June 18, 2017. He went on to propose on August 29, 2017, and their Wedding Date was December 30, 2017. They are fairly private, recently waiting until birth to announce their 2nd Pregnancy / Child. As of 2022, they have 2 Children—

Adalynn Michelle Wissmann b. March 22, 2019 (Age 3)

Titus Ezekiel Wissmann b. June 7, 2021 (13 Months)

To date, their Procreative Pace (PP), based on their only non–Firstborn Child Spacing (Adalynn–to–Titus), is 808 Days. Their ESOQ is 7 Children.

Michelle hails from Minnesota, from a large “singing family.” (The Wissmanns are also a “singing family,” so that might be how she met Matthias.) She’s the 3rd of 8 Children. As of 2022, Matt + Michelle live in Seward, Seward County, Nebraska, close to his parents. He works for his father’s company, Wissmann Enterprises, while she is a stay–at–home wife and mother. They are members of East Fairview Mennonite Church, where Matthias sometimes preaches and leads bible study.

Hannah (Wissmann) + Jeremiah Robert Duggar

They hardly need this Introduction, but here goes... Hannah + Jeremiah were married on March 26, 2022. He proposed in Late December 2021—the exact timing is discussed in this Post—after going public with their relationship that October. No Children yet.

Obviously, Jeremiah hails from the very well–known Duggar Family. He is 1 of 19 Children, and half of Michelle’s 2nd and Final Set of Twins. He is 5 Minutes Younger than his fraternal twin brother, Jedidiah.

After their wedding, Hannah moved to Jer’s home state of Arkansas. Duggar Data doesn’t know exactly where in Arkansas they’re living. Duggar Data also isn’t sure where they go to church.

Nathanael Wissmann + Katrina Hope Sahlstrom

Finally... Wissman #11 (Nathanael) is in a relationship with Katrina Sahlstrom. He is 20 (DOB October 28, 2001). She’s 19 (DOB June 28, 2003). Apparently, they began dating on June 28, 2021. Nathanael went public with the relationship on Instagram the next day. They’re not engaged yet.

Katrina is the 7th of 10 Children. She still lives at home in Tracy, Lyon County, Minnesota. Nathanael is, likewise, still living at the Wissmann Family Home in Milford, Seward County, Nebraska. He works full–time for the family business, Wissmann Enterprises, and is also a licensed pilot. It’s unknown what Katrina does for work. She is a homeschool graduate.

#wissmann family

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silverfoxlou · 2 years

Text

Why Pop’s Biggest Stars Are Staying Put for Long Residencies

New York Times

Extended runs in one venue, once associated with legacy acts, have become popular with stars including Harry Styles and BTS, lowering bills and building hype as touring costs rise.

TLDR; saves the artist money

(full article under the cut)

On Saturday, Harry Styles will take the stage at Madison Square Garden as part of the tour for his chart-topping new album, “Harry’s House.”

Then, next Sunday, he will play the Garden again. Next Monday, too. And another 12 times through Sept. 21. At the Kia Forum in Inglewood, Calif., Styles will perform another 15 times in October and November. The entire North American leg of the singer’s latest tour, which opened in Toronto this week, consists of 42 shows in just five cities.

Styles’s tour is the most prominent example of a bubbling trend of concert residencies: extended runs by artists in a limited number of cities and venues. In a rebounding touring market, with concert-starved audiences buying tickets in record numbers — and at higher prices than ever — these bookings are deliberate choices by prominent artists to reduce their time on the road and set up shop in far fewer places than they could on a traditional tour.

Besides Styles’s, high-profile residencies have been completed recently by the K-pop phenom BTS and the Mexican rock band Maná, which has booked 12 dates since March at the Forum, the group’s only performances in the United States all year. In Las Vegas, the place that arguably birthed the residency format, Adele will begin a 32-date weekend engagement at Caesars Palace in November, and Katy Perry and Miranda Lambert also have dates lined up for the fall.

According to talent agents and industry observers, the reasons include clever branding, the protection of artists and crews in the pandemic and a cold calculation of financial efficiencies. More concerts in fewer cities means fewer trucks on the road and lower bills all around.

Those financial advantages are key at a time when gas prices are high and the concert world must deal with the same supply-chain shortages that have hit other businesses, said Ray Waddell, who covered the touring business for decades for Billboard magazine and now runs the media and conferences division of the Oak View Group, which operates sports and entertainment venues around the world.

“The math is challenging right now,” Waddell said. “It costs way more to tour, more to produce the shows for everybody, more for labor. At the same time, inflation is going to impact discretionary income and force fans to make choices. That’s bad calculus.”

For artists like Adele, Harry Styles and BTS, whose vast fan bases seem to have unquenchable demand, asking fans to come to them — and perhaps incur travel expenses of their own — may not be a great risk. But this model does not translate well below the superstar level, agents say.

Of course, extended bookings are nothing new. Bruce Springsteen played Giants Stadium 10 times in the summer of in 2003. Prince played 21 shows around Los Angeles in 2011, most at the Forum. But the pandemic may have led to a critical mass.

For artists and venues, touring has had a much-needed return to full capacity this year. According to Pollstar, a trade publication that follows the concert industry, gross ticket sales for the top 100 tours in North America reached $1.7 billion for the first six months of 2022, up 9 percent from the same period in 2019. Live Nation, the global concert giant that owns Ticketmaster, recently reported that the company had already sold 100 million tickets for the full year, more than in 2019. Still, the tightening of the wider economy has many in the industry worried about the rest of the year.

On the road, and in venues packed with unmasked fans, the threat of Covid-19 still lingers, leading to occasional postponements and cancellations. A residency plan can limit the risk of exposure, and also give an artist a temporary break from the rigors of the road. In one recent Instagram post from a tour stop in Germany, Styles showed himself collapsed in an ice bath. (Styles and his representatives declined to comment for this article.)

The complications of touring in the age of Covid-19 were behind Maná’s decision to limit its U.S. shows to the Forum. Last year, as the group began making its plans for 2022, the rise of the Omicron variant, and the tangle of local health regulations across the country, made a nationwide tour seem daunting.

So they decided to stick to one spot in the Los Angeles area, the group’s biggest worldwide market. The band has already played eight sold-out shows at the Forum, drawing 110,000 fans, and has four more announced through October.

“We just wanted to get out and play, to be with our fans,” said Fher Olvera, Maná’s lead singer. “We thought doing a whole tour would be really challenging, maybe impossible, given all the variables.”

“After everything that’s happened over the last few years,” Olvera added, “the residency is more than a series of concerts for us — it’s a celebration of life.”

The origins of the contemporary concert residency go back to Celine Dion’s decision to set up in Las Vegas in 2003, a time when that city was still seen as a pasture for fading acts.

“It was a very big risk at the time — everybody thought we were fools,” said John Meglen of Concerts West, Dion’s promoter, which is part of the AEG Live empire. “At the time, Vegas was like the end of your career. It was like, ‘Come die with us.’”

But Dion’s two residencies sold about $660 million in tickets to more than 1,100 shows, according to Pollstar. Dion’s engagements, as well as two by Elton John, recalibrated the industry’s approach to Las Vegas, and were followed by residencies there with Garth Brooks, Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Lady Gaga, Drake and many others.

The crucial artist for expanding the residency outside of Las Vegas, however, was Billy Joel. After being named the Garden’s first “music franchise” in late 2013, Joel began playing there monthly in 2014, and, aside from a hiatus during the pandemic, never stopped; his 86th concert in the series was recently announced for Dec. 19.

Through his June show, the Garden residency has sold about $180 million in tickets. If the rest of his concerts there this year sell out — a fair bet, since every other night of the residency has — the cumulative gross will be around $200 million.

“It’s basically the Super Bowl of music events,” said Dennis Arfa, Joel’s longtime booking agent. Joel has said he would continue the engagement “as long as the demand continues,” and there is no sign of that letting up.

For Arfa, the scale of engagements like Joel’s and Dion’s raises a question of nomenclature. Do 15 shows over a few weeks count as a “residency” compared to 86, or to 1,100? If not, then what is it?

“The word residency is kind of undefinable,” Arfa said. “Now everything is a residency. People do four nights and they can call it a residency. It’s a matter of verbiage and perception. I think the accomplishment is more important than the title.”

Whatever these are, they are likely to continue. Omar Al-joulani, Live Nation’s president of touring, said he expected around 30 residency-type engagements in 2023. “That’s including a big Vegas year.”

But talent agents and music executives say that these kinds of events cannot replace full-scale touring as a way to satisfy demand and cultivate audiences. When Styles announced his tour dates, Nathan Hubbard, a longtime ticketing executive who is the former chief executive of Ticketmaster, on Twitter declared the strategy “the future of live.” But in a recent interview, he took a more nuanced view.

“This is not the new touring model,” Hubbard said. “This doesn’t mean nobody’s going to Louisville — indeed, most artists are still going to have to go market to market to hustle it.”

And when a major venue announces its next block booking, what do we call it? Is it a residency, or something else? Arfa, Joel’s agent, pointed to Styles’s dates at the Garden.

“It’s a run,” he said. “It’s a great run.”

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ihearthes · 2 years

Text

Why Pop’s Biggest Stars Are Staying Put for Long Residencies

New York Times by Ben Sisario

On Saturday, Harry Styles will take the stage at Madison Square Garden as part of the tour for his chart-topping new album, “Harry’s House.”

“After everything that’s happened over the last few years,” Olvera added, “the residency is more than a series of concerts for us — it’s a celebration of life.”

The origins of the contemporary concert residency go back to Celine Dion’s decision to set up in Las Vegas in 2003, a time when that city was still seen as a pasture for fading acts.

“This is not the new touring model,” Hubbard said. “This doesn’t mean nobody’s going to Louisville — indeed, most artists are still going to have to go market to market to hustle it.”

And when a major venue announces its next block booking, what do we call it? Is it a residency, or something else? Arfa, Joel’s agent, pointed to Styles’s dates at the Garden.

“It’s a run,” he said. “It’s a great run.”

#harry styles #residencies #interesting article on reasons for residencies

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knowledge-and-learning · 2 years

Text

Google The Great - Interesting read

Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. The next year, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.[16] In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bidding and click-through rates, with bidding starting at five cents per click.[17][18] This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto.com (later Overture Services, now part of Yahoo!), one of the most successful companies in the 1990s. Google raised $1.67 million in three rounds of funding in 1998,[19] $25 million in 1999,[20][21] and $100 million in 2000.[22][23][24] An August 2005 secondary public offering raised an additional $4.18 billion,[25] making the total IPO proceeds to date $23.1 billion.[26][notes 1]

In January 1996, Andrei Broder published a paper on the AltaVista search engine providing details of how he had gathered the web crawler data which became the basis for ALIWEB.[27]

In June 1998, Brin and Page presented their paper "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" to the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference in Brisbane, Australia.[28] Since then, Page and Brin have been frequent keynote speakers at conferences and symposia. Over the years they have made several other important contributions to the field of information retrieval, including the establishment of the PageRank algorithm,[29] still used by Google today.

During their research project they had noted that webpages with high citation scores (links from other, well-cited webpages) tended to be ranked higher by conventional search engines. They realized that if they could develop a system that could crawl the web and create an index of all the pages it found, it would be possible to provide much better search results than existing techniques. This became the motivation behind their work.

In March 2001, at Stanford, Brin and Page presented "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine", describing Google as "[...] a new kind of search engine".[30] This paper has been cited over 8,800 times.[31][32] Their initial idea was to sell Google as a commercial license to larger companies, but potential customers were not interested. To make Google available to everyone, they set up a charitable corporation, and by the end of 1998 Google was running on 2,000 desktops at Stanford.[33]

The following year, Sergey Brin named Larry Page as the new CEO of Google. Eric Schmidt, who had been hired as Chairman of the Board in 2001, took over as CEO in April 2011. In March 2015, Page once again became the CEO of Google. Marissa Mayer, a former executive at Google, replaced Schmidt as chairman.[34]

Over the years, Google has made several acquisitions to expand its reach into new markets. In February 2003, it acquired Pyra Labs, owner of Blogger, a web logging service. Google acquired Picasa in July 2004, a web-based photo sharing service.[35]

In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock.[36][37] The acquisition brought 400 million new users to Google and helped fuel further growth of the company. In April 2007, Google reached an advertising revenue sharing agreement with MySpace, which was owned by News Corporation at the time.[38]

In May 2010, Google acquired Agnilux, a secretive startup working on chips and hardware systems for servers.[39] That same month, the company also announced the acquisition of AdMob, a mobile advertising company,[40] for $750 million.

In August 2010, Google announced the acquisition of LabPixies, a Mumbai and Israel-based company that created interactive content such as games, widgets, and greeting cards.[41]

In October 2010, Google acquired Metaweb, a web of data that includes Freebase, a database of more than 12 million entities.[42][43] The acquisition was aimed at improving search results by better understanding the meanings and relationships between entities.

In April 2011, Google announced the acquisition of Admeld,[44] a display advertising platform that helps publishers increase revenue from their ad inventory. That same month, the company also acquired PushLife,[45] a mobile content management system.

In July 2011, Google announced the acquisition of Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion,[46] its largest acquisition to date. The purchase was made in order to gain access to Motorola's portfolio of patents and mobile devices. In August 2011, Google announced the acquisition of Frommer's,[47] a travel guidebook series.

In January 2012, Google acquired Wildfire Interactive,[48] a social media marketing company. That same month, the company also announced the acquisition of SketchUp,[49] a 3D modeling program used by architects, engineers, and graphic designers.

In May 2012, Google announced the acquisition of Quickoffice,[50] a mobile productivity suite that allows users to create and edit Microsoft Office documents on their smartphones and tablet computers. In June 2012, Google announced the acquisition of Waze,[51] a social GPS navigation app.

In September 2013, Google announced the acquisition of Bump Technologies,[52] a company that develops mobile apps that allow users to share contact information and files by bumping their phones together. In November 2013, Google announced the acquisition of Makani Power,[53] a company that is developing energy kites, which are tethered wings that generate power from wind.

In January 2014, Google acquired Nest Labs,[54] a manufacturer of smart thermostats and smoke detectors. In May 2014, Google announced the acquisition of SlickLogin,[55] a company that is developing technology that allows users to log into websites and apps using their smartphones or other devices.

In January 2015, Google announced the acquisition of DeepMind,[56] a company that is developing artificial intelligence technology. In February 2015, Google announced the acquisition of Jaiku,[57] a social networking service.

In September 2015, Google announced the acquisition of Makani Power, a company that is developing energy kites, which are tethered wings that generate power from wind.[58]

In January 2016, Google announced the formation of Alphabet Inc., a holding company that would house Google and its other businesses.[59] Under the new structure, Page became the CEO of Alphabet and Sundar Pichai became the CEO of Google.[60]

In October 2016, Google completed the sale of Motorola Mobility to Lenovo for $2.91 billion.[61][62]

In December 2016, Google acquired Owlchemy Labs,[63] a virtual reality company that is best known for its Job Simulator and Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality games.

In January 2017, Google announced the acquisition of AIMatter,[64] a startup that is developing artificial intelligence technology. In February 2017, Google completed the sale of its satellite imaging business to Planet Labs.[65]

In September 2017, Google announced the acquisition of HTC's Pixel smartphone division for $1.1 billion.[66] The deal will see Google acquiring HTC's engineering team that worked on the Pixel smartphones.

As of October 2017, Google has made over 200 acquisitions,[67] with the most notable ones being the acquisitions of YouTube, Android, Motorola Mobility, and DeepMind.

In January 2018, Google announced the acquisition of Viewpoint Robotics,[68] a company that is developing technology for robots to navigate autonomously in unstructured environments. In February 2018, Google completed the acquisition of Xively,[69] a cloud-based Internet of Things platform from LogMeIn.

In May 2018, Google announced the acquisition of ITA Software,[70] a flight search and planning company, from American Airlines and other investors for $700 million. In June 2018, Google announced the acquisition of Velostrata,[71] a cloud migration startup.

In September 2018, Google announced the acquisition of Disqus,[72] a blog comment hosting service. In October 2018, Google completed the acquisition of Sigmoid Labs,[73] the company behind the AppSheet mobile app development platform.

In January 2019, Google announced the acquisition of Looker,[74] a data analytics startup, for $2.6 billion. In February 2019, Google announced the acquisition of Fitbit,[75] a fitness tracker company, for $2.1 billion.

In June 2019, Google announced the acquisition of Alooma,[76] a cloud data migration startup. In August 2019, Google announced the acquisition of Toontastic,[77] an educational cartoon creation startup.

In November 2019, Google completed the acquisition of Fitbit,[78] a fitness tracker company, for $2.1 billion. The deal was first announced in October 2018.[79]

In January 2020, Google announced the acquisition of Elastifile,[80] a cloud file storage startup. In February 2020, Google completed the acquisition of Looker,[81] a data analytics startup, for $2.6 billion. The deal was first announced in June 2019.[82]

In March 2020, Google completed the acquisition of Stackdriver,[83] a cloud monitoring and logging service provider, from Amazon Web Services for an undisclosed sum. In May 2020, Google announced the acquisition of North,[84] a smart glasses company.

As of June 2020, Google has made over 240 acquisitions,[85] with the most notable ones being the acquisitions of YouTube, Android, Motorola Mobility, DeepMind, Looker, and Fitbit.

Sundar Pichai

Sundar Pichai is an Indian American business executive. He is the CEO of both Google and its holding company Alphabet Inc.[3]

Pichai was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, in 1972.[4][5] His mother Lakshmi was a stenographer and his father Regunatha Pichai was an electrical engineer at General Electric.[6][7][8] He grew up in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.[9][10] He earned his degree from IIT Kharagpur in metallurgical engineering.[11]

Pichai worked as a materials scientist at Applied Materials and in management consulting at McKinsey & Company before joining Google in 2004.[12] He led the product management and innovation efforts for a suite of Google's client software products, including Chrome and Chrome OS, as well as being largely responsible for Google Drive.[13] He was then appointed the vice president of product development in 2013, overseeing the design and development of all consumer products, such as Search, Maps, YouTube, and Apps.[14][15]

In October 2015, Pichai gave a keynote about Google's plans for the future at the Internet Association's policy conference in Washington D.C.. In this presentation he stated that "Mobile as a computing platform is where personal computing was in 1980."[16][17]

Pichai was named the CEO of Google on 10 August 2015 after former CEO and co-founder Larry Page announced that he would be creating Alphabet Inc., a new holding company for Google with Pichai as its CEO.[18][19] As the CEO of Google, Pichai oversees all of its Internet products and services, such as Search, Maps, YouTube, Apps, and Android. He also oversees the technical infrastructure of the company.[20]

In December 2019, it was announced that Pichai had been awarded a $240 million stock grant which will vest over four years. The grant is performance-based, meaning that if Google meets certain financial targets during that time, Pichai will receive the full value of the grant. If not, he will only receive a portion of it. This grant is in addition to the $1.9 million salary and $380,769 bonus that he received in 2019.[21]

Pichai has been described as a "thought leader" on technology issues.[22][23] He is also an advocate for diversity and inclusion in the tech industry and has spoken about the need to increase the number of women and minorities in tech.[24][25]

In 2017, Pichai was ranked #9 on Forbes' list of the World's Most Powerful People.[26] In 2018, he was ranked #4 on Fortune's list of the World's Greatest Leaders.[27] And in 2019, he was once again ranked #9 on Forbes' list of the World's Most Powerful People.[28]

Pichai has been married to Anjali Pichai since 2004. They have two children together.[29][30]

The tech giant plans on adding more content to the site in order to make it a one-stop shop for all things Google. This includes everything from how-to videos and product demonstrations, to user generated reviews and even a Q&A section where users can ask questions and get answers from experts.

In addition to adding new content, Google also plans on redesigning the existing website to make it more user friendly and easier to navigate. The goal is to make it simpler for users to find the information they need, without having to search through multiple pages or clicks.

This brings the question of where is Bing, Ask.com, or maybe even DuckDuckGo? Google has the majority of the search engine market share. Experts state that "Google's dominance in search is unquestioned, but the company has been under pressure from antitrust regulators in Europe."[31] This could be due to the fact that "In March 2015, Google was hit with a record $57 million fine by the European Union for violating antitrust laws."[32]

The new content and redesign of their website is a way for Google to show that they are still the top dog when it comes to search engines. They want to keep users coming back to their site, and this is one way to do it.

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cultjam · 2 years

Note

We, the people of Kazakhstan, united by a common historic fate, creating a state on the indigenous Kazakh land, considering ourselves a peace-loving and civil society, dedicated to the ideals of freedom, equality and concord, wishing to take a worthy place in the world community, realizing our high responsibility before the present and future generations, proceeding from our sovereign right, accept this Constitution.

Section I

General Provisions

Article 1

1. The Republic of Kazakhstan proclaims itself as a democratic, secular, legal and social state whose highest values are a person, his life, rights, and freedoms.

2. The fundamental principles of the activity of the Republic are public concord and political stability; economic development for the benefit of all the nation; Kazakhstani patriotism and resolution of the most critical issues of State affairs by democratic methods including voting by national referendum or in Parliament.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 18/2 dated December 21, 2001.

Article 2

1. The Republic of Kazakhstan is a unitary state with a presidential form of government.

2. The sovereignty of the Republic shall cover the whole of its territory. The state shall ensure the integrity, inviolability, and inalienability of its territory.

3. The law shall determine the administrative-territorial division of the Republic and the status of its capital. The Capital of Kazakhstan is the city of Astana.

3-1. Within the city of Astana, a special legal regime can be established in the financial sphere in accordance with the constitutional law.

4. The names "Republic of Kazakhstan" and "Kazakhstan" shall be equal.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 4 dated April 23, 2003.

Footnote: Article 2, as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication); No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 3

1. The people shall be the only source of governmental power.

2. The people shall exercise power directly through national referendum and free elections, as well as delegate the execution of their ability to state institutions.

3. Nobody shall have the right to arrogate the power in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Arrogation of authority shall be prosecuted by law. The right to act on behalf of the people and the state shall belong to the President, as well as to the Parliament of the Republic within the limits of the constitutional powers. The government and other state bodies shall act on behalf of the state only within the limits of their delegated authorities.

4. The state power in the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be unified and executed on the basis of the Constitution and laws in accordance with the principle of its division into the legislative, executive and judicial branches, and a system of checks and balances, which governs their interaction.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.1/2 dated April 12, 2011.

Article 4

1. The provisions of the Constitution, the laws corresponding to it, other regulatory and legal acts, international agreements and other commitments of the Republic, as well as regulatory resolutions of the Constitutional Council and the Supreme Court of the Republic, shall be the functioning law in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2. The Constitution shall have the highest juridical force and direct effect on the entire territory of the Republic.

3. International agreements ratified by the Republic have primacy over its laws. The legislation of the Republic determines the procedure and conditions of operation of international agreements in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan to which Kazakhstan is a party.

4. All laws and international agreements, where the Republic is a party, shall be published. Official publication of regulatory and legal acts, dealing with the rights, freedoms, and responsibilities of citizens shall be the necessary condition for their application.

Footnote: See regulatory decisions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 18 dated October 11, 2000, No. 6 dated November 05, 2009;

Footnote: Article 4 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 5

1. The Republic of Kazakhstan shall recognize ideological and political diversity. The formation of political parties in state bodies shall not be permitted.

2. Public associations shall be equal before the law. Illegal interference of the state in the affairs of public associations, and public associations in the affairs of the state, imposing the functions of state institutions on public associations shall not be permitted.

3. Formation and functioning of public associations pursuing the goals or actions directed toward a violent change of the constitutional system, violation of the integrity of the Republic, undermining the security of the state, inciting social, racial, national, religious, and tribal enmity, as well as the formation of unauthorized paramilitary units shall be prohibited.

4. Activities of political parties and trade unions of other states, religious parties, as well as the financing of political parties and trade unions of foreign legal entities and citizens, foreign states and international organizations shall not be permitted in the Republic.

5. Activities of foreign religious associations on the territory of the Republic, as well as the appointment of heads of religious associations in the Republic by foreign religious centers shall be carried out in coordination with the respective state institutions of the Republic.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 4/2 dated June 7, 2000.

Footnote: Article 5, as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 6

1. The Republic of Kazakhstan shall recognize and protect state and private property equally.

2. Property shall impose obligations, and its use must simultaneously benefit the society. Subjects and objects of ownership, the scope, and limits of the rights of proprietors, and guarantees of their protection shall be determined by law.

3. The state shall own the land and underground resources, waters, flora and fauna, and other natural resources. The land may also be privately owned on terms, conditions and within limits established by law.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.19/24 dated November 3, 1999; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.1/2 dated April 12, 2001; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.2/2 dated April 13, 2000; No. 4 dated April 23, 2003.

Article 7

1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language.

2. Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language in state institutions and local self-administrative bodies.

3. The state shall promote conditions for the study and development of the languages of the people of Kazakhstan.

Article 8

The Republic of Kazakhstan shall respect principles and norms of international law, shape policy of cooperation and good-neighbourly relations between states, their equality and non-interference in each other’s domestic affairs, peaceful settlement of international disputes and renounce the [first] use of military force.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.1/2 dated April 12, 2001.

Article 9

The Republic of Kazakhstan shall have its state symbols - the flag, emblem, and the anthem. The constitutional law shall establish their description and order of official use.

Footnote. Article 9 as amended in the Kazakh language, the text in the Russian language is not changed by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Section II

Person and Citizen

Article 10

1. Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be acquired and terminated, as prescribed by law and shall be indivisible and equal regardless of the grounds of its acquisition.

2. A citizen of the Republic shall not be deprived of citizenship, the right to change such citizenship, and also may not be expelled from Kazakhstan. Deprivation of citizenship is allowed only by a court decision for the commission of terrorist crimes, as well as for causing other grave harm to the vital interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

3. Foreign citizenship of a citizen of the Republic shall not be recognized.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 12 dated December 1, 2003.

Footnote: Article 10 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 11

1. A citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall not be extradited to a foreign state unless otherwise stipulated by international agreements of the Republic.

2. The Republic shall guarantee protection and patronage to its citizens outside its boundaries.

Article 12

1. Human rights and freedoms in the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be recognized and guaranteed in accordance with this Constitution.

2. Human rights and liberties shall belong to everyone by virtue of birth, be recognized as absolute and inalienable, and define the contents and implementation of laws and other regulatory and legal acts.

3. Every citizen of the Republic shall have rights and bear responsibilities owing to his citizenship.

4. Foreigners and stateless people in the Republic shall enjoy rights and freedoms as well as bear responsibilities, established for the citizens unless otherwise stipulated by the Constitution, laws and international agreements.

5. The exercise of a citizen's human rights and freedoms must not violate the rights and freedoms of other people nor infringe on the constitutional system and public morals.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.12 dated December 2, 2003; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 4 dated April 18, 2007.

Article 13

1. Everyone has the right to recognition of his/her legal personality and the right to protect his/her rights and freedoms by all means not contradicting the law, including the necessary defense.

2. Everyone shall have the right to legal defense of his rights and freedoms.

3. Everyone shall have the right to take qualified legal assistance. In cases stipulated by law, legal assistance shall be provided free of charge.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic Kazakhstan No. 7/2 dated March 29, 1999; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1 dated February 15, 2002.

Article 14

1. Everyone shall be equal before the law and court.

2. No one shall be subject to any discrimination for reasons of origin, social, property status, occupation, sex, race, nationality, language, attitude towards religion, convictions, place of residence or any other circumstances.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 2/2 dated March 10, 1999; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 7/2 dated March 29, 1999.

Article 15

1. Everyone shall have the right to life.

2. No one shall have the right to deprive life of a person arbitrarily. The death penalty is established by law as an exceptional punishment for terrorist offenses involving the death of people, as well as for particularly serious crimes committed in wartime, with giving the sentenced person the right to seek pardon. <*>

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 10 dated January 30, 2003;

Footnote: Article 15 as amended by the Law of Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 16

1. Everyone shall have the right to personal freedom.

2. Arrest and detention shall be allowed only in cases stipulated by law and only with the authorization of the with the right of appeal. Without the authorization of the court, a person shall be detained for a period of not more than seventy-two hours.

3. Every person detained, arrested and accused of committing a crime shall have the right to the assistance of a lawyer (defender) from the moment of detention, arrest or accusation.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 13 dated December 31, 2003;

Footnote: Article 16 as amended by the Law of Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 17

1. Human dignity shall be inviolable.

2. No one should be subjected to torture, violence, abusive or other treatment and punishment degrading human dignity.

Article 18

1. Everyone shall have the right to inviolability of private life, personal or family secrets, protection of honor and dignity.

2. Everyone shall have the right to confidentiality of individual deposits and savings, correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph, and other messages. The limitation of this right shall be permitted only in cases and according to the procedure directly established by law.

3. State bodies, public associations, officials, and the mass media must provide every citizen with the possibility to become familiar with the documents, decisions and other sources of information concerning his rights and interests.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.5 dated on August 20, 2009.

Article 19

1. Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate or not indicate his national, party and religious affiliation.

2. Everyone shall have the right to use his native language and culture, to freely choose the language of communication, education, instruction and creative activities.

Article 20

1. Freedom of speech and creative activities shall be guaranteed. Censorship shall be prohibited.

2. Everyone shall have the right to freely receive and disseminate information by any means not prohibited by law. The list of items constituting state secrets of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be determined by law.

3. Propaganda or agitation for the forcible change of the constitutional system, violation of the integrity of the Republic, undermining of state security, and advocating war, social, racial, national, religious, and clannish superiority as well as the cult of cruelty and violence, shall not be allowed.

Article 21

1. Everyone who has the legal right to stay within the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to free movement throughout its territory and free choice of a place of residence, except in cases stipulated by law.

2. Everyone shall have the right to leave the territory of the Republic. Citizens of the Republic shall have the right to return to the Republic freely.

Article 22

1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of conscience.

2. The right to freedom of conscience shall not specify or limit universal human and civil rights and responsibilities before the state.

Article 23

1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to freedom of forming associations. The activities of public associations shall be regulated by law.

2. Military servants, employees of national security agencies, law enforcement agencies and judges shall not be members of parties, trade unions, or speak in support of any political party.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 13/2 dated July 5, 2000.

Article 24

1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of labor, free choice of occupation and profession. Involuntary labor shall be permitted only by a court sentence or in the conditions of a state of emergency or martial law.

2. Everyone has the right to working conditions that meet the requirements of safety and hygiene, to remuneration for work without any discrimination, as well as to social protection against unemployment.

3. The right to individual and collective labor disputes using the methods for resolving them, established by law, including the right to strike, shall be recognized.

4. Everyone shall have the right to rest. Working labor agreements specifying the length of working time, days off and holidays, and paid annual leave shall be guaranteed by law.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 2/2 dated March 10, 1999.

Article 25

1. The right to housing shall be inviolable. Deprivation of housing shall not be permitted unless otherwise stipulated by a court judgment. Entry into housing, its inspection and search shall be permitted only in certain cases and according to the procedure stipulated by law.

2. Provisions to provide citizens with housing in the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be created. Citizens in need of housing shall be categorized in a manner, to be prescribed by law and provided with housing at an affordable price from the state housing funds in accordance with the norms stipulated by law.

Article 26

1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall privately own any legally acquired property.

2. The property, including the right of inheritance, shall be guaranteed by law.

3. No one may be deprived of his property unless otherwise stipulated by a court judgment. Forcible alienation of property for public use in extraordinary cases specified by law shall be exercised on condition of its equivalent compensation.

4. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of entrepreneurial activity, and free use of property for any legal entrepreneurial activity. Monopolistic activity shall be regulated and limited by law. Unfair competition shall be prohibited.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 6/2 dated June 16, 2000; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 21/2 dated December 20, 2000; resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 4 dated July 1, 2005.

Article 27

1. Marriage and family, motherhood, fatherhood, and childhood shall be under the protection of the state.

2. Care and upbringing of children shall be a natural right and responsibility of parents.

3. Adult, able-bodied children must take care of their disabled parents.

Article 28

1. A citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be guaranteed a minimum wage and pension, and guaranteed social security in old age, in case of disease, disability or loss of the main income-provider and other legal grounds.

2. Voluntary social insurance, the creation of additional forms of social security, and charity shall be encouraged.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.3/2 dated March 12, 1999.

Article 29

1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to protection of health.

2. Citizens of the Republic shall be entitled to free, guaranteed, extensive medical assistance established by law.

3. Paid medical treatment shall be provided by state and private medical institutions, as well as by people engaged in private medical practice on terms and according to the terms and procedures stipulated by law.

Article 30

1. Citizens shall be guaranteed free secondary education in state educational establishments. Secondary education shall be obligatory.

2. A citizen shall have the right to obtain a higher education on a competitive basis in a state higher educational institution.

3. Fee-based education in private educational institutions shall be carried out on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by law.

4. The state shall set uniform compulsory standards in education. The activity of any educational institution must comply with these standards.

Article 31

1. The state shall aim to protect the environment in favour of human life and health.

2. Officials shall be held accountable for the concealment of facts and circumstances endangering the life and health of the people in accordance with the law.

Article 32

Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to assemble peacefully and without weapons, hold meetings, campaigns and demonstrations, street processions and pickets. The use of this right may be restricted by law in the interests of state security, public order, and protection of health, rights, and the freedom of other persons.

Article 33

1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall have the right to participate in the government of the state’s affairs directly and through their representatives, to address personally as well as to direct individual and collective appeals to public and local self-administrative bodies.

2. Citizens of the Republic shall have the right to elect and be elected into public and local self-administration as well as to participate in an all-nation referendum.

3. The right to elect and be elected, to participate in the all-nation referendum shall not extend to those citizens judged incapable by a court as well as those held in places of confinement upon a court’s sentence.

4. Citizens of the Republic shall have an equal right to serve in public office. The requirements for candidates for public offices shall be conditioned only by the character of the duties of the office and shall be established by law.

Footnote: See resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998.

Article 34

1. Everyone must observe the Constitution, legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and respect the rights, freedoms, honor, and dignity of other people.

2. Everyone must appreciate the state symbols of the Republic.

Article 35

Payment of legally established taxes, fees, and other obligatory payments shall be a duty and responsibility of everyone.

Article 36

1. Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be a sacred duty and responsibility of its every citizen.

2. Citizens of the Republic shall perform military service according to the procedure and in the forms established by law.

Article 37

Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must care for the protection of historical and cultural heritage, and preserve monuments of history and culture.

Article 38

Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must preserve nature and protect natural resources.

Article 39

1. Rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen may be limited only by law and only to the extent necessary for the protection of the constitutional system, defense of public order, human rights and freedoms, and the health and morality of the population.

2. Any acts capable of violating inter-ethnic and inter-religious harmony shall be recognized as unconstitutional.

3. Restriction of the rights and freedoms of citizens for political reasons shall not be allowed in any form. The rights and freedoms provided for by articles 11, 13–15, paragraph 1 of article 16, article 17, article 19, article 22, paragraph 2 of article 26 of the Constitution, are not subject to limitation in any case.

Footnote. Article 39 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Section III

The President

Article 40

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the head of the state, holder of the highest office determining the main guidelines of the domestic and foreign policy of the state and representing Kazakhstan within the country and in international relations.

2. The President of the Republic shall be a symbol and guarantor of the unity of the people and state power, the inviolability of the Constitution, the rights and freedoms of person and citizen.

3. The President of the Republic ensures the coordinated functioning of all branches of government and the responsibility of the authorities to the people.

Article 41

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be elected in accordance with the constitutional law by adult citizens of the Republic on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of five years.

2. A citizen of the Republic by birth who is at least forty years old, fluent in the state language, has lived in Kazakhstan for the last fifteen years and has a higher education, may be elected President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The constitutional law may establish additional requirements for candidates for the President of the Republic.

3. Regular elections of the President of the Republic shall be held on the first Sunday of December and shall not coincide with the election of a new Parliament of the Republic.

3-1. Extraordinary presidential elections shall be assigned by the decision of the President of the Republic and shall be held in accordance with the procedure and terms established by the Constitutional Law.

4. Excluded by Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998

5. A candidate who receives more than fifty percent of the votes cast by voters who have taken part in the voting shall be considered elected. In the event that none of the candidates receives the specified number of votes, a second vote shall be taken, in which two candidates who receive the largest number of votes participate. A candidate is considered to be elected if he receives a greater number of votes of the voters who took part in the voting.

Footnote. See the resolutions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 9/2 dated October 9, 1998; No. 5 dated August 19, 2005.

Footnote: Article 41 as amended by the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998: No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication); No. 403-IV dated February 02, 2011 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication); No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 42

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall take office from the moment of swearing to the people the following oath: "I solemnly swear that I will faithfully serve the people of Kazakhstan, strictly observe the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens and honestly perform the high duties of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan entrusted to me."

2. The oath shall be taken on the second Wednesday of January in a ceremonial atmosphere in the presence of the deputies of Parliament, the members of the Constitutional Council, the judges of the Supreme Court, as well as all former Presidents of the Republic. In the case, stipulated by article 48 of the Constitution, the person who assumes the powers of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall take the oath within one month from the day of assumption of the powers of the President of the Republic.

3. The powers of the President of the Republic shall terminate from the moment the newly -elected President of the Republic takes office as well as in the case of early discharge from office, resignation or death. All former Presidents of the Republic, except those who were discharged from office, shall have the title of ex-President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

4. Excluded by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998.

5. The same person may not be elected to the office of the President of the Republic more than two times in a row.

This restriction shall not apply to the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Footnote: Article 42, as amended by the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.284 dated October 7, 1998; No.254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication.)

Article 43

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall not have the right to be a deputy of a representative body, occupy other paid positions nor engage in entrepreneurial activity.

2. Excluded by Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007.

Footnote: Article 43 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 44

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall:

1) annually address the people of Kazakhstan with a message on the state of the country and the main guidelines of the domestic and foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

2) appoint regular and special elections to the Parliament of the Republic and its Chambers; convene the first session of Parliament and take the oath of its deputies to the people of Kazakhstan; convene an extraordinary session of Parliament; sign the law submitted by the Senate of Parliament within one month, promulgate the law or returns the law or some of its articles for further discussion and voting;

3) after consultations with factions of political parties represented in the Mazhilis of the Parliament, submit the candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic to the Mazhilis for approval; with the consent of the Mazhilis of the Parliament appoint the position of the Prime Minister of the Republic; dismiss the Prime Minister of the Republic; determine the structure of the Government upon the proposal of the Prime Minister; appoint members of the Government to office upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister, made after consultation with the Mazhilis of the Parliament; independently appoint ministers of foreign affairs, defense, internal affairs; dismiss members of the Government; take the oath of Government members; if necessary, preside at Governmental meetings on particularly important issues; repeal or suspend, in whole or in part, the acts of akims of regions, cities of republican significance and the capital;

4) appoint the Chairperson of the National Bank, the Prosecutor General and the Chairperson of the Committee of National Security of the Republic with the consent of the Senate of Parliament with the Parliament's consent; discharge them from office;

5) create, abolish and reorganize national bodies that are directly subordinate and accountable to the President of the Republic,

6) appoint and recall the heads of diplomatic representative offices of the Republic;

7) appoint the Chairperson and two members of the Central Election Commission, the Chairperson and two members of the Accounts Committee for Control over Implementation of the Republican Budget for a five-year term;

8) Excluded by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

9) Excluded by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

10) adopt a resolution on the conduct of the national referendum;

10-1) send an appeal to the Constitutional Council on consideration of an enacted law or other legal act on compliance with the Constitution of the Republic in the interests of protecting the rights and freedoms of person and citizen, ensuring national security, sovereignty and integrity of the state, on giving an opinion in the case provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 91 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

11) conduct negotiations and sign international agreements of the Republic; sign ratification instruments; letters of credentials and recall from diplomatic and other representatives of foreign states accredited to him;

12) act as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic, appoint and discharge the highest command of the Armed Forces from office;

13) award state decorations of the Republic; confer honorary, highest military and other ranks, ranked positions, diplomatic ranks and qualification degrees;

14) resolve issues of citizenship of the Republic, and granting of political asylum;

15) exercise the pardon of citizens;

16) take measures dictated by the above circumstances including the imposition of a state of emergency on the entire territory and in particular areas of Kazakhstan, and immediately inform the Parliament of the use of the Armed Forces of the Republic in case of a serious and immediate threat to the democratic institutions of the Republic, its independence and territorial integrity, political stability of the Republic, security of its citizens and the disruption of normal functioning of the Constitutional bodies of the state, after official consultations with the Prime Minister and Chairpersons of the Parliamentary Chambers of the Republic;

17) the President shall impose martial law on the entire territory of the Republic or in particular areas, declare a partial or total mobilization and immediately inform the Parliament of the Republic in case of aggression against the Republic or immediate external threat to its security;

18) form the State Security Service subordinate to him;

19) appoint to and discharge the State Secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan from office, determine his status and powers; form the Administration of the President of the Republic;

20) form the Security Council and other consultative and advisory bodies as well as the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan and the Supreme Judicial Council;

21) exercise other powers in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the Republic.

Footnote: See the resolutions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 10/2 dated June 30, 1999; No. 15/2 dated July 03, 2000, No. 14/2 dated November 12, 2001; No.3 dated October 18, 2010.

Footnote. Article 44 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998; No. 254 dated 21.05.2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication); No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 45

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis of and for the exercise of the Constitution and the laws, shall issue decrees and resolutions which are binding on the entire territory of the Republic.

2. Excluded by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

3. Acts of Parliament, signed by the President of the Republic, as well as acts of the President, issued on the initiative of the Government, shall be preliminarily affixed accordingly by the signature of the Chairperson of each Chamber of Parliament or the Prime Minister, who are legally responsible for the legality of these acts.

Footnote: See regulatory resolutions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 15/2 dated July 3, 2000; No. 5 dated June 26, 2008.

Footnote: See Article 45 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 46

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, his honor and dignity shall be inviolable.

2. Provision, service, and guard of the President of the Republic and his family shall be carried out at the state's expense.

3. The provisions of this article shall apply to ex-Presidents of the Republic.

4. The status and powers of the First President of Kazakhstan shall be determined by the Constitution of the Republic and Constitutional Law.

Footnote: Article 46 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 47

1. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan may be prematurely discharged from office in the case of continued incapacity to carry out his duties due to illness. In this case, the Parliament shall form a commission consisting of equal numbers of deputies from each Chamber and specialists in the corresponding areas of medicine. The decision on early discharge shall be adopted at a joint sitting of the Parliament's Chambers by the majority of not less than three quarters of the total number of deputies of each Chamber on the grounds of opinion of the commission and the Constitutional Council on compliance with the established constitutional procedures.

2. The President of the Republic shall bear responsibility for the actions performed while carrying out his duties and only in the case of high treason may be discharged from office by Parliament. The decision to bring an accusation and conduct its investigation may be adopted by the majority of the deputies of the Mazhilis at the initiative of no less, than one-third of the total number of its deputies. Investigation of the accusation shall be organized by the Senate and its results shall be transferred for consideration by the majority of votes of the total number of the deputies of the Senate at a joint session of the Parliament's Chambers. The final decision on this issue shall be adopted at a joint sitting of the Chambers of Parliament by a majority of not less than three-quarters of the total number of the deputies of each Chamber provided that the Supreme Court concludes that on the validity of the accusation and conclusion of the Constitutional Council on compliance with the established constitutional procedures. The failure to make a final decision within two months from the moment of the accusation shall result in recognition of the rejection of the allegation against the President of the Republic. The rejection of the accusation against the President of the Republic in the commission of high treason at any stage shall result in early termination of the powers of the deputies of the Mazhilis, who initiated the consideration of this issue.

3. The issue of discharge of the President of the Republic from office may not be commenced within the period of consideration by him of the issue of early termination of the powers of Parliament of the Republic or the Mazhilis of Parliament.

Footnote: Article 47 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 48

1. In case of early discharge or impeachment of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan from office as well as in the case of his death, the powers of the President of the Republic shall be transmitted for the remaining period to the Chairperson of the Senate of Parliament; if the Chairperson of the Senate is unable to assume the powers of the President, they shall pass to the Chairperson of the Mazhilis of Parliament; if the Chairperson of the Mazhilis is unable to assume the powers of the President, they shall pass to the Prime Minister of the Republic. A person who has assumed the powers of the President of the Republic, shall resign himself from the powers of the Chairperson of the Senate, the Chairperson of the Mazhilis and the Prime Minister. In this case, the filling of vacant public positions shall be carried out in the manner prescribed by the Constitution.

2. A person who has assumed the authority of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the grounds and in the manner provided by paragraph 1 of this article, shall not have the right to initiate changes and additions to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Footnote: Article 48 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998.

Section IV

Parliament

Article 49

1. The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest representative body of the Republic exercising legislative power.

2. Parliament's powers shall begin from the opening of its first session and terminate with the first session of the Parliament of a new convocation.

3. The powers of Parliament may be terminated early in cases and as stipulated by the Constitution.

4. Constitutional Law shall determine the organization and activity of Parliament as well as the legal status of its deputies.

Footnote. See the resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.13/2 dated July 14, 1999.

Footnote. Article 49 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated No. 284 dated October 7, 1998; No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 50

1. The Parliament shall consist of two Chambers: the Senate and the Mazhilis, which act on a permanent basis.

2. The Senate shall be composed of deputies in the procedure stipulated by Constitutional Law: represented by two individuals from each region, city of republic significance, and the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Fifteen deputies of the Senate shall be assigned by the President of the Republic, accounting for the need to provide in the Senate for representation of national, cultural and other significant interests of the society.

3. The Mazhilis shall consist of one hundred and seven deputies elected in the procedure established by Constitutional Law.

4. A deputy of Parliament may not be a member of both Chambers at the same time.

5. The term of powers of the Senate’s deputies shall be six years, and the term of the deputies of the Mazhilis shall be five years.

Footnote. See the resolutions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.1/2 dated March 15, 1999; No.24/2 dated November 29, 1999; No.1 dated February 11, 2003; No.1 dated February 12, 2004.

Footnote. Article 50 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated No. 284 dated October 7, 1998; No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 51

1. Election of the ninety-eight deputies of the Mazhilis shall be carried out by the universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. Nine deputies of the Mazhilis shall be elected by the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. Regular elections of the deputies of the Mazhilis shall be held no later than two months before the expiry of the term of powers of the current Parliament convocation.

2. The election of deputies of the Senate shall be carried out on the basis of indirect suffrage by secret ballot. Half of the elected deputies of the Senate shall be re-elected every three years. In this case, their regular elections shall be held no later than two months before the expiry of their term of office.

3. Extraordinary elections of the deputies of Parliament or the Mazhilis of Parliament shall be held within two months from the day of early termination of the powers of Parliament or the Mazhilis of Parliament respectively.

4. A deputy of Parliament may be a person who is a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan and who has been a permanent resident for the last ten years on its territory. A deputy of the Senate may be a person who has reached thirty years of age, has a higher education and length of service of not less than five years, and has been a permanent resident for not less than three years on the territory of the respective region, city of republic significance or the capital of the Republic. A deputy of the Mazhilis may be a person who has reached twenty-five years of age.

5. Constitutional Law shall regulate elections of the deputies of the Parliament of the Republic.

6. A deputy of Parliament shall take an oath before the people of Kazakhstan.

Footnote. See the resolutions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 5/2 dated March 18, 1999; No. 24/2 dated November 29, 1999; No. 1 dated February 11, 2003.

Footnote. Article 51 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998; No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 52

1. Excluded by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated No. 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

2. Deputies of Parliament are obliged to take part in its work. Voting in Parliament shall be carried out by the deputy only in person. The absence of a deputy without a clear reason at meetings of the Chambers and their bodies more than three times, as well as the transfer of the right to vote, entails the application to the deputy of statutory measures of punishment.

3. A deputy of Parliament shall not have the right to be a deputy of another representative body, occupy other paid positions, except teaching, research, and creative activities, be engaged in entrepreneurial activity, be a member of a governing body or a supervisory board of a commercial organization. Violation of this rule shall entail the termination of a deputy's powers.

4. A deputy of Parliament during the term of his office may not be arrested, subject to detention, measures of administrative punishment imposed judicially, charged with criminal liability without the consent of a respective Chamber except for cases of being detained at the scene of a crime or the commission of serious crimes.

5. The powers of a deputy of the Parliament shall be terminated in cases of resignation, death, being recognized as incapable, dead or untraceable by a valid judgment of the court, and in other cases stipulated by the Constitution and the Constitutional Law.

A deputy of the Parliament shall be deprived of his mandate in cases of:

1) his departure for permanent residence beyond the Republic of Kazakhstan;

2) the entry into force against him of a conviction rendered by a court ;

3) loss of citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

A deputy of the Mazhilis of Parliament shall be deprived of his mandate in cases of:

1) withdrawal or expulsion of a deputy from a political party, from which, in accordance with constitutional law, he has been elected;

2) termination of a political party, from which, in accordance with constitutional law, he has been elected.

The powers of appointed deputies of the Senate of Parliament may be terminated early by the decision of the President of the Republic.

The powers of the deputies of Parliament and the Mazhilis of Parliament shall be terminated early in cases of dissolution of Parliament and the Mazhilis of Parliament respectively.

6. Preparation of issues concerning the application of penalty measures to the deputies, their compliance with the requirements of item 3 of this article, rules of deputy ethics, as well as termination of the deputies' powers and deprivation of their powers and deputy inviolability, shall be imposed by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Footnote. See the resolutions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 7/2 dated May 17, 2001; No. 19/2 dated December 13, 2001; No. 10 dated January 30, 2003; No. 1 dated February 11, 2003; No. 5 dated May 12, 2003; No. 9 dated August 25, 2004.

Footnote. Article 52 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 284 dated October 7, 1998; No.254 dated May 21, 2007(shall be applied from the date of its official publication).

Article 53

Parliament at a joint session of the Chambers shall:

1) introduce amendments and supplements to the Constitution pursuant to the proposal of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

2) approve the reports of the Government and the Accounts Committee for Control over Implementation of Republican Budget on the implementation of the national budget. Failure to approve the report of the Government on the execution of the Republican Budget by Parliament means that the Parliament expresses a vote of no confidence in the Government;

3) Excluded by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).);

4) take a decision on war and peace issues;

5) take the decision to use the Armed Forces of the Republic pursuant to the proposal of the President of the Republic to fulfil international obligations for the maintenance of peace and security;

6) grant a hearing of annual messages of the Constitutional Council on the state of the constitutional legality in the Republic;

7) form joint commissions of the Chambers, elect and release their chairpersons from office, hear reports on the activity of the commissions;

8) exercise other powers assigned to the Parliament by the Constitution.

Footnote. See normative resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 5 dated June 26, 2008.

Footnote. Article 53 as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be applied from the date of its official publication); as amended by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be applied from the date of its first official publication).

Article 54

1. Parliament at a separate session of the Chambers through consecutive consideration of issues first in the Mazhilis and then in the Senate shall adopt constitutional and other laws as well as:

1) Approve the national budget and make amendments and supplements thereto;

2) Establish and annul state taxes and dues;

3) Establish the rules for resolution of issues related to the administrative and territorial structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

4) Institute state awards, honorary, military and other titles, ranked positions, diplomatic ranks of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and determine state symbols of the Republic;

5) resolve issues of state loans and economic and other assistance granted by the Republic of Kazakhstan;

6) Resolve amnesty issues;

7) Ratify and denounce international treaties of the Republic.

2. The Parliament at a separate session of the Chambers through consecutive consideration of issues first in the Mazhilis and then in the Senate shall:

1) Discuss the National Budget Performance Report;

2) if a law or an article of the law gives rise to objections by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Parliament shall hold a repeated discussion and voting on the laws or articles of the law within a month from the day of the submission of any objections. Failure to comply with this term shall indicate acceptance of the President’s objections. If the Mazhilis and the Senate by a majority of two thirds of the total deputies of each Chamber approve the earlier decision, the President shall sign the law within a month. If neither of the two Chambers votes against the President's objections, the law shall be deemed either rejected or adopted in the wording proposed by the President. If the Head of State has any objections to constitutional laws adopted by the Parliament, these shall be considered in the procedure stipulated by this sub-item. If the President has objections to the constitutional laws, these may be rejected by a vote of at least three quarters of the total membership of each chamber.

3) Initiate the national referendum.

Footnote: Article 54 in the wording of Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan N 254 dated 21.05.2007 (shall be enacted from the day of its official publication); see regulatory resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan No 8 dated 15.10.2008.

Article 55

The following shall be the exclusive responsibility of the Senate:

1) Election and release from office of the Chairperson of the Supreme Court and judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan upon the recommendation of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and swearing them into office;

1-1) election of The Human Rights Commissioner in Kazakhstan for a five-year term and his release from office upon the recommendation of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

2) approval of the President’s nominees for Chairperson of the National Bank, Prosecutor General and the Chairperson of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

3) removal of immunity of the Prosecutor General, the Chairperson and judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic;

4) has been excluded pursuant to the RoK Law dated May 21, 2007 N 254, (is enacted from the date of its official publishing);

5) performance of the Parliament’s functions with regard to adoption of constitutional and other laws, when the Mazhilis is absent due to the early termination of its powers;

6) performance of other powers that have been conferred upon the Senate by the Constitution. .

Footnote: See resolution N 11/2 of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 5, 2000.

Footnote: Article 55 as amended by Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan N 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be enacted from the day of its official publication); No. 51-VI dated March 3, 2017(shall be enacted from the day of its first official publication).

Article 56

1. The following shall be the exclusive responsibility of the Mazhilis:

1) The decision to consider draft constitutional and other laws submitted to Parliament and the consideration of such laws.;

2) acceptance of the President's candidate for Prime Minister by a majority vote of the total number of deputies of the Chamber. ;

3) Announcement of the regular Presidential elections in the Republic;

4) performance of other powers that have been conferred upon the Mazhilis by the Constitution.

2. Upon the proposal of at least one fifth of its total membership, the Mazhilis is empowered to adopt by a simple majority of its total membership, a vote of no confidence in the Government.

Footnote: Article 56 as amended pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan N 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be enacted from the day of its official publication.

Article 57

Each of the Parliament Chambers shall independently, without participation from the other Chamber:

1) appoint two members of the Constitutional Council; appoint two members of the Central Election Commission for a five-year term; and appoint three members of the Accounts Committee for Control over Implementation of the Republican Budget;

2) delegate half of the members of the commission formed by Parliament in the case provided for in Article 47.1 of the Constitution;

3) elect half the members of joint commissions of the Chambers;

4) terminate the powers of the Chambers’ deputies, and upon recommendation of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Kazakhstan, resolves the issues of their immunity removal;

5) hold Parliamentary hearings on the issues of its responsibilities;

6) have the right, on the initiative of a vote by at least one third of the total membership, to hear the reports of the Government on their performance. After the hearings, a majority of at least two-thirds vote of the total membership of the Chamber, is entitled to adopt the request of the President of the Republic to remove from office the member of the Government who failed to comply with the legislation of the Republic. The President shall then dismiss that member.

7) establish the coordinating and working bodies of the Chambers; and

8) adopt the regulations of their activities, other decisions on the issues of the Chamber structure and the internal code of conduct.

Footnote: Article 57 as amended pursuant to the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan N 284 dated October 7, 1998; N 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be enacted from the day of its official publication); N 51-VI dated March 10, 2017 (shall be enacted from the day of its first official publication).

Article 58

1. The Chambers shall be headed by their chairpersons, who are elected by the Senate and the Mazhilis from among the deputies who are fluent in the state language, by a secret vote of a majority of the total membership. The Senate Chairperson shall be nominated by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Mazhilis Chairperson shall be nominated by the Chamber deputies.

2. The Chairpersons of the Chambers may be released from office and are entitled to submit their resignation by way of a majority vote by the Chambers.

3. The Chairpersons of Parliament's Chambers shall:

1) convene and chair sessions of the Chambers;

2) exercise general supervision of the issues subject to consideration by the Chambers;

3) nominate the Deputy Chairs of the Chambers;

4) ensure the respect for the regulations by Chambers in their activity;

5) supervise the activity of the coordinating bodies of the Chambers;

6) sign acts issued by the Chambers;

7) nominate the members of the Constitutional Council, the Central Election Commission and the Accounts Committee for Control over Implementation of the Republican Budget;

8) comply with other duties entrusted by the Regulation of Parliament.

4. The Mazhilis Chairperson shall:

1) open the sessions of Parliament;

2) convene regular joint sessions of the Chambers and chair the regular and extraordinary joint sessions of the Chambers.

5. The Chairpersons of the Chambers shall issue instructions on the matters of their responsibility.

Footnote: Article 58 as amended pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan N 254 dated May 21, 2007 (shall be enacted from the day of its official publication).

Article 59

1. Parliamentary sessions shall proceed in the form of joint and separate sessions of the Chambers.

2. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall convene the first session no later than thirty days after the election results are published.

3. The regular sessions of the Parliament shall be held once a year from the first business day of September to the last business day of June.

4. Generally the session of Parliament shall be opened by the President of the Republic and closed at joint sessions of the Senate and Mazhilis. During the intersession period, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, either on his own initiative, or at the suggestion of one of the Chairpersons or at least one-third of the total membership of the Parliament, is entitled to convene an extraordinary session of Parliament. Only the issues that were the reason for the convocation shall be considered at this session.

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