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wisconsinprelawland-blog · 4 years

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Legalizing Sex Work

By Mersadie Murray, University of Wisconsin-Platteville Class of 2020

September 10, 2020

Democratic Vice President candidate, Kamala Harris, made history in March when she declared her support for decriminalizing sex work in the United States. She became the first United States presidential candidate to announce she is in favor of decriminalizing sex work publicly. Despite many voters suspicion of this stance due to her opposition to ending prostitution arrests in San Francisco in 2008, her public support throughout the 2020 presidential campaign could spark a long-needed debate on the issue.

With the exception of certain areas in Nevada, the United States views prostitution and other types of sex work as a crime. However, many sex workers and advocates for decriminalization, including the World Health Organization and Amnesty International, hope that the campaign and election of 2020 could help elevate their voices (Garsd, 2019).

In the past few months, bills to decriminalize prostitution have been introduced or reintroduced in Washington D.C., New York, and Vermont and are awaiting a vote (Elletson, 2020). in December of 2019, the federal government introduced the SAFE SEX Worker’s Study Act (SSWSA) (Congressional Research Service, 2020). This study act came as a response to SESTA-FOSTA-- a bill introduced last year that limited online resources sex workers utilized for “screening” their clients, among other things (Holston-Zannell, 2020). The goal of the SSWSA is to research how SESTA-FOSTA may have negatively impacted sex workers both physically and financially (CRS, 2020).

Two strategies are talked about often when discussing models of decriminalization: The “Nordic Model” and complete decriminalization. Countries that use the Nordic Model, like Norway and Sweden, legalize selling sex, and criminalize buying sex (Demand Abolition, 2020). Proponents of this model believe that the demand for prostitutes will decrease if there is a fear of legal action coupled with the immunity of the prostitute. Prostitutes would no longer feel the need to keep quiet since they are not committing a crime. One study found that utilizing the Nordic Model in Sweden reduced street prostitution by 50% (Demand Abolition, 2020). In addition, the Nordic Model views prostitutes as victims of their circumstance, believing that they are a vulnerable population who had no other choice but to sell their bodies for sex.

Critics of the Nordic Model, including many sex workers, acknowledge that sex work is work and needed as income to survive. A study conducted in New Zealand found that 73% of sex workers relied on the income to pay for household expenses (Demand Abolition, 2020). As writer and filmmaker Bishakha Datta states, “When adult women say sex work is a form of livelihood or commerce rather than coercion, we need to put aside our discomforts and listen to them. When these women say that the harm in sex work comes not from the act of selling sex, but from the stigma and violence surrounding it because of its illegal and hidden nature, we must hear them (Datta & Post, 2013).”

Those against the Nordic Model also claim that the majority of sex workers are not victims. While some sex workers may have been forced into prostitution when they were young, one survey of 3,000 sex workers found that 71 percent entered the industry willingly (Datta & Post, 2013). RJ Thompson, a former escort, does not view himself as a victim. In fact, he described the work as liberating. Thompson graduated law school during the 2008 recession and turned to sex work to pay his bills and student loans after being laid off from his job at a nonprofit. He can admit that many sex workers are in vulnerable situations but attributes that to the criminalization. “Many street-based workers are migrants or transgender people who have limited options in the formal economies,” he states. “And so they do sex work for survival. And it puts them in a very vulnerable position-- the fact that it’s criminalized (Garsd, 2019).” Therefore, many sex workers and activists are pushing for complete decriminalization.

New Zealand completely decriminalized prostitution in 2003 with the passage of The New Zealand Prostitution and Reform Act (PRA). Five years later, they conducted a study that found the sex industry did not increase in size as some feared, and “the vast majority of people involved in the sex industry are better off under the PRA than they were previously.” Another study found that over 90 percent of New Zealand sex workers believed the PRA gave them employment, legal, health, and safety rights (Crichton, 2015). To add, 64 percent stated that it was now easier to refuse clients. Another essential shift attributed to the passage of PRA is the dynamic between sex workers and the police. Fifty-seven percent of sex workers believed that police attitudes changed positively. Catherine Healy, the national coordinator of the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective, stated about police officers, “the focus on the sex worker wasn’t the sex worker as a criminal. It was on the rights, safety, health, and well being of the sex worker (Crichton, 2015).” To many street workers, the decriminalization of their work allowed them to maintain standards and regulations, just like would be seen in any other job. They now have workers’ rights.

Many opponents of decriminalization fear that prostitution is inherently violent, whether it is legal or not. One study that interviewed sex workers in New Zealand found that most did not feel that decriminalization deterred the violence they face through their work. In addition to a continued presence of violence, prostitutes in New Zealand did not observe that legalizing sex work reduced the stigma they face, and most still did not disclose their occupation to healthcare professionals (Demand Abolition, 2020).

Feminist groups strongly believe that prostitution adds to the issue of gender-based violence since the majority of prostitutes are female, and most buyers are male (Demand Abolition, 2020). Diane Post, an international human rights attorney, describes prostitution as a systematic failure for women. “Prostitution is a symptom of the problem itself,” she says. “The problem is patriarchy, inequality, discrimination, inequitable distribution of resources, religious control, and fear of women (Datta & Post, 2013).”

Another argument for keeping sex work criminalized is the prevalence of human trafficking in countries with legalized prostitution. A study of 150 countries found that there is a higher incidence of trafficking flow in places where prostitution is legalized (Cho, S. et al., 2013). The researchers of the study conclude that this is because of an increase in the prostitution market. Admittedly, the researchers also state that “such a line of argumentation overlooks potential benefits that the legalization of prostitution might have on those employed in the industry (Cho, S. et al., 2013).”

While it is clear that there is much research to be done on whether or not sex work should be decriminalized, it can be agreed upon that it is time that this topic is on presidential candidates’ agenda. And it appears that it will be. In January of 2020, Data for Progress, ACLU, and the Human Rights Campaign and other organizations published a report that claimed, “For the first time in presidential primary history, 2020 candidates have competed for a progressive position on the sex trade (Lennard, 2020).” And it isn’t just politicians who are contemplating a change in the future and legality of sex work. A national poll conducted by Data for Progress and YouGov found 52 percent of all voters (two-thirds of voters aged 18-44) somewhat or strongly support decriminalizing sex work (Lennard, 2020). Like most political issues, attitudes on sex work are continually changing with each new generation. It is the responsibility of elected officials to discuss these issues and create policies based on research and their representation of voters.

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Cho, S, Dreher, A & Neumayer, E. (2013, January). Does legalized prostitution increase human trafficking? World Development, 41(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.023

Congressional Research Service. (2020) SAFE SEX Workers Study Act. https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/senate-bill/11

Crichton, F. (2015, August 21) Decriminalizing sex work in New Zealand: its history and impact. OpenDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/decriminalising-sex-work-in-new-zealand-its-history-and-impact/

Datta, B. & Post, D. (2013). Should prostitution be legalized? New Internationalist, 461, 28–30.

Demand Abolition. (2020). Why prostitution shouldn’t be legal. Demand abolition. https://www.demandabolition.org/research/evidence-against-legalizing-prostitution/

Elletson, G. (2020, January 3). Sex work decriminalization bill introduced. VTDigger. https://vtdigger.org/2020/01/03/sex-work-decriminalization-bill-introduced/

Garsd, J. (2019, March 22). Should sex work be decriminalized? Some activists say it’s time. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/03/22/705354179/should-sex-work-be-decriminalized-some-activists-say-its-time

Holston-Zannell, L.B. (2020, June 10). Sex work is a real work, and it’s time to treat it that way. ACLU. https://www.aclu.org/news/lgbt-rights/sex-work-is-real-work-and-its-time-to-treat-it-that-way/

Lennard, N. (2020, January 30). The majority of voters now support decriminalizing sex work. It’s about time. The intercept. https://theintercept.com/2020/01/30/sex-workers-decriminalization-fosta-sesta/

*Newspaper Clipping Credit* S.F. rejects legalization of prostitution. (2008). Contemporary Sexuality, 42(12), 13.

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mycelebritylifeus · 4 years

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How to Harness Your Anxiety

The Healthy Anxious Person

By Linda Esposito LCSW

Four key mindsets rule the day. How to Use Your Emotional Superpowers

By Julia Englund Strait Ph.D.

Fear and anxiety don’t have to be your kryptonite. Are You Feeling Overwhelmed?

By Diane Dreher Ph.D.

Research shows how…

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sheshyped · 4 years

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“In nature everything is valuable; everything has its place. The rose, the daisy, the lark, the squirrel - each is different but beautiful. Each has its own expression. Each flower it's own fragrance. Each bird it's own song. So you too have your own unique melody.” ~ Diane Dreher #squirrel #squirrelsofinstagram #nofilter #cute #sweet #daisy #nature #naturephotography #naturelovers #nature_perfection #photography #beautiful #pretty #love #happy #instagood #instadaily #travel #travelphotography #travelgram #instanature #instatravel #instamood #art #instaart #inspiration #flowers #flowerstagram #flowerpower #itsthesmallthings https://www.instagram.com/p/B3yBCdLhj3o/?igshid=nxa8xh42tk38

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gardenofthefareast · 7 years

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The Tao of Inner Peace by Diane Dreher The Tao of Inner Peace translates the ancient Eastern philosophy into a plan for contemporary Western living. Diane Dreher, Ph.D., shows the way to: * Bring greater joy, fulfillment, and creativity to daily life

#tao

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itunesbooks · 5 years

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Inner Gardening - Diane Dreher

Inner Gardening The Tao Of Personal Renewal Diane Dreher Genre: Gardening Price: $6.99 Publish Date: October 13, 2009 Publisher: HarperCollins e-books Seller: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHERS Whether you're a first-time gardener or a veteran, you'll find something to inspire you in this beautifully written book that reveals the myriad ways in which working in a garden can enhance your life and deepen your connection to the world. Season by season, Diane Dreher leads you through a journey of peace and renewal. A monthly set of gardening tasks helps you plan, design, and care for your garden, along with illuminating details of gardening history, lore, and tradition. But here you'll also find ways to tend your own inner garden: how to plant seeds of ideas and dreams, weed out bad habits, and design new challenges one step at a time. Brimming with life-enhancing strategies and filled with words of wisdom that will invigorate your spirit, Inner Gardening is a book to treasure and use every day, indoors and out. http://bit.ly/2NZO8wq

#Gardening

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docrotten · 5 years

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Review of Godzilla King of the Monsters on Horror News Radio 327

This week on Horror News Radio:

Sharks attack again in 47 METERS DOWN: UNCAGED,

Harold the Scarecrow rises in SCARY STORIES TO TELL IN THE DARK,

And the Grue-Crew review… GODZILLA: KING OF THE MONSTERS

This is HORROR NEWS RADIO, the official GRUESOME MAGAZINE podcast. Back with Doc Rotten once again are the scariest, goriest, bloodiest co-hosts on the 'Net.

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And award-winning filmmaker and host of Decades of Horror 1980s, Christopher G. Moore.

And Podcasting Rock Star and International Cosplay Queen, Vanessa Thompson.

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Christopher G. Moore shares his visit to CON CAROLINAS - May 31 - June 2, Charlotte NC

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HORROR NEWS OF THE WEEK

[TRAILER] More terror 47 METERS DOWN: UNCAGED

https://www.slashfilm.com/47-meters-down-uncaged-trailer/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhOJXUmvLQ8

[TRAILER] More fear with SCARY STORIES TO TELL IN THE DARK

https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3564945/second-scary-stories-tell-dark-trailer-unleashes-series-terrifying-nightmares/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vlya92LZqZw

[TRAILER] A24 dresses up the fright with IN FABRIC

https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3563701/trailer-fabric-a24s-hot-new-horror-movie-haunted-dress/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=biHUTtV4K40

[NETFLIX] A return to Jim Henson's THE DARK CRYSTAL

https://www.slashfilm.com/the-dark-crystal-age-of-resistance-trailer-jim-hensons-puppet-fantasy-world-makes-a-stunning-return/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSV42j8lccg

[RUMORS] HANNIBAL Season 4, to be or not to be

https://bloody-disgusting.com/tv/3564054/bryan-fuller-assures-no-one-given-hannibal-returning-television/

[COMING SOON] Blumhouse to tell our future with MAGIC 8-BALL

https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3565084/shake-ball-die-blumhouse-turning-iconic-magic-8-ball-toy-feature-film/

[NETFLIX ] Can Adam Sandler save Halloween in HUBIE HALLOWEEN?

https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3564535/adam-sandler-heads-salem-massachusetts-save-halloween-netflixs-hubie-halloween/

FEATURE TOPIC: Godzilla King of the Monsters

The crypto-zoological agency Monarch faces off against a battery of god-sized monsters, including the mighty Godzilla, who collides with Mothra, Rodan, and his ultimate nemesis, the three-headed King Ghidorah.

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Directors: Michael Dougherty

Cast:

Kyle Chandler … Mark Russell

Vera Farmiga … Dr. Emma Russell

Millie Bobby Brown … Madison Russell

Ken Watanabe … Dr. Ishiro Serizawa

Ziyi Zhang … Dr. Ilene Chen and Dr. Ling

Bradley Whitford … Dr. Rick Stanton

Sally Hawkins … Dr. Vivienne Graham

Charles Dance … Jonah Alan

Thomas Middleditch … Sam Coleman

Aisha Hinds … Colonel Diane Foster

O'Shea Jackson Jr. … Chief Warrant Officer Barnes

David Strathairn … Admiral William Stenz

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narcbrain · 5 years

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Why Do So Many College Students Have Anxiety Disorders?

Source: Diane Dreher photo

A recent article in the New York Times reported that 60 percent of today’s college students suffer from anxiety disorders and psychological distress (Wolverton, 2019).

What has caused this dramatic escalation of anxiety in our young people? Some explanations might be early childhood trauma, a biochemical imbalance, or the stress of economic insecurity and…

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#Anxiety #college #Disorders #Students

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saltysuittaco-blog · 6 years

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Too Much to Do in Too Little Time?

Source: Diane Dreher photo

Rushing through our days, racing around from one task to another, too many of us are time-stressed, feeling we have too much to do in too little time.

This feeling of “time famine” (Perlow, 1999), has been linked to numerous health issues including chronic stress, difficulty delaying gratification, sleep deprivation, and relationship problems (Rudd, Vohs, &…

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#Time

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lucawhitty-blog · 6 years

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Too Much to Do in Too Little Time?

Source: Diane Dreher photo

Rushing through our days, racing around from one task to another, too many of us are time-stressed, feeling we have too much to do in too little time.

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#Time

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cnexportbusiness · 6 years

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Chiropractors Help Texas Residents from Managing Back Pain to Losing Weight

Round Rock, TX – Is it possible to get treatment for musculoskeletal conditions without surgical treatments and prescription drugs? Skeptics may think otherwise but patients who benefit from chiropractic treatments have only increased in the past several years. A reliable Round Rock chiropractor has proven of great value to the residents of the city. Not only do they help athletes, seniors, and individuals who were physically constrained by an accident, but they also prove to be helpful in more unexpected ways.

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Schedule an appointment from Monday to Friday by calling them at 512-906-2682. For questions, email [email protected].

Media Contact Company Name: MySpine Chiropractic Center Contact Person: Tyler Dreher, D.C. Email: [email protected] Phone: 512-906-2682 Address:3000 Joe DiMaggio Blvd #26 City: Round Rock State: Texas Country: United States Website: myspinecc.com/

The post Chiropractors Help Texas Residents from Managing Back Pain to Losing Weight appeared first on Daily Press Release News To Whole World.

from Daily Press Release News To Whole World https://www.dailyprnews.com/chiropractors-help-texas-residents-from-managing-back-pain-to-losing-weight/

#DailyPRNews #Daily Press Release News To Whole World

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