#emir shah

[postoctobrist]

Hey this is a weird thing to ask but you seem like you would know (based on the time on WTYP you started explaining Wahabism): what ARE the Taliban? What's up with them philosophically, who/what is Talib(?), etc. All the American education system ever taught me was "the Evil Government of Afghanistan who we are righteously overthrowing, oo-rah, USA!, etc."

So a ‘talib’ is a student of an Islamic religious school, ‘taliban’ just means ‘students’. That’s where they started out, a network of religious schools in southern and eastern Afghanistan.

Who they are and what they believe is sort of the same question - when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, they provoked a huge resistance that was essentially Islamist in character, both because Afghanistan was already a conservative and religious place, because it was now suddenly full of Russian atheist communists doing war crimes, and because the intelligence services of the US, Pakistan and several Arab countries saw an opportunity to stick it to the Soviets. You can loosely call all of these insurgents ‘mujahideen,’ ‘guys who do jihad,’ and like a lot of insurgencies it depended on individual leaders holding together coalitions of tribal and ethnic loyalties. A lot of these leaders were also not what you might call good guys themselves.

The insurgents win, the Soviets get forced out of Afghanistan, and what follows is an immediate and brutal civil war to determine who gets control of what’s left. The Taliban are in an interesting position because they hate all the warlords equally and have been themselves propped up by particularly Pakistani intelligence, who see them as controllable. They also benefit from a lot of the traditional popularity fascists get: they seem personally clean, orderly, they’re going to restore tradition and brutally punish the right people. They actually seem serious about being Muslims, which matters if you are a serious Muslim and have previously been beholden to a bribe-taking rapist blasphemer. We saw some of these dynamics again with the rise of Daesh/ISIS/whatever. And while they’re mostly Pashtun they’re far less tribalist and far more able to incorporate members of other ethnicities. Yeah, they seem a bit weird and foreign and alienating and they have this look in their eyes, but you should see the other guy.

Anyway, the Taliban win the civil war and establish the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. It’s really bad. Their idea of government is extremely strict, theocratic, and perhaps most of all misogynistic. You get a lot of executions, women being stoned to death in football stadiums, things of this nature. They rule Afghanistan in this way for years but resistance continues from former warlords, most notably a guy called Ahmad Shah Massoud, ‘Afghanistan’s George Washington.’ They successfully assassinate Massoud on September 10th, 2001, with a bomb concealed in a TV camera during an interview.

Unfortunately for the Taliban, they had also welcomed back into Afghanistan an old Saudi mujahid called Osama bin Laden so that he had somewhere to do his side hustle, something called ‘the base,’ ‘al-Qaeda,’ and the day after their big triumph he does something else.

[REEL MISSING] Anyway now they’re back and Afghanistan is an Islamic Emirate again. Foreign policy feels great, doesn’t it?

#afghanistan #taliban #history #please correct me I’m sure I have some of this wrong

[ingek73]

Royals made almost £2m from sale of horses received as gifts from prominent figures

Palace insists horses given to late queen, including 34 from emir of Dubai, were ‘personal gifts’

King Charles III and his late mother, Queen Elizabeth II, appear to have made almost £2m from the sale of horses that were gifts from prominent figures.

The Guardian has identified more than 40 horses that were apparently given to the queen by a Dubai sheikh, a Muslim religious leader and a Saudi royal.

Some of the horses were sold for profit by the queen, who was a passionate enthusiast for breeding and racing thoroughbreds. Others have been auctioned by the king, who in recent months has been selling some of the horses inherited from his mother, which are estimated to be worth at least £27m.

The queen’s most generous provider of racing and breeding stock by far is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, the emir of Dubai and prime minister of the United Arab Emirates. He appears to have been the source of at least 34 horses given to the royals.

The Aga Khan, Prince Shah Karim al-Husseini, the spiritual head of Shia Ismaili Muslims, appears to have given the royal family five horses, including Estimate, who gave the queen one of her most memorable victories on the track, in the 2013 Gold Cup at Royal Ascot.

Estimate (L), ridden by Ryan Moore, wins the Gold Cup at Ascot in 2013. Photograph: Tom Jenkins/The Guardian

The queen also received a horse from Denford Stud, which is owned by Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia, a half-brother of the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman; and another from a breeding operation owned by Qatar’s al-Thani family.

In total, 41 horses that raced in the royal colours over the last 15 years were given to Elizabeth, according to a Guardian analysis.

Of those, 29 went under the hammer at a public auction at some point over the past decade, realising a total of £1.93m.

Buckingham Palace indicated that it regards the horses given to the queen as private gifts. A spokesperson said: “Personal gifts given to Queen Elizabeth by those who knew her late majesty privately would remain private, as they would for any other individual.”

They said the monarchy’s gifts policy “makes very clear that gifts are classed as personal when they are given by people whom the member of the royal family knows privately and not during, or in connection with, an official engagement or duty.”

What are the rules on gifts for the royal family?

The policy, introduced in 1995, distinguishes between “official gifts”, which are generally those received in connection with a royal’s official role or during the course of a formal engagement, and “personal gifts”, received from people who members of the royal family know personally, which are not publicly declared.

However, the gifts of horses to the queen raise questions about whether the policy is sufficiently clear to deal with circumstances in which the relationship between the Windsors and their benefactors is more blurred.

The queen’s relationships with Sheikh Mohammed and the Aga Khan were arguably both official and personal, having been developed through formal encounters and a mutual interest in horse racing.

Queen Elizabeth II and Sheikh Mohammed at Epsom in 2011. Photograph: David M Benett/Getty Images

Sheikh Mohammed met the queen on several official occasions, according to the Court Circular, including at a reception in Buckingham Palace in November 2009, and in Abu Dhabi the following year when he hosted the queen and Prince Philip at the official launch of the design for the Zayed National Museum.

All the queen’s horses … and their £27m value to the new king

The queen and Sheikh Mohammed also attended the official signing of a “friendship treaty” at the Emirates Palace hotel in 2010. They appeared at various racing events in the UK, including at Royal Ascot in 2009 when Sheikh Mohammed joined the queen, Philip and Prince Andrew in their carriage.

Their relationship became more complicated in 2020 after Sheikh Mohammed was found by the high court to have abducted two of his own daughters and subjected his ex-wife to a campaign of intimidation. Palace officials subsequently briefed that the queen would no longer allow herself to be photographed with Sheikh Mohammed.

The court later awarded his ex-wife sole custody of their children after concluding that Sheikh Mohammed had used the military spyware Pegasus to carry out cyber-attacks on her and her lawyers, and published threatening poetry about her. A judge concluded he should have no face-to-face contact with the children, on account of his “abusive behaviour”.

Between 2013 and 2015, three horses presented to the queen by the Aga Khan, were sold for between £2,625 and £14,700.

The Aga Khan in London in 2019. Photograph: Jeff Spicer/AFP/Getty Images

The queen and Prince Philip hosted the Aga Khan and his family at a dinner party at Buckingham Palace in July 2008 to celebrate his golden jubilee. Ten years later, she hosted him at another dinner party, this time at Windsor Castle, for his diamond jubilee. Both were official engagements documented in the Court Circular.

The queen appears to have had a long history of accepting – and at times even demanding – horses as gifts. The Times reported two years ago that she accepted gift horses from Sheikh Mohammed even after his wife fled to London.

Last month, the German magazine Der Spiegel said it had found state papers documenting how the queen had asked for two horses as a gift while on a state visit to West Germany in 1978. The country’s president approved the gift in the interests of good relations, despite it being the most expensive gift given to a visiting head of state since the end of the second world war.

Susan Hawley, the executive director of Spotlight, a transparency campaign group, said UK ministers would generally be expected to publicly declare similar gifts and, if they wanted to keep them, reimburse the government. She said it was “not at all clear” why royals should be subject to different guidelines.

“Rules on not accepting gifts and disclosing any that are made are there for a purpose – to protect the reputation of the UK and its public institutions from accusations of being open to influence to the highest bidder,” she said.

WTF sells a gift. For profit.

Thats just rude.

#queen elizabath #king charming #abolish the monarchy #cost of the crown #the guardian

[edxsaens]

Wadi Shah, RAS AL KHAIMAH

Nestled in the rugged beauty of the United Arab Emirates, the imposing Jebel Jais stands as a testament to nature's grandeur. Rising proudly in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, this majestic mountain offers intrepid adventurers a trekking experience like no other. Join us as we unravel the story of conquering heights and exploring the breathtaking landscapes of Jebel Jais.

Jebel Jais, the highest peak in the UAE, is a destination that beckons both nature enthusiasts and thrill-seekers alike. With its summit reaching an impressive 1,934 meters above sea level, this mountain promises panoramic vistas that extend far beyond the imagination. As you ascend its slopes, the air grows crisper, and the landscape transforms from arid plains to rocky terrains adorned with hardy flora.

Before embarking on your Jebel Jais trekking adventure, it's important to be well-prepared. Ensure you have appropriate hiking gear, including sturdy footwear, a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water. The weather can vary, so layering your clothing is advisable. And don't forget your camera – the vistas are simply too stunning not to capture.

Embarking on the Jebel Jais trek is not merely a physical journey; it's an exploration of the senses. The trekking trails on Jebel Jais cater to various fitness levels, making it accessible to both seasoned hikers and those new to the world of trekking. Each step forward unveils a tapestry of sights and sensations that evolve as you ascend.

The trek can be tailored to your preferences, with options ranging from moderate routes that offer a balanced challenge to more strenuous paths that put your endurance to the test. Whichever route you choose, you'll be rewarded with striking vistas of the surrounding mountains, deep valleys, and the azure waters of the Gulf in the distance.

Reaching the summit of Jebel Jais is an achievement that transcends the physical. Standing atop this mighty peak, you'll find a profound sense of accomplishment and a connection to the raw power of nature. As you gaze out from the highest point in the UAE, the world seems both vast and intimate – a reminder of your journey's significance.

Guided treks are available for those seeking expert assistance and local insights. These guides not only navigate the trails but also share tales of the region's history and culture, enriching your experience.

Trekking Jebel Jais in Ras Al Khaimah is an endeavor that rewards the spirit and the senses. From the rugged landscapes to the exhilarating climb, every moment spent on this mountain is a testament to the beauty of the UAE's natural wonders. So, whether you're a seasoned hiker seeking a new challenge or an adventurer looking to embrace the heights, Jebel Jais awaits – ready to reveal its awe-inspiring vistas and unforgettable experiences.

#travel #trekking #mountains #united arab emirates #ras al khaimah #mountaineering #photography

[marsmachtmobil42]

Title: Running With Lions

Author: Julian Winters

Page length: 307

Synopsis: Bloomington High School Lions' star goalie, Sebastian Hughes, should be excited about his senior year: His teammates are amazing and he's got a coach who doesn't ask anyone to hide their sexuality. But when his estranged childhood best friend Emir Shah shows up to summer training camp, Sebastian realizes the team's success may end up in the hands of the one guy who hates him. Determined to reconnect with Emir for the sake of the Lions, he sets out to regain Emir's trust. But to Sebastian's surprise, sweaty days on the pitch, wandering the town's streets, and bonding on the weekends sparks more than just friendship between them.

#young adult #romance #lgbtq #summer camp #gay #bisexual #sports #football #julian winters #running with lions #book recommendations #book aesthetic #moodboard #aesthetic #bookblr #booklr

[premleague]

introducing...

KAYIN AYOADE, 30. 5. CENTRE BACK. ARSENAL. THREE LIONS.

a staple in emirates stadium, it's his eleventh season playing for arsenal, and eleventh in the premier league. his england debut, in 2016, earned him the legacy cap number 1216. he's known as a stabilising force for both teams - he's vice captain for arsenal, and has played with the armband in over 10 matches (but who's counting).

TARON SHAH, 23. 9. STRIKER. CHELSEA.

an up-and-coming hotshot, he knows his worth. ever since his call up from chelsea's u20 academy, he's been making waves in the premier league. this is his fourth season in the highest tier of english football, and he expects his call up to the three lions to come any day.

JOSHUA "JOSH" ARIEL ROSEN, 28. 7. RIGHT WING. ASTON VILLA.

an everton academy product, his career has spanned eight years and three clubs - everton, from 2016 through 2019, wolverhampton, from 2020 through 2022, and now, he plays his second year at aston villa. he thinks he's found his home for the rest of his career in birmingham.

CALLUM "DUCKY" ROBINSON, 19. 48. BOX-TO-BOX. WEST HAM.

west ham's most recent call up from their academy, callum's just happy to be here. he's got a lot to learn, and he's eager to learn by experience. he didn't expect to have his career with the team that raised him, so every day he gets to put on claret and blue is a good one!

#kayin ! #taron ! #josh ! #callum !

[iztarshi]

Leroux's account of Erik's life in the epilogue is amazing and, really, I have to quote the whole thing for you.

According to the Persian's account, Erik was born in a small town not far from Rouen. He was the son of a master–mason. He ran away at an early age from his father's house, where his ugliness was a subject of horror and terror to his parents. For a time, he frequented the fairs, where a showman exhibited him as the "living corpse." He seems to have crossed the whole of Europe, from fair to fair, and to have completed his strange education as an artist and magician at the very fountain–head of art and magic, among the Gipsies. A period of Erik's life remained quite obscure. He was seen at the fair of Nijni–Novgorod, where he displayed himself in all his hideous glory. He already sang as nobody on this earth had ever sung before; he practised ventriloquism and gave displays of legerdemain so extraordinary that the caravans returning to Asia talked about it during the whole length of their journey. In this way, his reputation penetrated the walls of the palace at Mazenderan, where the little sultana, the favorite of the Shah–in–Shah, was boring herself to death. A dealer in furs, returning to Samarkand from Nijni–Novgorod, told of the marvels which he had seen performed in Erik's tent. The trader was summoned to the palace and the daroga of Mazenderan was told to question him. Next the daroga was instructed to go and find Erik. He brought him to Persia, where for some months Erik's will was law. He was guilty of not a few horrors, for he seemed not to know the difference between good and evil. He took part calmly in a number of political assassinations; and he turned his diabolical inventive powers against the Emir of Afghanistan, who was at war with the Persian empire. The Shah took a liking to him.

This was the time of the rosy hours of Mazenderan, of which the daroga's narrative has given us a glimpse. Erik had very original ideas on the subject of architecture and thought out a palace much as a conjuror contrives a trick–casket. The Shah ordered him to construct an edifice of this kind. Erik did so; and the building appears to have been so ingenious that His Majesty was able to move about in it unseen and to disappear without a possibility of the trick's being discovered. When the Shah–in–Shah found himself the possessor of this gem, he ordered Erik's yellow eyes to be put out. But he reflected that, even when blind, Erik would still be able to build so remarkable a house for another sovereign; and also that, as long as Erik was alive, some one would know the secret of the wonderful palace. Erik's death was decided upon, together with that of all the laborers who had worked under his orders. The execution of this abominable decree devolved upon the daroga of Mazenderan. Erik had shown him some slight services and procured him many a hearty laugh. He saved Erik by providing him with the means of escape, but nearly paid with his head for his generous indulgence.

Fortunately for the daroga, a corpse, half–eaten by the birds of prey, was found on the shore of the Caspian Sea, and was taken for Erik's body, because the daroga's friends had dressed the remains in clothing that belonged to Erik. The daroga was let off with the loss of the imperial favor, the confiscation of his property and an order of perpetual banishment. As a member of the Royal House, however, he continued to receive a monthly pension of a few hundred francs from the Persian treasury; and on this he came to live in Paris.

As for Erik, he went to Asia Minor and thence to Constantinople, where he entered the Sultan's employment. In explanation of the services which he was able to render a monarch haunted by perpetual terrors, I need only say that it was Erik who constructed all the famous trap–doors and secret chambers and mysterious strong–boxes which were found at Yildiz–Kiosk after the last Turkish revolution. He also invented those automata, dressed like the Sultan and resembling the Sultan in all respects, which made people believe that the Commander of the Faithful was awake at one place, when, in reality, he was asleep elsewhere.

Of course, he had to leave the Sultan's service for the same reasons that made him fly from Persia: he knew too much. Then, tired of his adventurous, formidable and monstrous life, he longed to be some one "like everybody else." And he became a contractor, like any ordinary contractor, building ordinary houses with ordinary bricks. He tendered for part of the foundations in the Opera. His estimate was accepted. When he found himself in the cellars of the enormous playhouse, his artistic, fantastic, wizard nature resumed the upper hand. Besides, was he not as ugly as ever? He dreamed of creating for his own use a dwelling unknown to the rest of the earth, where he could hide from men's eyes for all time.

Isn’t that amazing? I'm amazed.

#phantom of the opera liveblog

[greatwatersenergy]

Revolutionizing Energy Infrastructure: Gas Engineering Services in the UAE

In the heart of the Middle East lies the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a nation known for its dynamic economy, futuristic architecture, and innovative infrastructure projects. Among the critical sectors driving the UAE's progress is its energy industry, where gas plays a pivotal role. Gas Engineering Service UAE are not only shaping the nation's energy landscape but also contributing significantly to its sustainable development goals.

Gas engineering services encompass a wide array of activities, from exploration and production to distribution and utilization. In the UAE, where natural gas reserves are abundant, these services are vital for harnessing this valuable resource efficiently and responsibly.

The exploration phase involves the identification and assessment of gas reserves beneath the earth's surface. Advanced technologies such as seismic imaging and drilling techniques are employed to locate and extract gas reservoirs. In the UAE, where innovation is embraced wholeheartedly, companies invest in cutting-edge exploration methods to optimize resource discovery and extraction.

Once gas reserves are identified, the focus shifts to production, where engineers design and operate facilities to extract and process the gas. This phase demands expertise in various disciplines, including mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering. In the UAE, where ambitious projects like the Shah Gas Development demonstrate the nation's commitment to maximizing gas production, engineers work tirelessly to overcome technical challenges and ensure efficient extraction processes.

Distribution infrastructure is another crucial aspect of gas engineering services in the UAE. With a growing population and expanding industrial base, ensuring a reliable supply of gas to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers is paramount. Engineers design and construct pipelines, storage facilities, and distribution networks to transport gas safely and efficiently across the country.

The utilization of gas extends beyond mere energy production; it also encompasses applications in various industries, including petrochemicals, manufacturing, and transportation. Gas engineering services play a vital role in optimizing these processes, enhancing efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. In the UAE, where diversification is a key economic strategy, leveraging gas for industrial growth is a priority.

One of the most significant contributions of gas engineering services to the UAE is in the realm of sustainability. As the world grapples with the challenges of climate change, transitioning to cleaner energy sources is imperative. Natural gas, often touted as a cleaner alternative to coal and oil, offers a pathway to reducing carbon emissions while meeting growing energy demands. Gas Engineering Service Provider are at the forefront of this transition, driving innovations in cleaner production technologies and promoting the adoption of gas-powered vehicles and appliances.

Moreover, the UAE's commitment to sustainability is evident in its investments in renewable energy alongside traditional gas infrastructure. Projects like the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park and the Barakah Nuclear Power Plant complement the nation's gas resources, ensuring a balanced energy mix for the future.

[tsportsday]

UAE captain Aayan Afzal Khan reacts to Pakistan pacer Ubaid Shah's celebration.© X (formerly Twitter)Pakistan's star pacer Ubaid Shah shone with the ball as the team bundled out the United Arab Emirates for 193 runs in the semi-final match of the U19 Asia Cup. Right-arm pacer Shah returned figures of 4 for 44 in 9.5 overs. One of his wickets included that of UAE captain Aayan Afzal Khan, who scored 55 runs. Shah cleaned up Afzal Khan for the final wicket of the UAE innings and what followed was a fiery celebration from the pacer. He didn't shy away from expressing himself in front of the dismissed batter but the reaction of Afzal Khan was quite unexpected.While in general cases, the batters often get involved in a face-off with the bowlers, Afzal Khan came up with a unique reaction. He gave a thumbs up to pacer Shah, who was celebrating right in front of him.Watch the video here:pic.twitter.com/KMUR3gx8ho— LePakad7 (@AreBabaRe2) December 15, 2023This is not the first instance in the ongoing U19 Asia Cup in which the celebration of a Pakistani pacer has hogged limelight.An aggressive celebration was witnessed by Pakistan pacer Mohammad Zeeshan too when the team faced India in the tournament on December 10.The pacer succeeded in finding the outside edge of the bat of India batter Rudra Patel, with the ball flying into the hands of the Pakistan wicketkeeper Saad Baig. The fast bowler was extremely elated with the wicket but seemed to have let his emotions get the better of him a littleThe incident took place in 12th over. Rudra was looking to punch the ball through the covers but was beaten. The wicket-keeper made no mistake in grabbing the ball after it kissed the India star's bat.pic.twitter.com/FnqxKADkRH— LePakad7 (@AreBabaRe2) December 10, 2023Pakistan eventually beat India by 8 wickets in the game.Topics mentioned in this article

#CRICKET #SPORTS_NEWS

[thebusinesspress]

The Extradition of Former Hedge-Fund Manager Sanjay Shah

The recent extradition of former hedge-fund manager Sanjay Shah to Denmark has sparked curiosity and raised questions about the complexities of international law and financial schemes. Formerly a prominent figure in Dubai, Shah’s swift departure from the Emirate to face legal proceedings in Denmark has captured global attention. Shah’s involvement in the alleged bilking of the Danish tax system…

View On WordPress

#featured

[hetesiya]

Abdulkadir Kocadag Yazıları: Moğollarin Cengiz Sonrası Iran'ı İşgal Sebebi ile Kürdler ve Luristan'da Kürd Hanedanlığı!

Moğollarin Cengiz Sonrası Iran'ı İşgal Sebebi ile Kürdler ve Luristan'da Kürd Hanedanlığı!

Moğol Mengü Khan 1251 kurultayın'da seçildikten sonra, iki küçük biraderinden Kubilay'ı Çin, Helagü'yü ise İran- yukarı Mezopotamya ve doğal sonuç, Anadolu tarafına gönderiyor.

Bu cümle bize kurultay denilen kurumun Moğollara ait olduğunu söylüyor. Kelime zaten Moğolca. Yani Türklere ait değil, daha doğrusu Türklerde böyle bir geleneksel kurum var mı, idi, bilmiyoruz. Batılı akademisyenler Anadolu'ya ilişkin, çok şeyi Türk yapıyorlar, Menteşe'yi ilan ettikleri gibi. Oysa Cumhuriyetin hemen kuruluşu sonrası Türk milliyetçiliğinin ''tarih masasının'' fahri öğretim üyesi olan meşhur Osmanlı tarihçisi ve Türkten başkasını kabullenmeye bazen niyetli olmamış Paul Wittek bile Menteşe'nin Kürd Emir Bahaedin ya da Bahadır Bey'in oğlu olduğu gerçeğini kabulleniyor kitabında.

Üzerine çalışıyorum, uzun sürüyor bir çok konu var , ama reenkarnasyon vaziyetine girmezsem, bu yıl sonuna kadar sırayla toparlayacaklarım , yayınlayacaklarım olacak.

Devam edelim.

Moğol Khan Mengü kardeşi Helagüye şu talimatı veriyor : '' As for Helagü, his instructions were in the first place to destroy the İsmaili's and demolish their castles and then this task completed, to put down the Kurds and Lurs ; the caliph was to be attacked only if he refused to tender his allegiance.''

- İsmailileri imha etmek, kalelerini yerle bir etmek, sonra da Kürd ve Lurları bastırmak , yani canına okumak. Halife'ye ise, ancak anlaşmaya ( teslim daha doğru) yanaşmaması halinde saldırılması.

Bakın, Moğol Khan açıkça Kürd ve Lurların tepelenmesini istiyor. Ortada ne Pers lafı var, ne Arap, ne meşhur Türkmen/Oğuz , ne Türk, ne şu, ne bu.

İsmaililer kim mi ?

Onun da açıklaması var : ''Al-Baghdadi explicitly says that İsmailis recruited the Kurds of Jibal, and the Khurramis of Babak's region.’’

Meşhur Al-Baghdadi kesinlikle İsmaililer'in Jibal'in Kürdlerini örgütlediklerini söylemiş. Jibal Arapça dağ-dağlık vs ve kasdedilen ise Zagroslar, Media...

O zamanlar epeyi bir Kürd yani.

Peki Babak'ın Khurramileri kim ola acaba ?

Bir tanesinin ismini vereyim toparladığım notlarımdan: ''Babak’s one of famous supporters, may be actually a sponsor, was a Kurd, İsmi al-Kurdi, who was the Lord ( sahib) of the Marand region.''

İsmi al-Kürdi, Marand bölgesinin lordu. Babak'ın en önemli destekçisi. Müslüman değil, bir başka inançtan. Marand ve çevresi 900 yıllarının sonlarına doğu Rawwadi Kürd devletinin hükümranlığındaydı. Tebriz'in ise tamamına yakını Kürd.

Geriye kaldı Lur.

Bu halk için eski zamanlarda Kürd deniyordu. Minorsky dememeye başlayınca, iş değişmiş olmalı. Ben hemen yine kısa bir not düşeyim :''Little Luristan lay west of the R. Dizful, extending nearly to the Plain of Babylonia. Its Dynasty, called Kurshid, [was founded in 1184 by the Kurd Shodja ed-din Khurshid, and existed till Shah-Werdy lost his throne in 1593).''

Küçük Lur , R.Dizful'un batısına doğru, Babylonia düzlüklerine kadar, uzanırmış. Hükümran hanedanın ismi ise Khurshid miş. Ve 1184 yılında bir Kürd tarafından kurulmuş. 1593 te yıkılmış.

Bu Kürd devletini ben de ilgisiz bir kitabı okuyana kadır duymamıştım.

Netice itibariyle Luristan'ın çoğu vaktiyle isterse Kürd olmasın. Fakat buradan çıkan sonuç şu; Moğollar genel olarak, kendileri de tam olarak kimin ne olduğunu bilmeseler de, Kürd göçebe aşiretlerini tüm İran, yukarı Mezopotamya ve Anadolu Kürdistanından biliyorlar.

Moğollara iyi istihbarat verildiği de belli.

Bu arada tam Moğol işgali zamanında bir de Kürd olarak asıl Salahaddin'in oğul, yeğen ve torunlarının bir birilerinin gözünü oyduğu tam altı tane Kürd devleti varmış. Meşhur 19.asır Mongol tarihçisi Sir Henry H. Howorth, Moğollara karşı çıkabilecek tek gücün bu altı Kürd devleti olduğunu yazdıktan sonra , cümlesini şu sözlerle tamamlamıştı. ''Kürdlerin tarihte birleştikleri ne zaman görülmüş ki.''

Yazılacak epeyi bir konu var. Keşke gençlerden tarihle ilgilenenler çıksa, akademik ünvan alsalar ne iyi olurdu. Zamanımızda tarihi hususlarda bilgi tek başına bir anlam ifade etmiyor. Bulgular ve gerçekleri yazmanın yanında, asıl bir de çalışmanın okunması lazım. İşte burada da, bilinenlerin, doğruların görülmesi ve tartışılabilmesi için akademik titr gerekiyor, şart.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.27 (after 1940)

1940 – World War II: The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy. 1941 – The Greek National Liberation Front is established with Georgios Siantos as acting leader. 1941 – The SS Patrick Henry is launched, becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships. 1942 – Last day of the Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marines barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces. 1944 – The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II. 1949 – Zeng Liansong's design is chosen as the flag of the People's Republic of China. 1956 – USAF Captain Milburn G. Apt becomes the first person to exceed Mach 3. Shortly thereafter, the Bell X-2 goes out of control and Captain Apt is killed. 1959 – Typhoon Vera kills nearly 5,000 people in Japan. 1962 – The Yemen Arab Republic is established. 1962 – Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring is published, inspiring an environmental movement and the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1964 – The British TSR-2 aircraft XR219 makes its maiden flight. 1973 – Texas International Airlines Flight 655 crashes into the Black Fork Mountain Wilderness near Mena, Arkansas, killing all 11 people on board. 1975 – The last use of capital punishment in Spain sparks worldwide protests. 1977 – Japan Airlines Flight 715 crashes on approach to Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Malaysia, killing 34 of the 79 people on board. 1988 – The National League for Democracy is formed by Aung San Suu Kyi and others to fight dictatorship in Myanmar. 1993 – The Sukhumi massacre takes place in Abkhazia. 1996 – The Battle of Kabul ends in a Taliban victory; an Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is established. 1996 – Confusion on a tanker ship results in the Julie N. oil spill in Portland, Maine. 1998 – The Google internet search engine retroactively claims this date as its birthday. 2001 – In Switzerland, a gunman shoots 18 citizens, killing 14 and then himself. 2003 – The SMART-1 satellite is launched. 2007 – NASA launches the Dawn probe to the asteroid belt. 2008 – CNSA astronaut Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese person to perform a spacewalk. 2012 – In Minneapolis, a gunman shoots seven citizens, killing five and then himself. 2014 – The eruption of Mount Ontake in Japan occurs. 2019 – Over two million people participated in worldwide strikes to protest climate change across 2,400 locations worldwide. 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh war: Azerbaijan launched an offensive against the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, inhabited predominantly by ethnic Armenians.

#Events

[gadgetsforusesblog]

Hedge fund trader Sanjay Shah loses appeal against order to pay $1 billion in taxes

(Bloomberg) — Sanjay Shah, a hedge fund trader accused of masterminding massive tax fraud, lost an appeal in a Dubai court over an order ordering Danish authorities to pay more than 8.5 billion kroner ($1.24 billion). ) to pay. Most read from Bloomberg The Court of Cassation in Dubai this week rejected an appeal from a lower court in the emirate, the Danish tax authorities said. The authority…

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[sportsexch]

Asia Cup is in danger because of Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh is not keen to take part in the UAE

Sri Lanka, meanwhile, is being considered as an alternative venue for the championship, but the PCB appears to be hesitant to be a part of the competition if their demands aren’t met. © Getty

While things appear to be more settled regarding things to come with the World Cup in India, the future of the Asia Cup in Pakistan looks very uncertain. The recent disturbances, which came following the arrest of the former Premier Imran Khan may have caused more problems and the source of this can be traced to the hybrid strategy that has been proposed to the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) suggested in the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).

According to Cricbuzz, the PCB, the favored host, wants to hold the Asia Cup in Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates, with the various Indian cricket teams traveling to each location. However, Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) and Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) weren’t in agreement to play the games in the UAE due to the heat of September in the UAE.

Sri Lanka, meanwhile, is emerging as an alternative venue for the championships continental, however, the PCB is hesitant to be a part of the event if their demands are not fulfilled. The organization has indicated that it would withdraw in the event that the tournament is relocated. It is believed that the SLC as well as the BCB have both cited the heat as one of the reasons in September as a reason for their refusal to participate in tournaments held within the UAE however the PCB is believed to have claimed that a couple of tournaments were played in the past in September. At a meeting with BCB as well as SLC officials, PCB director Najam Sethi who was in Dubai in the past few days, mentioned that there was a fifty-over Asia Cup held in the year 2018 from September 15 until 28. For this, the BCCI was chosen as the host.

He also said that in 2022, while the SLC was hosting the event for the Asia Cup, there was an Asia Cup in the Twenty20 format that was played from August 27 until September 11. He further mentioned as evidence that the IPL was played from September through November of 2020, in the country of the desert. In addition, the PCB was believed to be the one who pushed for the hybrid model between Pakistan and UAE but if it fails, it would remove.

It’s a fact that a lot of Indian cricketers complained about the heat in the 50-over Asia Cup, which had to start at lunchtime when it is typically considered extremely humid in UAE. Other events included the Twenty20 championships that could start in the evenings.

The Board of Control of Cricket in India [BCCI], which has its administrator Jay Shah helping as the head of the ACC has not reacted to it. There is no decision taken, but from the look evidence, it appears that the event appears to be in peril.

Fore More Cricket News Update Visit at Sportsexch

#cricket news #football news #live ipl news #tennis news

[beautiful-world-travel]

Delhi

Delhi, the capital of India, is a bustling city that has something to offer everyone. From historic monuments and temples to vibrant markets and delicious street food, Delhi always leaves a lasting impression on its visitors. Whether you're a first-time traveler or a seasoned globetrotter, travel to Delhi should be on your bucket list.

Getting to Delhi

Delhi is well connected to all parts of the world through the Indira Gandhi International Airport. The airport is located about 16 km from the city center and is easily accessible by taxi or metro. There are numerous airlines that fly to Delhi from major cities in Asia, Europe, and North America. Some of the popular airlines that fly to Delhi are Air India, Emirates, British Airways, and Lufthansa. The airport also has several facilities such as lounges, restaurants, and duty-free shops to make your travel comfortable.

For those traveling within India, Delhi is well connected by rail and road. The New Delhi Railway Station is the largest railhead in the city and is the starting point of several long-distance trains. Apart from this, Delhi is also served by five other railway stations, namely the Old Delhi Station, Nizamuddin Station, Anand Vihar Station, Sarai Rohilla Station, and Hazrat Nizamuddin Station. There are also several state-run and private buses that ply to Delhi from neighboring states such as Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Haryana.

Best time to visit Delhi

Delhi has a typical northern Indian climate. The weather here is extreme with summers being scorching hot and winters being freezing cold. The best time to visit Delhi is during the months of October to March when the temperatures are mild and pleasant. This is also the season when several festivals such as Diwali, Christmas, and New Year are celebrated in the city. However, visitors should be prepared for smog in November-December during the Diwali season where burning of crackers is common.

Things to do in Delhi

Delhi is a city that never ceases to amaze its visitors. There are a plethora of things to do here, ranging from sightseeing to shopping and food tours. Here are some of the must-dos in Delhi:

Visit the historic monuments: Delhi has a rich history and is home to several historic monuments that are worth visiting. Some of the popular ones include the Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate, Humayun's Tomb, Jama Masjid, and Lotus Temple. The Red Fort, built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major landmark in Delhi. Qutub Minar, another UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a 73-meter tall tower built by the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, Qutub-ud-din Aibak. India Gate, a war memorial built in memory of the Indian soldiers who died in World War I, is a popular spot for picnics and evening walks.

Take a food tour: Delhi is a food lover's paradise. The city is famous for its street food, which is not only delicious but also easy on the pocket. Some of the must-try dishes include chaat, chole bhature, parathas, kebabs, and butter chicken. One of the popular food tours in Delhi is the Old Delhi Food Tour, which takes visitors to the narrow lanes of Old Delhi to savor some of the best street food in the city.

Visit the markets: Delhi is a shopper's delight. The city has several markets that cater to all kinds of shoppers. From high-end malls to bustling bazaars, Delhi has it all. Some of the popular markets in Delhi include Connaught Place, Chandni Chowk, Sarojini Nagar, and Khan Market. These markets offer a wide range of products such as clothes, jewelry, handicrafts, and souvenirs.

Explore the nightlife: Delhi has a vibrant nightlife scene with several bars, nightclubs, and lounges. Hauz Khas Village and Connaught Place are two popular areas in Delhi for nightlife. These places offer a range of options to suit all tastes and budgets.

Other things to do in Delhi include visiting the museums, taking a rickshaw ride through the narrow lanes of Old Delhi, and attending a cultural performance such as a classical music concert or a dance performance.

Accommodation in Delhi

Delhi has several accommodation options to cater to all kinds of travelers. From luxury hotels to budget guesthouses and backpacker hostels, Delhi has it all. Some of the popular areas to stay in Delhi include Connaught Place, South Delhi, and Paharganj. Connaught Place is a prime location in Delhi and has several high-end hotels and restaurants. South Delhi is a popular residential area and has several mid-range and budget hotels. Paharganj is a popular backpacker neighborhood and has several budget guesthouses and hostels.

#Delhi #New Delhi #Travel

[zooterchet]

Weekend Update

MUSH directors Reliant (internet vigilante, for military codes of RL to follow MUSH IC consent rules), Dr. Leo (US Navy, quartermaster's meals and galleys, Quebec and New States of Britain), and Scorpio (mall security cop and convenience store manager, self write-in in Observe and Report to communicate to his friend "Mini-Peebo", lost at sea) continue to be embattled by the US Department of Justice as Shah's agents (Reliant found with dossiers in Farsi and Hebri-Iran, of his radical version of Autism Speaks, the Ba'ath era Republican Guard, under Uday Hussein, Dr. Leo attempting to explain why local Down's Syndrome hero ran a street hit on "Mini-Peebo" for being pro-life under information supplied by college professor Dr. Matthew Lennox, when the stated point of support to lead M3 was given as pro-choice, Pat Ware's endorsement by reason, and Scorpio's heroin addiction, following the murder of his drug dealer, Sayyed, "Short Circuit", a Detroit police officer undercover in the Yardies hunting the Insane Clown Posse and the Russian Mafia).

Jessica Bailey, grand daughter of Sirhan Sirhan and grand niece of Princess Diana, former wife to King Charles II, Connecticut State Police, DSS branch, remains at large.

Mini-Peebo, missing on the MUSH since 2004, claimed to be "autist" by local Bristol County Russian Mafia authorities with the psychiatric system, for having ADHD, a politician's caste dating to ancient Africa, prior to Egypt and settlement of the world, including in Mexican Atzlan culture, the only three exceptions to non-hyperactive politicians being Adolf Hitler, Harvy Milk, and Al Gore; a mental patient placed under armed guard between speeches, by German law students (the Eagle's Nest), a normal politician prior to his leg breaking in a gang hit from homosexuals (then gay, unable to jump), and Al Gore, claiming that ADHD was "exercises" and taking gymnastics (responsible for the downfall of the income tax, the rise of globing warming through the TV show "Captain Planet", and Enron deliberately staged to elect himself President, through conning Japan into thinking they were terraforming Mars, instead of opposing energy independence from oil, Enron's actual goal).

"James", the Longshanks Section Chief leader of "Koran Province" MI-6, New England, has defected to the Mossad, upon indictment of her spymaster for her three man action cell (the Obama election, through the Colbert Report, Obama elected mimicking McCain, objective achieved), Harry placed in Scientology, the spymaster in question; Elizabeth II found non-comprehense, due to actions by MI-6 psychiatric architecture expert, "Chet", also known as "Mini-Peebo", a chess blunder posturing Chet as her deceased husband, Philip II, calling her Rosa Klebb, her husband's pet name for her put in the film, "From Russia with Love", a chess blunder into king takes queen, the Queen resigning the match with a heart murmur; fatality within one week.

The paucity of American education continues, but only inside "charter schools", cop training academies (private schools), however with Hamas leader William Morgan Jr., FBI psychiatric nursing, as designing the system, taking Chet's notable preschool to college achievements, to get into West Point Academy, Thomas College NSA psychiatric pre-law defense, and Hofstra University Mossad Long Island, and altering them, to turn lawsuit entries into flaming homosexuals, the "Obama Legacy Fund", perfect models of John McCain, lawsuit-prone Rabbinical Muslim, however doggedly loyal to Obama, due to the funding of the program (McCain funded by the United Arab Emirates, and the Saudi medical film program out of France and their fraudulent textbooks, to medicate anyone fitting a movie role in constructive theory, with the same medicine, a magistrate's eugenics program, out of French-Canada).

[ramadhanseries]

தமிழில்

What happened on the 8th day of Ramadan throughout history?

1. Ibn Majah:

He was born in the year 209 AH in the town of Qazvin and grew up in a scientific atmosphere. He was fond of studying Sharia in general and the science of the Hadith in particular, memorizing the Holy Quran and frequenting the circles of the compilers of Hadiths that have spread in Qazvin, until he compiled a large numbers of Hadith himself.

He studied under many scholars including Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna Bin Obaid bin Qais bin Dinar al Bassari known as Al Zaman and Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah ; his most famous students include Ali bin Saeed bin Abdullah al-Ghadani, Ibrahim bin Dinar al-Jarashi al Hamdani, and Ahmed bin Ibrahim al-Qazwini.

One of the most famous books written by Ibn Majah is Sunan Ibn Majah, which is considered an encyclopedia of Hadith that includes 40,000 Hadiths between Saheeh, Hasan and Da'eef.

Imam Ibn Majah died on Monday, 7th Ramadan 273 AH, and was buried on the day after. His brother Abu Bakr prayed at his funeral. Abu Bakr, his other brother Abu Abdullah and his son Abdullah buried him.

2. Alp Arslan:

On the eighth day of Ramadan, Sultan Mohammed nicknamed Alp Arslan meaning the courageous lion took power. He was the leader of the Muslims in the Battle of Manzikert. The victory of the Muslims in Manzikert was a decisive point in history. The battle eliminated the control of the Roman state in Anatolia.

In addition, it weakened its powers and made it vulnerable until it finally got demolished at the hands of the Ottoman Sultan Mohammed al-Fateh.

Alp Arslan, like his uncle Tughril, was a wise and skillful leader. He adopted a special policy based on the consolidation of his rule in the country under the influence of the Seljuk, before aspiring to subjugate new territories and annex them to his country.

He was eager to fight for the sake of Allah, and spreading the call of Islam in the neighboring countries, such as the Armenians and the Romans.

The spirit of Islamic Jihad was the driving engine of the conquests carried out by Alp Arslan which gave it a religious tone. The leader of the Seljuk was keen to support Islam and spread the word of God.

When Arslan was assured that he had established peace and security in all the regions and countries under his control, he planned to achieve his distant goals. He invaded the north of the Levant and besieged the Mardasian state in Aleppo, founded by Salah bin Mirdas. He forced the Emir Mahmud bin Saleh bin Mirdas to pledge allegiance for the Abbasid Caliph instead of the Fatimid caliph.

The conquests of Alp Arslan enraged the Roman Emperor Romanos Diogenes. He was determined to carry out a counter-movement to defend his empires. His forces entered into skirmishes and battles with the Seljuk forces, the most important of which was the Battle of Manzikert in 463 AH, August 1071.

Sultan Alp Arslan did not take much satisfaction in what he achieved nor did he reap the fruits of his victory and his conquests. He was killed a year and a half after the Battle of Manzikert at the hands of a rebel at the age of forty-four on the 10th of Rabee I 465 AH corresponding to 29th November 1072 AD. He was succeeded by his son Malik-Shah, known for his great military achievements in the fifth century AH.

3. Abu Al-Qassim Al-Zahrawi:

On the eighth day of Ramadan in 573 AH, al-Zahrawi, the man who taught Europe medicine, died. He was a Muslim doctor who taught medicine to Europe.

Al-Zahrawi was not only a scientist whose name appeared in the books of medicine and history, but his knowledge continued until today, being the first teacher of all the doctors of the world in modern times, although the time period between him and them is more than 10 centuries.

He is Abu al-Qassim Khalaf ibn Abbas al-Zahrawi, a Muslim physician from al-Zahra in Andalusia, born in 936 AD and died in 1013 AH.

For 500 years, Zahrawi’s books were the main medical references in Europe including “Kitab al-Tasrif,” a thirty-volume encyclopedia of medical practices. Each volume looking at a branch of medicine except volume 30, where he devoted it to the art of surgery, which he called the hand industry.

Al-Zahrawi invented a tool called the ironing tool to eliminate damaged tissue by ironing. In the absence of electricity at the time, the heater was used to heat a metal piece then placed on the infected area, thus freezing the tissue and stopping the bleeding. It was also possible to stop bleeding of small vessels.

Zahrawi excelled in the art of surgery until his surgical work became the first reference for Arab and European doctors. He was the first to recognize the need to connect the arteries before amputations or during surgery to prevent hemorrhage. He was the first to introduce cotton in medical use.

வரலாறு முழுவதும் ரமலான் 8வது நாளில் நடந்தது என்ன?

1. இப்னு மாஜா:

அவர் ஹிஜ்ரி 209 இல் கஸ்வின் நகரில் பிறந்தார் மற்றும் விஞ்ஞான சூழலில் வளர்ந்தார். அவர் பொதுவாக ஷரியாவைப் படிப்பதிலும், குறிப்பாக ஹதீஸின் அறிவியலைப் படிப்பதிலும், திருக்குர்ஆனை மனப்பாடம் செய்வதிலும், கஸ்வினில் பரவியுள்ள ஹதீஸ்களின் தொகுப்பாளர்களின் வட்டங்களுக்கு அடிக்கடி செல்வதிலும் விரும்பினார்.

அவர் முஹம்மது இபின் அல்-முதன்னா பின் ஒபைத் பின் கைஸ் பின் தினார் அல் பஸ்சாரி அல் ஜமான் மற்றும் அபு பக்கர் இபின் அபி ஷைபா உட்பட பல அறிஞர்களின் கீழ் படித்தார்; அவரது மிகவும் பிரபலமான மாணவர்களில் அலி பின் சயீத் பின் அப்துல்லா அல்-கதானி, இப்ராஹிம் பின் தினார் அல்-ஜராஷி அல் ஹம்தானி மற்றும் அஹ்மத் பின் இப்ராஹிம் அல்-கஸ்வினி ஆகியோர் அடங்குவர்.

இப்னு மாஜா எழுதிய மிகவும் பிரபலமான புத்தகங்களில் ஒன்று சுனன் இப்னு மாஜா ஆகும், இது ஹதீஸின் கலைக்களஞ்சியமாக கருதப்படுகிறது, இதில் ஸஹீஹ், ஹசன் மற்றும் தாயிஃப் இடையே 40,000 ஹதீஸ்கள் உள்ளன.

இமாம் இப்னு மாஜா ஹிஜ்ரி 273 ரமழான் 7 திங்கட்கிழமை இறந்தார், மறுநாள் அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டார். அவரது இறுதிச் சடங்கில் அவரது சகோதரர் அபுபக்கர் பிரார்த்தனை செய்தார். அபு பக்கர், அவரது மற்றொரு சகோதரர் அபு அப்துல்லா மற்றும் அவரது மகன் அப்துல்லா ஆகியோர் அவரை அடக்கம் செய்தனர்.

2. Alp Arslan:

ரமலான் மாதத்தின் எட்டாவது நாளில், சுல்தான் முகமது அல்ப் அர்ஸ்லான் என்று செல்லப்பெயர் சூட்டினார், அதாவது தைரியமான சிங்கம் ஆட்சியைப் பிடித்தது. அவர் மான்சிகெர்ட் போரில் முஸ்லிம்களின் தலைவராக இருந்தார். மான்சிகெர்ட்டில் முஸ்லிம்களின் வெற்றி வரலாற்றில் ஒரு தீர்க்கமான புள்ளியாகும். போர் அனடோலியாவில் ரோமானிய அரசின் கட்டுப்பாட்டை நீக்கியது.

கூடுதலாக, அது அதன் சக்திகளை பலவீனப்படுத்தியது மற்றும் இறுதியாக ஒட்டோமான் சுல்தான் முகமது அல்-ஃபதேவின் கைகளில் இடிக்கப்படும் வரை அதை பாதிக்கக்கூடியதாக ஆக்கியது.

ஆல்ப் அர்ஸ்லான், அவரது மாமா துக்ரிலைப் போலவே, புத்திசாலித்தனமான மற்றும் திறமையான தலைவராக இருந்தார். புதிய பிரதேசங்களை அடிபணியச் செய்து அவற்றைத் தன் நாட்டோடு இணைப்பதற்கு முன், செல்ஜுக்கின் செல்வாக்கின் கீழ் நாட்டில் தனது ஆட்சியை உறுதிப்படுத்துவதன் அடிப்படையில் அவர் ஒரு சிறப்புக் கொள்கையை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார்.

அவர் அல்லாஹ்வுக்காக போராட ஆர்வமாக இருந்தார், மேலும் ஆர்மேனியர்கள் மற்றும் ரோமானியர்கள் போன்ற அண்டை நாடுகளில் இஸ்லாத்தின் அழைப்பைப் பரப்பினார்.

இஸ்லாமிய ஜிஹாத்தின் ஆவி அல்ப் அர்ஸ்லானால் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்ட வெற்றிகளின் உந்து இயந்திரமாக இருந்தது, அது ஒரு மத தொனியை அளித்தது. செல்ஜுக்கின் தலைவர் இஸ்லாத்தை ஆதரிப்பதற்கும் கடவுளின் வார்த்தையை பரப்புவதற்கும் ஆர்வமாக இருந்தார்.

அர்ஸ்லான் தனது கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ள அனைத்து பிராந்தியங்களிலும், நாடுகளிலும் அமைதியையும் பாதுகாப்பையும் நிலைநாட்டியதாக உறுதியளிக்கப்பட்டபோது, ​​அவர் தனது தொலைதூர இலக்குகளை அடைய திட்டமிட்டார். அவர் லெவண்டின் வடக்கே படையெடுத்து, சலா பின் மிர்தாஸால் நிறுவப்பட்ட அலெப்போவில் உள்ள மர்தாசியன் அரசை முற்றுகையிட்டார். அவர் எமிர் மஹ்மூத் பின் சலே பின் மிர்தாஸை ஃபாத்திமித் கலீஃபாவிற்குப் பதிலாக அப்பாஸிட் கலீஃபாவுக்கு விசுவாசமாக உறுதியளிக்கும்படி கட்டாயப்படுத்தினார்.

அல்ப் அர்ஸ்லானின் வெற்றிகள் ரோமானியப் பேரரசர் ரோமானோஸ் டியோஜெனெஸைக் கோபப்படுத்தியது. அவர் தனது பேரரசுகளைப் பாதுகாக்க ஒரு எதிர் இயக்கத்தை நடத்துவதில் உறுதியாக இருந்தார். அவரது படைகள் செல்ஜுக் படைகளுடன் சண்டைகள் மற்றும் போர்களில் நுழைந்தன, அவற்றில் மிக முக்கியமானது 463 AH, ஆகஸ்ட் 1071 இல் மான்சிகெர்ட் போர்.

சுல்தான் ஆல்ப் அர்ஸ்லான் தான் சாதித்தவற்றில் அதிக திருப்தி அடையவில்லை அல்லது அவரது வெற்றி மற்றும் வெற்றிகளின் பலனை அறுவடை செய்யவில்லை. அவர் மான்சிகெர்ட் போருக்கு ஒன்றரை ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு, கி.பி 1072 நவம்பர் 29 க்கு ஒத்த ரபீ I 465 ஹிஜ்ரி 10 ஆம் தேதி தனது நாற்பத்து நான்கு வயதில் ஒரு கிளர்ச்சியாளரின் கைகளில் கொல்லப்பட்டார். அவருக்குப் பின் அவரது மகன் மாலிக்-ஷா, ஹிஜ்ரி ஐந்தாம் நூற்றாண்டில் அவரது மாபெரும் இராணுவ சாதனைகளுக்காக அறியப்பட்டார்.

3. அபு அல்-காசிம் அல்-சஹ்ராவி:

ஹிஜ்ரி 573 இல் ரமழானின் எட்டாவது நாளில், ஐரோப்பாவிற்கு மருத்துவம் கற்பித்த அல்-ஸஹ்ராவி இறந்தார். அவர் ஐரோப்பாவிற்கு மருத்துவம் கற்பித்த ஒரு முஸ்லீம் மருத்துவர்.

அல்-சஹ்ராவி ஒரு விஞ்ஞானி மட்டுமல்ல, அவரது பெயர் மருத்துவம் மற்றும் வரலாற்று புத்தகங்களில் வெளிவந்தது, ஆனால் அவரது அறிவு இன்று வரை தொடர்ந்தது, நவீன காலத்தில் உலகின் அனைத்து மருத்துவர்களுக்கும் முதல் ஆசிரியராக இருந்தார், இருப்பினும் அவருக்கும் அவர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான காலம் 10 நூற்றாண்டுகளுக்கு மேல்.

அவர் அபு அல்-காசிம் கலாஃப் இப்னு அப்பாஸ் அல்-ஜஹ்ராவி ஆவார், அண்டலூசியாவில் உள்ள அல்-சஹ்ராவைச் சேர்ந்த ஒரு முஸ்லீம் மருத்துவர், கி.பி 936 இல் பிறந்தார் மற்றும் ஹிஜ்ரி 1013 இல் இறந்தார்.

500 ஆண்டுகளாக, ஜஹ்ராவியின் புத்தகங்கள் ஐரோப்பாவில் முக்கிய மருத்துவ குறிப்புகளாக இருந்தன, இதில் "கிதாப் அல்-தஸ்ரிஃப்", மருத்துவ நடைமுறைகளின் முப்பது தொகுதி கலைக்களஞ்சியம். ஒவ்வொரு தொகுதியும் 30 ஆம் தொகுதியைத் தவிர மருத்துவத்தின் ஒரு கிளையைப் பார்க்கிறது, அங்கு அவர் அதை அறுவை சிகிச்சை கலைக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தார், அதை அவர் கை தொழில் என்று அழைத்தார்.

சேதமடைந்த திசுக்களை அயர்னிங் செய்வதன் மூலம் அகற்ற அல்-ஜஹ்ராவி இஸ்திரி கருவி என்ற கருவியை கண்டுபிடித்தார். அந்த நேரத்தில் மின்சாரம் இல்லாத நிலையில், ஹீட்டர் ஒரு உலோகத் துண்டை சூடாக்க பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது, பின்னர் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட பகுதியில் வைக்கப்பட்டது, இதனால் திசு உறைந்து இரத்தப்போக்கு நிறுத்தப்பட்டது. சிறிய பாத்திரங்களின் இரத்தப்போக்கு நிறுத்தவும் முடிந்தது.

அரேபிய மற்றும் ஐரோப்பிய மருத்துவர்களுக்கு அவரது அறுவை சிகிச்சை முதல் குறிப்பு ஆகும் வரை ஜஹ்ராவி அறுவை சிகிச்சை கலையில் சிறந்து விளங்கினார். இரத்தக் கசிவைத் தடுக்க அறுவை சிகிச்சையின் போது அல்லது அறுவை சிகிச்சையின் போது தமனிகளை இணைக்க வேண்டியதன் அவசியத்தை அவர் முதலில் உணர்ந்தார். மருத்துவ பயன்பாட்டில் பருத்தியை முதன்முதலில் அறிமுகப்படுத்தியவர்.