#endosymbiosis

[pluralzalpha]

For the first time in one billion years, two lifeforms truly merged into one organism | Popular Science

#new organelle just dropped #endosymbiosis #evolution #microbiology

[jimkinnz]

homunculus facts¡

recent genetic studies of homunculus mitochondria indicates that they may not be the result of endosymbiosis• i don,t know what to do about this' but here it is•

felt hands are great for taking things out of the oven• i helped master make some taquitos yesterday¡

while biden is the most famous for it' most of the previous presidents and presidential candidates have in fact sealed dogs under the earth to obtain their power•

life hack¡ try replacing the bull semen in your potion with avocado oil to make the resulting homunculi crispier and better with cheese¡

i eat gnomes i eat gnomes i will kill and eat every gnome i will kill and eat every gnome i eat gnomes i eat gnomes i hate them I hate gnomes i hate them I hate gnomes•

tbt my days as a skull;

#homunculus #homunculus facts #wizardposting #unreality #endosymbiosis #felt form #cooking #cooking hacks #potion hacks #alchemy #biden dog burial #i hate gnomes so much #i will kill and eat every gnome #fuck the gnomes #i hate gnomes #the skull

[gaynaturalistghost]

Are fungi or mushrooms considered plants? I've heard mixed things & thought you'd have some insight about it. Really love ur ivy concepts!!

I’m not going to just say No! and move on because the truth (at least to me) is REALLY INTERESTING. I drew this out, here’s a few billion years summed up with jokes!

Ok. More than 3.5 BYA. You are a bacteria, living in the oceans (which are blood red but that’s a whole Other Thing). You are a cyanobacteria, you live in big gooey colonies with your best friends and you decide “hey, it would be cool if I could do photosynthesis and get even more energy after I eat the sugars” Which was generally considered a Bad Move, because you made oxygen at the end which is super toxic. To all life. Really bad decision (the oceans helped). Instead of wiping out all life by being horrible and toxic, you actually build the ozone layer and make way for a whole bunch of new guys who can use oxygen (oxygenic respiration).

Now we have eukaryotes depicted as Kirby. This is because they are Like That and when they ate cyanobacteria they didn’t always kill them, and over time they just became chloroplasts. Now they can do photosynthesis. The mitochondria was a similar process that happened first. Some plankton still do this and just… have a guy they didn’t eat all the way.

So we have eukaryote Kirby with chloroplasts. That will split to plants and green algae, here’s where the fungi come in!

The last common fungal ancestor was a parasite of a single called green algae or ancestor, things kind of overlap ranges. So you are a closer “cousin” to fungi than fungi are to plants!

I included this whole thing because I study lichens, and two of the partners in that symbiosis are fungi and/or cyanobacteria. That’s crazy! They were parasites and went and did their own thing and some decided to be symbiotic later! With plants too, they are still pathogens and parasites and so on but doesn’t it seem like living inside a thing that originated by eating all your shit would be a good idea. But lichens have lasted more than 400 million years so who am I to say. And plants have a lot of fungal pathogens but may not have made the transition to land without fungi and would not exist without them.

I could go on. This stuff is my main interest for my scientific career (paired down here ofc) hope this was more interesting than just saying “no!” : )

Bonus: mushrooms are ‘fruiting bodies’ or ‘basidia’ of one division of fungi, the basidiomycetes (buh-sid-ee-oh-my-seats)! ascomycetes (ass-co-my-seats) are usually the cup-shaped ones, not technically mushrooms. I think colloquially mushrooms is used for “edible” fungi and ‘toadstools’ are non-edible.

#asks #botany #fungi #fungi are not plants #they are worse #(affectionate) #green algae #endosymbiosis #chloroplasts #mushrooms #mycology #phycology #phytology

[greyphitus]

I don't really have anything to say but I thought some people might get a kick out of this.

#not photos #endosymbiosis #tfw forcefemmed by your endosymbionts #entomology today #entomology

[legok9]

I had the thought "The Eye of Harmony is the powerhouse of the TARDIS."

And that led me to the thought "The Eye of Harmony is the mitochondria of the TARDIS," which has very interesting and unnerving connotations if you know anything about endosymbiosis:

#doctor who #mitochondria #eye of harmony #endosymbiosis #biology #microbiology #journey to the microcosmos #hank green #mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell #tardis

[srndpt2024]

Northwest Lichenologists - Home (wildapricot.org)

#lichen #blitz #desperados #northwest #Masonhalea richardsonii #premiere #tundra #perma #bloc #techno #evolution #symbioses #endosymbiosis #planet #amoeba #Paulinella #photosynthesis #Youtube

[tenth-sentence]

Somewhere in the primordial ocean, this simple prokaryote managed to swallow a bacterium – a trick that neither cell possessed before – and against terrific odds the pair survived and multiplied.

"Human Universe" - Professor Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen

#book quote #human universe #brian cox #andrew cohen #nonfiction #primordial ocean #primordial soup #prokaryote #bacterium #endosymbiosis

[o09maskit]

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#confraternities #uneventful #duple #goats #cavaliers #molassy #highmost #leafcup #filmist #Gallas #outplotting #mesiogingival #nonastringently #endosymbiosis #cokneyfy #refoundation #CPS #injoin #magaziny #Powderhorn

[maryyyy8]

Who wanna be the Paramecium Bursaria to my Zoochlorella

#symbiosis #endosymbiosis #science #shitpost

[pinktinselmonstrosity]

ENOUGH about cannibalism. it's endosymbiosis time

#might rb this later with a wiki link but LOOK IT UP #i honestly believe endosymbiosis should be the next cannibalism it's amazing #🧃

[nightmarefuele]

📝 > @kylo-wrecked, from this place outside of time.

He makes of his belief a religion. His god is born to rot. None, he says, and that shrapnel of sound sifts the air clean.

It. They. The Dius' obscure body hangs overhead, infinite. Readies its bell for the toll. But there is a mote in the Insomnium's eye: bone-white and small as pearl, it sits like a galaxy growing, a bride to the abyssal black there that permanently resides. It depletes her with mortuary patience. All the while, spreading. Breathing. Giving.

Her silver nest beckons. Caelesis will need it soon.

The Insomnium will refuse. Does, has already done.

Cael turns her face to Ren, finally. The mote falls its weathered fingers over his helm, at war with what "is." She sees his lattice, reflecting achrome neons . . . reflecting biofilms, vernix-translucent and then the paltry blue-green of gels sluicing her nest as he speaks his unspoken tongue. She sees black robes against enforced silver . . . bleeding in rivulets down unto solvent matters, dissolving, frothing, a river becoming itself against itself, and so becomes somewhat else.

"You don't know." She hears other voices in hers. They come alive and die in her mind without ever breaching the real. "You know too much for the Dius to bear, and still you know nothing. But I see. Waves that become wars that traverse empires on eons of fog until ruin. . . ."

And a gift. A small beacon, blooming traceries through the bone mote. An event articulates itself to completion behind that one eye, while a spider of white emerges on its tear-dewed surface. White on black; future on present, which have already passed.

"Only a drop," Cael mourns, toneless, "and here I lay between oceans."

A hide. A different kind of skin. One constructed of hurt and its other side, who is pain. A world encompasses the back of Cael's hand, breathing life to a serene, infant ozone.

She shivers, finding his face once again between the dreams. "They will not take you from me."

Her silver nest beckons. Ren's hand, motionless, is a pulse in the growing empty of everything unto which the Insomnium's eye bleeds.

Somewhere between sight's vowels, she responds.

And I can show you.

#|| endosymbiosis #i had a great name for this #and then naturally #i forgot it

[kbb306]

Babe wake up new organelle just dropped

#microbiology #biology #science #popular science #cells #evolution #we just watched endosymbiosis in REAL TIME

[0ctogus]

🚨💥🦠 NEW PRIMARY ENDOSYMBIOSIS DROPPED🦠💥🚨

A new haptophyte alga, Braarudosphaera bigelowii has managed to be cultured which contains what was thought to be an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacyterium. Upon further study which was possible once B. bigelowii was cultured, it was shown that this purported endosymbiont imports proteins with a specific peptide tag from its host cell. This could indicate that the endosymbiont has lost part of its genome and transferred it to the host cell, which is the one who makes the proteins in those parts now. Along with the fact that it grows and divides synchronized with the host cell, this could indicate that the endosymbiont has become an organelle, which has been dubbed the nitroplast!

This would only be the 4th ever known case of primary endosymbiosis, after the original mitochondrion, the original chloroplast, and the cyanelles of Paulinella. This nitroplast, however, is remarkable for being the first ever known example of a nitrogen-fixing organelle in eukaryotes. This is of particular interest because it shows that potentially we could also engineer other eukaryotes (plants) to have a nitrogen-fixing organelle, which would remove the massive dependence on fertilizers as a nitrogen source in many plants, as they could fix it directly from the air!

B. bigelowii is also delightfully dodecahedral:

https://phys.org/news/2024-04-scientists-nitrogen-organelle-1.amp

#microbiology #marine biology #phycology #biology #THIS IS SO COOL #I LOVE ENDOSYMBIOSES SO MUCH

[etirabys]

Apparently mitochondrial endosymbiosis (when a cell of lineage Archaea engulfed a cell of lineage Bacteria, and they together became the ancestor of all eukaryotic life) probably happened only once

I think by some axes this is the most epic, romantic thing that has ever happened. I kind of want to redesign my wedding ring

#rambl

[plant-taxonomy-showdown]

Hi! As a plant scientist, I would like to clarify things about kelp. Yes, it originated as a protist. So did all the other plants. If you ask what makes plants special, the answer could be photosynthesis. But they did not evolve photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria did! And then some protist came, ate a cyanobacteria without digesting it, and got a chloroplast (this is called primary endosymbiosis). That's the origin of the Archaeplastida clade. All plant chloroplasts are descendants of little photosynthetic bacteria.

BUT, other protists also liked to swallow things, and some of them swallowed unicellular algae that already had their own chloroplasts. They did the same thing that the Archaeplastida ancestor did, and incorporated this whole alga into their cell as a chloroplast. This is called secondary endosymbiosis, and usually such chloroplasts have 3 or 4 membranes, compared to 2 in Archaeplastida. And this happened several times! Kelps are in Stramenopila, which originated in one such event with a red alga as their chloroplast. What's interesting is that many of these groups independently developed plant-like body plan and funcionally became plants, because once you commit to photosynthesis and multicellularity, this is the best shape for your body.

Thank you!

#what is a plant? #science

[parakaryote]

The Weird Microorganism Iceberg

I basically made this on an impulse, please don’t take it too seriously. Feel free to suggest more organisms!

Explanations under the cut.

Tardigrades: You probably all know this one. Commonly said to be polyextremophiles, but this isn’t actually true; while they can survive extreme conditions, they don’t thrive in them. Something you might not know about them is that all of their body segment genes are equivalent to arthropod head genes — meaning they are basically walking heads.

Demodex: Eyelash mites.

Diatoms: Geometric silicon shell creatures.

Nylon-eating bacteria (Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens KI72): Exactly what it says on the tin.

Myxozoa: Single-celled parasitic cnidarians. Lack digestive systems, circulatory systems, gonads, and even muscles in some species. Also may or may not be autonomous cancer cells.

Thiomargarita: The only macroscopic bacteria. Honorary microorganisms for the purposes of this image.

Wolbachia: Parasitic / mutualistic bacteria genus that has created numerous insect species through their effects on reproduction. (Infected females can become capable of parthenogenesis, while infected males are either killed, turned into females, or limited to reproducing only with females infected by the same strain.)

Deinococcus radiodurans: A bacterium which unofficially holds the title of “most extreme extremophile”. Can survive incredibly high doses of radiation, as well as high acidity and very low temperatures.

Dicyemida: Symbiotic (once mistakenly thought to be parasitic) animals that live in cephalopod kidneys. Have alternation of generations and used to be known as “Rhombozoa” (“rhombus animals”).

Facetotectans: Parasitic crustaceans with an unknown adult form. Attempts to artificially induce metamorphosis only produce another juvenile stage, as far as anyone can tell.

Metal-breathing bacteria: Bacteria which use nanowires to accept electrons from metals.

Limnognathia: One of the smallest animals, and has 15-part extensible jaws.

Disulforudis audaxviator: The only known organism to comprise a single-species ecosystem. Lives over a mile underground and feeds off the byproducts of radioactive decay.

Salinella salve: Possibly nonexistent simple animal, allegedly cultured by Johannes Frenzel in 1892 but never found by anyone else.

Warnowiids (Warnowiaceae): A family of dinoflagellates which have modified some of their organelles into an eye… which somehow works well enough for them to aim their stingers at prey, despite them having no brain (or even other cells) to process the images.

Haloquadratum walsbyi: A square that lives in salt.

Dicopomorpha echmepterygis: The smallest known insect, a parasitoid wasp smaller than a Paramecium.

Hemimastigophora: A group of organisms recently discovered to be an early-splitting branch of the eukaryotes.

Monocercomonoides: A genus of “excavate” “protists” (both terms are polyphyletic, lol) that lack mitochondria… or even the genes for them.

Parakaryon myojinensis: The only complete incertae sedis, for which not even the domain is known. Has an odd mix of eukaryote and prokaryote-like features, leading to speculation that they represent a second incidence of endosymbiosis (aka Eukaryota 2.0). Also my blog’s namesake.

Collodictyon: Considered unclassifiable for a long time. Not really that weird in and of itself, tbh.

Kamera lens: Continuing the theme, this is an alga that has proven weirdly difficult to classify despite having been known for centuries (though it’s been narrowed down to the Ochrophyta). Its funny name makes it a pain to look up.

Jeongeupia sacculi: Recently-discovered multicellular(!) bacterium. Unlike everything else on here, it doesn’t have a Wikipedia page (yet).

Meteora sporadica: “Protist” which moves by rowing with a pair of arm-like appendages. Another difficult-to-classify organism, although a study from earlier this year suggests they are related to the Hemimastigophora.

Kakabekia barghoorniana: Apparent Paleoproterozoic living fossil that looks like an umbrella.

Magosphaera planula: A sphere which splits apart into amoeba-like cells, observed by Ernst Haeckel in 1869. Also possibly nonexistent / misidentified.

#biology #microbiology #zoology #bacteriology #protist #archaea #parasite mention #cancer mention