#etiquette 19th century

[inky-duchess]

Etiquette of the Edwardian Era and La Belle Époque: How to Dress

This is a new set of posts focusing on the period of time stretching from the late 19th century to the early 20th Century right up to the start of WWI.

I'll be going through different aspects of life. This series can be linked to my Great House series as well as my Season post and Debutant post.

Today will be focusing on the rules of clothes with this time period.

A Cut for Every Occasion

As you may know, the wealthy elite and their servants lived extremely regimented lives and every aspect was governed by careful rules. They would be expected to wear the right outfit at the right time, every minute of the day. Any misstep would be noticed at once and be subject to scruntiny.

In the circles of the elite, one would be expected to change for every occasion. One simply wouldn't wear the same outfit they've been lying around the house in to attend tea at somebody's house. Fashion in this era was dictated by the clock and by the event diary of the wearer.

Ladies

Women of the upperclass would be expected to change at least six times a day. When she would rise for a morning of repose around the house, she would simply wear a house gown or a simple blouse and skirt. If planning a morning stroll, she would change into a walking suit which is a combination of blouse, skirt and jacket along with her hat usually of tweed. If running errands or paying a visit to friends, she would wear another walking suit. If riding, she would wear a riding habit and a hat. If hosting tea or taking tea in her own home, she would change into a tea gown with is a lighter more airier gown more comfortable for chilling in. If attending a garden party, one wears a pastel or white formal day gown accompanied by a straw hat and gloves. For dinner, she would change into an evening gown which would be more elaborate and show off a little more skin than her day wear. After dinner and ready for bed, she would change into her nightgown.

Female servants had an easier time of it. A housekeeper and lady's maid would simply wear a solid black gown for the entire day. A cook and kitchen maids would wear a simple day dress for working with an apron. Housemaids would usually wear a print dress with an apron and cap, changing into the more formal black and white attire you would associate with a maid.

Gentlemen

The gentlemen had an easier time but they too were subject to changes throughout the day. Men were expected to wear a suit. The most popular day time suit was a sack suit. These were comprised of plain and loose fitting jackets, worn over a starched shirt with a high collar, waistcoat and straight trousers with ironed creases. These suits were exclusively wool with cheaper ones made of a wool and cotton blend. Grey, green, brown, navy were usual but sine younger men preferred louder colours such as purple which was a trend for a time in the 1910s. These suits were worn about the house or in the city accompanied by a coat. Men would change into tweed if shooting or walking. For garden parties, a gentleman would wear a light coloured suit, usually white and a straw hat. For dinner, a man had two choices: his tails or his dinner jacket. A dinner jacket was for less formal suppers say if dining at home. This was a collection of a jacket, trousers, waistcoat, a bow tie, a detachable wing-collar shirt and black shoes. Lapels of these jackets were edged with silk or satin. Tails were worn at a formal dinner party, at White Tie events. This was made up of a tailcoat, white piqué waistcoat, a starched dress shirt with a pique bib and standing wing collar with a white bow tie. Trousers were lined with trim to hide the seams.

Male servants were soared changing. Footmen would wear their livery around the clock which would resemble white tie to a certain extent or mimic court dress of palace servants. Butler's would wear a variation of a gentleman's evening suit throughout the day. When a male servant is dressed, he usually stays that way. However, a valet or a footman may be taken to pick up during shooting parties where they would wear tweed walking suits.

Jewellery

Jewellery was an important sign of status in society. Upperclass women of this time has access to untold caches of sparklers but there were rules concerning their use and meaning. Earrings were usually clip ons as women of high status would not pierce their ears. Simple, understated earrings were worn during the day with more ostentatious sets were worn in the evening time. Broaches were popular at this time, usually worn at the throat of a gown or blouse or walking suit or affixed on hats. Large stoned rings were worn over gloves while slender bands were worn under. Jewellery was intricate and understated amongst old money whole the nouveau riche went for chunkier stones and larger settings. Tiaras were only worn at White Tie events, held after six pm and almost never by unmarried girls. One would not wear a larger tiara than that most senior lady present. Men would wear tie pins, cufflinks and pocket watches to match any occasion be it for a jaunt on the town or at a formal evening party.

Hats

Hats were a staple in this period. Anybody respectable from any class wouldn't venture out of the door without a hat.

Men would wear hats when heading out but always remove them when entering a building, and never wear one without removing it for the presence of a lady. The bowler was seen as more a servant's headwear while a top hat was reserved for gentlemen. Flat caps would be only seen on gentlemen at shooting gatherings or in the country, they were popular among the common class for any informal occasion.

Women had more stricter rules concern hats. Hats for women were more a day accessory worn while out and about. A woman would not wear a hat in her own home even when entertaining and nor would any of the other female occupants if joining the gathering. A woman would not remove her hat when attending a luncheon or tea or any activity. Hats were held in place by a ribbon or sash tied under the chin or by a hat pin, which is essentially a large needle thrust through the hair. This was the period where women's hats became more ornate and rather large, leading to some critisism. Among servants, housekeepers and lady's maids would not wear a hat while indoors and working but a housemaid or cook or kitchen maid would cover their hair with a cap with housemaids changing into a more elaborate one come evening time. Male servants would not wear hats unless travelling or outdoors.

Gloves

Gloves are a staple in this period and worn only at the opportune time. Among servants, only footmen would wear gloves and usually only when serving. Butlers would never wear gloves. Female servants did not wear gloves.

Men did wear gloves, usually woollen or leather while outside or riding gloves when out on horseback.

Women wore gloves whenever outside. Day gloves were usually wrist length, with evening gloves stretching to the elbow. During dinner, evening gloves would be removed at the first course and laid across the lap, replaced at the last course when the ladies leave for tea and coffee after where the gloves are then removed again. Gloves are always worn when dancing and at the theatre or opera. If one is sitting in ones box and sampling some chocolate, one can remove their gloves for that.

Hair and Makeup

Make up was a no-no amongst the upper crust and for their servants in England and America, as it was seen as licentious but in France, the use of rouge was accepted. Perfume and cologne were acceptable but excessive use was frowned upon.

Hair was dressed by one's lady's maid. Bouffant updos were popular in this time period for married women. During the last years of this period, women began adopting the 'bob' but this was seen as radical and sometimes scandalous. Unmarried girls could wear their hair down, often with accessories like a bow to adorn their tresses. Servants would always tie up their hair and never be seen with it down or uncovered (though this depended on their job).

Men would comb their hair, slicking it back for dinner. Most men were clean shaven but if they wore beards, they were usually well groomed. Hair was kept short for grown men and teenagers but young boys may wear their hair longer whilst in the nursery.

#This bitch loooonnnnggg #Etiquette of the Edwardian Era and La Belle Époque series #Fantasy Guide #Early 20th Century #late 19th century #Great houses #writing #writeblr #writing resources #writing reference #writing advice #ask answered questions #writing advice writing resources #writers #Writing advice writing references #Writing references #Historical fiction #1900s #1890s #Fashion

[nemfrog]

Social etiquette, the rules of good breeding and the customs of polite society. The universal self-instructor. 1883. Chapter header.

Internet Archive

#etiquette #header #title #nemfrog #1883 #19th century

[resplendentoutfit]

A Night at the Opera, Part I

Victorian Etiquette as regards an invitation

As is well known about the Victorian era, people of high society lived by strick social rules.

A young man may invite a young woman to the theatre, opera, or other entertainment venue, even if he has but a slight acquaintance with her, but of course he should secure the permission of her parents or chaperone.

The young gent then is obliged to send her a written invitation no later than the day previous to the entertainment. It has to be written in the third person, upon white, high-quality note-paper, an envelope to match, and usually sealed with wax. The lady was required to reply immediately, so that should she be unable to accept, the gentleman could secure another escort.

Paul Cesar Helleu (French, 1859-1927) • The Letter • 1880

It is correct for the young man to inquire if the young woman prefers a box, or, if not, he should state in what part of the house he proposes to secure seats. This will enable her to determine how to dress.

Part II is here.

#painting #art #art history #victorian opera etiquette #oil painting #victorian etiquette #paul cesar helleu #french artist #19th century art #19th century culture #the resplendent outfit blog #fashion history #victorian ephemera

[is-the-19thcentury-man-okay]

Dear expert,

I am awfully worried, for a 19th century man has seemed to take my fancy. He is a reasonable breed, hard working and healthy, but some of his views are down right deplorable! How do I gently tell him that his interest would be best placed with someone else?

You haven't given any clues as to what his deplorable views might be, dear anon, and yet this is a common problem. You can't really expect a 19th century man to have 21st century attitudes and opinions, but sometimes he's just not who you want indolently lounging in your home!

If there's one thing that makes delivering the news easier, it's his understanding of social etiquette conventions and communication. When you inform him that it's best that you terminate all intercourse, he will understand what you mean.

#is the 19th century man okay #etiquette #not every pretty face is a good match! #asks

[dangerliesbeforeyou]

love that this is like the 4th(?) time that stoker has said ‘lizard fashion’ like the dude came up with that phrase and was like ‘oh this is hilarious i need to use this at every opportunity’  

#dracula daily #dracula #today's entry was a delight tho so much drama lol #also i'm sure some expert on 19th century is gonna say that the count kissing his hand at jonathan is some etiquette thing or whatever #but i can't get the image of him like blowing jonathan a kiss as he gets ready to kill the guy lol #like some kind of sassy diva after having a row w/ someone lol #also the complete pettiness of the count being like 'oh you wanna leave my castle tonight baby boy?? #well go ahead!! there's definitely not a tonne of blood thirsty wolves out there ready to tear u limb from limb :)'

[clove-pinks]

An 1843 etiquette guide, on smoking.

If you are so unfortunate as to have contracted the low habit of smoking, be careful to practise it under certain restrictions; at least so long as you are desirous of being considered fit for civilized society.

The first mark of a gentleman is a sensitive regard for the feelings of others; therefore, smoke where it is least likely to prove offensive by making your clothes smell; then wash your mouth and brush your teeth. What man of delicacy could presume to address a lady with his breath smelling of onions? Yet tobacco is equally odious. The tobacco smoker, in public, is the most selfish animal imaginable; he perseveres in contaminating the pure and fragrant air, careless whom he annoys, and is but the fitting inmate of a tavern.

Smoking in the streets, or in a theatre, is only practised by shop-boys, pseudo-fashionables — and the "SWELL MOB."

All songs that you may see written in praise of smoking in magazines or newspapers, or hear sung upon the stage, are puffs, paid for by the proprietors of cigar divans and tobacco shops, to make their trade popular; therefore, never believe nor be deluded by them.

— Etiquette; or, A guide to the usages of society, with a glance at bad habits by Charles William Day and Alfred d’Orsay, 1843.

Compare with an 1845 guide, The Midshipman’s Friend, or Hints for the Cockpit which also condemns smoking in strong language (“On the Evils of Smoking,” p. 124):

This baneful practice has so crept of late into favour with all classes of society, that it will require almost the labour of Hercules, in cleansing the Augean stables of the accumulation of filth for a thousand years, before people will be persuaded of its destructive effects.

This sounds very prescient, although like a lot of anti-smoking literature of its time there’s not much about health consequences and a lot about smoking being aesthetically disagreeable. (It will make you smell bad, give you bad skin, and women hate it!) This is also why caricatures of the mid-19th century show trashy, obnoxious men smoking.

#1840s #victorian #early victorian era #smoking #anti-smoking #etiquette #i'm fascinated by victorian opinions on smoking #later in the 19th century it seems to be more accepted #but there is still condemnation of it #and a lot of equivocal attitudes #it's definitely not the 20th century view of smoking as manly and/or sexy #although there is some 'acceptable' smoking (usually older men with pipes)

[blueheartbooks]

"Love's Triumph and Social Satire: A Spirited Journey Through 'Pride and Prejudice' by Jane Austen"

Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" stands as a timeless masterpiece, an exploration of love, social class, and the complexities of human relationships in early 19th-century England. As I delved into the pages of this classic novel, I found myself enchanted by Austen's wit, keen observations, and the enduring relevance of her narrative.

At its core, "Pride and Prejudice" is a love story, but Austen elevates it beyond mere romantic entanglements. The novel unfolds in the world of the landed gentry, where societal expectations and class distinctions shape the characters' lives. Elizabeth Bennet, the spirited and intelligent protagonist, becomes a beacon of Austen's social commentary. The title itself hints at the central themes, highlighting the barriers erected by pride and prejudice that hinder genuine connections between people.

Austen's narrative prowess is evident in her sharp and satirical depiction of the characters. The Bennet family, with its blend of endearing eccentricities and societal foibles, provides a canvas for Austen to explore the absurdities of her contemporary society. Mrs. Bennet's single-minded pursuit of advantageous marriages for her daughters and Mr. Collins's obsequiousness are rendered with a comedic touch, yet they reveal deeper truths about the societal pressures faced by women in that era.

The heart of the novel, however, lies in the dynamic between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. Their relationship evolves amidst misunderstandings, societal expectations, and the prideful assumptions each holds about the other. Austen skillfully weaves a narrative that transcends mere romantic conventions, delving into the intricacies of personal growth, self-awareness, and the transformative power of love.

What sets "Pride and Prejudice" apart is Austen's ability to infuse her characters with authenticity and nuance. Elizabeth, with her sharp wit and strong convictions, emerges as a compelling and relatable heroine. Mr. Darcy, though initially perceived as aloof and arrogant, undergoes a profound transformation, challenging the reader's own prejudices and preconceptions.

Austen's narrative unfolds with a rhythmic cadence, her prose a dance of intellect and emotion. The novel's pacing is deliberate, allowing the reader to savor the unfolding drama and appreciate the intricate web of relationships. The dialogue, filled with social commentary and clever repartees, remains a testament to Austen's literary finesse.

While "Pride and Prejudice" is undeniably a product of its time, the novel's enduring appeal lies in its exploration of universal themes. Austen's critique of societal norms, her championing of independent thought, and her celebration of genuine love resonate across generations. The novel remains a relevant and engaging commentary on the human condition.

In conclusion, "Pride and Prejudice" is a triumph of literature, seamlessly blending romance, social satire, and astute observations on human nature. Jane Austen's legacy endures, and her ability to craft a narrative that transcends its temporal setting cements "Pride and Prejudice" as a timeless classic. As I closed the final chapter, I couldn't help but marvel at Austen's enduring relevance and the indelible mark she has left on the landscape of literary brilliance.

Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" is available in Amazon in paperback 16.99$ and hardcover 24.99$ editions.

Number of pages: 453

Language: English

Rating: 10/10                                           

Link of the book!

Review By: King's Cat

#Jane Austen #Pride and Prejudice #Regency-era literature #Classic romance #Social satire #Elizabeth Bennet #Mr. Darcy #Love and relationships #Class distinctions #Marriage in 19th-century England #Satirical humor #Social commentary #Courtship rituals #Feminism in literature #Romantic ideals #Irony and wit #Manners and etiquette #British landed gentry #Character development #Marriage expectations #Family dynamics #Independent women #Society and morality #Prejudice and perception #Courtly love #Literary realism #Timeless themes #Gentlemanly conduct #Women's role in society #Misunderstandings

[blueheartbookclub]

"Love's Triumph and Social Satire: A Spirited Journey Through 'Pride and Prejudice' by Jane Austen"

Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" stands as a timeless masterpiece, an exploration of love, social class, and the complexities of human relationships in early 19th-century England. As I delved into the pages of this classic novel, I found myself enchanted by Austen's wit, keen observations, and the enduring relevance of her narrative.

At its core, "Pride and Prejudice" is a love story, but Austen elevates it beyond mere romantic entanglements. The novel unfolds in the world of the landed gentry, where societal expectations and class distinctions shape the characters' lives. Elizabeth Bennet, the spirited and intelligent protagonist, becomes a beacon of Austen's social commentary. The title itself hints at the central themes, highlighting the barriers erected by pride and prejudice that hinder genuine connections between people.

Austen's narrative prowess is evident in her sharp and satirical depiction of the characters. The Bennet family, with its blend of endearing eccentricities and societal foibles, provides a canvas for Austen to explore the absurdities of her contemporary society. Mrs. Bennet's single-minded pursuit of advantageous marriages for her daughters and Mr. Collins's obsequiousness are rendered with a comedic touch, yet they reveal deeper truths about the societal pressures faced by women in that era.

The heart of the novel, however, lies in the dynamic between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. Their relationship evolves amidst misunderstandings, societal expectations, and the prideful assumptions each holds about the other. Austen skillfully weaves a narrative that transcends mere romantic conventions, delving into the intricacies of personal growth, self-awareness, and the transformative power of love.

What sets "Pride and Prejudice" apart is Austen's ability to infuse her characters with authenticity and nuance. Elizabeth, with her sharp wit and strong convictions, emerges as a compelling and relatable heroine. Mr. Darcy, though initially perceived as aloof and arrogant, undergoes a profound transformation, challenging the reader's own prejudices and preconceptions.

Austen's narrative unfolds with a rhythmic cadence, her prose a dance of intellect and emotion. The novel's pacing is deliberate, allowing the reader to savor the unfolding drama and appreciate the intricate web of relationships. The dialogue, filled with social commentary and clever repartees, remains a testament to Austen's literary finesse.

While "Pride and Prejudice" is undeniably a product of its time, the novel's enduring appeal lies in its exploration of universal themes. Austen's critique of societal norms, her championing of independent thought, and her celebration of genuine love resonate across generations. The novel remains a relevant and engaging commentary on the human condition.

In conclusion, "Pride and Prejudice" is a triumph of literature, seamlessly blending romance, social satire, and astute observations on human nature. Jane Austen's legacy endures, and her ability to craft a narrative that transcends its temporal setting cements "Pride and Prejudice" as a timeless classic. As I closed the final chapter, I couldn't help but marvel at Austen's enduring relevance and the indelible mark she has left on the landscape of literary brilliance.

Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" is available in Amazon in paperback 16.99$ and hardcover 24.99$ editions.

Number of pages: 453

Language: English

Rating: 10/10                                           

Link of the book!

Review By: King's Cat

#Jane Austen #Pride and Prejudice #Regency-era literature #Classic romance #Social satire #Elizabeth Bennet #Mr. Darcy #Love and relationships #Class distinctions #Marriage in 19th-century England #Satirical humor #Social commentary #Courtship rituals #Feminism in literature #Romantic ideals #Irony and wit #Manners and etiquette #British landed gentry #Character development #Marriage expectations #Family dynamics #Independent women #Society and morality #Prejudice and perception #Courtly love #Literary realism #Timeless themes #Gentlemanly conduct #Women's role in society #Misunderstandings

[memoriae-lectoris]

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women had to bare their shoulders in order to eat at formal dinners. They also had to put on long gloves, only to remove them before the meal began. Buttoned, elbow-length gloves could be so hard to get off that one could buy a pair with hands that rolled back. The etiquette manuals were never very sure whether they approved of this labour-saving device; Emily Post pronounced it “hideous.”

Gloves, once removed, had to join evening bag, fan, and large damask napkin, all precariously balanced on a slippery, possibly satin-sheathed, lap. Emily Post suggested rather daringly (“ this ought not to be put into a book of etiquette, which should say you must do nothing of the kind”) that one might cover all these objects with the napkin placed cornerwise across the knees “and tuck the two side corners under like a lap robe, with the gloves and the fan tied in place, as it were.”

She went further, since one could no longer count on receiving a very large napkin, and promoted the carrying of paper clips, by gentlemen as well as ladies, to hold the napkin in place. All this assumes that a civilized diner would never require any dabbing at the lips with a napkin during dinner.

Until quite recently women kept their hats on in restaurants and when invited to a formal lunch. Liselotte, a French arbiter of etiquette, says in 1915 that women may keep their hats on even if the lunch is not very ceremonious “so as not to derange the edifice of their hair,” and so that they can leave after the meal without having to recreate their toilette.

But a hostess, who had not had to go out, could remain hatless, even at formal functions. It has usually been the case that hosts, because they are at home and also because they are ritually more powerful, could wear less formal clothes than guests. A hostess never wore gloves or a face veil in her own home, “unless,” Emily Post added jocularly but rather brutally in 1922, “there is something the matter with her face.” Guests wearing face veils were allowed to fasten the lower edge “up over their noses.”

#book: the rituals of dinner #fashion #19th century #20th century #etiquette #emily post #upper classes

[primeministerofantarctica]

infuriating that people will really just say the most deranged shit to strangers. and yet i'm the one with dysfunctional social skills?

#astra rambles #personal #im so. like obviously im not an expert. but i feel like there's a line to cross #venting about your ex boyfriend to somebody you met three minutes ago? crossing the line. #responding to a complete stranger helping you out by saying 'oh! im going to punch you :)' #crossing the line. what the FUCK is wrong with you. #im going to whack everyone with a book on 19th century etiquette. nobody's allowed to talk until they've read it.

[inky-duchess]

Etiquette of the Edwardian Era and La Belle Époque: Courting

This is a new set of posts focusing on the period of time stretching from the late 19th century to the early 20th Century right up to the start of WWI. I'll be going through different aspects of life. This series can be linked to my Great House series as well as my Season post and Debutant post.

I get asked a lot about courting, what's acceptable or what's off limits and how one may woo a prospective spouse. So let's explore how to win the hand and heart.

Meeting (not so cute?)

Firstly, it is really difficult to have a meet cute in the Edwardian era. Women and men are kept separate for most of the day, only really getting to meet at designated events: A dinner, a ball, a social event. Meeting in the park is a cute idea but a gentleman can't just approach a lady (or another gentleman) without being introduced by a third party, either a senior party or a mutual friend. However, an introduction at a ball is sort of like Cinderella's get up, it ceases to matter when the ball is over. Your gentleman must not approach a lady after that ball, he must be reintroduced. Once an introduction has been made, he can speak with her.

An Interest

When an introduction has gone satisfactory, a gentleman must make the first move by calling to her parents'/guardian's home and making a formal request to begin courting. Her parents/guardians must consent, usually leading to a short brief interview of the gentleman's family, his connections, his wealth (though in not so vulgar terms, they may inquire where he lives which is an indicator). The woman's opinion did matter, she could give her reasons for accepting or turning down the offer. When the interest is approved, the gentleman can start offering invitations.

Three's Company

Of course, just because the parents agree, doesn't mean the couple gets to be alone. The young lady will be accompanied by a chaperone either a lady's maid, a governess, her mother or another female relative. While the couple is together, the chaperone will always be a few steps behind or have them in sight. She's there to ensure that nothing more than a conversation happens. This is not only for her young lady's reputation but also to save the man from any claims of impropriety. The chaperone also serves as a sort of spy, gauging whether this relationship is worth pursuing.

Activities & Tokens

A gentleman may invite a lady out to lots of different activities. He can invite her for a promenade at a local park or gardens, out the theatre, visit her at home, invite her to galleries, to balls or to be his companion at sporting events such as the races, tennis matches or boat races. When visiting in the house, the gentleman would be expected to speak with all the family, be polite and courteous. This is how the family guages his suitably. The gentleman must provide transportation and funds for any excursion. Gifts are to be refined as well. Expensive gifts are considered vulgar and will likely be turned down. Small gifts such as flowers, books, cakes are acceptable. Gifts aren't as important as the time spent together.

Rules of Engagement

There are certain unspoken rules surrounding courtship that every gentlemen must follow for a successful courtship:

A gentleman should always pay attention to his lady, and not exclude her or cast her off for others

A gentleman never smokes in front of his lady nor forget to remove his hat.

A gentleman must always offer to refresh his lady on an excursion

A gentleman must defend his lady from any offense be it an insult or a scene unfit for her eyes or within an argument. Throwing in an apology for any offense can add a cherry on top.

However if she's the one giving offense, without any reason, the gentleman must seek to create peace, apologising on her behalf.

When walking, a lady will be placed in the inside of the pavement.

A gentleman should never spend above his means to impress his lady. Staying within his means is not only smart but a show of restraint and a glimpse of what life ought to be if they marry.

A gentleman should always offer his assistance when a lady is exiting a carriage or going up a flight of steps or carrying anything heavy.

If a man accompanies a woman to a ball, he's expected to dance with her on her first and last dances of the evening.

A gentleman must always make his intentions known and not string a lady along with no intention of marriage. He must never joke about his intentions or lead her on.

Marriage

Courtship usually promises marriage which is why a gentleman or lady should not enter into courtship unless they would consider marriage. Courtship may last a few months or a few weeks and while it is going on, both sides should consider whether marriage would be a viable option of either of them. Parents/guardians would be consulted, the gentleman must make his intentions known to her father or nearest male relative before approaching the lady and popping the question. A courtship that doesn't end in marriage is seen as a failure and may damage the reputation of both parties, leading people to wonder what happened and who is to blame. For example is a perfectly eligible gentleman will not marry a perfectly eligible lady or she turns down his offer, people will usually leap to the conclusion that there is something lacking.

LGBTQIA+ Courting

Gay people have always been here. They have courted and they have loved. Whilst it was illegal in this time in many parts of the world, love did prevail. (fun fact: lesbianism wasn't illegal because nobody wanted to explain what it was to Queen Victoria). The good thing to know is that courting whilst gay was likely easier in this period. Whilst there were restrictions and rules for straight couples and chaperones haunted their every step, none of this would happen if two people of the same gender stepped out together. Two gentleman going to the opera together or dining at a restaurant or attending a ball together (dancing in public was unlikely) or two ladies promenading in the park or attending a concert would not be examined like a courting couple. They would have more freedom to move around but of course, with legal impediments PDA was kept a minium. Whilst they wouldn't be allowed to marry legally, there was little stopping couples from moving in together. Nobody would say much about two spinsters sharing a home or two bachelors crashing together

#Etiquette of the Edwardian Era and La Belle Époque Courting #Courting #Courtship #The Edwardian Era #belle epoque #The gilded age #Edwardian #Etiquette #Fantasy Guide #Writing guide #Writing resources #Writing resource #Writer resource #Writer's resources #Writing reference #Writer reference #Writer's reference #writing #writeblr #writing resources #writing reference #writing advice #writer #spilled words #writers

[toskarin]

there's some actual interesting differences in norms and etiquette around filesharing/piracy/plagiarism/etc that pop up between japan and other countries with prolific modding scenes, notable because they cause a lot of friction when toes get stepped on, but unfortunately you've got to put a flag up every five words that tells people to be normal about it (and that observing this difference in online community culture is not an excuse to turn on your 19th century orientalist voice)

[boylerpf]

Attending theatrical premieres was a characteristic habit of the aristocracy of the 19th century. The artists of the imperial theaters enjoyed great respect and sometimes even the patronage of the Romanovs. On the occasion of various memorable dates, they traditionally received precious gifts from the monarchs.

While in the theater, the noble public could not only enjoy the performance, but also discuss the latest news and make important contacts. Therefore, visiting theaters, especially imperial ones, was the same social event as a ball or an official reception. Going to the theater, like going out into society, meant observing certain rules of etiquette regarding clothing and accessories. Thus, the lady’s outfit had to be quite restrained, but complemented with jewelry and elegant accessories, such as theater binoculars by Faberge.

These diamond-studded pink enamel theater binoculars can be admired as a tour de force in their own right, especially when held up to the wearer's face during a theater performance. In this work we see the richness of decor in the Rococo style characteristic of the Faberge master Mikhail Perkhin. 1898-1903

Source - Faberge Museum

#gold #antique #accessories #accessory #jewelry #binoculars #diamond #enamel #faberge #antique jewelry #opera #opera glasses

[is-the-19thcentury-man-okay]

Rating: NOT CUTE.

The vogue in 1840s men, incorrectly believed to be docile and low-maintenance, has led to many scenes like this. Even worse, some will indulge this behaviour, as though all that plaid-clad cake couldn't do wrong!

These 1840s men need immediate intervention with a book of etiquette: direct his attention to a chapter on the evils of tobacco, a crass and low habit. Giving your 1840s man the fringed joinville necktie or silly little walking stick he desires is harmless; his constant smoking is not!

Never be seen in cigar divans or billiard rooms; they are frequented, at best, by an equivocal set. Nothing good can be gained there; and a man loses his respectability by being seen entering or coming out of such places.

— Etiquette; or, A guide to the usages of society, with a glance at bad habits (1843)

#is the 19th century man okay #mid 19th century #not cute #1840s #smoking #etiquette #resources #two illustrations from 1840s books by albert r. smith #dissipation and decadence

[euphoricfilter]

Ddlg/bunny hybrid/vampire - Jin? Or namjoon maybe? “Careful bunny, your to little for that”

lavender lemonade:

pairing: vampire! namjoon x bunny hybrid! reader

genre: fluff || non-idol au || established relationship || 19th century au || hybrid au || vampire au

summary: you love spring and namjoon loves you.

word count: 1.1k

tags/ warnings: fluff, blood, dd/lg themes, 19th century vampire lover namjoon who’s obsessed with his pretty bunny love, suggestive content

notes: prompt from this drabble game!! and yes i did look up if lemonade existed in the 19th century :’)

─── ･ ｡ﾟ☆: .☽ . :☆ﾟ. ───

Spring had always been your favourite, watching the world bloom flowers of every colour; where the air smelt sweeter, and the sun kissed your cheeks warm of a morning, peeking through holes in clouds and gaps in the leaves of trees, while butterflies fluttered their delicate wings and birds glide on a soft breeze over the hills.

You liked spring because Namjoon would take you away for a season, having been cooped up for three of them in a year, his planned trips to a small cottage in the wildflower field had soon become your favourite. And maybe it was because it was just the two of you, no maids tittering about how handsome their master was, nor any sour looking etiquette teachers that simply didn’t like you for the fact you we’re betrothed to Namjoon, a vampire of all things.

Where the whole world was seemingly against your relationship with him, though he never seemed to take much notice of the gossip that echoed down the halls like ghosts were whispering secrets to any passer-by.

With his position as duke in high society he doubted many people would ever truly speak up against his relationship with you, warnings of men that had mysteriously disappeared after objecting your engagement enough of a threat, that no one had stepped forward to stop Namjoon’s impending marriage with you.

The controversy stemmed from him being part of the vampiric population; small but ever growing. Sub-human as society had deemed them, your kind even lesser known about than his.

But as much as the rest of the high society wanted to banish him and yourself from the country, he’d established his own dukedom, built himself up from the ashes; a roaring flame that took and took and took until the royals feared what his next move would be, simply letting him live among them to placate the rage they knew simmered underneath his skin.  

And you often worried the hearsay of him being associated with the devil, perhaps moulded by a witch, awful awful rumours about vampires being spread across lands far from your own, though your worry only seemed to sink Namjoon further into the abyss of loving you, where he’d sunk so deep, he could no longer see the light, no longer grasp onto any surface to bring him out of this new world. One where he was solely consumed by your very existence.

Spring was Namjoon’s favourite because it was yours, whatever you loved he loved too. His precious little bunny, where he planned to serve you the world on a platter encrusted with diamonds, even if it meant he had to commit treason, overthrowing the king and taking the crown as his prize, a shiny little gift to keep your eyes shimmering like the stars you cherished.

He adored your very existence, worshipped the ground you stood on, body ever so delicate he made sure you never had to lift a finger if he knew it were to bring any damage.

He brought you to the flower field every spring, made sure he had gardeners working all year round just for this moment. He often paints a picture of your face in his mind, never letting other lowly painter to stare at your precious face for too long; for that was his job, having you sit for hours as brush meets page and then your face hung on every blank wall of the estate.

You always spend the spring together; he leaves work behind and every waking hour he dedicates to you.

The first night at the cottage is always the same, with you laid over Namjoon’s lap as he plays the piano; your legs hanging off the edge of the bench, where a stray cat would often slip through an open window and tickle your toes with its little button nose before settling over your chest.

With those silent sleepy moment before bed when Namjoon’s lips skim over your wrist, pointed canines barely brushing over your skin until you’re muffling a whine behind your free hand when his teeth sink into you. As much of a claim on you as it is his meal, mark never truly healing before he’s sinking his fangs back into your pretty skin.

Every morning Namjoon would brush your hair, always careful of your bunny ears before fluffing out your tail and dressing you in frilly dresses with frilly socks and bows in your hair and around your cotton tail; calling you his pretty doll before he’s carrying you into the kitchen, sitting you on the counter as he feeds you little pieces of bread dipped in honey. Lips sticky and kiss deliciously sweet, always teasing with his tongue and impatient fingers that flitter over delicate skin, under skirts and over places no one else will ever see nor ever get a glimpse of.

He sits on a chair under a tree while you lay on the grass, fragile fingers making matching daisy chain crowns and rings made of even smaller flowers; you like to pretend you’re already married, giggling when he presses kisses to each and every one of your fingertips before he’s pushing the dainty flower ring onto your finger, and asking once again if you’ll tie your soul to his for the rest of eternity.

He particularly enjoys feeding you fresh fruit of an afternoon, thumb brushing over sun-kissed cheeks and watching as you lick the sweet juice from the pads of his fingers. Maybe indulging you with his thumb pressing down on your tongue, feeling you hollow your cheeks as he reads you a novel as the sky blends from bright blue to burnt oranges and lilacs.  

“Careful bunny, you’re too little for that” his fingers grasp your wrist, other hand plucking the small garden scissors from your fingers, “Let me do it for you” he brushes your hair behind your ear.

Your fingers fiddle with the lacy trim of your skirt, watching Namjoon brush gentle fingers over flimsy petals, you hum when he touches over a flower you’re particularly fond of, watching as he snips the stem, handing it to you ready for the bouquets you planned to put in vases around the cottage.

You sneeze, sound akin to a squeak when you press a flower too close to your nose, pollen ticklish until you’re giggling, hands holding onto Namjoon’s bulging biceps, so you don’t tip over.

“You’ll give yourself a headache small thing, here” he plucks a piece of lavender from the soil, rubbing the corolla between his fingers.

You watch as he brings them up to your nose, and he watches as it twitches in interest, “We should make lavender lemonade” your voice barely above a whisper, soft, carried by the warm spring breeze.

Lavender fingertips brush against your cheek, and you feel the silky residue cling to your skin, “Cute” a deep laugh rumbles from Namjoon’s chest, smile wide enough that his dimples show.

Your eyes flutter closed when he leans forward, kiss pressed over the lavender tinge on your cheek, “Lavender lemonade sounds delicious, my love”

🌼 thank you for reading!! feedback is always encouraged <3

permanent taglist: @m1sss1mp @supernoonanyc

#bts fanfic #bts #bts fic #namjoon imagine #namjoon fluff #bts fluff #namjoon fanfic #namjoon x reader #bts au fanfic #bts au #bts non idol au #bts vampire au #bts hybrid x reader #bts hybrid fic #bts smut #bts au fic

[nyeigneous]

Hart Siebert 哈特·塞伯特

Age: 42 年龄：四十二岁

Birth: 21/07/1896 生日：一八九六年七月二十一日

Height: 182cm 身高：一百八十二厘米

Build: Brawny 体型：健壮

Appearance:

Hart has bright olive-green eyes, a high nose, brown messy curly hair, thick beard. Most of the time he looks serious and sullen.

His hands are very large, rough and powerful, covered with a cocoon.

Hart doesn't care much about dressing. He usually wears a rough fur coat, leather shin guards, and a red scarf to cover the huge scar on his neck,

明亮的橄榄绿色眼睛，高鼻梁，有着浓密的棕色卷发和连鬓胡子。大部分时间看起来都很严肃而阴沉。

双手非常大，粗糙有力，覆盖着一层茧子。

哈特不是很在意着装。通常他穿着粗糙的毛皮外套，兽皮绑腿，以及一条挡住脖子上的巨大伤疤的红色围巾。

Personality:

Hart is a serious and silent man, with a great sense of responsibility.

Many people think he is a simple and clumsy honest man when they look at him working without any words. In fact, Hart is very careful. He just rarely talks about his ideas, because they are usually very complex and negative.

He is not good at dealing with people and is often confused by social etiquette because he lives alone for a long time and separates from society, so most think he is a freak who only knows how to deal with animals.

Hart has no regular education and had difficulty reading and writing. But he knows clearly what is good and right because he has experienced bad and dark things.

Generally speaking, Hart is not a person easy to get along with, people just need some time to understand his kind nature.

哈特是一个严肃并且沉默的人，有着很强的责任心。

很多人看着他一声不哼闷头干活儿的样子都以为他是个简单而笨拙的老实人，其实哈特很细心，他只是很少谈及自己的想法，因为这些想法通常都非常复杂并且消极。

他长期独居，脱离社会，不是很擅长处理人情世故，社交礼仪通常会让他感到困惑，所以很多人都觉得他是个只会跟动物打交道的怪人。

哈特没有受过常规的教育，读书和写字都有困难。但是他经历过不好的事情，正因为如此，他才知道什么是好的和对的。

总体来说哈特并不是个容易相处的人，人们需要花点时间才能了解他的善良的本性。

Weapons and skills:

Short Magazine Lee-Enfield, hatchet

Hart is good at using guns and cold weapons, which makes him an efficient and professional hunter. His strong build even allows him to deal with large and dangerous animals on his own. 李恩菲尔德步枪，短斧。

哈特擅长枪械和冷兵器的使用，这令他成为了一个高效而专业的猎人。他的健壮体格足以让他独自应对大型的危险猎物。

���贵之物：李恩菲尔德步枪（妻子送给他的）

恐惧之物：他总是梦到妻子站在无边无尽的驯鹿群中，任凭他怎么叫喊都没有回应，跟随着鹿角沾满鲜血的鹿群走向远方（每到锯鹿茸的季节，驯鹿的头上都血粼粼的，这个画面给哈特留下了很深的印象）。

Important people:  late wife Tantoo Schweig Precious things:  Lee-Enfield (Tantoo gave it to him)

Fear: He always dreams that his wife stands in the endless herd of reindeer. No matter how he shouts, she does not respond, following the deer with blood antlers to the distance.

重要的人：他已故的妻子Tantoo Schweig

宝贵之物：李恩菲尔德步枪（妻子送给他的）

恐惧之物：他总是梦到妻子站在无边无尽的驯鹿群中，任凭他怎么叫喊都没有回应，跟随着鹿角沾满鲜血的鹿群走向远方（每到锯鹿茸的季节，驯鹿的头上都血粼粼的，这个画面给哈特留下了很深的印象）。

Other：

In his spare time, he plays harmonica and makes wood carvings;

Can play a little banjo; 他空闲的时候会吹口琴，做木雕，会一点班卓琴；

Excessive drinking; 有酗酒问题；

When he is in a bad mood, he says nothing; 心情不好的时候会一言不发；

His eyelashes are long. 睫毛很长。

History:

黄石的童年 The childhood in Yellow Stone

哈特的祖先是十九世纪初期来到加拿大北部做皮料生意的俄罗斯移民。

Hart's ancestors are Russian immigrants who came to northern Canada to do fur business in the early 19th century.

哈特出生于黄石的普通护林员的家庭，但是由于他暴虐的父亲，他有着一个不幸福的童年

Hart is born into a family of a ranger in Yellowstone, he has an unfortunate childhood because of his tyrannical father.

1908年，哈特十二岁，父亲又一次因为醉酒而对他的母亲施暴，不堪忍受的哈特拿起父亲的猎枪射穿了他的喉咙，惊慌失措的母亲试图治疗他的伤口，但无济于事。草草埋葬父亲后，母亲带着哈特去镇上寻找他的亲生父亲，一个风流倜傥的治安官。但是这个男人非但没有接纳母子俩，还粗暴地将他们赶走。哈特不忍心看到母亲卑微的样子，决定要靠自己的力量照顾好两个人。

In 1908, Hart is 12 years old, his father beats his mother up again when he is drunk. Hart takes his father's shotgun and shoots him in the throat. His panicked mother tries to treat his wound but to no avail.

After burying his father, his mother takes Hart to town to find his real father, a dashing sheriff. But instead of accepting them, the man violently drove them away. Hart could not bear to see her mother humble look, decides to rely on his ability to take care of them two.

威廉姆斯先生Mr. Williams

哈特与母亲一起东躲西藏了很多年，才在阿拉斯加的一处僻静村落定居。但是由于长期遭受家暴，和男人的抛弃，母亲的精神和身体健康都非常糟糕，终日以泪洗面，年幼的哈特被迫担任起养家糊口的重任。为了肉类食物，哈特决定学习打猎，并且找到镇上的武器铺老板兼职猎人的威廉姆斯先生（62岁）那里学习枪械技巧。而这个勤奋而颇具天赋的男孩很快引起了这个独居怪老头的兴趣。

Hart and his mother hide together for many years before settling down in a secluded village in Alaska. At that time, his mother’s mental and physical health is very bad because of the long-term domestic violence, and the abandonment of man.

Young Hart is forced into the role of breadwinner. For meat, Hart decides to learn to hunt and goes to the town's arms shop owner, Mr. Williams (62 years old), who is a part-time hunter too, to learn firearms skills. The industrious and talented boy soon carries the interest of the strange old man.

威廉姆斯先生曾经参加过南北战争，炮弹的碎片夺走了他的一只眼睛和一条手臂，但是也并未影响他精湛的枪械技巧。他为人颇具军人风格，不苟言笑，勇敢而富有责任心，但是同时又心思缜密，这些都深深影响了哈特。同时，无妻无子的威廉姆斯年事已高，自然而然得认Hart作为自己的徒弟和助理，两人合作无间，成了当地小有名气的猎人组合。

Mr. Williams fought in the Civil War, and shrapnel from a shell took his an eye and an arm, but it did not affect his skill as a shooter. He is a military man, unsmiling, brave and responsible, but also thoughtful, which deeply influences Hart.

At that time, Williams recognizes Hart as his apprentice and assistant because he has no wife and no children. These two people cooperate well, becomes a local famous hunter combination.

冰封的河Frozen River

哈特十七岁那年，一只来自育空的狩猎队伍邀请师徒两人加入其中，但是因为哈特母亲的身体状况急速恶化，哈特只能拒绝了这份差使，专心照顾母亲。但是在来年的春天，他的母亲最终还是选择了自杀。

When Hart is 17, a hunting party from the Yukon invites Williams and Hart to join them. Hart turns down the offer because his mother's health deteriorates rapidly. In the following spring, she still committed suicide.

母亲的自杀对于母子俩都是一个解脱。因为她的歇斯底里，哈特长期生活在巨大的心理压力之下，甚至在七岁那年险些被发作的母亲掐死在梦中。但是他的责任感让他尽其所能照顾好母亲的饮食起居，并且体谅安慰她的情绪。然而，当他远远看到母亲走向正在冰封的河面时，他犹豫了很久，并没有去救她。这个选择令哈特自责了很多年，一度怀疑自己是不是像父亲一样也是个邪恶并且有暴力倾向的人。有很长一段时间，哈特不愿意跟别人交流，也拒绝进一步发展关系。

Mother's suicide is a relief for both of them.

Hart lives under great psychological pressure for a long time because of his mother's hysteria. When he is seven years old, he is almost strangled in a dream by her.

But Hart's sense of responsibility makes him do his best to take care of his mother's daily life, and sympathize with and comfort her mood. However, that day when he sees his mother walking towards the frozen river from a distance, he hesitates and doesn't save her. This choice makes Hart blame himself for many years.

He doubts whether he is an evil and violent man like his father. For a long time, Hart is unwilling to communicate with others and refuses to any further relationships.

母亲去世后，哈特变卖了所有的家当，跟着威廉姆斯先生告别了家乡，踏上了前往加拿大的旅程。年轻的哈特精湛的射击技巧和枪械维护技能很快得到了团队的认可，在队伍里也有了一席之地。在旅行的第五个年头，威廉姆斯先生因故去世，至此以后哈特就要一个人面对这个世界了。

After his mother died, Hart sells all his possessions and follows Mr. Williams on his journey to Canada. The young Hart's excellent shooting and gun maintenance skills are quickly earning him a place on the team. Five years into the trip, Mr. Williams died, and Hart is left to face the world alone.

Tantoo

哈特27岁那年，认识了他生命中最重要的人，他的妻子Tantoo Schweig 坦图·施维克。她是白人和北美土著的混血，职业是狩猎向导和训犬师。Tantoo的热情和勇敢令哈特吃惊，因为在此之前，他只接触过像母亲那样卑微而痛苦的女性。

When Hart is 27, he meets the most important person in his life, his wife Tantoo Schweig. She is a mixed blood of white and Indian, her occupation is hunting guide and dog trainer. Tantoo's enthusiasm and courage surprise Hart because he has only meet humble and painful women like his mother before.

完全不懂得人际交往的哈特在Tantoo面前总是笨手笨脚，甚至非常自卑。然而Tantoo透过哈特粗糙而沉默的外表看到了他的善良本性，包容了他的过去，并且接受了他的追求。两人一起旅行了一年后决定结婚。他们回到Tantoo在阿拉斯加的老家，开始经营驯鹿牧场。

Hart, who doesn't understand interpersonal communication at all, is always clumsy in front of Tantoo. However, Tantoo sees Hart's kind nature through Hart's rough and silent appearance, she understands his past and accepts his pursuit. After traveling together for a year, the two decide to get married. They return to Tantoo's hometown in Alaska and begin to run a reindeer ranch.

熊和驯鹿Bear and reindeer

婚后的第三年，哈特的妻子连同她腹中的孩子一起死于一场意外。驯鹿群受到棕熊的惊扰开始失控狂奔，为了控制鹿群，哈特的妻子坠下山崖，而哈特也被棕熊袭击，在他的脖子留下了几乎令他丧命的巨大的伤口。

The third year after marriage, pregnant Tantoo dies in an accident. The reindeer herd is disturbed by the bear and begins to run wildly. Tantoo falls off the cliff when trying to control the deer herd. Hart is attacked by the bear. The bear leaves huge wounds on Hart's neck that almost kill him.

妻子的死几乎令哈特崩溃，他离开阿拉斯加地区，开始守林人的工作。酗酒和独自一人的生活几乎令他变成了那个他最痛恨的父亲的样子，像一头藏在森林里的怪兽，毫无怜悯之心地击退所有闯入者，以及报复性地杀死棕熊。然而这样并没有令他感觉更好受一点。

Hart almost collapsed when his wife died. He leaves Alaska and begins to work as a ranger.

Drinking and living alone makes him the father he hates most - like a monster hiding in the forest, fighting off all intruders without mercy and killing bears in revenge. However, it doesn't make him feel better.

禁止狩猎No Hunting

1932年，哈特（36岁）遇到了加什（39岁）。这名阴险狡诈而疯癫的英国人是狩猎小队的一员，额头上有一条非常显眼的伤疤，嘴里永远都叼着一根烟 。当时，这只小队正试图捕捉哈特的管辖区域内的头狼。

In 1932, Hart (36) meets Garth (39). This insidious, cunning and crazy Englishman is a member of a hunting team. He has a very prominent scar on his forehead and always has a cigarette in his mouth. At that time, the team is hunting gray wolves in Hart's jurisdiction.

两人的第一次相遇就是一场恶战。哈特打伤了他们队伍中的两名成员，将他们逼出了林区。但是加什却只身一人回来用霰弹枪偷袭了他。从那之后，几乎每隔几天，加什就要挑衅一下哈特，试探他的耐心的底线。虽然哈特擅长射击和搏斗，但是在偷袭和反侦察方面，加什似乎技高一筹，这几乎令哈特防不胜防。

The first time they meet is a fierce battle.

Hart wounds two members of their team and drives them out of the forest. But Garth comes back alone and attacks him with his shotgun.

Since then, almost every few days, Garth challenges Hart and tests the bottom line of his patience. Although Hart is good at shooting and fighting, Garth seems to be better at sneak attacks and anti reconnaissance, which makes Hart almost impossible to predict Garth's actions.

But to be honest, the battle that Garth starts saves Hart. In order to fight better, he has to quit drinking, take in enough nutrition to support high-intensity activities, and keep focused and vigilant for a long time, which also makes his mind clearer and his mood more stable.

On the contrary, the crazy and reckless self-destruction-style attack that has been adopted by Garth is quickly consuming his energy.

但是实话说，加什挑起的这场战斗拯救了哈特。为了更好地战斗，他不得不戒酒，摄入足够的营养来支撑高强度的活动，长期保持专注和警惕也让他的头脑更加清楚，情绪更稳定。相反，对面加什一直采用的疯狂而不计后果的自毁式的攻击则在很快地消耗这个偷猎者的精力。

没有结局的结局No ending

这场荒诞的对决几乎持续了半年。在一个初雪之日，哈特终于将加什逼到绝路，用来复枪指着他，问他为什么要这样做。而加什只是简单地回答说因为他想死。哈特想起了自己的母亲，当时的她掐着他的脖子又哭又笑，说她想死。

哈特收起了枪，转身离开了。

The absurd duel lasts almost half a year. On a snowy day, Hart finally forces Garth to a dead end, points a gun at him, and asks him why he does it. Garth simply replies that he wants to die.

This makes Hart thinks of his mother. That day when he is a little boy, she pinches his neck, cries and laughs, and says she wants to die.

Hart puts away his gun and turns away.

于是这场危险的游戏悄然无声的结束了。冬天到来，大雪将所有发生过的一切都掩埋了。加什则像被按下了什么开关一样，完全停止了攻击和挑衅，只是时不时出现在哈特的篝火旁，但是没有带枪。哈特产生了一种错觉，他觉得自己像是原始人，而加什则是人类历史上第一只被驯服的狼。

The dangerous game ends quietly. When winter comes, the heavy snow buries everything that has happened.

Garth stops the attack and provocation as if he has been pressed a switch on his body. He just appears by Hart's campfire from time to time, but he doesn't carry a gun. Hart has an illusion that he feels like a primitive man, and Garth is the first domesticated wolf in human history. 哈特对这个有着 “育空疯狗”外号的男人有所耳闻。他以他那不可理喻的反社会性格和独一无二的博物学知识在猎人的社交圈里非常有名，只要有他出现的地方，就必定伴随着口角和争斗；无论是谁，跟他合作必定要承担极大的心理压力和风险。

但是哈特对这些传闻都不感兴趣。以他照顾过母亲的经验，他知道加什一定是经历过什么很严重的事情才变成这样的。但是他也没有兴趣知道。

Hart has heard of this man with the nickname "Yukon mad dog". With his unreasonable antisocial character and unique natural history knowledge, he is very famous in the hunter's social circle. As long as there is a place where he appears, it must be accompanied by quarrels and fights; Whoever cooperates with him must bear great psychological pressure and risk.

But Hart is not interested in these rumors. With his experience of taking care of his mother, he knows that Garth must have experienced something very serious to become like this. But he is not interested in knowing.