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newsupdate-1 · 2 years

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Specialty Food Ingredients Market Latest Trends, Growth Rate, Drivers And Regional Forecast

According to a new study published by Polaris Market Research the global specialty food ingredients market is anticipated to reach USD 67.76 billion by 2026. The specialty food ingredient sector has outperformed other wider sectors of the food & beverage industry. This is due to the shift in dynamics within the food & beverage industry such as the changing consumer demands for more organic, natural and highly nutritious processed foodstuffs. Several studies have shown that the relationship between the specialty ingredients and processed food industry are evolving due to higher levels of collaborative innovation and product developments to fulfill stringent regulations and new consumer trends. A larger share of the value chain has been dominated by a relatively smaller number of ingredient suppliers, thus creating valuation and margin opportunities globally.

Get Sample copy of this report: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-sample

These products also add to higher sustainability during processing of food, apart from offering their conventional functions for the food stuff. The components help to increase efficiency in food processing by limiting the quantity of raw material requirements and making the optimum use of it. Moreover, with their nutritional, technological and health related functions these product also offer other advantages such as enhancement of taste, higher food safety, and extended food choices and affordability. These factors have been crucial in considering specialty ingredients an integral part of the food supply and hence demand of these micro and macro constituents of food is expected to surge substantially in the immediate future. Also, the food industry being a innovation driven, the specialty ingredients sector is a key contributor in enhancing the competitiveness of the entire value chain.

Key Findings from the study suggest that the largest share of the market in 2017 was of the Asia Pacific region. The region has been a substantially influential market in supply of these products to the other regions. China is one of the largest industries in the Asia Pacific and also globally with presence of an extensively diverse ingredient manufacturing sector with over hundreds of multinational and national players currently operating in the country. Some of the imperative factors for the higher growth of the regional industry include the increasing spending power, burgeoning economies, presence of a youthful population, growing westernization of FMCG market, increasing urbanization and a mounting interest in health and wellness among the consumers. North America is another significant market, which is home to most of the leading multinational ingredient manufacturers. The U.S. is the largest producer of these products in the region with over 85% of the companies concentrated in the country.

Some of the global manufacturers in the market include Cargill Inc., Royal DSM N.V., DuPont, Tate & Lyle, CHR. Hansen Holding A/S, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Kerry Group, Ingredion, General Mills, BASF, ABS Food and Givaudan.

Request For Discount: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-discount-pricing

About Polaris Market Research

Polaris Market Research is a global market research and consulting company. The company specializes in providing exceptional market intelligence and in-depth business research services for our clientele spread across different enterprises. We at Polaris are obliged to serve our diverse customer base present across the industries of healthcare, technology, semi-conductors and chemicals among various other industries present around the world

Polaris Market Research

Phone: 1-646-568-9980

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.polarismarketresearch.com

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udaycmi · 3 years

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Specialty Food Ingredients Market 2021 Future Growth Analysis and Challenges

Get Sample copy of this report: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-sample

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About Polaris Market Research

Polaris Market Research

Phone: 1-646-568-9980

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.polarismarketresearch.com

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marketnews2021 · 3 years

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Several studies have shown that the relationship between the specialty ingredients and processed food industry are evolving due to higher levels of collaborative innovation and product developments to fulfill stringent regulations and new consumer trends. A larger share of the value chain has been dominated by a relatively smaller number of ingredient suppliers, thus creating valuation and margin opportunities globally.

Request for sample copy of this report @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-sample

These factors have been crucial in considering specialty ingredients an integral part of the food supply and hence demand of these micro and macro constituents of food is expected to surge substantially in the immediate future. Also, the food industry being a innovation driven, the specialty ingredients sector is a key contributor in enhancing the competitiveness of the entire value chain.

Some of the imperative factors for the higher growth of the regional industry include the increasing spending power, burgeoning economies, presence of a youthful population, growing westernization of FMCG market, increasing urbanization and a mounting interest in health and wellness among the consumers. North America is another significant market, which is home to most of the leading multinational ingredient manufacturers. The U.S. is the largest producer of these products in the region with over 85% of the companies concentrated in the country.

Request for Discount on This Report @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-discount-pricing

About Polaris Market Research

Polaris Market Research

Phone: 1-646-568-9980

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.polarismarketresearch.com

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hello-jyotika-me · 3 years

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Global Paid Video Platform Market CAGR, Volume and Value 2020-2026

Summary – A new market study, “Global 5G Optical Module Market Report 2020” has been featured on WiseGuyReports.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 disease began to spread around the world, millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19 disease, and major countries around the world have implemented foot prohibitions and work stoppage orders. Except for the medical supplies and life support products industries, most industries have been greatly impacted, and 5G Optical Module industries have also been greatly affected.

In the past few years, the 5G Optical Module market experienced a growth of xx, the global market size of 5G Optical Module reached xx million $ in 2020, of what is about xx million $ in 2015.

Also Read: https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/529612246/smartphone-market-global-industry-analysis-by-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2020-2026

From 2015 to 2019, the growth rate of global 5G Optical Module market size was in the range of xxx%. At the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to erupt in China, Due to the huge decrease of global economy; we forecast the growth rate of global economy will show a decrease of about 4%, due to this reason, 5G Optical Module market size in 2020 will be xx with a growth rate of xxx%. This is xxx percentage points lower than in previous years.

As of the date of the report, there have been more than 20 million confirmed cases of CVOID-19 worldwide, and the epidemic has not been effectively controlled. Therefore, we predict that the global epidemic will be basically controlled by the end of 2020 and the global 5G Optical Module market size will reach xx million $ in 2025, with a CAGR of xxx% between 2020-2025.

Also Read: https://www.newsmaker.com.au/news/379615/pet-sitting-and-daycare-software-market-2020-global-share-trend-segmentation-analysis-and-forecast-to-2026#.X33_0WgzaM8

This Report covers the manufacturers’ data, including: shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as price data.

Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, industry segment, channel segment etc. cover different segment market size, both volume and value. Also cover different industries clients information, which is very important for the manufacturers. If you need more information, please contact BisReport

Also Read: https://industrytoday.co.uk/manufacturing/india-platinum-jewellery-market-2020-share-trend-segmentation-and-forecast-to-2025

Section 1: Free——Definition

Section (2 3): 1200 USD——Manufacturer Detail

Finisar Corporation

Innolight

Hisense

Accelink

HG Genuine

Avago Technologies

Lumentum

Acacia Communications

Intel

Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd

Fujitsu Optical Components Limited

Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI)

Eoptolink Technology

TE Connectivity

Inphi Corp.

Mellanox

Brocade

Also Read: https://icrowdnewswire.com/2021/01/08/direct-store-delivery-software-market-global-industry-analysis-size-share-trends-growth-and-forecast-2021-2026/

Section 4: 900 USD——Region Segmentation

North America Country (United States, Canada)

South America

Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)

Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)

Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)

Section (5 6 7): 500 USD——

Product Type Segmentation

Fronthaul Optical Module

Middlehaul Optical Module

Backhaul Optical Module

Industry Segmentation

5G Macro Site

5G Micro Site

Also Read: https://icrowdnewswire.com/2021/01/08/5g-optical-module-market-world-technology-development-status-industry-size-amp-share-segments-and-forecasts-2021-2025/

Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor) Segmentation

Section 8: 400 USD——Trend (2020-2025)

Section 9: 300 USD——Product Type Detail

Section 10: 700 USD——Downstream Consumer

Section 11: 200 USD——Cost Structure

Section 12: 500 USD——Conclusion

About Us:

Wise Guy Reports is part of the Wise Guy Research Consultants Pvt. Ltd. and offers premium progressive statistical surveying, market research reports, analysis & forecast data for industries and governments around the globe.

NORAH TRENT

[email protected]

Ph: +162-825-80070 (US)

Ph: +44 2035002763 (UK)

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anthemnz · 4 years

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Operating in a post-pandemic world: Technology and its opportunities

Source: Information Age

In the first instalment of our two-part series, ‘Operating in a post-pandemic world’, Anthem account manager Rachel Kaminer explores how technology will play a prominent role in revitalising New Zealand’s economy.

In the last two months, technology has emerged as the lifeline for every person, business and industry to stay productive and connected. Here at Anthem, we are no exception – Zoom happy hours and virtual team huddles have become the new norm.

Just before the outbreak of COVID-19, economic modelling by Xero and NZIER found a 20 per cent uptake in cloud-based technology could increase New Zealand’s GDP by up to 2.1 percent, adding up to $6.2 billion to the local economy annually.

While these exact numbers might differ today, technology will undoubtedly play a role in shaping the way our industry - and New Zealand’s economy at large – will emerge and bounce back from the impacts of the pandemic.

While most of us have adapted to this new, strange way of life, the question we need to ask ourselves is what lies ahead – for Anthem, our clients and for New Zealand as a whole?

Investing in tech from the bottom up

The pandemic has put a spotlight on the need for business resilience rooted in technology. From an organisational perspective, the impacts of lockdown have highlighted the need for accelerated technological adaptation and digital transformation across the board.

Businesses of all sizes need to think big and consider their long-term digital strategy. In the last two months, we have seen hundreds of our favourite micro and small businesses create a digital footprint to remain operational. This transition means income streams have been sustained through online orders, with platforms such as Maker2u and New Zealand Made Products Facebook group acting as sales and advertising channels.

Source: Maker2u

A new initiative from Manaaki - a network of business experts who provide support to the business community for free - has also played a key role in helping business quickly adapt. Manaaki recently teamed up with Swiftly to provide 1,000 kiwi businesses with an e-commerce website, free of charge, again reflecting the need for every company to think digitally.

But this is only a starting point. Post-pandemic, this sense of urgency around digital adaptation needs to be sustained. Reverting to our old ways is a missed opportunity.

The pandemic has accelerated the trend towards virtual workplaces, proving that remote work enabled via technology might be a more productive way of life. Big players such as Google and Amazon have announced their work from home policy until 2021, and IAG, New Zealand’s largest general insurer, has announced their staff will continue to work remotely.

Pukeko Rental Managers is another great example. During Alert Level 4, they switched to online home inspections and Zoom trainings and found it so successful they are continuing the digital operation indefinitely. With travel time essentially eliminated, they have increased productive outputs, streamlined processes by communicating online and increased automation.

Paving the way forward

Technology, and specifically cloud-based services, were key to speeding up recovery from the 2016 earthquake, and it is positioned to do the same with this economic shake up.

Our nation has a history of poor productivity, but lessons learnt during lockdown can pave the way for our future. We now know technology is key to adapting with the times, and that is what will catapult our productivity ratings and accelerate growth.

This is a wakeup call for us all to digitally adapt so we can be agile while navigating harsh economic conditions – something that is critical during these uncertain times. Embracing technology will lead to increased productivity, which is the fastest route to economic recovery.

On a macro level, the opportunities technology brings will lead to a more efficient economy. Investing in technology and in our local technology sector requires investment from individuals, companies and the Government, and now is the time to do so to help New Zealand reach its full potential.

Source: New Zealand Productivity Commission

The Productivity Commission’s most recent inquiry is a step in the right direction. The inquiry is investigating why New Zealand’s frontier firms – our most productive companies - are not as successful as they should be. The aim is to look at what the Government and businesses can to boost the productivity of these firms and as a result, spread the knowledge to businesses across the country.

This reinforces the need for a focus on technology as part of our future at the Government level, listing the key drivers of productivity growth as innovation, diffusion through the spread of technology, ideas and practices between firms, and reallocation.

The timing couldn’t be better for this kind of evaluation, and we encourage everyone to share their thoughts with the Commission, which is taking submissions until 1 September 2020 to address questions in the inquiry.

New Zealand is in a unique position – we have nearly eradicated the virus, are on the cusp of entering Level 1 lockdown and are now under an international spotlight ripe with opportunity – we can’t let this slip away.

*To participate, you can make a submission or get in touch at: [email protected]. Our proactivity is imperative to creating an economic policy that can permanently place New Zealand on the global stage.

The comms and marketing industry has adopted innovative ways of working in response to the pandemic. The question is which practices will marketers and PR specialists retain as we emerge in a post-pandemic world? In our next instalment of this series, we will be delving into what we see changing across our industry landscape – stay tuned!

#opinion

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blogyamini · 4 years

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Specialty Food Ingredients Market 2026 Global Overview and Growth Analysis | Top keyplayers

New York, NY 4 Dec 2019:According to a new study published by Polaris Market Research the global specialty food ingredients market is anticipated to reach USD 67.76 billion by 2026. The specialty food ingredient sector has outperformed other wider sectors of the food & beverage industry. This is due to the shift in dynamics within the food & beverage industry such as the changing consumer demands for more organic, natural and highly nutritious processed foodstuffs. Several studies have shown that the relationship between the specialty ingredients and processed food industry are evolving due to higher levels of collaborative innovation and product developments to fulfill stringent regulations and new consumer trends. A larger share of the value chain has been dominated by a relatively smaller number of ingredient suppliers, thus creating valuation and margin opportunities globally.

The sample for the study can be requested using the following link: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-sample

Some of the major players profiled in the Specialty Food Ingredients Market study include:

I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company

Cargill Inc.

Royal DSM N.V.

Naturex

Ingredion Inc.

Archer Daniels Midland Co.

Kerry Group PLC

Polaris Market research has segmented the Specialty Food Ingredients Market report on the basis of type, end-use type and region

Functional Ingredients

Flavors

Emulsifiers

Colors

Enzymes

Others

Convenience Foods

Confectionery & Bakery Food

Diary Food

Meat & Sea Food

Others

US.

Canada

France

Germany

Italy

India

Japan

China

Mexico

Brazil

Request for discount on this market study @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-discount-pricing

About Polaris Market Research

Mr. Likhil

Corporate Sales, USA

Polaris Market Research

Phone: 1-646-568-9980

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.polarismarketresearch.com

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omgsampada · 4 years

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Request for sample copy of this report @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-sample

Request for Discount on This Report @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/specialty-food-ingredients-market/request-for-discount-pricing

About Polaris Market Research

Polaris Market Research

Phone: 1-646-568-9980

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.polarismarketresearch.com

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margdarsanme · 4 years

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NCERT Class 12 Macro Economics Chapter 3 Money

NCERT Class 12 Micro Economics Solutions

Chapter-3 Money

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. What is Barter system? What are its drawbacks? [3 Marks]

Ans:Barter system of exchange is a system in which goods are exchanged for goods. It’s Drawbacks are: Lack of double coincidence of wants. Lack of divisibility. Difficulty in storing wealth. Absence of common measure of value. Lack of standard of deferred payment.

Q 2. What are the main functions of money? How does money overcome the shortcoming of a barter system? [6 Marks] Or Explain the problem of double coincidence of wants faced under barter system. How has money solved it? [CBSE 2013 ]

Ans: “Money is a matter of the following four functions: A medium, a measure, a standard, a store”. Money has overcome the short¬coming of a barter system in the following manner:

(a) Medium of exchange

Under barter system, there is lack of double coincidence of wants.

With money as a medium exchange individuals can exchange their goods and services for money and then use this money to buy other goods and services according to their needs and conveniences.

A buyer can buy goods through money and a seller can sell goods for money.

(b) Measure of value

Under barter system, there was no common measure of value. Money has also solved this difficulty.

As Geoffrey Crowther puts it, “Money acts as a standard measure of value to which all other things can be compared.” Money measures the value of economic goods.

Money works as a common denominator into which the values of all goods and services are expressed.

When we express the values of a commodity in terms of money, it is called price and by knowing prices of the various commodities, it is easy to calculate exchange ratios between them.

Under barter system it is very difficult to store wealth for future use.

Most of the goods are perishable and their storage requires huge space and transportation cost.

• Wealth can be conveniently stored in the form of money.

• Money can be stored without loss in value.

• Money can easily be stored for future use.

(d) Standard of deferred payments

Under barter system, transactions on deferred payments are not possible.

With money, the debtors make a promise that they will make payments on some future dates. In those situations money acts as a standard of deferred payments.

It has become possible because money has general acceptability, its value is stable, it is durable and homogeneous.

Q 3. What is transaction demand for money? How is it related to the value of transactions over specified period of time?

Ans: Deleted from syllabus. Not available Q 4. Why is speculative demand for money inversely related to the rate of interest?

Ans: Not available Deleted from syllabus

Q 5. What are the alternative definitions of money supply in India?[3-4 Marks]

Ans: The alternative definitions of money supply in India can be the four measures of money supply. They are explained as under:

Measures of M1 include: Currency notes and coins with the public (excluding cash in hand of all commercial banks) [C] Demand deposits of all commercial and co-operative banks excluding inter-bank deposits. (DD), Where demand deposits are those deposits which can be withdrawn by the depositor at any time by means of cheque. No interest is paid on such deposits.

Other deposits with RBI [O.D] M1 = C + DD + OD Where, Other deposits are the deposits held by the RBI of all economic units except the government and banks. OD includes demand deposits of semi-government public financial institutions (like IDBI, IFCI, etc.), foreign central banks and governments, the International Monetaiy Fund, the World Bank, etc. Measures of M2 M1[C + DD + OD] Post office saving deposits Measures of M3 M1 Time deposits of all commercial and co-operative banks. Where, Time deposits are the deposits that cannot be withdrawn before the expiry of the stipulated time for which deposits are made. Fixed deposit is an example of time deposit. Measures of M4 M3 Total deposits with the post office saving organization (excluding national savings certificates). Q 6. What is a ‘legal tender’? What is ‘fiat money’?

Ans: Legal tender: (a) Legally, money is anything proclaimed by law as a medium of exchange. (b) Paper notes and coins (together called currency) is money as a matter of law. (c) Nobody can refuse its acceptance as medium of exchange. FIAT Money: It is defined as a money which is under the ‘FIAT’ (order/authority) of the government to act as a money. Q 7. What is High powered money?

Ans: It is money produced by the RBI and the government. It consists of two things: currency held by the public and Cash reserves with the banks.

I. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

Q 1. Define Barter system. Ans: Barter system of exchange is a system in which goods are exchanged for goods. Q 2. What is meant by double coincidence of wants?

Ans: Double coincidence of wants means that goods in possession of two different persons must be useful and needed by each other. Q 3. Define Money.

Ans: Money is something which is generally acceptable as a medium of exchange and can be converted into other assets without loosing its time and value. Q 4. What is the basic characteristic of money?

Ans: Durability and weight. Q 5. What is the legal definition of money?

Ans: Legally, money is anything proclaimed by law as a medium of exchange. Paper notes and coins (together called currency) is money as a matter of law. Q 6. Define money supply.[CBSE Foreign 2004, 2031]

Ans: The stock of money held by the public at a point of time, in an economy, is referred to as the money supply. Money supply is a stock concept. Q 7. What items are included in the M3 measure of money supply?

Ans: M3(currency notes and coins with public + demand deposits of commercial and co-operative banks + other deposits with RBI), Time deposits of all commercial and co-operative banks. Q 8. State two components of money supply. [CBSE Sample Paper 2010] Or State the components of money supply. Or [CBSE 2010] What is included in money supply?[CBSE 2010C, 2011]

Ans:Currency notes and coins with public + demand deposits with the banks. Q 9. Define demand deposits.[CBSE 2013, Set I, HOTS ]

Ans: Demand deposits are those deposit which can be withdrawn by the depositor at any time by means of cheque. No interest is paid on such deposits. Q 10. What are time deposits in banks?[AI 2013, C Set I]

Ans: Time deposits are the deposits which can not be withdrawn before the expiry of the stipulated time for which deposits are made. Fixed deposit is an example of time deposit. Q 11. State the components of supply of money. [AT 2013 Set I]

Ans: Coins and currency notes with public. Demand deposits with banks. II.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(1 Mark)

Q 1. M1 in the money stock in India refers to: (a) Post office savings deposits. (b) Total post office deposits. (c) Currency plus demand deposits plus other deposits with the RBI. (d) Time deposits with banks.

Ans:(c) Q 2. Narrow money refers to:

(a) M1 (b) M2 (c) M3 (d) M4

Ans: (a) Q 3. Broad money refers to: (a) M1 (b) M2 (c) M3 (d) M4

Ans: (c) Q 4. The basic distinction between narrow and broad money is the (a) treatment of post office deposits (b) treatment of time deposits of banks (c) treatment of savings deposits of banks (d) treatment of currency

Ans:(b) Q 5. Read the following dialogue between two people: Sita : I want 1 kg of potatoes Rani : What will you give in exchange? Sita : I can give you 2 litres of milk in return for the potatoes. Rani: I don’t need milk. I want a pair of shoe Which of the following problems is being faced by Sita and Rani in their exchange process? (a) Lack of double coincidence of wants (b) Absence of common units of value (c) Lack of store of value (d) Lackl of standard of deferred payment.

Ans: (a) Q 6. Which of the following agency is responsible for issuing ? 1 currency note in India?[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

(a) Reserve Bank of India (b) Ministry of Commerce (c) Ministry of finance (d) Niti Aayog

Ans:(c) III. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3-4 Marks]

Q 1. Explain the ‘medium of exchange’ function of money.[CBSE Delhi 2014, AI 2013]

Ans: Money when used as a medium of exchange helps to eliminate the basic limitation of barter trade, that is, the lack of double coincidence of wants.

Individuals can exchange their goods and services for money and then can use this money to buy other goods and services according to their needs and convenience.

Thus, the process of exchange shall have two parts: a sale and a purchase.

The ease at which money is converted into other goods and services is called “liquidity of money”. Q 2. Explain the ‘ Unit of account’ function of money. [CBSE 2004C; AI 2007]

Ans: Another important function of money is that it serves as a common measure of value or a unit of account.

Under barter economy there was no common measure of value in which the values of different goods could be measured and compared with each other. Money has also solved this difficulty.

As Geoffrey Crowther puts it, “Money acts as a standard measure of value to which all other things can be compared.” Money measures the value of economic goods.

Money works as a common denominator into which the values of all goods and services are expressed. When we express the values of a commodity in terms of money, it is called price and by knowing prices of the various commodities, it is easy to calculate exchange ratios between them. Q 3. Explain Standard of deferred payments function of money.[CBSE Delhi 2004 C, 2007, 2012, Sample Paper 2013]

Ans: Credit has become the life and blood of a modem capitalist economy. In millions of transactions, instant payments are not made.

The debtors make a promise that they will make payments on some future date. In those situations money acts as a standard of deferred payments.

It has become possible because money has general acceptability, its value is stable, it is durable and homogeneous. Q 4. Explain Store of value function of money.[CBSE 2006, 2006C, 2007; AI 2007, 2013 C, Sample Paper 2013]

Ans: Wealth can be conveniently stored in the form of money. Money can be stored without loss in value. Savings are secured and can be used whenever there is a need. In this way, money acts as a bridge between the present and the future. Money means goods and services. Thus, money serves as a store of value. It is also known as asset function of money. Q 5. Explain the problem of double coincidence of wants faced under barter system. How has money solved it? [CBSE 2013 (Set-I)]

Ans: Under barter system, there is lack of double coincidence of wants. With money as a medium exchange individuals can exchange their goods and services for money and then use this money to buy other goods and services according to their needs and conveniences. A buyer can buy goods through money and a seller can sell goods for money. IV.TRUE OR FALSE Giving reasons, state whether the following statements are true or false.

Q 1. Standard of deferred payments led to capital formation and economic development of the economy.

Ans: True. It is so because credit has become the life and blood of a modem capitalist economy that leads to economic development of the country. Q 2. Measure of value function has removed the difficulty of lack of double coincidence of wants.

Ans: False. Medium of exchange function has removed the difficulty of lack of double coincidence of wants. Q 3. Store of value function of money facilitates transfer of purchasing power from present to future.

Ans: True. It facilitates transfer of purchasing power from present to future. Q 4. Money supply is a stock concept.

Ans: True. Money supply is a ‘stock concept’ as it is measured at a particular point of time. Q 5. M1 includes time deposits of commercial banks.

Ans: False. M1 includes currency notes and coins, demand deposits of commercial and cooperative banks and other deposits. Time deposit is a component of M3. Q 6. Money supply does not include money held by government and banking system.

Ans: True. As money held by them do not come into actual circulation in the country. Q 7. Lack of double coincidence of wants exists in barter exchange difficulty in simultaneous fulfilment of mutual wants of buyers and sellers.

Ans: True. It exists under barter exchange because of difficulty in simultaneous fulfilment of mutual wants of buyers and sellers. Note: As per CBSE guidelines, no marks will be given if reason to the answer is not explained. V. HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS

Q 1. Define high-powered money. [ 1 Mark]

Ans: High-powered money is money produced by the RBI and the government. It consists of two things: Currency held by the public and Cash reserves with the banks. Q 2. What are other deposit measures of M1? [1 Mark]

Ans: Other deposits are the deposits held by the RBI of all economic units except the government and banks. OD includes demand deposits of semi-government public financial institutions (like IDBI, IFCI, etc.), foreign central banks and governments, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, etc. Q 3. Why post office saving are less liquid than demand deposits? [1 Mark]

Ans: Post office saving banks are not as liquid as demand deposits with the banks (commercial or cooperative) as they are not chequeable account. However, saving deposits with post offices are more liquid than time deposits with the banks. Q 4. Explain why time deposits measures of M3 is less liquid than the demand deposits measure of Mr [3 Marks]

Ans: It is generally thought that time deposits with the banks are not as liquid as demand deposits, because the time deposits are not chequeable (i.e., these cannot be withdrawn through cheques drawn on them). However, loans against these time deposits can be easily taken. Hence, they can be used in times of need. Moreover, they can also be withdrawn at any time by forgoing some interest earned on them. Q 5. What are the characteristics or features of money? [3 Marks]

Ans: Durability: Money must be durable and not likely to deteriorate rapidly with frequent handling.

Currency notes and coins are being used repeatedly and shall continue to do so for many years.

Medium of exchange: Money is the thing that acts as a medium of exchange for the sale and purchase of goods and services.

Weight: Money must be light in weight. Paper money is better than metal coins because it is light in weight.

Measure of value: It not only serves as medium of exchange but also acts as a measure of value. The value of all the goods and services is expressed in terms of money. [ 1 Mark] VI. VALUE BASED QUESTIONS Q 1. Why is the use of money more convenient for exchange than barter system? Explain. [3 Marks]

Ans: Medium of Exchange Store of Value Standard of deferred payment Value: Empathy Q 2. Why do all the compensations in form of money than toys more convenient to an employee working in a toy manufacturing factory? [1 Mark]

Ans: There is lack of general acceptability in case of toys, while in the case of money there is general acceptability; so, he can purchase any goods and services with the help of money at any point of time and he does not have to face any problem of lack of double coincidence of wants. Value: Empathy

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deafeningmusicfury · 4 years

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Specialty Food Ingredients Market Size, Upcoming Trends Opportunities, Up-to-date Development Data and Global Research

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#Specialty Food Ingredients Market #Specialty Food Ingredients Market size

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latestmarketresearch · 4 years

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Global Dry-Cleaning And Laundry Services Market Will Generate Maximum Revenue From 2020 To 2022

JULY 27, 2020: Dry-Cleaning and Laundry Services Global Market Opportunities and Strategies To 2022 report from The Business Research Company provides the strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the global dry-cleaning and laundry services market.

Description:

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for the dry-cleaning and laundry services market? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The global dry-cleaning and laundry services market report to 2022 report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

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The report covers the following chapters

1. Executive Summary - The executive summary section of the report gives a brief overview and summary of the report

2. Report Structure - This section gives the structure of the report and the information covered in the various sections.

3. Market Characteristics - The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the dry-cleaning and laundry services market. This chapter also defines and describes the services and related goods covered in the report.

4. Product Analysis - The product analysis section of the report describes the leading products in the dry-cleaning and laundry services market along with key features and differentiators for those products.

5. Supply Chain - The supply chain section of the report defines and explains the key players in the dry-cleaning and laundry services industry supply chain.

6. Customer Information - This chapters covers recent customers’ trends/preferences in the global dry-cleaning and laundry services market.

7. Trends And Strategies - This chapter describes the major trends shaping the global dry-cleaning and laundry services market. This section highlights likely future developments in the market and suggests approaches companies can take to exploit these opportunities.

8. Current Global Laundry Scenario - This section provides the information on the current situation of the dry-cleaning and laundry service industry in seven global regions.

9. Materials Used In Dry-Cleaning And Laundry Services - This section provides a list of materials (washing machines, chemicals and others) used in the dry-cleaning and laundry services industry along with the background information on the materials.

10. Global Market Size And Growth - This section contains the global historic (2014-2018) and forecast (2018-2022) market values, and drivers and restraints that support and control the growth of the market in the historic and forecast periods.

11. Regional Analysis - This section contains the historic (2014-2018) and forecast (2018-2022) market value and growth and market share comparison by region.

12. Segmentation - This section contains the market values (2014-2022) and analysis for different segments.

13. Global Macro Comparison - The global dry-cleaning and laundry services market comparison with macro-economic factors gives the dry-cleaning and laundry services market size, percentage of GDP, and average dry-cleaning and laundry services market expenditure.

14. Regional Market Size and Growth - This section contains the region’s market size (2018), historic (2014-2018) and forecast (2018-2022) market value, and growth and market share comparison of countries within the region. Industry metrics covered in this section include: employees and enterprises. This report includes information on all the regions Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa and major countries within each region. The market overview sections of the report describe the current size of the market, background information, government initiatives, regulations, regulatory bodies, associations, corporate tax structure, investments, and major companies. This information is also given for the two largest economies in the world, the USA and China.

15. Competitive Landscape - This section covers details on the competitive landscape of the global dry-cleaning and laundry services market, estimated market shares and company profiles for the leading players.

16. Key Mergers And Acquisitions - This chapter gives the information on recent mergers and acquisitions in the market covered in the report. This section gives key financial details of mergers and acquisitions which have shaped the market in recent years.

17. Market Background - This section describes the personal services market of which the dry-cleaning and laundry services market is a segment. This chapter includes the global personal services market 2014-18 and 2018-22 values, and regional and country analyses for the personal services market.

18. Market Opportunities And Strategies - This section includes market opportunities and strategies based on findings of the research. This section also gives information on growth opportunities across countries, segments and strategies to be followed in those markets. It gives an understanding of where there is significant business to be gained by competitors in the next five years.

19. Conclusions And Recommendations - This section includes conclusions and recommendations based on findings of the research. This section also gives recommendations for dry-cleaning and laundry service providers in terms of product offerings, geographic expansion, price offerings, marketing strategies and target groups.

Appendix - This section includes details on the NAICS codes covered, abbreviations and currencies codes used in this report.

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Markets Covered:

By Type Of Service: Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners, dry-cleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated), linen and uniform supply

Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners is further segmented into coin-operated laundry routes and coin-operated laundry and dry-cleaning stores

Dry-cleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated) is further segmented into household and commercial laundries, dry-cleaning plants, garment pressing and agents for laundries, all other laundry and garment services

Linen and uniform supply is further segmented into linen supply and industrial launderers

By End-Use: Commercial dry-cleaning and laundry services, residential dry-cleaning and laundry services, coin-operated laundries and drycleaners

By Distribution Channel: offline, online

Companies Mentioned: Cintas Corp.; Elis SA; Aramark; UniFirst Corp.; Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH

Countries: China, Japan, India, Australia, USA, Brazil, UK, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Russia

Regions: Asia Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa

Time series: Five years historic and forecast.

Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita

Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.

Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.

Reasons to Purchase

• Outperform competitors using accurate up to date demand-side dynamics information.

• Identify growth segments for investment.

• Facilitate decision making on the basis of historic and forecast data and the drivers and restraints on the market.

• Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.

• Stay abreast of the latest customer and market research findings

• Benchmark performance against key competitors.

• Develop strategies based on likely future developments.

• Utilize the relationships between key data sets for superior strategizing.

• Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis

• Gain a global perspective on the development of the market.

Continued…………

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newsupdate-1 · 2 years

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Specialty Food Ingredients Market Growth, Opportunities, Forecast

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udaycmi · 3 years

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Specialty Food Ingredients Market To Witness A Pronounce Growth During Forecast Period

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thetruthseekerway · 4 years

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The Pandemic: Punishment or Blessing?

New Post has been published on https://www.truth-seeker.info/quran-science-2/the-pandemic-punishment-or-blessing/

The Pandemic: Punishment or Blessing?

By T. O. Shanavas

The Pandemic: Punishment or Blessing?

All Muslims accept that God is al-Kareem (The Most Generous). Muslims learned in madrasa that the Omni-Benevolent God is the source of all generosity.

But I never had an internally consistent satisfactory answer to my impasse over theodicy (the vindication of divine goodness and providence in view of the existence of evil), as well as the existence of the free will within Qadr of Allah (God knows everything and has already decided everything that will happen).

Muslim scholars have tried to circumvent the quandary as follows: Allah exists outside of time and space, beyond the cosmic veil in the Unseen. By contrast, we human beings can only conceive of realities within the framework of time and space.

Divine providence, or predestination, is a reality that exists beyond time and space, which means we are simply incapable of conceiving it with our limited rational faculties. Then, how do we, Muslims, respond to someone or a Muslim college student using same logic to vindicate polytheism and denies Tawhid (The Unification of oneness of God)? Coronavirus and social isolation gave me time to reflect on the topic and the coronavirus experience gave me the answer.

Allah created the earth and the universe. God offered Heavens and Mountains to take the responsibility of its care. But they refused, but later mankind accepted it. The dialogue between God and heavens, mountains and the plenum of gases enlightens us that as in the case of the animal kingdom these inanimate creatures also have self, consciousness, and subjectivity. The inanimate creations communicate with God in their own language that human does not understand.

God directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, “Come [into being], willingly or by compulsion.” They said, “We have come willingly.” (Qur’an 41:11) The seven heavens and the earth and whatever is in them exalt Him. And there is not a thing except that it exalts [Allah] by His praise, but you do not understand their [way of] exalting. Indeed, He is ever Forbearing and Forgiving” (Qur’an 17:34).

“We did indeed offer the Trust to the Heavens and the Earth and the Mountains; but they refused to undertake it, being afraid thereof: but man undertook it;- He was indeed unjust and foolish;” (Qur’an 33:72). God instructed man also : “And do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.” (Qur’an, 2:60), and elsewhere: “And do not desire corruption in the land. Indeed, God does not like corruptors.” (Qur’an 28:77)

The world has changed since then. Arrogant man self-glorified himself as the invincible lord of the world and assumes that everything on the earth is his personal property that can be used, abused, or wasted. All knowing God notices man’s dereliction of his duties by polluting the earth, the air, oceans, cutting down forests, and destroying the habitat of other communities of His creatures to satisfy man’s greed. The consequences of human ravages on the earth many?

For example:

100,000 citizens die every year in America alone from air pollution. Then, add up all the life lost in the rest of world (https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2019-04-08/100-000-americans-die-from-air-pollution-study-finds).

Climate change and pollution resulted from the self-indulgent human exploitation of the natural wealth apportioned for the entire divine creatures are responsible for a staggering extinctions 318 animal species to date that we know of (https://theecologist.org/2019/oct/04/rising-pollution-endangering-species).

Globally, 100,000 marine mammals die every year as a result of plastic pollution (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Ocean_Factsheet_Pollution.pdf).

Bees are the foundation for many sources of food, fruits, nuts, coffee, vegetable, etc., Honeybees are already under siege. Colony Collapse Disorder kills an alarming number of bees each year linked to some pesticides. If bee goes into extinction, the fruits, vegetable and grains will disappear from markets (https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/pollution-and-honeybees).

There are many more human inflicted mayhem on the ecosystem to list here. Muslims accept and speak frequently of the universe as a classroom and a testing ground for the adjudication of the sincerity of our faith in God. But few Muslims ever talk about God’s amazing immaculate organization of the universe. I believe that an understanding of the flawless configuration of the universe is extremely important to make a spiritual sense out of the coronavirus pandemic, the human ravage on the environment, the mass migration of refugees, etc. under the watch of Omni-Benevolent God.

God created the universe as a testing ground for his creatures while saving the Jannah for the righteous: ”And We shall assuredly try you until We know those of you who struggle and are steadfast, and try your tidings” (Qur’an 47:31). Allah is flawless in His process of creation and its products so that whatever He created have the potentiality to do what He indented them to execute.

A perfect machine functions by itself without its inventor’s constant intervention. Then only it is perfect and so says God: “Thou seest the mountains and thinkest them firmly fixed: but they shall pass away as the clouds pass away: (such is) the artistry of Allah, who disposes of all things in perfect order: for he is well acquainted with all that ye do.” (Qur’an 27:88).

At the inception of the creation, God built a self-regulating system that we call the universe. He created it with paradisaical precision so that it would do all its duties and function. As revealed in the Quran, the universe and its animate as well as inanimate components, whether it is micro or macro, are living beings that have assigned duties and responsibilities (Qur’an 41:12}

“…He assigned to each heaven its duty and command..”). God endowed the universe with a faculty to monitor its components. This incredible machine acts and reacts, gives and takes, rewards and retributes etc. It knows what God wants to happen in every micro and macro situation as well as in every nook and corner. It executes what God programmed to happen in every situation without God’s constant attention. It is a perfect laboratory machine to evaluate and finally judge man, as Khalifa on the earth.

There is another marvelous wisdom behind the creation of this self-regulating universe. By the genesis of this incredible self-regulating universe, God took Himself off the equation to become “the best judge of all judges” (“Is not Allah the most just of judges?” Qur’an 95:8) so that no creatures including man can implicate Allah for their sin as predestination. Such an understanding of the universe as a flawless machine or computer perfectly merges with the Qur’anic concept of Omniscient Omni-Benevolent Compassionate God in a world with mankind with free will.

This video demonstrates God’s immaculate creation better.

youtube

The video illustrates a very small sampling of “الْحَكِيمُ (All Wise) in Action.” We named its activities as the Economy of Nature.

So, God, being the programmer of universe, knows everything and what will happen for every action and its reaction. This is what’s meant by Qadr of Allah . Still in the same universe, God can respond to our prayers without violating His established laws of the universe:

“Your Lord has said, ‘Call upon Me and I will answer you. Surely those who wax too proud to do Me service shall enter Gehenna utterly abject.’” (Quran 40:60).

Another characteristic of the world, that we live in, is the amazing harmony of our free will with the omniscience of the Almighty. Human experiences are linked to time and space. In order to integrate God’s Omniscience with man’s experience of the past, the present, and the future, God created time with an elastic property. God enlightened us on this relative characteristic of time long time before Albert Einstein did (“…but lo! A day is like one thousand years of what you reckon.” Qur’an 22:47).

So, time can shrink even to a freezing halt as in the case of God or expand for the rest of creations depending on its space, speed of motion, gravity, etc. So, our experiences of the past, the present, the future are only a present event happening concurrently for God who is outside time and space. Thereby, in this self-regulating world there is freedom, free will, randomness for mankind without the infringement of God’s omniscience.

We, the human species, take extraordinary measures in extraordinary situations. For example, for the greater good, we, as a nation, lockdown our nation leaving millions of our compatriots, living on paycheck to paycheck, without a source of income for daily living and lifesaving medicines. So, I am thinking aloud here whether coronavirus is an extraordinary response to an extraordinary event by the internally programmed corrective action against greedy heedless mankind polluting the earth, air, and water (“…when some evil afflicts them because of what their (own) hands have sent forth, behold they are in despair!..” Quran 36:37 & “Indeed, Allah does not wrong the people at all, but it is the people who are wronging themselves.” Quran 10:44).

What happens when the universe deploys coronavirus? The earth is showing signs of returning to its original pristine state in a short 4-6 weeks’ time.

Satellite animation shows air pollution in China and Italy clearing amid coronavirus lockdowns (https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/23/health/us-pollution-satellite-coronavirus-scn-trnd/index.html).

A few Muslims, Christians, and Jews called out the pandemic as a divine punishment against those who differ with them in faith. But I see a God acting as the God of the entire universe not as a God of man only. Is the pandemic a divine blessing for the entire ecosystem of the earth along with lessons as well as a warning to the greedy extravagant heedless humankind for their dereliction of duties as Khalifa?

The laws of the economy of nature are working as it is programmed by God for the welfare of entire creations, not just for man alone. Coronavirus brought tragedy for humankind. Even hugging and kissing became a weapon. But coronavirus delivered also the signs of the abatement of pollution as a result of national lockdowns and the return of life such as dolphins in Italian waterfront, etc. The current pandemic made the earth little more habitable for all other forms of life as a result of abatement of the pollution. Hedonistic hunters are not killing freely roaming wild animals for their selfish fun and joy.

Within the natural economy of the earth, if the current lockdown continues nature will save many millions from the premature deaths around the world with the abatement of pollution. Many species of animals will have a rebirth as a result of the decreasing environmental pollution. The lockdowns cut down the violent deaths. 313 people die from gun violence every day in the US. Marked decrease in travel in lockdown is saving life. 1,000 people die per day from automobile accidents in the US. That does not include the people crippled from accidents. Future generations can breathe and drink untainted air and water if man if mankind learns from it. In the big picture more life saved, more habitat reinstated, a little less global warming and pollution of the earth, air, and water.

Bill Gates pointed out few other blessings that coronavirus brought us. Nothing with standing of the cultural, financial, religious difference the pandemic taught us that humanity is one. The affliction in one is an affliction on the entire humanity. It brought families back together and taught the importance family in our life.

It reminds us that we can be patient. It showed us that “and man is created weak.” (Quran 4:28)

Now read the following verses in the background of the divinely programmed self-regulating system of the universe. Then we can discern the harmony of the presence of evil in the Omni-Benevolent God created world, and motivate all of us to act dutifully, justly, ethically and empathically to the rest of God’s creatures. We are being tested and simultaneously are being warned by coronavirus calamity that we are not necessary for the purity of air, water, the earth and sky.

God demands from us to cease our abuse and wasting of worldly resources and the “corruption of the earth.”

“Verily, We shall put you to test with some fear, and hunger, and with some loss of wealth, lives, and offspring. And (O Muhammad) convey good tidings to those who are patient, who say, when inflicted by hardship, “Verily we are of God and verily to Him shall we return;” upon them is the blessings of Allah and His mercy.” (Qur’an 2:155)

Yes, men and women around the world including me hate and fear coronavirus. It is a tragedy for human species. While coronavirus snatches away thousands of beautiful lives, the decline in pollution, the restoration of natural habitats like dolphins returning to Italian coastline, millions of lives saved from the decrease of pollution, etc. are the good things.

The contradictory concurrent happenings are referred in this verse “…perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allah Knows, while you know not”; (Qur’an 2:216).

In the big picture Allah is the Omni-Benevolent Lord of the Worlds where man is one among many zillions of creatures. The existence of evil in our amazing self-regulating universe is not incompatible with Omni-Benevolent Lord. The emergence of evil and calamities are the end results of the interactions among the animate and inanimate components of the universe.

The prospect of the emergence of evil is built into the structure of the universe in order to make the universe a testing ground. The emergence of an evil rests with the creatures and the application of their free will as we have seen in the case of human selfish squandering the natural resources by deforesting and polluting natural habitats of flora and fauna. Another example of the emergence of pandemic tragedy in US from human activity is Trump’s downplay of impending threat of coronavirus for his political expediency.

So, evil is not from God as He stated in verses 10:44 & 36:37. Let me quote the verse again here:

(“…when some evil afflicts them because of what their (own) hands have sent forth, behold they are in despair!” Qur’an 36:37 & “Indeed, Allah does not wrong the people at all, but it is the people who are wronging themselves.” (Qur’an 10:44).

God’s self-regulating system of the universe looks for the most goodness for the most creations. Man, God’s Khalifa, can join in this struggle or be the victim.

It is not too late for man to repent and rectify his greedy mindset. And seek God’s forgiveness and mercy: Say, ‘O My servants who have transgressed against themselves [by sinning], do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful.” (Qur’an 39:53)”

———–

O. Shanavas is a native of Kerala, India and is now based in the USA. He is the author of “Islamic Theory of evolution of Evolution the Missing Link between Darwin and The Origin of Species.” Co-author of the book, And God Said, “Let There Be Evolution!” Reconciling the Book of Genesis, The Qur’an, And the Theory of Evolution. Edited by Prof. Charles M. Wynn and Prof. Arthur W. Wiggins.

#blessing #coronavirus #covid19 #Featured #God #punishment #The Pandemic: Punishment or Blessing?

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drcontrarian · 4 years

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The New Normal - From a Real World Perspective

I think it is pretty ironic that our attitudes towards toilet paper reveal what shitty humans we are.

And it is ably demonstrated by ‘everyman-and-his-dog’ offering advice on the Post-Covid world and inane ‘tips to transform yourself in a crisis’ that masquerade as marketing advice; as if these pundits have experience in the effects of the pandemic.

On the plus side, true blue capitalists are hard to keep down and it is good fun to watch.

But that does not mean we can’t grapple with some of the issues we are all facing. I thought a useful approach would be to attempt to identify some of the underlying fundamentals that may indicate the direction/ momentum of change.

And then, just because I hate the generic ‘consultant-speak’ like ‘become more responsive’ and ‘identify strategic opportunities’ as the ‘changes’ we should embrace, I will instead offer specific, detailed tactical changes that may or may not play out, but are worth thinking about.‘

Before we get to the short-term (Part B)changes that will manifest post-pandemic 2020, consider the broader socio-economic context (Part A) that it will play out in.

PART A: Macro Changes

There are a few drivers that are shaping the landscape of our future.

ONE: Major changes information technology has brought about

The Guardian published a piece in 2017 that presaged the end of capitalism.

“First, it has reduced the need for work, blurred the edges between work and free time and loosened the relationship between work and wages. The coming wave of automation, currently stalled because our social infrastructure cannot bear the consequences, will hugely diminish the amount of work needed – not just to subsist but to provide a decent life for all.

Second, information is corroding the market’s ability to form prices correctly. That is because markets are based on scarcity while information is abundant. The system’s defence mechanism is to form monopolies – the giant tech companies – on a scale not seen in the past 200 years, yet they cannot last. By building business models and share valuations based on the capture and privatisation of all socially produced information, such firms are constructing a fragile corporate edifice at odds with the most basic need of humanity, which is to use ideas freely.

Third, we’re seeing the spontaneous rise of collaborative production: goods, services and organisations are appearing that no longer respond to the dictates of the market and the managerial hierarchy. The biggest information product in the world – Wikipedia – is made by volunteers for free, abolishing the encyclopedia business and depriving the advertising industry of an estimated $3bn a year in revenue.”

TWO: It’s what people want

It is what people want, probably in response to the helplessness that is induced by ONE above.

Recently, the ABC (Australia) published a piece that observed that senior officials from the governing (conservative) party as well as members of the community took exception to the way people were hoarding and ‘profiteering’ by arbitraging the shortages wrt to everyday items like toilet paper.

Seeking out gaps in the market and exploiting price anomalies are the everyday activities of anyone involved in any kind of trade, from shopkeepers and grocery wholesalers to money market high-flyers who trade synthetic derivatives of complex financial instruments.

As a free-market economy, successive governments of all persuasions for the past half-century have embraced the idea that government should not run commercial enterprise. They've preached privatisation, asset recycling and the fundamental belief that free trade and minimal government intervention will maximise wealth and lift society as a whole.

Traditionally conservative governments are responding in ways that left-leaning/ socialist regimes could until recently only dream of. Tom Quiggan said this in an article on ThinkSpot:

“The current government led response to the pandemic and the financial crisis appears to be panic driven. Momentum is growing behind the idea that governments should be able to bail out every individual and every industry that is facing financial stress. While this is normatively appealing, it is unsustainable for anything beyond a few weeks and unlikely to be productive. Throwing money at failing systems is how we got to the financial crisis we are in now. It also means that debt and taxes are virtually guaranteed to increase in the next years or services will have to be cut dramatically.

The children of today are the tax payers of tomorrow and they will suffer immensely if the system is not fixed.

These massive bailouts will have the effect of rewarding those who made poor decisions and wound up in debt. They will punish the prudent who were saving money during the perceived good times. This will fuel yet another divide in society as the prudent and hard working become distressed or angry at being fleeced (again) to support the imprudent and wasteful.

Quiggan is essentially heralding the undesirable consequences if the traditional conservative/ libertarian approach to the economy is not upheld. But it is not, and even the most casual observer will recognise this in the communities we live in.

One cannot possibly believe that traditional, industrial capitalism will not be transformed into something completely different. We are creating a new normal and we don’t quite know what it is.

Whether it is labelled as a ‘neo-socialism’ or a ‘neo-capitalism’ does not matter, but it is one where trade is less free and the government (or some central bureaucracy) holds power over supply. Because the government has played the role of payer and lender of last resort, why not payer and lender of every resort. Debt jubilees/ Universal Basic Income and the like are the nature of things to come.

It is either that, or war.

Cryptocurrency is the dark horse. It could undermine the power of a central authority and give people unfettered freedom to move money around at will, without knowledge or intervention of any government. It will likely be regulated before it fulfills its potential.

It should be exciting, but I find it scary. And the reason for that is philosophical. I don’t have faith in man’s ability to create something good out of this.

THREE: It is the nature of Man

(You can safely skip the next paragraph because it is a philosophical justification for my overall pessimism.)

From a religious philosophical perspective people are cast as ‘sinners’. Sinners are (by definition) those who ‘miss the mark’. If you want to get an idea of what the global culture is like (what it values) then simply look at the aggregate of what ‘trends’ on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. Half the world’s population are on those platforms, so that is as representative a sample size as you can get.

What Nietsche meant when he declared God dead, is summarised by Mark Sayers:

“What we are experiencing is not the eradication of God from the Western mind but the enthroning of self as the greatest authority.”

Now what could go wrong when those who ‘miss the mark’ become the ‘authority’?

The first two observations about the changes happening are probably uncontroversial. My pessimism about the quality of that future outcome is arguable if you have faith that humans on the whole always improve things ; i.e we are progressive in a way that leads to a (greater) good or at least better.

I am pessimistic about Man’s ability to create a positive/ beneficial world when it becomes untethered from the Judeo-Christian fundamentals. Even if the idea of religion and God sits uncomfortable with you, any objective observer of history cannot realistically deny that ‘western civilization (and all of our laws) are founded upon these Christian foundations.

Whether we would be better or worse off when we divorce our societies from these belief systems is a matter of opinion (and I don’t need to debate that here) - but I offer it as my rationale for being sceptical about a humanistic framework as the basis for lasting stable societies.

PART B: Micro Changes

John Batistich writes in Smart Company predicting the following changes in the retail environment:

Consolidation (specifically in Supermarkets)

Higher concentration

Fewer stores

Online step-change

One department store

Two discount department stores

More local

Rent reversions

Percentage rent

Make expenses variable

Cash economy declines

Cashflow management

New concepts

Most of these observations are simple, legitimate extrapolations of current trends, so I will limit my commentary to a few observations:

Rent reversions will be at unprecedented levels for many categories in many areas - I predict that it will be up to 50%. (This will place pressure on Superannuation funds’ returns, adding to economic woes, and pressure on Boomers to remain in the workforce.)

Making rents/expenses variable is something that I long advocated (see Beat of the Mall). This pandemic has proven that risks can’t be isolated to between categories/ sectors and that variable rent is a sensible way of synchronising the timing of economic fluctuations (good and bad) between members of a supply chain.

The downside is that one person’s variable expenses is another person’s variable income. Variable incomes are typically associated with higher risks and higher risks are features of an unstable ecosystem.

In an article in QSR Magazine Micha Magid the co-founder of Mighty Quinn’s Barbeque (US fast-casual concept) , is brave enough to nominate fairly specific outcomes. I smummarised those in a previous post.

They are worth reading because they are very specific, practical outcomes that are articulated. For example:

Approximately 25 percent of all restaurants remain indefinitely closed with 90 percent of the closures hitting independently owned locations.

Delivery focused restaurant brands do very well into the end of the year.

Great ethnic restaurants become increasingly harder to find

The salad chains underperform the rebound as raw food still caries caution in the national psyche.

I would like to add a few more specific prognostications to this list as it applies to the hospitality sector:

The return to ‘business as usual’ will be a gradual process, initially driven simply by people getting frustrated with isolation, and then once restrictions are lifted, the high unemployment rate will depress spend. (A recession or worse is actually likely).

Retailers will start practicing surge pricing

Consumers will hate queuing, so ordering ahead, table ordering and click and collect will continue to grow

A greater focus on food safety & hygiene (keep cups may lose momentum)

Unreasonable demands for small (uneconomical) deliveries - accepted during the pandemic - will prove the undoing of many restaurants

Price of meals will escalate to accommodate rising input prices (drought, fires etc) and unsustainable delivery costs as competition is reduced and the remaining operators have more flexibility.

In response to the above, consumer demands and expectations around customisation and health will put pressure on production times and costs.

The life cycle of new concepts will shorten, making innovation nonviable for landlords whose capital contributions allowed many concepts to be born

#Covid-19

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karishmamulani · 4 years

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