The Gravity of Abandoning the Prayer
Muslims do not differ on the fact that deliberately abandoning the obligatory prayer is among aʿdham al-ḏunūb wa akbar al-kabāʿir (ie: the gravest of sins and the greatest of major sins),
لا يختلف المسلمون أن ترك الصلاة المفروضة عمدا من اعظم الذنوب وأكبر الكبائر
and that its sin in the sight of Allah is greater than the sin of killing a soul,
وأن اثمه ثم الله أعظم من إثم قتل النفس
taking properties (unjustly),
وأخذ الأموال
and from the sin of al-zinā (ie: fornication),
ومن إثم الزنا
theft,
والسرقة
and drinking al-khamr (ie: alcohol);
وشرب الخمر
and that [the person concerned] is exposed to the punishment of Allah, His wrath, and His disgrace in this world and the Hereafter.
وأنه متعرض لعقوبة الله وسخطه وخزيه في الدنيا والآخرة
Ibn al-Qayyim, al-Ṣalāh wa Aḥkām Tārikihā 1/31
ابن القيم، الصلاة وأحكام تاركها ١/٣١
https://shamela.ws/book/7661/2
@ilmtest [https://t.me/ilmtest]
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Fornication Law in Napoleonic Times
I have been reading this book entitled "Éternelles coupables: Les femmes criminelles de l'Antiquité à nos jours". So, basically about female criminality from Antiquity to now. Nothing about any female criminal during the Napoleonic era, though other historical periods have some famous and Infamous women represented, whether real or mythical: Medea, Judith, Brunehaut, Charlotte Corday, Marie Lafarge, Marguerite Steinheil, etc.
There is an annex listing laws or extracts from laws that were enacted in France through modern history. Only two were listed between 1800 and 1815, one in 1810 about abortion, and one regarding fornication enacted in 1812.
Here is what I found regarding fornication - or Fornication, this crime being worthy of the capital letter:
"Fornication: It is a carnal and illegitimate union between two free and unrelated persons (...). There are several kinds of Fornication: that which is done with a prostitute is called simple Fornication; that which is done with a person of respectable status is called stupre; finally, that which is done with a married person is called adultery. Simple Fornication and stupre are the two kinds of Fornication which will be addressed here (...).
Another kind of Fornication, which is penalised very severely, is that which takes place between a servant and his mistress (note: in the sense of 'mistress of the household'). The customary law of Bordeaux is the only one to prescribe penalties for this crime: it states that 'the servant who seduces the wife, the daughter or the niece of the house must be punished by death.'
However, the penalty is less severe when the seduced woman is of age, and when she declares that she made advances to the culprit. In such cases, the servant is only condemned to the galleys or to banishment."
So, oh joy, the servant only ends up dying of exhausting in the galleys or of disease in some penal colony. Obviously, male servants would have been well advised to keep away from the females of the household who were of a higher social status. Not a word about the master of the house or his sons and nephews seducing or abusing the female servants, which was something much more likely to occur in my opinion.
From " Éternelles coupables : Les femmes criminelles de l'Antiquité à nos jours". 2008, Paris, Éditions Autrement; p. 180.
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Fornication is carnal union between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman. It is gravely contrary to the dignity of persons and of human sexuality which is naturally ordered to the good of spouses and the generation and education of children.
Catechism of the Catholic Church
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@ moth side of tumblr help what are the fluffy antennae called my brain is convinced the word starts with an F but the only word coming to mind is “fornicators” and I’m pretty damn sure that’s not it
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i
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And this is what Paul means when he goes on to say, "Every sin that a man doeth is without the body; but he that committeth fornication sinneth against his own body." He does not mean that this is the only sin committed by the body, for of many other sins the body is the agent, as in murder, lying, blasphemy, robbery, and thieving. Neither does he mean that this is the only sin to which bodily appetite instigates, for gluttony and drunkenness equally take their rise in bodily appetite. But he means that this is the only sin in which the present connection of the body with Christ and its future destiny in Him are directly sinned against. This is the only sin, he means, which by its very nature alienates the body from Christ, its proper Partner. Other sins indirectly involve separation from Christ; this explicitly and directly transfers allegiance and sunders our union with Him. By this sin a man detaches himself from Christ; he professes to be united to what is incompatible with Christ.
Expositor’s Bible
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The Muslims Who Abandons Some of the Pillars
The Muslims have reached scholarly consensus over the issue of the one who does not pronounce the testimony of faith being a disbeliever.
وقد اتفق المسلمون على أنه من لم يأت بالشهادتين فهو كافر،
As for the four actions (pillars), they differed over whether the one who abandons them is a disbeliever or not.
وأما الأعمال الأربعة فاختلفوا في تكفير تاركها،
And when we say, “Ahl al-Sunnah are united over the fact that no one is to be declared a disbeliever because of a sin”
ونحن إذا قلنا: أهل السنة متفقون على أنه لا يكفر بالذنب،
Then we mean by this: the sins like al-zinā (ie: fornication) and drinking (intoxicants).
فإنما نريد به المعاصي كالزنا والشرب،
But regarding the one who abandons these four pillars, there exists well known differing.
وأما هذه المباني ففي تكفير تاركها نزاع مشهور.
Aḥmad's position on the issue is itself the subject of dispute.
وعن أحمد في ذلك نزاع،
In one narration, he makes takfīr of anyone who abandons any one of them.
وإحدي الروايات عنه: أنه يكفر من ترك واحدة منها،
This is the position of Abū Bakr and a number of Mālikī scholars, like Ibn Ḥabīb.
وهو اختيار أبي بكر وطائفة من أصحاب مالك كابن حبيب.
In a second narration, he would only make takfīr of the one who abandons prayer or zakāh only.
وعنه رواية ثانية: لا يكفر إلا بترك الصلاة والزكاة فقط،
In a third narration, he would only make takfīr of the one who abandons the prayer, or zakāh if he fights the Imām because of it.
ورواية ثالثة: لا يكفر إلا بترك الصلاة، والزكاة إذا قاتل الإمام عليها.
A fourth position (attributed to him) is that only the one who abandons the prayer is to be declared a disbeliever.
ورابعة: لا يكفر إلا بترك الصلاة.
And a fifth position is that whoever abandons all of them (ie: the four) is not to be declared a disbeliever due to that.
وخامسة: لا يكفر بترك شيء منهن،
And all of these positions are well known and held by the Salaf.
وهذه أقوال معروفة للسلف.
Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Īmān 1/237
ابن تيمية، الإيمان ١/٢٣٧
https://shamela.ws/book/7564/230
Telegram: https://t.me/aljadwal
Tumblr: https://al-jadwal.tumblr.com
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