One of the most common fossils, petrified wood is is tree or tree-like wood that has either been fossilized through replacement or permineralization. Usually, the organic material is replicated by silica (quartz or it's microcrystalline forms opal or chalcedony).
Petrified wood forms when woody plants are buried in saturated sediments with dissolved minerals in solution. The lack of oxygen slows decay and allows fossilization to occur.
Below are petrified wood and cycad specimens I have collected over the years from various localities I have worked at. All come from Late Jurassic sites.
The first is from the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation in northwestern Colorado. It has been replaced by silica, most likely the microcrystalline quartz form, chalcedony.
The second is from the same location and has definitely been replaced by chalcedony. In this case, it looks to be the "flint" variety.
The third photo contains pieces of of wood from the Late Jurassic Swift Formation in northwest central Montana (It's a huge state. I need to be that weirdly specific). These are partially petrified and partially coalified. They still retain some of the original organic material which leaves a black residue on the fingers.
The fourth photograph are pieces that came from the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in the San Rafael Swell of Utah. These have been permineralized by quartz.
Finally, the last two show cycads, a type of woody plant that was a prominent part of the Mesozoic woodlands and prairies. These specimens came from the same Salt Wash site as the first two tree specimens. These have also been replaced by chalcedony.
Amazing rare druzy Permineralized Wood from the Triassic Period in Germany. Preserved fibrous textures, putting it in its own fossilized wood classification! Dinosaurs could have sat on this chunk for all we know😂🦖🦕🌳
A Partial Fossil Palm Frond with Fish
Green River, Wyoming
From the Eocene (circa 50 million years ago)
A partial specimen of Sabalites sp. in limestone matrix, a placed Priscacara and other fragments of fish in the matrix.
37 x 61 x 2in. (95 x 155 x 5cm.).