#genetic experiments with mice

[mariacallous]

It’s been hard recently to think about anything other than the wars and humanitarian crises raging around the world. Climate change has left its mark in what was almost certainly the hottest year in human history—there were unprecedented heat waves, intensified forest fires, torrential rain, and floods like those in Libya that caused devastation after two dams burst.

But this has not stopped scientists, innovators, and decisionmakers from working on solutions to our biggest societal challenges—with success. Here is a collection of uplifting news to come out of 2023.

A powerful laser veered lightning strikes off their path

In an instant, millions of volts can damage buildings, spark fires, and harm people—unless the lightning can be redirected. An experiment with a laser beam suggests this is possible. The scientists behind it must now demonstrate that their multimillion-dollar laser would actually work better at critical sites such as airports and rocket launchpads than widely used, cheap lightning rods. Read more at Science.

Asteroid rocks and dust were brought to Earth

The first US mission to collect an asteroid sample, OSIRIS-REx, successfully returned a capsule containing granules and dust from the asteroid Bennu. Early analyses back at NASA’s lab suggest the sample is rich in carbon and water-laden minerals, the building blocks of life on Earth. Read more at WIRED.

Scientists grew mouse embryos for the first time ever in space

What would make humans a truly spacefaring species? If we could reproduce and grow outside of Earth’s atmosphere. It may be that this is possible, an experiment with mice suggests. Scientists managed to grow mouse embryos aboard the International Space Station and return them safely to Earth. Their initial growth appeared to be unaffected by the low gravity and high radiation. Read more at New Scientist.

A rare egg-laying mammal was rediscovered after decades

A species with the spines of a hedgehog, the snout of an anteater, and the feet of a mole seems hard to miss. But the long-beaked echidna Zaglossus attenboroughi—named after British naturalist David Attenborough—had remained hidden until caught on camera for the first time since it was scientifically recorded in 1961. This egg-laying mammal is known to only live in the Cyclops Mountains in the Indonesian province of Papua. Read more at Mongabay.

Countries signed a landmark treaty to protect the high seas

After almost 20 years of negotiations, members of the United Nations agreed to protect marine life in international waters—the two-thirds of the world’s oceans that lie outside of national boundaries. This legal framework enables, for example, the creation of vast marine protected areas (MPAs). It also states that “genetic resources,” such as materials from animals and plants discovered for use in pharmaceuticals or foods, should benefit society as a whole. Read more at The Guardian.

California national park bounces back after wildfire

Two years after California’s largest single wildfire burned almost 70 percent of Lassen Volcanic National Park, the ecosystem remains viable. Shrubs and grasses are growing in burned areas while fungi and insects are decomposing dead tree trunks, leading to a slow recovery. Read more at The Guardian.

Brazil’s top court rules for Indigenous rights in landmark case

A powerful agribusiness lobby tried to place time limits on Indigenous peoples’ right to land. They would have to prove they lived on the land in 1988, when Brazil’s current constitution was ratified. But many Indigenous peoples were expelled from their ancestral lands during the country’s military dictatorship, which lasted from from the 1960s to the 1980s. The Supreme Court in Brazil squashed the proposed time limit for land claims. Read more at AP News.

There could be a large reserve of hydrogen deep beneath the French ground

Hydrogen could power factories, trucks, ships, and airplanes in the future—but producing it requires a lot of energy and is expensive. But the gas also occurs naturally deep in the Earth’s crust, and researchers in France have accidentally stumbled on a potentially large deposit. Next year they plan to begin drilling to collect gas samples from depths of up to 1.8 miles. Read more at the Conversation.

The world may have crossed a solar power tipping point

A new study suggests that solar is on track to become the main source of the world’s energy by 2050—even without more ambitious climate policies being introduced. Renewables are already cheaper than fossil fuels. But in the case of solar energy, obstacles such as integration into electricity grids and financing in developing countries still need to be overcome in order for it to continue to grow as it has in recent years. Read more at the Conversation.

A new type of geothermal power plant is making the internet a little greener

A pilot plant is now helping to power Google data centers in Nevada by harnessing the Earth’s heat deep beneath it. Engineers drilled two boreholes down 7,000 feet, and then connected them by fracking, a technique that’s conventionally used in the oil and gas industry. Water sent down one borehole moves through the fracked rocks below and returns to the surface heated up via the other drilled hole. Read more at WIRED.

World’s first container ship powered by methanol completed its maiden voyage

Laura Maersk, the world’s first methanol-fueled ship, arrived in England in September—a milestone for the shipping industry, which is responsible for about 3 percent of worldwide emissions and struggling to decarbonize. Methanol can be made from food waste at landfills. Read more at the BBC.

A cheap and effective vaccine against malaria got approval

There’s now a second malaria jab that could be produced even quicker than the first and rolled out to more children. It got the thumbs up from the World Health Organization in October, two years after the first one. Malaria is the leading cause of death among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Read more at Stat News.

The largest study of migraine sufferers promises new treatment pathways

In the largest genetic study of migraines to date, researchers have identified more than three times the number of genetic risk factors previously known. This will help to better understand the biological basis of migraines and their subtypes and could speed up the search for new treatments. Read more at Science Daily.

Scientists made breakthrough in cervical cancer treatment

In a UK trial of 500 women, half received existing, cheap drugs before standard radiotherapy. The results showed that with the combined therapy, women’s risk of death or relapse fell by 35 percent. According to the researchers, this is the biggest improvement in treating this disease in over 20 years. Read more in the Independent.

Gene therapy showed early promise for children

Scientists in China reported that some children who were born deaf could hear after a gene therapy trial. Meanwhile, experiments are underway in the USA and France aimed at children with a rare form of genetic deafness. Read more at WIRED.

An implant restored walking ability for Parkinson’s patient

A man with advanced Parkinson’s disease can walk several miles again thanks to a special implant. Positioned in the lumbar region of the spinal cord, the implant sends electrical signals to his leg muscles. The scientists behind the innovation plan to carry out further trials with other patients in the coming year. Read more at SWI swissinfo.ch.

DeepMind’s new AI can predict whether a genetic mutation is likely to cause disease

Researchers at DeepMind, Google's AI company, have trained an AI model to detect DNA mutations, which could speed up the diagnosis of rare diseases. Similar to language models like ChatGPT, this model knows the sequences of amino acids in proteins and can detect anomalies. Read more at WIRED.

AI-powered prediction helped Chileans evacuate from floods

A forecasting tool from Google can predict floods in South America and other regions using a little data on the water flow of rivers, with impressive accuracy. This August, many people in Chile were able to evacuate safely and with their belongings thanks to a warning sent out two days before the flooding. Read more at Fast Company.

The Hollywood actors’ and writers’ battle against AI ended—for now

Generative AI has made it to Hollywood, and after months of strikes, both the writers and actors unions managed to negotiate guardrails on how the technology can be used in film and TV projects. AI cannot, for example, be used to write or rewrite scripts, and studios are not allowed to use scripts to train AI models without the writers’ permission. Read more at WIRED.

Lego bricks are teaching kids Braille

The iconic studs on the Lego bricks allow them to be stacked on top of each other. And now you can learn a new language while you’re at it. The company has started selling bricks with modified amounts of studs that teach the Braille alphabet. The corresponding letter or number represented by a brick’s studs are printed on each brick so that children can learn the code. Read more at TechCrunch.

[creekfiend]

Hey do you ever think "what if we are all actually the same consciousness but circumstances of genetics and upbringing and life experiences mold that consciousness in different ways and there really is only one way any given collection of genetic temperament and life experience deck stacking could cause someone to behave in any given situation"?

Sometimes I think this and then I'm like "ok but no I have definitely realized I was behaving in a way and consciously made the decision/effort to change how I was thinking about and behaving in various situations in order to hurt people less" but then i usually think "SURE, BUT WHAT IF YOU ONLY BECAME CAPAPBLE OF THAT CHOICE THE MOMENT YOU BECAME CAPABLE OF IT? WHAT IF WE ALL JUST BECOME CAPABLE OF WHAT WE BECOME CAPABLE OF AT THE MOMENT WE BECOME CAPABLE OF IT? IS THAT FREE WILL?" and then I usually realize that the clown car is spinning out and the driving mice are drunk and half of the other mice are locked in the trunk and I need to eat something and calm down

#dysfunction junction #what if im only able to behave in the ways that my genetics and experiences have heretofore set me up to behave in #what if i ... hmm #ok but then can i alter my experiences to swt myself up to behave in different ways. i think yes probably. i think ive done that before. #FOOD FOR THOUGHT...

[1trilliongrams]

I choose to believe the Founders genetically modified more races than the Vorta and Jem’Hadar.

If (big if) Weyoun 6’s story about the Vorta origins is true, the Founders must be extremely technologically advanced. But from what we see of the changelings, that seems unlikely. They’re a lazy, xenophobic species.

Here’s what I think:

Changelings didn’t get to space on their own. A technologically advanced species landed on the changeling homeworld and made first contact. Perhaps they were friendly or perhaps they weren’t. But the changelings saw the potential in these people and at first partnered with them for their technology, then eventually subjugated them. Perhaps that species even tried to conquer the changelings first out of fear or malice.

Then changelings, using this species’ technology, spread across the Gamma quad conquering and integrating new species’ technology. Eventually they had enough subjects to simply step back and govern mostly. I don’t believe an actual changeling first modified a Vorta.

Vorta and Jem’Hadar were likely one of the first, but not THE first, species they infiltrated and conquered. They proved easy to clone because of their rapid breeding rates (like how we use rats, mice, and rabbits in our own genetic experiments). But it’s so much easier to force another species already highly advanced in genetics to do the dirty work through threats, paranoia, and (mostly) manipulation.

I’m not saying a changeling can’t work technology. Bashir’s clone was clearly practiced in Starfleet medicine and Odo likely could have picked up much more if not for his hatred of his “father”. But given the choice, they get others to do the science.

#star trek headcanons #star trek headcanon #vorta headcanons #Vorta #ds9 #Star Trek ds9 #deep space nine

[chaos-of-the-abyss]

my genetics professor keeps referring to frederick griffith by his last name and i keep picturing griffith berserk hanging out in a lab with his long white hair tucked into a ponytail as he runs experiments on pneumonia strains and records copious details about how mice group A are fine while mice group B are getting sick and dying. send help

#berserk tag #berserk rambling #berserk #griffith #griffith berserk #berserk griffith #kentaro miura #this is how you know you're insane #i ramble

[importantwomensbirthdays]

Beatrice Mintz

Cancer researcher Beatrice Mintz was born in New York City in 1921. In 1960, Mintz joined the Fox Chase Cancer Institute of Philadelphia, and went on to become one of its most celebrated researchers. She made groundbreaking discoveries in multiple areas of biology, including epigenetics, embryology, developmental genetics, and gene-transfer technology. Mintz's experiments on mice paved the way for potentially less toxic approaches to cancer treatment, and made it easier for scientists to study melanoma. In recognition of her achievements, she received numerous awards, including the Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research from the AACR, and the American Cancer Society's National Medal of Honor for Basic Research. Mintz was also nominated twice for a Nobel Prize.

Beatrice Mintz died in 2022 at the age of 100.

Image: Smithsonian Institution

#science #stem #scientists #women scientists #women in stem #cancer research #biology #women in science #scientific research #philadelphia #jewish women #jewish #jewish history

[cbirt]

Scientists Unveil High-Resolution Reference Genome of Nile Rat – A Promising Animal Model for Diabetes Research

A research team from the Morgridge Institute for Research has put forth a reference genome with haplotype-resolved assemblies and gene annotations deciphering the Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) as a carbohydrate-sensitive model for diabetes research. 

An animal model is a living, genetically engineered organism used for research and investigating human diseases. Animals such as mice, rats, flies, worms, zebrafish, etc., are widely used to understand the genetic underpinnings and behavioral analysis of pathological conditions. Researchers have found significant molecular mechanisms in biological processes relevant to human health thanks to the high-throughput genomes of the house mouse (Mus musculus) and Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). However, even frequently used nocturnal animal models do not adequately represent a wide range of human features.

With mice and rats being nocturnal, it is not the perfect model to study human circadian cycles (studies have shown that circadian disruption impairs pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity, which results in impaired glucose tolerance). Although a high-fat diet can also cause these models to experience pre-diabetic symptoms, they hardly ever experience long-term diabetic consequences like people with the illness do. No single animal model has shown the capability to mirror the complications of long-term human diabetes mellitus. 

#bioinformatics #genomics #genome #ngs #scicomm #diabetes #stem #sequencing

[translations-by-aiimee]

Mistakenly Saving the Villain - Chapter 18

Original Title: 论救错反派的下场

Genres: Drama, Romance, Xianxia, Yaoi

This translation is the product of my limited knowledge of Chinese characters as I attempt to learn the language. If I have made any egregious mistakes, please let me know.

Chapter Index

Buy me a Ko-fi ☕

Chapter 18 - Bankruptcy Crisis

Song Qingshi clasped his hands together and said to Yue Wuhuan devoutly, "My test subjects are here!"

Yue Wuhuan was confused for a moment and found that he was looking at six little white mice running around in the cage in his hand. He quickly and carefully placed the cage on the laboratory table and presented them: "Master, this was sent by the master of Night Rain Pavillion. Is it a rare spirit beast?"

"These are the mice I asked him to look for in the mortal world. It was hard to find these ones." Song Qingshi leaned on the table, looking at the cute little guys happily. He couldn't get enough of them, "Wuhuan, do you know this? Mice are 98% genetically similar to humans and are the most used experimental animals in medicine."

Yue Wuhuan opened his beautiful phoenix eyes wide and looked in disbelief at the dirty little mouse in the cage.

This thing is 98% similar to him?

"Now, these are only a few wild ones, and a large amount of breeding will be needed. Then we can cultivate various types of mice, clean mice, mice that don't carry diseases, sterile mice. . . maybe we can also breed high and low cancer-risk mice, diabetic mice, and so on.” As Song Qingshi talked about his beloved little white mouse, his face was radiant, and he didn’t care whether others could understand him or not. He continued muttering to himself, “It will probably take decades to cultivate, but fortunately, high-level cultivators have long lifespans, so I can raise them slowly. Is the breeding container ready? I’ll be living in the laboratory starting today. The mice are very delicate, and I don’t know if they can adapt to the environment of the immortal world. I want to make sure they won't have any trouble. It would be so good for them to have babies. This is the lifeline. . ."

He once had a senior sister who was doing experiments abroad, and the mice that had been cultivated for four years were about to produce results. When encountering setbacks, she was terrified and called every day to complain. Everyone persuaded her to give up the experiment and come back. She broke down and said her lifeline was here, and she wouldn't leave even if she died. Since then, the little white mouse has been nicknamed the lifeline in their laboratory.

Yue Wuhuan understood. He thought about the past rumours and asked tentatively: "Master, no matter how similar a mouse is, it's not a human being, and it's very troublesome to raise it. Why don't you use mortals to test the medicine? This is a common practice for pharmacists in the immortal world, right?"

"Of course, we need to use human beings," Song Qingshi replied casually, now satisfied with the mice. "We need to use mice and other animals to determine the safety of the drug before doing human trials. My teacher liked to try the drug on himself first and then recruit volunteers to try it after he determined that it was safe. I've also tried this several times to confirm its efficacy."

He especially admired his teacher, who was highly respected, incredibly humble and dedicated to public affairs, with a clean reputation. He only sought the well-being of mankind.

Hippocrates once said that medicine is the most beautiful and noble of all technologies.

If a new drug could be developed in medical research, countless patients could be saved from suffering, and it could even change human history.

How wonderful was that?

Song Qingshi looked at the little white mice as if he saw a bright future.

Yue Wuhuan thought for a long time and asked cautiously: "Master, your teacher has tried so many medicines, but now. . . is he okay?"

Song Qingshi answered honestly: "He's in another world."

Yue Wuhuan's face turned pale, and he said anxiously: "Master, please give the test medicine to Wuhuan from now on."

"Okay, I'll let you try if there are no problems." Song Qingshi praised contentedly, "Wuhuan is really a good seedling suitable for studying medicine, smart and kind, with a big heart. Your future achievements will definitely be very great."

Master is good at everything, but he's a little blind. . .

He learned from a medical servant that although the Immortal Medicine King had always been a medical fanatic, burying his head in research every day and speaking and acting in the same strange way ever since he came to Medicine King Valley, the Immortal seemed to be more emotional and he no longer got angry for no reason. He no longer did cruel human experiments, and their trust and love for him have never been higher.

Such a change made him uncontrollably delusional. Today, this delusion was even stronger.

Master doesn't even mind such dirty mice, so could he also. . .

"Master, I'll raise the mice for you," Yue Wuhuan gently pulled Song Qingshi's sleeves and begged in a low voice, "My physique is very suitable for testing medicine. Let me try the medicine for you for the rest of my life, just like these little white mice. . . Okay? I'm not afraid of death, so don't hurt yourself."

When Song Qingshi heard the word "death" come out of his mouth, his mind exploded, and the shadow of failure struck again. He reasoned through their whole conversation and quickly figured out where the communication had gone wrong. He swore firmly that both the mice and Yue Wuhuan were the lifelines and held the same place in his heart. His teacher was in another world because of other reasons; absolutely nothing happened because of the test drugs, and now under his careful control, he wouldn't die.

Yue Wuhuan listened with great satisfaction.

Song Qingshi considered that he was sometimes inconvenient and needed assistance, so he handed over a thick mouse breeding manual to Yue Wuhuan to ensure careful care. Yue Wuhuan cautiously took the manual with one hand and the cage with the other, vowing to take good care of his Master's lifeline.

A medical servant brought the bill for the mice and a letter from Night Rain Pavilion.

Although the mice weren't spiritual beasts, no one had ever asked for this thing before. They were small and hard to find. It took a lot of manpower and material resources to find it before they were finally found on a deserted island overseas.

Combining the above information and so on, in the end, the final price for each mouse was 100 top-grade spirit stones.

"That's not too expensive." Song Qingshi paid the bill without hesitation.

Yue Wuhuan hesitated for a minute before asking: "Master, have you. . . have you read the account book I sent a few days ago?"

Song Qingshi was not interested in the account book, so he threw it on the table and forgot about it when he received it. Hearing him mention it, he picked it up and casually glanced at it, and then was horrified to find Medicine King's Valley's financial deficit. He pointed blankly at the number on the account book, looking forward to the explanation from the almighty secretary.

Yue Wuhuan sighed: "Master ordered a lot of special tools in Tianji Pavillion, which were expensive. And. . . you also bought a lot of precious herbs for research. Most importantly, you have an unknown sum of 200,000 top-grade spirit stones. . ."

Song Qingshi gulped. He used to be a rich trust fund kid. He only cared about spending money and had no idea about the economy. His parents loved him, and he didn't feel bad about spending a million or eight hundred thousand dollars at random to buy drugs for his self-funded research. The laboratory had all kinds of equipment, so he never considered how much drug research costs.

Now that he had travelled through time, after Yue Wuhuan sorted out his industrial accounts for him, he had opened up a lot of ways to make money with promising prospects, so he bought as much as he could, but he didn't think he would become prodigal.

He absolutely didn't want Yue Wuhuan to know that the 200,000 spirit stones were to buy the Ten Thousand Spirit Marrow.

One reason is that he's afraid that he will be burdened psychologically, and the other is that he wants to surprise him.

Seeing that he didn't want to say where the money went, Yue Wuhuan didn't ask and comforted him: "Master, don't worry too much. The main reason is that it takes some time to earn some income. I'll think of a way."

Although he didn't blame him, Song Qingshi still felt extremely guilty. He suddenly realized that he had neglected common affairs for a long time. To reject Golden Phoenix Manor, he pretended not to be open to accepting patients and squatted in his laboratory and study room every day for fun. Yue Wuhuan worked tirelessly to deal with all the things he didn't want to do and even helped him earn money and take care of his basic necessities, so much so that he happily forgot about these responsibilities that should be his own and kept giving the other trouble.

Song Qingshi pulled Yue Wuhuan's sleeves and apologized in shame: "It's my fault. I won't spend money recklessly in the future. I don't want cold silk pajamas. I won't eat dessert. I'll do a good job of restraining myself. I won't buy more research equipment for the time being. I'll stay open later to treat a few wealthy patients. I'll work hard to make money to support you and make sure you won't have to work so hard. . ."

Since he had started following him, Yue Wuhuan, a top-notch beauty, and a super student saw that it was okay to eat and drink very poorly, and he had to work every day despite not recovering from his illness, trying to make money to support his prodigal son and worry about his livelihood.

What kind of peerless scumbag was he?!

What kind of doctor treats a patient like this?!

Song Qingshi became more and more panicked as he talked, his eyes red.

"You don't have to do that." Yue Wuhuan found that Master was about to cry, and quickly explained, "This isn't hard work for me. Master's research is for the benefit of the world, and Wuhuan should give his full support."

Song Qingshi pulled him, not knowing what to say: "But, but. . ."

There was a faint smile in Yue Wuhuan's eyes. He gently held his hand, gripped it, and said softly: "Master, I like to be busy, and it helps me not to think about the past. So, let me do it. I like to do things for Master. . ."

His beautiful fingertips lightly slid across his palm, drawing circle after circle, warm and tickling.

Song Qingshi was touched to his core by the little angel's kindness.

Yue Wuhuan played with his palm and said with a smile: "I just need a little bit of time. I plan to raise funds to buy drug stocks, acquire medicinal materials, and train pharmacists. The low-level elixirs produced by Medicine King Valley could sell just fine, but I have no connections and it's not suitable for me to show my face. It's best to find someone suitable to take care of external affairs."

Song Qingshi knew what he was worried about, and he wouldn't dare let him go out alone for fear of encountering a pervert.

In the immortal world, there were so many things to kill and treasures to steal. Only those with real strength can conduct big business.

Song Qingshi is the only one who can control the market in Medicine King Valley. If he, an introvert with social anxiety, was allowed to negotiate business with an old fox, it would be better to let him die. . .

Song Qingshi pondered for a long time and suddenly came up with a good idea. He found a letter from the pile of letters, ran over and said: "An Long is coming in a few days. He's the master of the Ten Thousand Companions Sect. The Ten Thousand Companions Sect is very powerful in Xilin, and his family has a spirit stone mine, so he's super rich and well-connected. Should we see if he'll be our saviour investor?"

The Song family's father and sister were both domineering presidents. Although he wasn't well-versed in this world, he still knew a little bit from what he saw and heard every day.

Yue Wuhuan glanced at the letterbox and found that An Long's letters accounted for the vast majority. Although it was an academic discussion, there were three or four letters almost every month, and Medicine King Valley's account books often contained gifts exchanged with the Ten Thousand Companions Sect. The gifts from the Ten Thousand Companions Sect were much more valuable than those from Medicine King Valley. He frowned slightly, feeling a little uneasy, knowing he needed to figure this out.

. . .

Song Qingshi didn't hide anything and spent a lot of time explaining clearly to Yue Wuhuan his relationship with An Long.

Recently, the original body's memories had become more and more integrated with him, and he often had the illusion that the two were the same soul. The only thing was that the original body was more indifferent in dealing with things and hadn't learned any morals, so his methods were more radical, but his living habits and learning methods were exactly the same as him. Because the original body didn't care about anything other than research and cultivation, and he didn't care about anyone, the details of many of his memories of An Long weren't clear, but they were generally correct.

"We met more than 500 years ago. At that time, I was still young. He was a small cultivator who had just established his foundation." Song Qingshi organized his thoughts and said to Yue Wuhuan, "I remember that he was older than you, seventeen or eighteen years old, quite a rebellious boy."

Yue Wuhuan interrupted and corrected him: "Master, I had my development suspended by the Acacia Seal when I wasn't fully grown, and my appearance was controlled to look like a teenager. It doesn't mean that I'm actually that young. In fact, I was already an adult when I formed my spiritual foundation."

"Yes, you'll grow normally after the seal is released," Song Qingshi recalled his own lessons and suggested cautiously, "You didn't form your golden core early. Growth slows down after a cultivator reaches their foundation establishment and their golden core is finalized. If you form your golden core too early, you'll become like me unless you specialize in exercises such as body training or when you get distracted and reshape your body. . ."

This immature face is the result of the blood and tears of the original body, who was too talented.

He also didn't want to reshape his body for the sake of appearance, so he had to accept his fate.

"I know." Yue Wuhuan looked at him with satisfaction and licked his lips, "It's good that you're like this."

Song Qingshi took that as comfort and continued the serious topic: "I met An Long when I was collecting medicine in the secret realm. We discussed pharmacology, and I found that he was very insightful and he had a wealth of knowledge about compulsion and poisons, so I allowed him to come to Medicine King Valley as a guest to exchange ideas. But that boy was so naughty. He liked to tease me and also liked to make me angry. After some years. . . After I had grown older, we had a big fight for some reason. He was inexplicably angry, cursed indiscriminately, made a lot of trouble, and finally left Medicine King Valley."

Yue Wuhuan tapped the table lightly with his fingers, not knowing what to think about.

"Two hundred years later, he also reached a high level of cultivation. He suddenly realized his mistake and wrote a letter to apologize. After that, we kept in touch with each other, and our relationship was pretty good." Song Qingshi concluded happily, "Now that I think about it, it's probably because his teenage rebellious phase is over."

Yue Wuhuan asked cautiously: "Master, does he like men. . ."

"Don't worry!" Song Qingshi knew that he had some concerns about this and said firmly, "Although An Long is prodigal by nature and likes to mess around, his orientation is as straight as straight can be! When we were together before, I always saw him flirting with girls, always messing around with either an immortal woman or a prostitute! It's rumoured that he's been involved in many affairs. I've never heard that he has any thoughts about men!"

Yue Wuhuan still had some doubts.

Song Qingshi patted his chest and assured him: "Don't worry! If he dares to put his hands on you, I will break his legs!"

The author has something to say: In this life, the little phoenix has been fighting for favour with little white mice and occasionally loses. . .

If the little white mice had a problem, Qingshi would immediately jump off the bed and rush to the laboratory (no matter what happy things he was doing on the bed at the time)

#mistakenly saving the villain translation #mistakenly saving the villain #bl novel #chinese novel #english translation #chinese bl #danmei #danmei novel #yaoi #yaoi novel #song qingshi #yue wuhuan

[oncexinxmyxdreams]

Encanto OC Event Week 1: Francisca Cordova

Moodboard for Francisca ♟️

(Major spoilers for Miracles Come in Pairs, but I can't hold them back anymore.😅 )

Full Name: Francisca Valencia Salazar Cordova.

DOB: May 24th, 1920.

POB: Villavicencio, Colombia.

Likes/Hobbies: Books, coffee, chess, organizing, piano and solving mind games.

Dislikes: Social interactions, overly emotional people, migraines, vomiting and concepts she can’t understand. Always annoyed when Alejandra’s mice get in her stuff. Also dislikes avocados due to a bad experience.

MBTI: INTJ

Height: 5'7"

Hair Color/Style: Black hair, shaggy pixie cut. Partially covers her ears. Has natural curls which are Type 3C. It used to be past her shoulders, but she cut it too short and it's growing out.

Eye color: Forest green with warm brown encircling the pupils. She has central heterochromia.

Sexual Orientation: Asexual/Aromantic.

Voice: Natalia Reyes.

Positive Traits:  Intelligent, logical, confident, astute, faithful and caring.

Negative Traits: Insensitive, combative, judgmental and arrogant.

Habits: She's done her best to avoid smoking because she did it often as a teen. She only has a cigarette now and then if stressed.

Talents: Sharp memory, keen eye for detail and sketching. Can imitate voices well and skilled with piano. Linguist.

Pets:  A brown cat named Litzy. Francisca rescued her from drowning and nursed her to health. Litzy was only a couple weeks old then. Francisca wanted to sell her since she didn't care for another pet. (Alejandra's got her mice and steeds.) However, when she had a bad migraine, Litzy snuggled against her and somehow made brought comfort. Litzy stayed ever since. Not necessarily a pet but also has a mule for travel named Vendaval. She trusts him more than Alejandra's horse and he's bigger than a common mule.

Favorite Food: She'd say coffee, but she likes Almojábana or Arepa Boyacanese.

Career: The town doctor's assistant.

Family: Fraternal twin to Alejandra. (Francisca's the firstborn by 15 minutes.) Only close to her mom Mercedes Reyes and never was with her dad Pablo Salazar. Had her maternal grandma, Perla, not died when she was little, she'd have another close family member. Honestly, don't bother asking her about her other family. She has no interest in them.

Backstory: Despite seeming a little slow with learning to crawl and walk, Francisca became an intelligent child. She learned to read on her own and play chess. She quickly learned piano and understood mathematics. It wasn't really appreciated. Francisca was (and still is) antisocial. She's never been good with interactions. She can be arrogant and even sardonic. Pablo tried to bond with her, but always found it difficult. Honestly, he tried doing things a normal child would like, not see what his daughter enjoyed. Most of her family thought she was too strange and unpleasant. That and she as she grew older, she wasn't afraid to call out...um, BS... when she saw it. This made her the black sheep. Family would say that despite being smart, she was heartless. Anyone who knew the family saw her that way. There was gossip. The only ones Francisca gets along with best is Mercedes and her own twin Alejandra. They never saw her as a problem. 

Francisca started getting migraines at 5 years old. Her family figured it was genetic. Mercedes's father was reported to have these often. It included the symptoms of light sensitivity, nausea and vomiting. Even with the pain, Francisca's never been afraid of a hard day's work. She's never been intimidated by learning and built up so much knowledge which has helped her. Work smart and work hard.

After her parents' separation and living in Cali, near the rural parts, she was a farm hand tending big fields. She spent any free time at the libraries learning about languages and science. She researched every medical book she could find to cure Malaria while Mercedes was slowly dying. Only 15, Francisca was heartbroken losing her dear mother and concerned for the future. She couldn't let grief and worry overcome. They needed someone to lead and provide. She'd do it. Having to survive on their own and being fired over her behaviors, Francisca found herself desperate. She used her wits as a con artist. She could talk her way out of anything when she analyzed a person's weakness. She had developed no qualms of breaking up relationships, sowing distrust etc. You do what you have to do right?

She was noticed by a group of brothers who were impressed and offered to let her join their con artist team. It worked for a couple years, until things went awry, and they offered a deal Francisca despised. It was asking for Alejandra to spend a night with one of the brothers even if it meant by force. Francisca refused and threatened even when they threatened her. They wouldn't take no for an answer. Francisca managed to trick them into getting arrested. One of them was killed in a fight. Though she didn't kill him, Francisca was arrested. She reassured Alejandra she'd get out soon by convincing the courts. Her confidence got the best of her. 

Francisca wasn't able to fool anyone, and she was angry her tactics failed. AOn top of it all, she became terribly ill in prison and grew frail. What ailed her, the prison didn't know and sent her off to another place. She was in a whirl of nonstop pain as her migraines grew worse: the worst pain of her life. Alejandra wasn't allowed to visit or even told the new location! It was a minister who stepped in and helped her slowly recover. He believed her story and encouraged her to find a new calling than tricking others. It took a long time, but they finally got Francisca free. She was overcome with joy to reunite with her twin. Those 6 months was the longest time they'd ever been apart.

Now to the movie's timeline. Some things haven't changed for Francisca now that she's 30. Migraines still persist, she can still be insensitive to others, but she still lives with Alejandra. Francisca continues working hard but found her new calling as the town doctor's assistant. Impressed by her medical knowledge, he offered the job, and she gained many experiences. She's helped save lives, deliver babies and fix broken bones. It doesn't change the town's opinion of her. She's been nicknamed, the Green-Eyed Viper, Heartless and Perra. They'll joke about her. "You know where Francisca Cordova will go when she dies? Nowhere. She's soulless!" "Ay Cordova, have you sold your soul? Oh wait. You couldn't have! You never had one!"

Francisca knows all of that but doesn't let it get to her. She won't let anything get to her. Not even a magical place with a sentient house and people with powers! Not even an old friend of her mom who just may understand her so well!

@encanto-extended-edition

#more to the plot! #Random fact Ripley from Aliens helped inspire #encanto #encanto oc event #encanto oc appreciation #francisca cordova #Miracles Come in Pairs

[mariacallous]

Antipsychotics come from a long line of accidents. In 1876, German chemists created a textile dye called methylene blue, which happened to also dye cells. It meandered into biology labs and, soon after, proved lethal against malaria parasites. Methylene blue became modern medicine’s first fully synthetic drug, lucking into gigs as an antiseptic and an antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. Cue the spinoffs: A similar molecule, promethazine, became an antihistamine, sedative, and anesthetic. Other phenothiazines followed suit. Then, in 1952, came chlorpromazine.

After doctors sedated a manic patient for surgery, they noticed that chlorpromazine suppressed his mania. A series of clinical trials confirmed that the drug treated manic symptoms, as well as hallucinations and delusions common in psychoses like schizophrenia. The US Food and Drug Administration approved chlorpromazine in 1954. Forty different antipsychotics sprang up within 20 years. “They were discovered serendipitously,” says Jones Parker, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University. “So we don't know what they actually do to the brain.”

But Parker really wants to know. He has spent his career studying brains flooded with dopamine, the condition that underpins psychosis. And while he doesn’t pretend to fully understand antipsychotics either, he believes he’s got the right approach to the job: gazing directly into brains. With a combination of tiny lenses, microscopes, cameras, and fluorescent molecules, Parker’s lab can observe thousands of individual neurons in mice, in real time, as they experience different antipsychotic drugs. That’s now paying dividends. In results appearing in the August issue of Nature Neuroscience, Parker shows that an assumption about antipsychotics that’s almost as old as the drugs themselves is …. well, wrong.

Neuroscientists have long thought that antipsychotics dampen extreme dopamine transmission by sticking to receptors in a type of cell called spiny projection neurons, or SPNs. The drugs basically box out the dopamine at receptor proteins called D1 or D2 (where “D” stands for dopamine). Each of the spiny neurons sport either D1 or D2—they’re genetically distinct. Experiments on calf brain extracts in the 1970s showed that the most powerful antipsychotics are the ones that cling strongly to the D2 SPNs in particular, so decades worth of antipsychotics were designed and refined with D2 in mind.

But when Parker’s team probed how four antipsychotics affect D1, D2, and mouse behavior, they found that the most drug interaction is actually happening at D1 neurons. “It’s good to start with a logical prediction and then let the brain surprise you,” Parker says.

The notion that D1 receptors may be a more important target upends decades of research in a $15 billion market for drugs that are famously erratic. Antipsychotics don’t work for about 30 percent of people who try them. They’re plagued by side effects, from extreme lethargy to unwanted facial movements, and rarely address the cognitive symptoms of psychosis, like social withdrawal and poor working memory.

Assumptions about D2 ran deep, says Katharina Schmack, a psychiatrist and neuroscientist who was not involved in the work and studies psychosis at the Francis Crick Institute in the United Kingdom: “This was the textbook knowledge.”

“I was surprised, but kind of excited” by the new study’s conclusions, she continues. Now, she says, “We can start to understand the actual mechanism. And that is the first step to then really get to much better treatments.”

Psychosis flares up in the striatum, a small, curved tissue tucked deep in the brain that helps control how you move, feel, and make decisions. Densely packed neurons extend their spiny branches out of the striatum like ribbon cables. Dopamine prompts those neurons to send signals elsewhere in the brain. This interface is where a blaze of dopamine is thought to overwhelm the mind.

About 95 percent of the neurons connecting the striatum to the rest of the brain are SPNs, each sporting either a D1 or D2 receptor. When dopamine clings to D1, those neurons become more excitable; when it clings to D2, those get less so. The entire system interconnects, so it’s hard to pin down true causes and effects. But Parker believes that by monitoring individual cells, scientists can reverse engineer enough of the circuitry to learn how to deliver drugs to it in the most effective way possible.

The first step in his experiment was to mimic excess dopamine in mice by giving them amphetamines. “You inject them with amphetamine, and they run more. If you inject them with antipsychotics first, they run less. That’s the state of the art,” Parker says.

Then, to find out exactly which neurons the amphetamines were interacting with, his team implanted small endoscopes into each mouse’s brain and rigged tiny 2-gram microscopes to peer through the endoscopes. Parker learned this type of in vivo imaging during a postdoc as a Pfizer employee doing research at Stanford University with Mark Schnitzer, a biophysicist who pioneered the method to study neurons more generally. The endoscopes are invasive, but not so bothersome that they get in the way of experiments.

Since D1 and D2 neurons are genetically distinct, the scientists were able to study each individually. As a way to tell them apart, they had designed fluorescent molecules that tagged only the cells with a particular genetic sequence. They then recorded how the neurons reacted after amphetamine injections: D1 SPNs became more excitable, or responsive, and D2 became less so. This matched the textbook theory, Parker says, “but no one had actually shown that yet.”

Then things got weird. Each of the mice had already been injected with one of four drugs: haloperidol, a first-generation drug from the 1950s known for motor side effects; olanzapine, a second-gen drug; clozapine, a powerful drug that’s administered when others don’t work; and MP-10, a drug candidate Pfizer had developed that looked effective in animals but failed during clinical trials in 2019 when it exacerbated psychosis in humans.

Most neuroscientists would wager that the three effective drugs should ignite some action in D2 SPNs, and might do nothing at D1. Indeed, haloperidol and olanzapine countered the amphetamine’s effect on D2, as expected. But clozapine didn’t. And the big surprise was that controlling D1 neurons seemed to be the factor that mattered most. All three effective drugs normalized the action at D1, and MP-10 didn’t. In fact, MP-10 had leveled out activity at D2 but actually made the abnormal D1 activity worse. “It exacerbated the hyperactivity,” Parker says. “That kind of sealed the deal.”

Next, Parker wondered how general this effect is. Most antipsychotics developed over the past 70 years stick to dopamine receptors, but a new generation binds to other sites, like acetylcholine receptors. Might these new drugs still be doing something to D1 neurons indirectly?

Parker’s team picked three promising new drugs—all in the final clinical trials needed for FDA approval—and repeated the first round of experiments. All three somehow normalized D1 activity too. “We were really surprised,” Parker says.

Schmack says it’s “fascinating” that this pattern holds for antipsychotics that target different receptors. “It seems to be a very consistent observation,” she says.

The behavior of the mice also told a consistent story. In both rounds of testing, all of the antipsychotics—except MP-10, which was already known to be ineffective—helped amphetamine-agitated mice slow down and move normally. And their neural activity told a consistent story about why. While the effects on D2 neurons varied, each of those six drugs normalized D1 neurons—suggesting D1 is the receptor that matters more.

To Schmack, these results suggest that drug companies should target D1 in testing—she thinks a drug candidate’s effect on that receptor could be a good proxy for its likelihood of success. “It’s something that we are always desperately in need of,” she says.

“It is extremely powerful, and a wonderful screening tool,” agrees Jessica Walsh, a neuropharmacologist at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who was not involved in the work. “With all the drugs that already exist, this really shows that with drugs that we thought selectively targeted one receptor—perhaps that’s not the entire story.”

Parker makes a convincing case for targeting D1, Walsh says, by running through the “whole gamut” of drugs: “It was a humongous effort.” Yet Walsh notes that the interconnections between neurons like D1 and D2 SPNs mean that D2 SPNs may still be important. It’s possible that some drugs level out D1 activity by sticking to D2 receptors.

“It is tricky to shift the role of D2 receptors as being crucial,” Robert McCutcheon, a psychosis researcher at the University of Oxford, England, wrote in an email to WIRED. He suggests testing other approved drugs with no supposed attraction to D1 receptors, like amisulpride.

The field still longs for a better grasp of which neural circuits respond most to antipsychotics. “This is the first step to actually disentangling the exact effects,” says Schmack. “We can develop new antipsychotic drugs that target new points in this way, and might have less side effects than the antipsychotic drugs that we have right now.”

Parker’s current plan is to test what happens when he blocks the D1 receptor just sometimes, with drugs called “partial agonists.” The drugs compensate for high dopamine and low dopamine. It’s a different approach than just blocking dopamine altogether, and Parker hopes his new results bode well for D1 partial agonists in particular. That’s because despite having more dopamine in their striatum, people with schizophrenia actually have lower dopamine levels in their cortex, a feature that neuroscientists think contributes to social withdrawal and forgetfulness. “Such a drug could be both antipsychotic and cognition-promoting,” Parker says. His lab has begun testing candidates.

The Nature Neuroscience study’s results open new inroads to treating psychosis, Parker says. “If we’re not constrained by this idea that they always need to bind this receptor or do this one thing to this type of neuron, we can begin to think about what might be possible in other ways.”

[fulltum]

Good morning babes, today I would like to remind you mice routinely have litters of 14 pups. Imagine Marshy artificially impregnated with regular mouse pups in some kind of science fictiony genetic experiment to create hyperfat mice with the same unlimited appetite and tum capacity, only the pups are all quite large to him and he's not used to so many things moving inside of him and doesn't know what's going on...

#gt #giant tiny #mpreg #hyper mpreg

[studyhaus]

Article Review - Frontotemporal Dementia

I was reading this article and wanted to tell you the interesting information that I learned from it:

1. Dementia is a well-known disease. However, there is a rare type of dementia called frontotemporal dementia (FTD) that affects those aged 45 to 64. It is different from types like Alzheimer’s as it causes behavioural changes rather than memory degradation. Examples of symptoms include inappropriate social manners, impulsive actions and difficulty expressing oneself. Currently, there is no cure for FTD and current treatment options are ineffective. About 40% of cases exhibit family history -> genetic influence. Genes linked to the gene are being studied to understand how this disease causes dysfunction of neurons and neural circuits. Interestingly, FTD has some links with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the latter of which can cause progressive muscle deterioration and fatality.

2. There is then an analogy introduced about genes as being a set of instructions for cells to follow to produce protein used in life functions. Mutated genes* can hence alter protein function to be lost or abnormal. In the case of FTD, mutations in genes coding for two proteins called tau (neuron stabilizer, forms clumps in diseased brain) and progranulin (regulates cell growth and lysosome** activity) is specific. Mutations in C9orf72 and the gene coding for TDP-43 (forms clumps in diseased brain) cause both FTD and ALS.

3. A particular gene mutation can either cause FTD, ALS or both, while not being observable for many years in affected individuals. Why? One possible reason apart from lifestyle and environment is modifier genes that determine if mutated genes will lead to disease (some protect against it, some promote it). Identifying these genes is important to cure neurodegenerative diseases including the two above.

4. How so? As an example, the writer shares their research experiences. They have worked on generating stem cell lines from FTD patients with mutated progranulin and C9orf72 that can form neurons that can be studied in controlled experiments to understand the disease processes and test potential treatments. Their team also uses fruit flies to identify modifier genes and then study their effects on neuron disease in FTD/ALS patients. They discovered a small subset of such genes aiding in molecular transport to and from a neuron’s nucleus as well as genes aiding in DNA repair. Using techniques like gene-silencing on these modifiers could be possible cures.

4. There are challenges understanding the behavioural changes that FTD causes. Yet, studies in mice have led to possible explanations for two symptoms: social withdrawal and lack of empathy. For the first symptom, two disease proteins in the same area of the brain are responsible, suggesting faults in the same neural circuit that could be reversed by injecting microRNA-124 molecules into the prefrontal cortex (region responsible for social behaviour). The second symptom is associated with weak synapse (regions where neuron contact is necessary for transmitting information) response in this cortex and increasing activity could help improve it. Future advancements aim to make FTD curable.

I was so fascinated by this report… anyone interested in neuroscience should give this article a go!

Disclaimer: This is purely a concise reflection on the points presented in the article. These are not my opinions at all. I am only posting knowledge.

* Genes with altered DNA sequences. ** Organelle in the cell that breaks down materials.

#learning #studyblr #study #knowledge #writing #reading #science #health #medicine #article review

[raitrolling]

thing about vallis that i think i forgot to mention here: he was experimenting with using his eldritch abilities to alter the genetic makeup of other creatures, which only resulted in him melting a whole bunch of mice brains and zombifying them

#he was trying to make them sprout fins and become semi-aquatic. it didnt work #so now he has a bunch of mice that only come alive whenever he sings #ooc #vallis reyleh

[olddirtybadfic]

Head canon about Pinky and the Brain

They're part of an experiment in society-building and civilization creation.

The scientists genetically altered mice to be more intelligent so they could study how intelligent animals build societies and civilizations. They had to use mice because it's illegal to run such an experiment with humans and rodents were the easiest for them to work with. There may be more genetically-altered mice (and other rodents), but Pinky and Brain aren't aware of most of them.

At some point in the future, the scientists planned to relocate all the intelligent mice into an area on lab grounds where they could figure out how to build villages and form some sort of rodent government.

#pinky and the brain #patb #headcanon

[bpod-bpod]

Undividing Attention

Since cancers arise when cells divide uncontrollably, you might think the one part of a tumour we don’t need to worry about is a group of cells that aren’t dividing. But recent research has suggested that these ‘senescent’ cells might be important to cancer development and a potential target for treatments. Researchers investigated senescent cells in glioblastomas – deadly brain tumours – in mice and human samples (extracted mouse glioblastoma cells pictured on an artificial matrix for growth and experimentation). Senescent cells make up less than 7% of the tumours, but removal of them resulted in improved survival of mice. With further experiments they identified a key protein, NRF2, coordinating senescence and found similar gene expression in these cells in mouse and human tumours. Cancers with a higher proportion of senescent cells are associated with shorter survival times, and new approaches targeting senescence could supplement existing treatments, improving the prognosis for patients.

March is Brain Tumour Awareness Month

Written by Anthony Lewis

Image from work by Rana Salam and Alexa Saliou, and colleagues Isabelle Le Roux Lab

Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team, Paris, France

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Research published in Nature Communications, January 2023

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

#science #biomedicine #brain tumours #neuroscience #neurobiology #oncology #cancer #brain cancer #glioblastoma #gbm #our brain bank #immunofluorescence #jackson pollock #sci art #brain tumor awareness month #brain tumour awareness month

[ninjastormhawkkat]

Disillusion - Bios

Becky Boxleitner - aka - Lady Corva: From that day on, Becky became a new type of person. She became the anti-hero Lady Corva. Her illusion of heroes shattered, especially when some of that corrupt hero's PR people tried to pay her dad off for silence. (They refused the money and left the city, no intention of returning.) She has a hatred and distrust for older heroes and pity for up and coming ones (Like Rex). As Lady Corva - Becky doesn't interfere with villain schemes. She rather just keeps civilians out of harms way. If the police come knocking or any hero comes around to stop the villain, she makes their jobs that much harder with her powers, skills, and tech her dad designed for her. She would often help villains with their crimes, making the getaway's easier, as long as people don't get hurt (unless those people are jerks). In her civilian life, Becky is still friendly and outgoing with her close friends Violet, Scoops, Victoria, Tobey, Rose, and Eileen. Otherwise she does not try to actively make friends and is only respectful and polite to people when they treat her and her family and friends well. She is warm with the Botsford family because why not. TJ has the International Lady Corva Fan Club. Instead of Art class, Becky takes gymnastics and fencing to help sharpen her skills. She does not solely rely on her powers in battle in this au. She has a pet crow named Rapier. Her aunt found the guy alone and abandoned on her way to visit her brother and niece in Fair City. The crow became Becky's pet. It was discovered by Steven that the poor crow was a result of an abandoned genetics experiment. Rapier has better eyesight and speed than an average crow and can live for a very long time. Rapier's secret identity Plague Hunter. This crow eats bugs and berries. Including some spiders. Steven - Dr. Two Brains: Still becomes Dr. Two Brains in this au. Although the mad scientist is miffed his arm never grew back. Two Brains: Come on it worked for Kurt Conners. Steven had gotten his arm amputated after the accident. His best friends Tubing and Doohickey helped Steven make his robotic prosthetic arm. Tobey is intrigued and curious to how it works but Two Brains won't let the kid touch it. After his accident, Two Brains repairs his arm by himself mostly. He made a few modifications to get it to resemble a mouse paw. He and Becky are not on opposing sides like in canon or the regular bbau's. Even back when he was Steven, Two Brains made gadgets and tech modifications to help his daughter with her anti-hero side. He still talks to Tubing and Doohickey even afterwards. Lady Corva has a black visor and earpiece to help her dad observe her battles (when he is not committing them), and give her aid and advice as usual. This Two Brains/Steven is not much different from his bbau and canon self. He did become slightly solemn after Becky learned the dark truth about corrupt heroes just because his child was sad now. Becky and her dad are both still sassy people. Squeaky was at first afraid of Rapier because he thought the crow would eat mice, but he calmed down after seeing the crow prefer berries and bugs, including spiders. Squeaky also relates to Rapier about being genetic experiments. Dr. Two Brains is also a practical joker and more relaxed in this au. Note: Don't ask him to give you a hand. Notable changes: - Mousebrain takeover is not that angsty. Two Brains was bored and Squeaky and Lady Corva mostly had friendly chats. Lady Corva felt Squeaky did cross a line when he openly terrorized people because it violated her rule. -Lady Corva was never fooled by Miss Power. -Becky is 12 to 13 when Kid Math comes around. This part is angsty.

-A world without Lady Corva (Wordgirl) - Becky's wish is for Bob to come back and that they never went to that city in the first place. @melodythebunny @dualnaturedscientist

#wordgirl #wordgirl au #steven boxleitner #dr two brains #disillusion #lady corva #professor james doohickey #professor robert tubing #kid math #miss power #spiderman reference #tobey mcallister iii #scoops #violet heaslip #eileen #victoria best #anti hero #tw: amputation #squeaky