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doomxdriven · 1 year

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Tanba Verses and Au’s

OUR STEPS SEAL FATE (FGO)

Assassin has found himself thrust into something far greater than a simple Grail War; humanity lies in ruin, and it’s only bastion of hope sits within the halls of the Chaldea Security Organization. Having a vested interest in seeing both the world and humanity restored to glory– things he one day aims to rule over– Assassin acts as an ally of Chaldea after his summoning, offering his assistance to its members in their efforts to combat the various Singularities responsible for mankind’s current state.

When he is not busy supporting Chaldea’s staff in the field or with other matters, Assassin will be around Chaldea’s master, and if he’s not, he will be roaming Chaldea’s halls, where he can be found making friends, making enemies, eavesdropping, people watching, and so forth.

WHERE THE LOST ARE THE HEROES. (F/APOCRYPHA)

In a war filled with gods and legendary heroes of the highest status, there was little room for the weak. For that reason alone, a typical Assassin class servant would not be enough to weather this grand conflict. That is what drove one master of the Black Faction to search far and wide for their candidate, beyond the stories of the Hashshashin, and beyond the confines of the western world itself.

Into the myths and legends of the far east this Black Faction master delved, poring over book after book, and scroll after scroll, until finally, they found their beacon of hope. In the Land of the Rising Sun, there were many a tale of assassin’s, or ninja as they were more correctly known, but one group in particular stood out among the rest; THE IGA-RYU.

Known far and wide for the legends surrounding their members, and the artifacts they were reputed to have possessed, those of the Iga-ryu were perfect candidates to fight in this, the Great Holy Grail War.

Relics related to three of the Iga-ryu’s most renowned masters– hattori hanzo, fujibayashi nagato, and momochi tanba– were then gathered, and in an undisclosed location within Mie Prefecture, the summoning ritual was prepared. This master of the Black Faction reasoned that one of these three great shinobi would have to answer the call, and while one of them eventually would, it would not be to serve them, but another.

Another magus, a woman by the name of Sylvia (@equiilux), had long been waiting in the wings, and at the last second they swooped in, killing this master of the Black Faction in cold blood after a brief, but perilous fight. Taking the former Black Faction master’s place, Sylvia would then conduct the summoning ritual on her own, and on her third attempt, her efforts would finally pay off.

Answering this new master’s call was Momochi Tanba, the famed ruler of Iga province, and one of the greatest shinobi to have ever walked the earth. Commanding an array of powerful and mysterious shinobi magics, along with legendary items like the Tsuki no Kage, and Getsuruitō, Assassin was the the perfect wild card for this grand conflict.

Assassin himself was thrilled to have been summoned, and though his path to the Grail is unclear, he is eager to claim it, and the wish it would grant him; to face Nobunaga once more, and with their death, claim his place as the rightful ruler of the world.

GLITTER & GOLD. (FANDOMLESS - MODERN!FANTASY AU)

Tanba’s dreams of ruling all Japan were dashed by Nobunaga in the latters invasion of Iga province, but while many of Iga’s denizens and scores of Tanba’s clansmen were slaughtered by Nobunaga, Tanba and a small group of his retainers managed to survive Nobunaga’s wrath, immersing themselves in Japan’s underground scene where they would go on to slowly recuperate and rebuild some of what they lost. Thanks to the rituals performed on him when he was young, Tanba was effectively immortal in the biological sense, and so as the years passed, he slowly rebuilt the Iga-ryu’s numbers, and turned it into something.. different, but altogether powerful.

By the year 2018 A.D, the Iga-ryu (now known simply as Yatagarasu) had become a powerful secret society that possessed great sway in Japan’s political, criminal, and supernatural happenings, and at the society’s helm was Tanba, pulling strings of all kinds behind the scenes. Publicly, Tanba presents himself as the owner of a prominent weapons manufacturer with contracts to the JSDF, as well as the owner of a successful martial arts school, who also keeps a lively prescence in social circles (on the high and low ends) within and outside of Japan.

The rumours of his criminal and improper political activities are abound, however nothing has ever been proven in the courts or otherwise, allowing Tanba to mostly operate as he see’s fit. One could say that Tanba’s position at the head of Yatagarasu has granted his wish of controlling Japan, which he more or less does (he is not without competition in Japan’s underground scene but he undeniably it’s biggest player), but to say he hasn’t recently set his sights outside Japan would be a lie. There’s whole wide world out there, and maybe Tanba wants to control all of it someday, too… [Extra Info Here]

THE OTHER SIDE OF PARADISE. (BLEACH AU)

In the early years of the Gotei 13, Tanba stood as Captain of the 2nd Division, where he, along with the backing of his Noble House, would establish the Onmitsukidō, serving as its Commander-in-Chief on the side. However, after a number of disagreements between Tanba, Central 46, and Captain Commander Yamamoto culminated in an unsanctioned duel within the 1st Division barracks (a duel Tanba lost), Tanba gathered many of his loyal subordinates, renounced his family name, and parted ways with the Soul Society, opting to live within the human world instead.

Having broken numerous laws of the Soul Society, Tanba and those who followed him were branded traitors, and all records of them within the Soul Society were destroyed. Tanba and his followers were hunted by the Gotei 13 and Onmitsukidō for a time, but at some point, the pursuit against them was called off.

During the ensuing struggles between the Soul Society and the Quincy following their initial war, Tanba and his followers would once again end up on the Soul Society’s radar when he attempted to offer the Quincy aid, however, in the aftermath that followed, Tanba reached an agreement with Central 46, establishing a true ’peace’ between his followers and the Soul Society. In the centuries that followed this peace, Tanba and his followers, as well as those who eventually broke off to follow their own paths, collectively became responsible for the myths and legends associated with Japan’s mystical ‘shinobi’ or ‘ninja’.

As the human world modernized, Tanba, and his small group of followers, moved out from their mountainous refuge in Iga province and went east, where they eventually settled in Karakura Town. Seeking to intergrate himself in modern society and raise his status within it, Tanba would establish a successful weapons manufacturing company, as well as a martial arts school, where he quickly made a name for himself across Japan and beyond, but especially within Karakura Town. The recent increase in Hollow activity around Karakura Town might draw Tanba into an interesting series of events, though… and maybe he can use those events to finally spur his ultimate dream into action. [Extra Info Here]

IN THE SHADOWS. (JUJUTSU KAISEN AU)

Tanba is a mysterious curse user who hails from the ancient Momochi line, a family of revered sorcerors who were known to have established the Iga-ryu, a school of Jujutsu Sorcery that, along with its creators, was thought to have been destroyed in Japan’s Sengoku period during Nobunaga’s invasion of Iga Province. In truth, much of the Momochi family, and many Iga-ryu adherents were indeed killed hundreds of years ago in response to Tanba’s unhinged ambitions (his desire to control all of Japan), but Tanba and a small group of his retainers managed to survive Nobunaga’s wrath, immersing themselves in Japan’s underground scene where they would go on to slowly recuperate and rebuild some of what they lost.

Over the centuries, Tanba would slowly rebuild his following, morphing the Iga-ryu it into something…. different, but altogether powerful. By the current day, Tanba’s group had taken on the moniker ‘Yatagarasu’, becoming a secret society of Curse Users who’s existence is debated among Jujutsu Sorcerors and other Curse Users alike. Yatagarasu is very real, however, and as it’s head, Tanba pulls strings of all kinds behind Japan’s political and criminal happenings, but most notably, it’s Jujutsu scene. Publicly, Tanba presents himself as the owner of a prominent weapons manufacturer, and is known as a major benefactor to Japan’s two Jujutsu colleges. Tanba is also known to keep a lively prescence in social circles (on the high and low ends) within and outside of Japan, but as of late, he’s been focusing more on his homeland, what with the strange curse related happenings occuring recently.

All in all, Tanba still works toward his ultimate goal, his dream of one day ruling all Japan and perhaps even more, and with Yatagarasu’s great power and influence only growing by the day, he may just see that dream realized sooner rather than later. For now, however, Tanba bides his time, and keeps a close eye on the actions of Japan’s Sorcerors, and Curse Users, watching for any events or individuals that may further his goals, or threaten them.

[Extra Info IS TBA ATM!]

#tanba mobile verses

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relative-dimension · 2 years

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“Five Hundred Eyes”

Season 1, episode 16 - 7th March 1964

[id: French orientalist Paul Pelliot examining a manuscript in the Library Cave of the Mogao Caves (the Caves of a Thousand Buddahs). He is sat on the floor, and around him are stacked many other manuscripts and books. /end id]

Okay, this review was going to be the part where I talked enthusiastically about the genuine attempt to depict Chinese culture in this serial, maybe talk about the lovely sets, and centre the entire discussion around Ping-Cho’s story in the middle of the episode. Fortunately, I decided to do some research around that story before writing it. You will see why I needed to do research and this may end up being a bit long and a bit of a rant but hey, I’m a history nerd and I don’t want to misrepresent anything, and I now have a lot of opinions about how John Lucarotti went about crafting a historical story. We’ll get there.

Is it an entertaining watch: 3/5, yeah, not much happens but I love the production and while watching it this was the point where I started to like this serial. Upon further research, I don’t any more.

Does the production hold up: 2/5, again, yellowface, but some of the sets in this serial are really nice, althought the Cave of Five Hundred Eyes itself really looks like shit from what I can tell.

Does it use its time well: 3/5, the first half drags a bit in a way that feels like it’s trying its hardest to move on, but by the middle it’s settled into a slow pace that feels deliberate, with time for Ping-Cho’s story (we get there when we GET there, I’m saying nice things at the moment) and the slow build-up of the threat at the end leading to the cliffhanger (more on that side of the story tomorrow).

Are the characters consistent and well-used: 4/5, yeah, they all get something to do, and there’s at least one fun or interesting scene for each of them. I saw some reviewers complain that Ian giving out fun facts about etymology

Is there anything actually going on under the surface: 1/5, as will become apparent, I suddenly don’t have much faith that John Lucarotti put any thought at all into this serial, and just wanted to put to screen as many things that Marco Polo said happened as possible.

Does it avoid being a bit dodge with its politics: 1/5, ah, and now we get to the good stuff. And by that I mean that bad stuff. I’m gonna have to actually organise this into paragraphs to properly explain what I mean.

As I mentioned earlier, in roughly the middle of the story, Ping-Cho tells a story about the Cave of Five Hundred Eyes, in which “Ala-eddin, the Old Man of the Mountains” uses “devious schemes” and the hashish drug to trick his soldiers into believing they were in paradise, then using that faith to convince them to give their lives for him, or else they would never see that paradise again, as only he had the power to take them there. Then, “mighty Hulagu” besieged their “lair” for three years, before killing them.

In my initial outline for this review, I praised the writing and production for giving the only actually Asian actor the monologue in which she tells a story from her culture and history. Unfortunately, upon even the smallest amount of research (I only had a day to write this, but I spent several hours reading various wikipedia articles and their sources to confirm this), I learned that this story isn’t a traditional Chinese legend about the Hashshashin, nor is it an accurate historical source. It is something that Marco Polo and other European scholars believed, as Marco Polo himself documented the story himself and is one of the original sources, but its authenticity has been thoroughly debunked.

The real history is that of the conflict between the Mongol empire, under Möngke Khan and Hülegü Khan, and the Nizari state of Alamut, ruled by Alā ad-Dīn Muḥammad, in which 100,000 Nizaris were massacred by the Mongols. However, this part is not the focus of Ping-Cho’s story, more of an afterthought and an explanation for why they aren’t around any more. The bulk of the story revolves around the story of The Old Man of the Mountains, which has a complicated history too. The real “Old Man” was Hasan-i Sabbah, founder of the Nizari Isma'ili state in c.1090 and its fida'i military group, who would eventually gain the name “Assassins”. The origin of this name for the group is disputed, but it’s not because of the hashish drug, Ian.

The most compelling piece of evidence I found against this story of the Nizari fida’i was that of Peter Willey, who argues that according to the esoteric doctrine of the Nizari, the Isma’ili understanding of paradise was spiritual, not simply physical. Therefore, they would not have been fooled by a pretty garden and hot women into believing they were in paradise, or that only Hassan-i Sabbah was able to get them there again. Willey also points out that Juvayni, courtier of Hulagu Khan, surveyed the Alamut castle where the Nizari were, and found no evidence of any garden - and given how Juvayni destroyed texts in the library he deemed heretical, it would be surprising if he saw the drug use and temptation of this supposed garden and didn’t make note of it.

So if, even in contemporary non-Ismaili Muslim sources which were hostile to the Ismailis, there is no evidence of this story or any link of hashish to the Assassins, where did this come from, and why did John Lucarotti put it here? Well, that’s part of a long history of orientalism that I don’t have the time, energy, or knowledge to get too deep into, but I’ll give it my best shot.

The Nizari fida’i soldiers were known for not fearing injury or death, and the Crusaders, being the Crusaders, didn’t understand how they could be so loyal to their cause as to throw their own lives away (one story of similarly dubious origin describes them literally throwing themselves off cliffs at the order of their commander, as proof to an enemy leader that they were more loyal and therefore dangerous than the other larger army).

The term “hashishi” was used by 1122, with derogatory connotations of outcasts and rabble, to refer to the Nizaris, by their enemies, the term having its origin describing criminals who were mentally absent, and therefore similar to the effects of the hashish drug. However, no evidence points to the drug being used by the Assassins, or there being a link to the word being used for them and the taking of the drug, not even from the anti-Isma’ili Muslim sources at the time. However, the Crusaders and other Europeans at the time didn’t know this, which is why Marco Polo describes a legend involving the drug.

The fear of the Isma’ili as deadly, radical, and bloodthirsty assassins was linked to the hashishi term and therefore the hashish drug, and also to William of Tyre’s “Old Man of the Mountain” description of the Isma’ili leader at Alamut, and was filtered through various orientalist tropes around the secret practices of the Nizaris created by Crusaders ignorant of Islam, and through the 12th and 13th centuries this combination become a legend similar to that which Ping-Cho describes. These stories were popularised in the 19th century by orientalists such as Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, and presumably through these sources, along with translations of Marco Polo’s writings, eventually reached John Lucarotti.

Now, my first instinct after learning all of that was to think “ah, but it was the 1960s! The main book that you looked at was published in 1995, there just wasn’t much research put into this by the 1960s.” And while yes, there wasn’t as much research, there was still some. Modern Isma'ili scholarship, pioneered by historians such as Vladimir Ivanov at the Islamic Research Association in the 1930s and 40s, laid the groundwork for disproving these legends, and all of that could have been researched by Lucarotti when writing this. Now, maybe he didn’t think to check that Marco Polo wasn’t 100% right about everything, or maybe the intention was to provide a depiction of Marco Polo’s perspective on ancient China, or maybe Lucarotti thought that since this legend was around at the time, telling it in the story was historically accurate. However, I think all of this is giving Lucarotti too much credit. I think what happened is he read Marco Polo’s diaries, and adapted stories into this Doctor Who serial, and then, despite this being a supposedly educational show, didn’t think any more of it, resulting in an uncritical regurgitation of orientalist tropes and etymological misnomers that had me fooled into thinking he was providing an accurate depiction of this culture and time period. Ugh.

Overall Score (oh yeah this is a Dr Who review not a history essay) - 14/30

#i would like to apologise for any innacuracies i end up with trying to correct this 60 year old episode #i am just one woman and sourced most of this from wikipedia in one day. sorry im bound to get things wrong but im trying here #and i have already found a book on the subject i wanna read now 👀#anyway we'll see if i have enough energy to do this much thinking about the aztecs in a few weeks. we'll see.#doctor who #dw #first doctor #orientalism #dw review #ian chesterton #barbara wright #susan foreman #historical #marco polo #over a thousand words on one scene from one episode. god. autism.#11-15 #was tempted to give it a zero in the last category but im not breaking my system for comic effect THIS early its week 3 ffs #season 1

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ancientoriginses · 1 year

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A finales del siglo XI, un hombre llamado Hassan-i Sabbah creó una orden de Nizaríes Ismaelitas en Persia y Siria: los famosos Hashshashin, los que capturaron muchas fortalezas en las montañas y hasta representaron una amenaza para la autoridad Suní - Seljuk en Persia.

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sarkos · 17 days

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youtube

Demdike Stare - Hashshashin Chant

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ancientorigins · 2 years

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The story of the Hashshashins sounds like something straight out of a Hollywood movie. But in fact, the Hashshashin assassins of the late 11th century were actually fighters who used guerilla tactics to assassinate the enemies of the Nizari Isma’ili, a Muslim religious sect.

#Iran #Persia #Syria #Hashshashins #assassins #Muslim #Saladin #cult #order #Nizari Ismailies #assassination #Hassan-I Sabbah #ancient #history #ancient origins

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the-last-human-war · 1 month

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GodofWar Punisher WarMachine FutureWinterSoldier MolagBal Sauron

God of War Weapons List. Main Feature Versatile List of Specialty Weapons that prove the Most Leverage in Battle

1. Crucible Sword of the DOOMSLAYER

2. Dual-wield with the Crucible Sword: The Pendellum Axe Gun

3. Glaive

4. Chinese Sword that looks like a Straight Katana cuz that Dynasty shared its Designs with Japan.

5. Indian Scimitar of Ghengis Khan

6. Daggertail (Hashshashins Aka Hashshansins Aka Hassansins Aka Grasseaters Aka Original Assassins of Persia). Aka Scorpion's (Razor) Chain Spear.

[Requires Level 7 Security Clearance. Data entry Redacted. TO BE CONTINUED.]

7. God of War - War Machines, Vehicles, Ammo types, Technology, Tactical Gadgets, Defenses, Uncommon Offense, Other Armaments & Provisions, All Warfare and Strategies

1. Rorschach's Journal: Mission Report - December 16, 1991. Remember Remember the 7th of November. Today... A Naked Snake died. Actually, ehem, Redacted. A Stark Snake died. Moscow has lit up like the 4th Floor of Ju-On. It's Chernobyl times 3,572,855... Completely Incalculable. 2. Case File - Guns of the Patriots, and Super-Scarab METAL GEAR Programs, the Engines have been ignited, the Gears of the Train rolling, the Beast shall Roar again. Venom Snake commands Armaments Manufacturers as Director, and Applied Science Advisor & Lead Strategist demonstrating through Simulation how the Armaments of Engineers should perform in the Field. We must remind everyone he is not a Lab Rat, He is BIG BOSS!! What tha fuck does this scrawny guy know!? Hammer Industries? What... You gonna hit em with the Ex-Wife? New Protocol - We will use Iron Man as the Warzone Pin Cushion. 3. .... [BIG BOSS]... These Armament Programs are Perfect, in that they offer An Invasion Force the Most Effective and Efficient Methods of Conquering the Enemy Nation. Considering much Roots from The Art of War, I BIG BOSS apply Originality to All my Arsenal and Tactics. It is most dangerous when a General is completely Unprecedented and uses shit you've never seen. I am Ninja Sennin. I'm a Mind Freak. The first Tactic and Weapon I will use on the Defending Army is Psychological Warfare. To Shock, Traumatize, and Horrify the Enemy. Most especially Terrify the Enemy. But I would say Terror should only be used as the Cherry on Top of the Cake... After you have successfully Conquered their Mind Fortress, then Unleash True Petrifying Panic & Despair upon THEM... 4. .... BIG BOSS... I am very Creative, and very Clever. When I Manufacture Armaments, I Aim to Test the Imaginations of the Enemy. Then again, I let y'all in on a little secret... Most Effective Tactics are actually quite Simple and Savage. Savage as in the Nature of our Ids. Many People with Honor and Dignity, Decorated Generals!!... Don't have the Stomach for True Effective Warfare. This Warfare comes straight from The Red Lantern Corps of MARS. It is everyone's Destiny to undergo the Crucibles of Nirvana, and come Full Circle with One's Self. WAR... Is when We get to UNLEASH OUR INNER DEMONS. .... BIG BOSS... I am Demon Snake. HE IS... THE DOOMSLAYER. Question - How do you DESTROY your Enemy? You see, the End Game of War... Is how do you Aim to Destroy your Enemy. My Methods are Ultimately Flexible in that they consider All the Different Ways you'd like to End your Enemy. Most especially the Ultimate Outcomes: To Convert them into Allies, To Trap their Country in a Hellheim Realm to Torture them for Eternity, To Convert All their Dead into Zombies, To Slaughter and Devour them all for the sake of Cannibal Meat and Nutrition, To Enslave them all FOR DARKSEID, To Lett them all in Fatty Blood Farms for Vampires and probably piss off a lot of Gods in the process, To convert the Elderly into Human Vegetation and Feed the Earth their Bluud, To Let All the Enemy Live yet only to Completely RUIN their Precious Land and Shelters and Purge All their Data and Leave them with a

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t2000000000 · 5 months

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#Bandcamp

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koholint · 7 months

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today playlist:

Föllakzoid - 99

Trees of Life - The Small Rain

Seaworthy - Identifying the Body

The Verve - Gravity Grave

Beaches - Eternal Sphere

Lumerians - Hashshashin

Quickspace Supersport - Scubaplus

S.Y.P.H. - Satarasch

zOoOoOm - High Market

Funkadelic - I’ll Bet You

Deep Purple - Listen, Learn, Read On

Dzyan - A Day in My Life

thanks for listening!

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brookstonalmanac · 11 months

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Events 5.22

192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. 1176 – The Hashshashin (Assassins) attempt to assassinate Saladin near Aleppo. 1200 – King John of England and King Philip II of France sign the Treaty of Le Goulet. 1246 – Henry Raspe is elected anti-king of the Kingdom of Germany in opposition to Conrad IV. 1254 – Serbian King Stefan Uroš I and the Republic of Venice sign a peace treaty. 1370 – Brussels massacre: Between six and twenty Jews are murdered and the rest of the Jewish community is banished from Brussels, Belgium, for allegedly desecrating consecrated Host. 1377 – Pope Gregory XI issues five papal bulls to denounce the doctrines of English theologian John Wycliffe. 1455 – Start of the Wars of the Roses: At the First Battle of St Albans, Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England. 1520 – The massacre at the festival of Tóxcatl takes place during the Fall of Tenochtitlan, resulting in turning the Aztecs against the Spanish. 1629 – Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and Danish King Christian IV sign the Treaty of Lübeck ending Danish intervention in the Thirty Years' War. 1762 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Hamburg. 1762 – Trevi Fountain is officially completed and inaugurated in Rome. 1766 – A large earthquake causes heavy damage and loss of life in Istanbul and the Marmara region. 1804 – The Lewis and Clark Expedition officially begins as the Corps of Discovery departs from St. Charles, Missouri. 1807 – A grand jury indicts former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr on a charge of treason. 1809 – On the second and last day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling (near Vienna, Austria), Napoleon I is defeated in a major battle for the first time in his career, and repelled by an enemy army for the first time in a decade. 1816 – A mob in Littleport, Cambridgeshire, England, riots over high unemployment and rising grain costs, and the riots spread to Ely the next day. 1819 – SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia, United States, on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. 1826 – HMS Beagle departs on its first voyage. 1840 – The penal transportation of British convicts to the New South Wales colony is abolished. 1846 – The Associated Press is formed in New York City as a non-profit news cooperative. 1848 – Slavery is abolished in Martinique. 1849 – Future U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is issued a patent for an invention to lift boats, making him the only U.S. president to ever hold a patent. 1856 – Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beats Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made regarding Southerners and slavery. 1863 – American Civil War: Union forces begin the Siege of Port Hudson which lasts 48 days, the longest siege in U.S. military history. 1864 – American Civil War: After ten weeks, the Union Army's Red River Campaign ends in failure. 1866 – Oliver Winchester founded the Winchester Repeating Arms 1872 – Reconstruction Era: President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act into law, restoring full civil and political rights to all but about 500 Confederate sympathizers. 1905 – The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II establishes the Ullah millet for the Aromanians of the empire. For this reason, the Aromanian National Day is sometimes celebrated on this day, although most do so on May 23 instead, which is when this event was publicly announced. 1906 – The Wright brothers are granted U.S. patent number 821,393 for their "Flying-Machine". 1915 – Lassen Peak erupts with a powerful force, the only volcano besides Mount St. Helens to erupt in the contiguous U.S. during the 20th century. 1915 – Three trains collide in the Quintinshill rail disaster near Gretna Green, Scotland, killing 227 people and injuring 246. 1926 – Chiang Kai-shek replaces the communists in Kuomintang China. 1927 – Near Xining, China, an 8.3 magnitude earthquake causes 200,000 deaths in one of the world's most destructive earthquakes. 1939 – World War II: Germany and Italy sign the Pact of Steel. 1941 – During the Anglo-Iraqi War, British troops take Fallujah. 1942 – Mexico enters the Second World War on the side of the Allies. 1943 – Joseph Stalin disbands the Comintern. 1947 – Cold War: The Truman Doctrine goes into effect, aiding Turkey and Greece. 1948 – Finnish President J. K. Paasikivi releases Yrjö Leino from his duties as interior minister in 1948 after the Finnish parliament adopted a motion of censure of Leino with connection to his illegal handing over of nineteen people to the Soviet Union in 1945. 1957 – South Africa's government approves of racial separation in universities. 1958 – The 1958 riots in Ceylon become a watershed in the race relations of various ethnic communities of Sri Lanka. The total deaths are estimated at 300, mostly Tamils. 1960 – The Great Chilean earthquake, measuring 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale, hits southern Chile, becoming the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. 1962 – Continental Airlines Flight 11 crashes in Unionville, Missouri after bombs explode on board, killing 45. 1963 – Greek left-wing politician Grigoris Lambrakis is clubbed over the head, causing his death five days later. 1964 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson launches his Great Society program. 1967 – Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. 1967 – L'Innovation department store in Brussels, Belgium, burns down, resulting in 323 dead or missing and 150 injured, the most devastating fire in Belgian history. 1968 – The nuclear-powered submarine USS Scorpion sinks with 99 men aboard, 400 miles southwest of the Azores. 1969 – Apollo 10's lunar module flies within 8.4 nautical miles (16 km) of the moon's surface. 1972 – Ceylon adopts a new constitution, becoming a republic and changing its name to Sri Lanka. 1972 – Over 400 women in Derry, Northern Ireland attack the offices of Sinn Féin following the shooting by the Irish Republican Army of a young British soldier on leave. 1987 – Hashimpura massacre occurs in Meerut, India. 1987 – First ever Rugby World Cup kicks off with New Zealand playing Italy at Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand. 1990 – North and South Yemen are unified to create the Republic of Yemen. 1992 – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia join the United Nations. 1994 – A worldwide trade embargo against Haiti goes into effect to punish its military rulers for not reinstating the country's ousted elected leader, Jean-Bertrand Aristide. 1996 – The Burmese military regime jails 71 supporters of Aung San Suu Kyi in a bid to block a pro-democracy meeting. 1998 – A U.S. federal judge rules that U.S. Secret Service agents can be compelled to testify before a grand jury concerning the Lewinsky scandal involving President Bill Clinton. 2000 – In Sri Lanka, over 150 Tamil rebels are killed over two days of fighting for control in Jaffna. 2002 – Civil rights movement: A jury in Birmingham, Alabama, convicts former Ku Klux Klan member Bobby Frank Cherry of the 1963 murder of four girls in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. 2010 – Air India Express Flight 812, a Boeing 737 crashes over a cliff upon landing at Mangalore, India, killing 158 of 166 people on board, becoming the deadliest crash involving a Boeing 737 until the crash of Lion Air Flight 610. 2010 – Inter Milan beat Bayern Munich 2–0 in the UEFA Champions League final in Madrid, Spain to become the first, and so far only, Italian team to win the historic treble (Serie A, Coppa Italia, Champions League). 2011 – An EF5 tornado strikes Joplin, Missouri, killing 158 people and wreaking $2.8 billion in damages, the costliest and seventh-deadliest single tornado in U.S. history. 2012 – Tokyo Skytree opens to the public. It is the tallest tower in the world (634 m), and the second tallest man-made structure on Earth after Burj Khalifa (829.8 m). 2012 – SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2 launches a Dragon capsule on a Falcon 9 rocket in the first commercial flight to the International Space Station. 2014 – General Prayut Chan-o-cha becomes interim leader of Thailand in a military coup d'état, following six months of political turmoil. 2014 – An explosion occurs in Ürümqi, capital of China's far-western Xinjiang region, resulting in at least 43 deaths and 91 injuries. 2015 – The Republic of Ireland becomes the first nation in the world to legalize gay marriage in a public referendum. 2017 – Twenty-two people are killed at an Ariana Grande concert in the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. 2017 – United States President Donald Trump visits the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and becomes the first sitting U.S. president to visit the Western Wall. 2020 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303 crashes in Model Colony near Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 98 people. 2021 – Severe weather kills 21 runners in the 100 km (60-mile) ultramarathon in the Yellow River Stone Forest, Gansu province of China.

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