#i went to the html source of the website to save them and they were like this | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

continuations · 5 years

Text

World After Capital: Bots for All of Us (Informational Freedom)

NOTE: I have been posting excerpts from my book World After Capital. Currently we are on the Informational Freedom section and the previous excerpt was on Internet Access. Today looks at the right to be represented by a bot (code that works on your behalf).

Bots for All of Us

Once you have access to the Internet, you need software to connect to its many information sources and services. When Sir Tim Berners-Lee first invented the World Wide Web in 1989 to make information sharing on the Internet easier, he did something very important [95]. He specified an open protocol, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP, that anyone could use to make information available and to access such information. By specifying the protocol, Berners-Lee opened the way for anyone to build software, so-called web servers and browsers that would be compatible with this protocol. Many did, including, famously, Marc Andreessen with Netscape. Many of the web servers and browsers were available as open source and/or for free.

The combination of an open protocol and free software meant two things: Permissionless publishing and complete user control. If you wanted to add a page to the web, you didn't have to ask anyone's permission. You could just download a web server (e.g. the open source Apache), run it on a computer connected to the Internet, and add content in the HTML format. Voila, you had a website up and running that anyone from anywhere in the world could visit with a web browser running on his or her computer (at the time there were no smartphones yet). Not surprisingly, content available on the web proliferated rapidly. Want to post a picture of your cat? Upload it to your webserver. Want to write something about the latest progress on your research project? No need to convince an academic publisher of the merits. Just put up a web page.

People accessing the web benefited from their ability to completely control their own web browser. In fact, in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the web browser is referred to as a “user agent” that accesses the Web on behalf of the user. Want to see the raw HTML as delivered by the server? Right click on your screen and use “view source.” Want to see only text? Instruct your user agent to turn off all images. Want to fill out a web form but keep a copy of what you are submitting for yourself? Create a script to have your browser save all form submissions locally as well.

Over time, popular platforms on the web have interfered with some of the freedom and autonomy that early users of the web used to enjoy. I went on Facebook the other day to find a witty note I had written some time ago on a friend's wall. It turns out that Facebook makes finding your own wall posts quite difficult. You can't actually search all the wall posts you have written in one go; rather, you have to go friend by friend and scan manually backwards in time. Facebook has all the data, but for whatever reason, they've decided not to make it easily searchable. I'm not suggesting any misconduct on Facebook's part—that's just how they've set it up. The point, though, is that you experience Facebook the way Facebook wants you to experience it. You cannot really program Facebook differently for yourself. If you don't like how Facebook's algorithms prioritize your friends' posts in your newsfeed, then tough luck, there is nothing you can do.

Or is there? Imagine what would happen if everything you did on Facebook was mediated by a software program—a “bot”—that you controlled. You could instruct this bot to go through and automate for you the cumbersome steps that Facebook lays out for finding past wall posts. Even better, if you had been using this bot all along, the bot could have kept your own archive of wall posts in your own data store (e.g., a Dropbox folder); then you could simply instruct the bot to search your own archive. Now imagine we all used bots to interact with Facebook. If we didn't like how our newsfeed was prioritized, we could simply ask our friends to instruct their bots to send us status updates directly so that we can form our own feeds. With Facebook on the web this was entirely possible because of the open protocol, but it is no longer possible in a world of proprietary and closed apps on mobile phones.

Although this Facebook example might sound trivial, bots have profound implications for power in a networked world. Consider on-demand car services provided by companies such as Uber and Lyft. If you are a driver today for these services, you know that each of these services provides a separate app for you to use. And yes you could try to run both apps on one phone or even have two phones. But the closed nature of these apps means you cannot use the compute power of your phone to evaluate competing offers from the networks and optimize on your behalf. What would happen, though, if you had access to bots that could interact on your behalf with these networks? That would allow you to simultaneously participate in all of these marketplaces, and to automatically play one off against the other.

Using a bot, you could set your own criteria for which rides you want to accept. Those criteria could include whether a commission charged by a given network is below a certain threshold. The bot, then, would allow you to accept rides that maximize the net fare you receive. Ride sharing companies would no longer be able to charge excessive commissions, since new networks could easily arise to undercut those commissions. For instance, a network could arise that is cooperatively owned by drivers and that charges just enough commission to cover its costs. Likewise, as a passenger using a bot could allow you to simultaneously evaluate the prices between different car services and choose the service with the lowest price for your current trip. The mere possibility that a network like this could exist would substantially reduce the power of the existing networks.

We could also use bots as an alternative to anti-trust regulation to counter the overwhelming power of technology giants like Google or Facebook without foregoing the benefits of their large networks. These companies derive much of their revenue from advertising, and on mobile devices, consumers currently have no way of blocking the ads. But what if they did? What if users could change mobile apps to add Ad-Blocking functionality just as they can with web browsers?

Many people decry ad-blocking as an attack on journalism that dooms the independent web, but that's an overly pessimistic view. In the early days, the web was full of ad-free content published by individuals. In fact, individuals first populated the web with content long before institutions joined in. When they did, they brought with them their offline business models, including paid subscriptions and of course advertising. Along with the emergence of platforms such as Facebook and Twitter with strong network effects, this resulted in a centralization of the web. More and more content was produced either on a platform or moved behind a paywall.

Ad-blocking is an assertion of power by the end-user, and that is a good thing in all respects. Just as a judge recently found that taxi companies have no special right to see their business model protected, neither do ad-supported publishers [96]. And while in the short term this might prompt publishers to flee to apps, in the long run it will mean more growth for content that is paid for by end-users, for instance through a subscription, or even crowdfunded (possibly through a service such as Patreon).

To curtail the centralizing power of network effects more generally, we should shift power to the end-users by allowing them to have user agents for mobile apps, too. The reason users don't wield the same power on mobile is that native apps relegate end-users once again to interacting with services just using our eyes, ears, brain and fingers. No code can execute on our behalf, while the centralized providers use hundreds of thousands of servers and millions of lines of code. Like a web browser, a mobile user-agent could do things such as strip ads, keep copies of my responses to services, let me participate simultaneously in multiple services (and bridge those services for me), and so on. The way to help end-users is not to have government smash big tech companies, but rather for government to empower individuals to have code that executes on their behalf.

What would it take to make bots a reality? One approach would be to require companies like Uber, Google, and Facebook to expose all of their functionality, not just through standard human usable interfaces such as apps and web sites, but also through so-called Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). An API is for a bot what an app is for a human. The bot can use it to carry out operations, such as posting a status update on a user's behalf. In fact, companies such as Facebook and Twitter have APIs, but they tend to have limited capabilities. Also, companies presently have the right to control access so that they can shut down bots, even when a user has clearly authorized a bot to act on his or her behalf.

Why can't I simply write code today that interfaces on my behalf with say Facebook? After all, Facebook's own app uses an API to talk to their servers. Well in order to do so I would have to “hack” the existing Facebook app to figure out what the API calls are and also how to authenticate myself to those calls. Unfortunately, there are three separate laws on the books that make those necessary steps illegal.

The first is the anti-circumvention provision of the DMCA. The second is the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). The third is the legal construction that by clicking “I accept” on a EULA (End User License Agreement) or a set of Terms of Service I am actually legally bound. The last one is a civil matter, but criminal convictions under the first two carry mandatory prison sentences.

So if we were willing to remove all three of these legal obstacles, then hacking an app to give you programmatic access to systems would be possible. Now people might object to that saying those provisions were created in the first place to solve important problems. That's not entirely clear though. The anti circumvention provision of the DMCA was created specifically to allow the creation of DRM systems for copyright enforcement. So what you think of this depends on what you believe about the extent of copyright (a subject we will look at in the next section).

The CFAA too could be tightened up substantially without limiting its potential for prosecuting real fraud and abuse. The same goes for what kind of restriction on usage a company should be able to impose via a EULA or a TOS. In each case if I only take actions that are also available inside the company's app but just happen to take these actions programmatically (as opposed to manually) why should that constitute a violation?

But, don't companies need to protect their encryption keys? Aren't “bot nets” the culprits behind all those so-called DDOS (distributed denial of service) attacks? Yes, there are a lot of compromised machines in the world, including set top boxes and home routers that some are using for nefarious purposes. Yet that only demonstrates how ineffective the existing laws are at stopping illegal bots. Because those laws don't work, companies have already developed the technological infrastructure to deal with the traffic from bots.

How would we prevent people from adopting bots that turn out to be malicious code? Open source seems like the best answer here. Many people could inspect a piece of code to make sure it does what it claims. But that's not the only answer. Once people can legally be represented by bots, many markets currently dominated by large companies will face competition from smaller startups.

Legalizing representation by a bot would eat into the revenues of large companies, and we might worry that they would respond by slowing their investment in infrastructure. I highly doubt this would happen. Uber, for instance, was recently valued at $50 billion. The company's “takerate” (the percentage of the total amount paid for rides that they keep) is 20%. If competition forced that rate down to 5%, Uber's value would fall to $10 billion as a first approximation. That is still a huge number, leaving Uber with ample room to grow. As even this bit of cursory math suggests, capital would still be available for investment, and those investments would still be made.

That's not to say that no limitations should exist on bots. A bot representing me should have access to any functionality that I can access through a company's website or apps. It shouldn't be able to do something that I can't do, such as pretend to be another user or gain access to private posts by others. Companies can use technology to enforce such access limits for bots; there is no need to rely on regulation.

Even if I have convinced you of the merits of bots, you might still wonder how we might ever get there from here. The answer is that we can start very small. We could run an experiment with the right to be represented by a bot in a city like New York. New York's municipal authorities control how on demand transportation services operate. The city could say, “If you want to operate here, you have to let drivers interact with your service programmatically.” And I'm pretty sure, given how big a market New York City is, these services would agree.

#world after capital #informational freedom #bots #apis

2 notes · View notes

aislingsweb · 3 years

Text

Our second Web Authoring class

Our second Web Authoring class was about Client side web development. We were introduced to HTML. The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be shown in a web browser. The latest HTML is HTML5 and that’s what we will be learning. HTML is maintained and developed by The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). This class will teach us how to be Web Developers. We learned some of the very basic HTML language. We must save files as index.html. We must write the language in a text editor and Ruairi (our lecturer) recommended ‘Atom’ if we have macs. I downloaded Atom because it’s a free text editor and I have a mac.

I also went to my first Web Authoring Lab this week and it was really interesting. For the first hour Ruairi described HTML language in more detail while we took notes. He told us we could see any websites code by right clicking and then clicking ‘view page source.’ He went through the basic elements and then semantic elements too. Then we went on to Moodle and downloaded 3 worksheets to do so we could practice what we learned. I found them really easy and finished quick. I am looking forward to being able to create a functioning website by the end of this module.

0 notes

siva3155 · 4 years

Text

300+ TOP DRUPAL Interview Questions and Answers

Drupal Interview Questions for freshers experienced

1. What Is Drupal? Drupal (pronounced Dru-Pull) is an open source content management system offering a toolset that rivals those of most commercial alternatives. With integrated social media and e-commerce functionality, it provides unique value as part of your social media strategy. 2. How to create a folder and a module file in Drupal? Given that our choice of short name is "onthisdate", start the module by creating a folder in your Drupal installation at the path: sites/all/modules/onthisdate. You may need to create the sites/all/modules directory first. Create a PHP file and save it as onthisdate.module in the directory sites/all/modules/onthisdate. As of Drupal 6.x, sites/all/modules is the preferred place for non-core modules (and sites/all/themes for non-core themes), since this places all site-specific files in the sites directory. This allows you to more easily update the core files and modules without erasing your customizations. Alternatively, if you have a multi-site Drupal installation and this module is for only one specific site, you can put it in sites/your-site-folder/modules. The module is not operational yet: it hasn't been activated. We'll activate the module later in the tutorial. 3. How to name your module? The first step in creating a module is to choose a "short name" for it. This short name will be used in all file and function names in your module, so it must start with a letter and by Drupal convention it must contain only lower-case letters and underscores. For this example, we'll choose "onthisdate" as the short name. Important note: It is not just a convention that the short name is used for both the module's file name and as a function prefix. When you implement Drupal "hooks" (see later portions of tutorial), Drupal will only recognize your hook implementation functions if they have the same function name prefix as the name of the module file. It's also important to make sure your module does not have the same short name as any theme you will be using on the site. 4. Explain the menu system in Drupal? Define the navigation menus, and route page requests to code based on URLs. The Drupal menu system drives both the navigation system from a user perspective and the callback system that Drupal uses to respond to URLs passed from the browser. For this reason, a good understanding of the menu system is fundamental to the creation of complex modules. Drupal's menu system follows a simple hierarchy defined by paths. Implementations of hook_menu () define menu items and assign them to paths (which should be unique). The menu system aggregates these items and determines the menu hierarchy from the paths. For example, if the paths defined were a, a/b, e, a/b/c/d, f/g, and a/b/h, the menu system would form the structure: a a/b a/b/c/d a/b/h e f/g 5. How to interact with Drupal search system? There are three ways to interact with the search system: Specifically for searching nodes, you can implement nodeapi ('update index') and nodeapi ('search result'). However, note that the search system already indexes all visible output of a node, i.e. everything displayed normally by hook_view () and hook_nodeapi ('view'). This is usually sufficient. You should only use this mechanism if you want additional, non-visible data to be indexed. Implement hook_search (). This will create a search tab for your module on the /search page with a simple keyword search form. You may optionally implement hook_search_item () to customize the display of your results. Implement hook_update_index (). This allows your module to use Drupal's HTML indexing mechanism for searching full text efficiently. If your module needs to provide a more complicated search form, then you need to implement it yourself without hook_search (). In that case, you should define it as a local task (tab) under the /search page (e.g. /search/mymodule) so that users can easily find it. 6. How to Customize a Drupal Syndicate Feed Icon? For a recent project I needed to customize the feed icon in the Drupal theme I was creating. This wasn't as straight forward as I thought it would be. Being the drupal newbie that I am I went looking for it in the core templates and suggestions page only to come empty handed. Previously I found the solution to theming a search form by using the search-block-form.tpl.php template file and thought there would be one for the feed icon too. I found the solution to this in the function reference in the form of a theme hook. theme_feed_icon($url, $title) This function is internally called by drupal to generate the feed icon in the Syndicate block. Our Job is to override this function. 7. How to backup a Drupal site? Backing up your Drupal site is now very easy, you just need to download and install a module called Backup & Migrate. To install the module click on the Administer Modules check the Backup and Migrate module and enable it and save the settings. Then navigate to the Administer Content Management Backup and Migrate then do the following settings. Exclude the following tables altogether: select the table which you dont want to take backup. Give the backup file name. There are also options to compress the file before download, or add a datestamp. And then click Backup Database. Alternately you can take backups using PhpMyAdmin. 8. How to move a Drupal Site from One host/server to another on your NEW host? Upload your folder with the complete drupal installation to your home-directory. Once done, go to phpadmin on the new host, create a new mysql database, example "name_drpl1" and create a new mysql user. Create a password for this new mysql user, click "assign all privileges" to this user and assign the user to the new database. You now should have a new mysql database on the new host with a mysql user, eg. "name_drpl1" as database name and "name_username" as database user name. Import (upload) the database (which you exported from the old host earlier) with phpadmin to the new database. This might take a minute. If needed edit the file /sites/default/settings.php and edit at the section where you enter the database, location, username and password. You CAN enter the password either encrypted or not encrypted there. Chmod your "files" folder so it is writeable using your ftp client (filezilla), chmod to 777 Double check your .htaccess and /sites/default/settings.php and make changes in case they are needed. Change nameserves on your domain host and let them point to your new host's nameservers. Enter the new nameservers in your control panel where your domain names are hosted, overwriting the old ones. After some time (sometimes a day or two) your domain should point to the new host and drupal should be up and running on the new host. 9. How to move a Drupal Site from One host/server to another? Migrating Drupal On your OLD host: Backup your whole home directory from your ftp access using an ftp client like filezilla. Make a folder on your local harddisk and download the complete directory to that local folder. Backup your mysql database on your old host using phpadmin, select your mysql database, usually something like "name_drpl1". Select all fields, click "export" and save the database to your local harddisk. Leave default options enabled. You will receive a file similar to "name_drpl1.sql". This is your mysql database 10. How to install Drupal on a local WAMP server? Preparing your computer with a local installation of Drupal with WampServer is comparatively a trouble-free process to follow. Since WampServer will install an Apache-server, SQL, PHP and phpMySQL on your computer, with those tools you can install and run Drupal locally even without an internet connection.

DRUPAL Interview Questions 11. How to remove breadcrumbs from my Drupal pages? Breadcrumbs or breadcrumb trail is a navigation aid used in drupal interfaces. Normally it appears in between the top banner area and the page title. It gives users a way to keep track of their location within programs. Breadcrumbs are really useful in a comparatively bigger website with plenty of sections and subsections. But when it comes to smaller websites, it may found useless. In those cases you may either hide it using CSS (eg. .breadcrumb {display: none;}) or in the page.tpl.php file remove the line that says 12. How to add custom PHP codes in my Drupal pages or blocks? By default, drupal will not allow inserting PHP code directly inside a post or in a block. To do this, you need to activate a drupal module called PHP filter via, Administer Site building Modules. Even though this module ships with drupal, it remains disabled by default. 13. How can I create a custom region in my Drupal template? Adding a new region in your drupal template is not a hard thing, but its not as easy as adding a new block. It's basically a two-step process: define the custom region in your theme's .info file insert some PHP in your theme's page.tpl.php file wherever you would like the new region to appear 14. What does Views do and how do you use it? Views is a practical necessity for sites built on Drupal 6, and it's imperative that your developer understands how to take advantage of it. Earl Miles has written a great summary on the Views project page. 15. How can I add a new Block In Drupal? Adding a new block is a simple process in drupal 6. Go to Administer Blocks and click on the Add Block link (tab). Fill in the form with the necessary PHP/HTML code in the block body. And click the 'Save Block' button. 16. How can I customize my 404 - Page not found page? Create a new page with some extra information, so that your visitors don't ever plunge on to the default boring 404 - page not found error page. Once this page is created: Remember its node ID, Go to Administer > Site configuration > Error reporting Set Default 404 (not found) page to the node ID you just created Save your settings You can also use the Search 404 module as an alternative. 17. How to handle upgrades in Drupal? It's a fact of life that you'll have to upgrade your Drupal installation and contributed modules fairly frequently. Your candidate should mention: backing up the site, putting it into maintenance mode downloading the new version of the module uncompressing it running update.php testing the site aking the site out of maintenance mode Ideally, your candidate would also mention creating a development environment to minimize downtime. There is also a big difference between upgrading a module (process described above) and a Drupal minor version upgrade, which requires more careful patching. Drupal major version upgrades, which happen every couple years, are another can of worms entirely. 18. How do I show different Drupal themes on different pages? Yeah it's possible! You can apply different themes to different pages in your drupal site simply with the help of a cool module called 'Sections'. 19. How do I add images to Drupal? Image module allows users with proper permissions to upload images into Drupal. Thumbnails and additional sizes are created automatically. Images could be posted individually to the front page, included in stories or grouped in galleries. 20. How can I translate Drupal to my local language? The interface text (like the "Log in" button and the "Add new comment" text) is in English by default, but can be translated. For many languages, there are completed or partly completed translations available. (See the locale module on how to use them.) All languages need more translation contributions. Some have only incomplete versions of the text in core, so that parts of the interface will show up in English. Others may be complete but need corrections and improvements of the language. And no language has a complete set of translations for all contributed modules. 21. How do I remove the title 'Navigation' from the navigation block? To prevent the navigation block title or any other block title from appearing in the pages, just do the following. Navigate to Administer Site building Blocks and click the configure link next to the Navigation block. In the block configuration page, enter in the Block title filed. This will override the default title for the block and remove the title. 22. How do I get my site to have SEO-friendly URLs? The Pathauto module automatically generates URL/path aliases for various kinds of content (nodes, taxonomy terms, users) without requiring the user to manually specify the path alias. This allows you to have URL aliases like /category/my-node-title instead of /node/123. The aliases are based upon a "pattern" system that uses tokens which the administrator can change. 23. How can I enable clean URLs in Drupal? Drupal's default URL structure is like "http://www.sitename.com/?q=node/10″ This URL format can be hard to read, and can sometimes prevent search engines from indexing all your pages properly. In this case you can eliminate this "?q=" and clean the URLs through the following steps. Navigate to Administer Site configuration Clean URLs. By default, it will be disabled. Select enabled and click the save configuration button. You are done. You can make your URLs even more cleaner with the help of path module. Home Administer Site building Modules: enable the Path Module. 24. How can I change the favicon in my Drupal Site? Create your own favicon.ico file using any graphic tools or with the help of any online favicon generator tools like dnamicdrive. Navigate to admin site building themes and click the configure link next to your current theme. This will bring up the theme configuration page. Here you will see a section titled Shortcut icons settings. You can either upload your favicon file or specify the path to your customized icon file. The changes may not appear immediately in your browser, you need to clear your browser's cache and reload the page. If you have bookmarked your site, you may need to delete the bookmark and then recreate it again so that the new favicon will appear in the bookmarks menu. 25. Explain favicon in Drupal? A favicon (short for favorites icon), also known as a website icon or bookmark icon is a 1616 pixel square icon that appears near the address bar and in the bookmarks folder in a visitor's browser. By default, a drupal site shows that water drop kinda drupal logo as favicon. 26. How can I reset my Drupal admin password? Login to cPanel -> Databases box -> phpMyAdmin; Select the Druapl database folder from the left navigation bar. The page will refresh and and the Drupal database's tables will be displayed on it. Click on the SQL tab. In the text field write the following SQL query: update users set pass=md5('NEWPASS') where uid = 1; where "NEWPASS" is your new Drupal administrative password. Click the GO button to submit the query. If the query is executed correctly and no errors are displayed then you should be able to login with the new password. 27. How to install a new module in Drupal? After finding and downloading a module, the next step would be to copy it the modules folder. Most people copy the file to the default modules folder here http://sitename.com/drupal/modules this is where all the modules that ship with Drupal are stored so it seems somewhat logical to do this. But this folder is actually meant to store only Drupal's default modules. Instead you should go to http://sitename.com/drupal/sites/all folder, there you will see a readme.txt file. This file will clearly tell you the trick. You just need to create a new folder named modules here. Now copy the modules folder here. That's all, you have successfully installed the module. Next step would be to enable the module through the Admin interface. To do this navigate to Administer Site Building Modules. Here you will see a list off all installed modules, and our newly installed module will also be listed here. You just have to check the enable check box against the new module and then click the Save Configuration button. That's all. 28. How can I install a new theme in Drupal? This is another common question among Drupal newbies all time. After trying out all available themes under Drupals theme directory, we may naturally want to try new themes. Installing a new theme is very simple and straightforward. Follow the steps below. Download a new theme package. Note that themes for different Drupal versions are not compatible, version 5.x themes do not work with Drupal 6.x and reverse. Read any README or INSTALL files in the package to find out if there are any special steps needed for this theme. Upload the contents of the theme package to a new directory in the themes directory in your Drupal site. In Drupal 5.x & 6.x, you place your themes in /sites/all/themes/yourThemeName Click administer themes and enable the new theme (Drupal will auto-detect its presence). Edit your user preferences and select the new theme. If you want it to be the default theme for all users, check the default box in the themes administration page. 29. How to make my Drupal site offline to public, while it is under construction? You can set your Drupal site in off-line mode, while it is being developed. Just click Administer Site maintenance. There you can set the status to off-line. If you wants, you can also set your own custom off-line message. When set to Off-line, only users with the administer site configuration permission will be able to access your site to perform maintenance; all other visitors will see the site off-line message configured there. Authorized users can log in during Off-line mode directly via the user login page. 30. How does caching work in Drupal? One of the common (mostly unfounded) complaints about Drupal has been, "Drupal is slow." You want to hire a developer who understands Drupal's built in caching system, and what its limitations are. For example, Drupal 6's block cache will not appreciably speed up the page if the user is logged in. Ask your candidate to recommend some additional solutions to speed up Drupal's caching. These could include the Boost module, Varnish, Squid, Memcache or Pressflow. Ask if they've ever run into issues with Drupal's cache. 31. Can you please explain the difference between Core and Contrib in Drupal? The standard release of Drupal, known as Drupal core, contains basic features common to content management systems. These include user account registration and maintenance, menu management, RSS-feeds, page layout customization, and system administration. The Drupal core installation can be used as a brochureware website, a single- or multi-user blog, an Internet forum, or a community website providing for user-generated content. As of August 2011 there are more than 11,000 free community-contributed addons, known as contrib modules, available to alter and extend Drupal's core capabilities and add new features or customize Drupal's behavior and appearance. Because of this plug-in extensibility and modular design, Drupal is sometimes described as a content management framework. Drupal is also described as a web application framework, as it meets the generally accepted feature requirements for such frameworks. 32. What are System requirements for Drupal? A minimum base installation requires at least 3MB of disk space but you should assume that your actual disk space will be somewhat higher. For example, if you install many contributed modules and contributed themes, the actual disk space for your installation could easily be 40 MB or more (exclusive of database content, media, backups and other files). 33. Why ca not A Drupal user edit a node they created? Symptoms: An authorized Drupal user loses "edit" access to nodes they've created, even if they have appropriate node (or other module) access permissions. Or, user cannot edit a node that should be editable by them, based on access control or node access settings. No errors or warnings are presented to the user. Nothing in the Drupal watchdog log. Possible Cause: The user does not have permission to use the input filter currently assigned to the node. (An administrator or other privileged user may have changed the input filter settings, or, input filter permissions may have been changed to exclude the node author since the node was created. As a result, the user never had, or no longer has permission to use the input filter associated with the node.) 34. How Does Drupal Compare to Ruby on Rails? Another common alternative platform to Drupal is Ruby on Rails. We really don't have much to say about Ruby except that it is a framework moreso than a platform. There are some characteristically challenging web development tasks that are quite easy to do with Ruby, and there are others which are infinitely more complicated than they should be. One big difference is the fact that Ruby lacks the refined data object model found in Drupal that ensures interoperability between various aspects of the system, such as adding new modules to modify the operations of others. Whereas Drupal offers a self-generating database schema for many modules and underlying components of the platform, Ruby on Rails emphasizes a design philosophy holding that simplification of code conventions leads to better outcomes. While this all sounds good in principle, we have found there are certain tasks that make adherance to this philosophy an ideal moreso than a practical goal and breaking free from these conventions when necessary a daunting task (especially when integrating with external systems). 35. How Does Drupal Compare to Other Open Source CMS Systems? Drupal is also often compared with other open source content management systems including Joomla, Plone, Scoop, Silverstripe, Typo3, Graffitti, Moveable Type and Wordpress. There are characteristic features to all of these systems that make them appropriate in certain contexts, and most of them compare favorably to Drupal in one category of operation or another. Few of them, however, are capable of offering the balance between performance and functionality found in Drupal. 36. How Does Drupal Compare to Commercial CMS Systems? Drupal is often compared to a number of commercial content management systems including Crown Peak, Expression Engine, Clickability and Site Life in terms of capabilities. None of these systems offer the range of features that can be found in Drupal or the flexible, developer-friendly architecture that allows us to rapidly deploy dynamic web sites. In terms of sustainability, these platforms charactertistically lack the innovative approach to development embraced by the Drupal community, with updates and new features continually being added to the platform. These systems typically do surpass Drupal in terms of out-of-the-box reporting and metrics tools, generally providing views of data that is also stored in other systems. For instance, detailed page tracking information can just as easily be pulled from a CDN and integrated into a Drupal site for much less than the costs of per-seat licenses from a commercial vendor over a 1 month period. 37. What Kind of Support Is Available? A wide range of support services are available for organizations running Drupal sites. The Drupal community itself is an excellent resource for people looking to learn more about the platform or resolve specific issues that emerge using the system. Acquia offers an enterprise distribution of Drupal that includes uptime monitoring, email and telephone based troubleshooting support, and subscription plans for sites with varying performance requirements. For hosting, Our works with a variety of partners to deliver solutions to ensure sites are operational and can scale to meet changing traffic expectations. Rackspace is Our preferred hosting partner, and their 100% uptime guarantee allows us to focus on building great web sites without worrying about the network. Workhabit and Amazon S3 offer cloud hosting solutions that allow us to build sites that automatically scale to handle large peaks of traffic, and to provision new servers dynamically based on actual traffic conditions on any given day. 38. How Does Drupal Scale? Trellon has built Drupal sites and deployed them in very demanding scenarios, serving millions of page views a day. Drupal scalability and performance optimization is one of our core competencies, and we often work with existing web properties to find ways to improve their performance. Contact us to discuss your specific needs. 39. What Does Drupal Do? Drupal is the choice for many great web sites because it does a lot of different things very well, and allows different kinds of information to interact effectively through its flexible, open architecture. Compared with commercial or custom solutions, Drupal's feature set is far more economic and practical for most organizations. 40. Explain coding standards in Drupal? As per the Coding standards, omit the closing ?> tag. Including the closing tag may cause strange runtime issues on certain server setups. (Note that the examples in the handbook will show the closing tag for formatting reasons only and you should not include it in your real code.) All functions in your module that will be used by Drupal are named {modulename}_{hook}, where "hook" is a pre-defined function name suffix. Drupal will call these functions to get specific data, so having these well-defined names means Drupal knows where to look. We will come to hooks in a while. 41. What is CMS? A content management system (CMS) is a collection of procedures used to manage work flow in a collaborative environment. These procedures can be manual or computer-based. The procedures are designed to: Allow for a large number of people to contribute to and share stored data Control access to data, based on user roles. User roles define what information each user can view or edit Aid in easy storage and retrieval of data Reduce repetitive duplicate input * Improve the ease of report writing Improve communication between users In a CMS, data can be defined as almost anything – documents, movies, pictures, phone numbers, scientific data, etc. CMSs are frequently used for storing, controlling, revising, semantically enriching, and publishing documentation. Content that is controlled is industry-specific. For example, entertainment content differs from the design documents for a fighter jet. There are various terms for systems (related processes) that do this. Examples are web content management, digital asset management, digital records management and electronic content management. Synchronization of intermediate steps, and collation into a final product are common goals of each. cms,drupal,drupal cms,interview questions,technical,joomla,joomla cms,drupal interview question,content management system 42. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. 43. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. 44. Integrity of The Author’s Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of “patch files” with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. 45. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. 46. What are GNU Licenses ? Does free software mean using the GPL? Not at all—there are many other free software licenses. We have an incomplete list. Any license that provides the user certain specific freedoms is a free software license. 47. Why are so many Drupal versions available – 4.x, 5.x …? Which one should I use? It is recommended that you run the most current stable release. This can always be found at the Drupal Project page. However, if there are no compelling features in the latest version, a contrib module that is important to you isn’t ready or you don’t have time, there is no need to rush your upgrade as long as security updates are available for the version you are running. 48. Can I use Drupal on the command line? Yes, you can use drush – drush is a command line shell and Unix scripting interface for Drupal 49. What are hooks in Drupal ? Allow modules to interact with the Drupal core. Drupal’s module system is based on the concept of “hooks”. A hook is a PHP function that is named foo_bar(), where “foo” is the name of the module (whose filename is thus foo.module) and “bar” is the name of the hook. Each hook has a defined set of parameters and a specified result type. To extend Drupal, a module need simply implement a hook. When Drupal wishes to allow intervention from modules, it determines which modules implement a hook and calls that hook in all enabled modules that implement it. 50. what is Database abstraction layer in Drupal ? Allow the use of different database servers using the same code base. Drupal provides a slim database abstraction layer to provide developers with the ability to support multiple database servers easily. The intent of this layer is to preserve the syntax and power of SQL as much as possible, while letting Drupal control the pieces of queries that need to be written differently for different servers and provide basic security checks. Most Drupal database queries are performed by a call to db_query() or db_query_range(). Module authors should also consider using pager_query() for queries that return results that need to be presented on multiple pages, and tablesort_sql() for generating appropriate queries for sortable tables. 51. Explain the menu system in Drupal ? Purpose of menus ? Define the navigation menus, and route page requests to code based on URLs. The Drupal menu system drives both the navigation system from a user perspective and the callback system that Drupal uses to respond to URLs passed from the browser. For this reason, a good understanding of the menu system is fundamental to the creation of complex modules. Drupal’s menu system follows a simple hierarchy defined by paths. Implementations of hook_menu() define menu items and assign them to paths (which should be unique). The menu system aggregates these items and determines the menu hierarchy from the paths. For example, if the paths defined were a, a/b, e, a/b/c/d, f/g, and a/b/h, the menu system would form the structure: a a/b a/b/c/d a/b/h e f/g Note that the number of elements in the path does not necessarily determine the depth of the menu item in the tree. When responding to a page request, the menu system looks to see if the path requested by the browser is registered as a menu item with a callback. If not, the system searches up the menu tree for the most complete match with a callback it can find. If the path a/b/i is requested in the tree above, the callback for a/b would be used. The found callback function is called with any arguments specified in the “page arguments” attribute of its menu item. The attribute must be an array. After these arguments, any remaining components of the path are appended as further arguments. In this way, the callback for a/b above could respond to a request for a/b/i differently than a request for a/b/j. For an illustration of this process, see page_example.module. Access to the callback functions is also protected by the menu system. The “access callback” with an optional “access arguments” of each menu item is called before the page callback proceeds. If this returns TRUE, then access is granted; if FALSE, then access is denied. Menu items may omit this attribute to use the value provided by an ancestor item. In the default Drupal interface, you will notice many links rendered as tabs. These are known in the menu system as “local tasks”, and they are rendered as tabs by default, though other presentations are possible. Local tasks function just as other menu items in most respects. It is convention that the names of these tasks should be short verbs if possible. In addition, a “default” local task should be provided for each set. When visiting a local task’s parent menu item, the default local task will be rendered as if it is selected; this provides for a normal tab user experience. This default task is special in that it links not to its provided path, but to its parent item’s path instead. The default task’s path is only used to place it appropriately in the menu hierarchy. Everything described so far is stored in the menu_router table. The menu_links table holds the visible menu links. By default these are derived from the same hook_menu definitions, however you are free to add more with menu_link_save(). 52. How to interact with Drupal search system ? There are three ways to interact with the search system: Specifically for searching nodes, you can implement nodeapi(‘update index’) and nodeapi(‘search result’). However, note that the search system already indexes all visible output of a node, i.e. everything displayed normally by hook_view() and hook_nodeapi(‘view’). This is usually sufficient. You should only use this mechanism if you want additional, non-visible data to be indexed. Implement hook_search(). This will create a search tab for your module on the /search page with a simple keyword search form. You may optionally implement hook_search_item() to customize the display of your results. Implement hook_update_index(). This allows your module to use Drupal’s HTML indexing mechanism for searching full text efficiently. If your module needs to provide a more complicated search form, then you need to implement it yourself without hook_search(). In that case, you should define it as a local task (tab) under the /search page (e.g. /search/mymodule) so that users can easily find it. 53. What is a Module in drupal ? A module is software (code) that extends Drupal features and/or functionality. Core modules are those included with the main download of Drupal, and you can turn on their functionality without installing additional software. Contributed modules are downloaded from the Modules download section of drupal.org, and installed within your Drupal installation. You can also create your own modules; this requires a thorough understanding of Drupal, PHP programming, and Drupal’s module API. 54. Explain User, Permission, Role in drupal. Every visitor to your site, whether they have an account and log in or visit the site anonymously, is considered a user to Drupal. Each user has a numeric user ID, and non-anonymous users also have a user name and an email address. Other information can also be associated with users by modules; for instance, if you use the core Profile module, you can define user profile fields to be associated with each user. Anonymous users have a user ID of zero (0). The user with user ID one (1), which is the user account you create when you install Drupal, is special: that user has permission to do absolutely eveything on the site. Other users on your site can be assigned permissions via roles. To do this, you first need to create a role, which you might call “Content editor” or “Member”. Next, you will assign permissions to that role, to tell Drupal what that role can and can’t do on the site. Finally, you will grant certain users on your site your new role, which will mean that when those users are logged in, Drupal will let them do the actions you gave that role permission to do. You can also assign permissions for the special built-in roles of “anonymous user” (a user who is not logged in) and “authenticated user” (a user who is logged in, with no special role assignments). Drupal permissions are quite flexible — you are allowed to assign permission for any task to any role, depending on the needs of your site. 55. Explain the concept of node in drupal. A node in Drupal is the generic term for a piece of content on your web site. (Note that the choice of the word “node” is not meant in the mathematical sense as part of a network.) Some examples of nodes: Pages in books Discussion topics in forums Entries in blogs News article stories Each node on your site has a Content Type. It also has a Node ID, a Title, a creation date, an author (a user on the site), a Body (which may be ignored/omitted for some content types), and some other properties. By using modules such as the contributed Content Construction Kit (CCK) module, the core Taxonomy module, and the contributed Location module, you can add fields and other properties to your nodes. 56. Concept of Comment in Drupal . Comments are another type of content you can have on your site (if you have enabled the core Comment module). Each comment is a typically small piece of content that a user submits, attached to a particular node. For example, each piece of discussion attached to a particular forum topic node is a comment. 57 explain Taxonomy in drupal . Drupal has a system for classifying content, which is known as taxonomy and implemented in the core Taxonomy module. You can define your own vocabularies (groups of taxonomy terms), and add terms to each vocabulary. Vocabularies can be flat or hierarchical, can allow single or multiple selection, and can also be “free tagging” (meaning that when creating or editing content, you can add new terms on the fly). Each vocabulary can then be attached to one or more content types, and in this way, nodes on your site can be grouped into categories, tagged, or classified in any way you choose. 58 . How database system of drupal works ? Drupal stores information in a database; each type of information has its own database table. For instance, the basic information about the nodes of your site are stored in the Node table, and if you use the CCK module to add fields to your nodes, the field information is stored in separate tables. Comments and Users also have their own database tables, and roles, permissions, and other settings are also stored in database tables. 59. Explain the path system of drupal ? When you visit a URL within your Drupal site, the part of the URL after your base site address is known as the path. When you visit a path in your Drupal site, Drupal figures out what information should be sent to your browser, via one or more database queries. Generally, Drupal allows each module you have enabled on your site to define paths that the module will be responsible for, and when you choose to visit a particular path, Drupal asks the module what should be displayed on the page. For instance, this site (drupal.org) is (of course) built with Drupal. The page you are now viewing is http://drupal.org/node/19828, whose path is “node/19828?. The module that is responsible for this path is the core Node module, so when you visit this page, Drupal lets the Node module determine what to display. To determine the path to a particular page on your site, for purposes of creating a link, go to the page you want to link to and look at the URL in the address bar. By default the URL, after the base address of your site, will begin with ‘?q=’. When ‘Clean URLs’ are enabled you will see a directory structure in the URL. The “path” for use in a menu item is the part of the URL after the site’s base address and without the “?q=”. 60. Explain Region, Block, Menu in drupal .. Pages on your Drupal site are laid out in regions, which can include the header, footer, sidebars, and main content section; your theme may define additional regions. Blocks are discrete chunks of information that are displayed in the regions of your site’s pages. Blocks can take the form of menus (which are concerned with site navigation), the output from modules (e.g., hot forum topics), or dynamic and static chunks of information that you’ve created yourself (e.g., a list of upcoming events). There are three standard menus in Drupal: Primary Links, Secondary Links, and Navigation. Primary and Secondary links are built by site administrators, and displayed automatically in the page header of many themes (if not, you can enable their blocks to display them). Navigation is the catch-all menu that contains your administration menus, as well as links supplied by modules on your site. You can also create your own custom menus, and display them by enabling their blocks. You can customise menus in several ways, such as reordering menu items by setting their “weight” or simply dragging into place, renaming menu items, and changing the link title (the tooltip that appears when you mouse over a menu item). You can move a menu item into a different menu by editing the Parent property of the menu item. You can also add custom menu items to a menu, from the Add menu item tab of the Menu administration screen. To create a menu item, you will need to provide the path to the content (see above). In all cases a menu item will only be shown to a visitor if they have the rights to view the page it links to; e.g., the admin menu item is not shown to visitors who are not logged in. 101. What hardware does Drupal.org run on? 100. Drupal and Working with JavaScript 99. Why does Drupal need a database? What database… 98. How to create a static archive of a Drupal web… 97. Programming best practices and CMS(drupal) bes… 96. what are Drupal Distributions and Drupal inst… 95. Drupal coding standards 94. Drupal 8 classes and interfaces 93. Explain drupal advanced search 92. Drupal 8 , Changelog.txt – What’s new in Drupa… 91. Drupal Negatives and explanation on Usability,… 90. Explain Drupal Architecture 89. Drupal Version release dates 88. Drupal at a glance 87. Why you shouldn’t modify core drupal files ? 86. Explain hardcoding in drupal ? 85. Explain Theming in Drupal 8 ? 84. Steps for launching a drupal site ? 83. Explain drupal administration 82. How to configure .htaccess to ignore specific … 81. What are the steps for migrating drupal websit… 80. How to install and configure drupal 8 ? 79. How to Install Drupal ? 78. What are alpha, beta releases and release cand… 77. What do version numbers in drupal mean? 76. Explain Backward Compatibility in Drupal ? 75. Explain Security features of Drupal ? 74. What are Entity types in drupal ? 73. What is Bootstrap in drupal ? 72. What is drupal weight ? 71. What is triage ? 70. What is drupal trigger ? 69. What is theme and theme engine in drupal ? 68. What is teaser in drupal ? 67. What is render array in drupal ? 66. What is drupal region ? 65. What is permission in drupal ? 64. What is Git in drupal ? 63. What is DrupalCon and Druplicon ? 62. What is cron in drupal ? 61. What is critical path ? DRUPAL Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

0 notes

my-webworld-blog · 5 years

Text

The Leading E-commerce Platforms

We took a thoughtful road to get the new website up and running. We dissected our analytics on page landings, time on page. Easy of client use, information that was 'fluff' and re-wrote the real site map. We went from an 11 step procedure to buy to a 3 step process, saving our customers 8 minutes to register and checkout. Not that, it was much less confusing from an administrative viewpoint.

So there would be fewer mistakes in the future. By doing the new website, we were also able to add widgets to get the word out about the site. Link with our blogs, and develop blogs that would help enhance our newsletters - making it once again, more friendly.

We had the different fortune of starting in the Computer organization only as the market was beginning. We had an Intel community system 101. Digimedics evolved to be the comprehensive supplier of Medical facility Pharmacy Info Systems in the U.S over 220 hospital clients.

E-commerce Platforms

We then moved above to a more robust e-commerce platform. Speed was no longer a concern, functions were abundant, and we looked ready to go. Ahh but wait! All was not well. The search role within site was ill-equipped to locate our extensive product count. Aggravation set in once again as this was our 3rd system. Another quote I like is from Thomas Edison. Thomas Edison stopped working 9,999 times to develop the light bulb. Envision if he had quit after the 9,999 the time. A reporter asked him: "How does it feel to have failed 9,999 times." Edison said, "I have not stopped working; I have had excellent success, discovering 9,999 ways that do not work." Thank you, Mr. Edison, for teaching us the significance of determination and also allowing us to recognize that we were only on trial number 3.

I caught the Web shift and signed up with Eagle River Interactive as Director of Sales in the Western U.S. in 1995. Eagle River was among the very first Web Development stores establishing websites for Apple and Disney.

youtube

So, too, with Pinterest. By being visual, Pinterest forces us to become proficient in visual messaging. Each image pinned needs to tell the entire story without any text. We can attract, encourage, implore folks to come and click the photo. You need to go to the source (our shop) in the remarks section. But it is the image itself that is the hook.

E-commerce Website

We need to have discussed this earlier most likely. But if you do not currently have one, you must register a domain name. It should include your company name. Or it needs to relate to the product/services you are supplying. It ought to also be easy to bear in mind so that your consumers can remember it and type it and reach your site. Some best review domain with primary keywords will even work in SEO.

You depend upon where you're at with your website. You might consider purchasing a pre-formatted e-commerce platform. HTML design template or style and building from there. A great deal of them come with some essential integration points; all the difficult work has found out for you currently. So, when you're employer appears around noon. Also notices that you're too tanned and well-rested, let him know you broke that cart out and then went skiing. Oh, and that you're going to must a raise. You know, for all the 'effort' you put in over the weekend?

#ecommerce #business #review #online #website

0 notes

zarafoodrecipe · 5 years

Text

Fire guts Paris' Notre Dame but structure saved from destruction

There was still a risk that some of the interior structures could collapse, and firefighters would work overnight to cool them down, he said. Distraught Parisians and stunned tourists gazed in disbelief as the inferno raged at the cathedral, which sits on the Ile de la Cite, an island in the River Seine and marks the very centre of Paris.

People watch Notre Dame cathedral burning in Paris. Credit:AP Thousands of onlookers lined bridges over Seine and along its embankments, held at a distance by a police cordon. "Notre-Dame is our history, our literature, part of our psyche, the place of all our great events, our epidemics, our wars, our liberations, the epicentre of our lives," President Emmanuel Macron told reporters in front of the still burning Paris landmark. "Let's be proud, because we built this cathedral more than 800 years ago, we've built it and, throughout the centuries, let it grow and improved it. So I solemnly say tonight: we will rebuild it together," he said, announcing the launch of an fundraising campaign. A huge plume of smoke wafted across the city and ash fell over a large area. People watching gasped as the spire folded over onto itself and fell into the inferno.

A firefighter tackles the blaze as flames and smoke rise from Notre Dame cathedral as it burns in Paris.Credit:AP Firefighters battled smoke and falling drops of molten lead to salvage priceless artworks and relics. A centuries-old crown of thorns made from reeds and gold and the tunic worn by Saint Louis, a 13th century king of France, were saved, Notre Dame's top administrative cleric, Monsignor Patrick Chauvet, said. But firefighters had struggled to take down some of the large paintings in time, he said. Loading The Paris prosecutor's office said it had launched an inquiry into the fire. Several police sources said that they were working on the assumption for now that it was accidental. "Everything is collapsing," a police officer near the scene said as the cathedral continued to burn. Macron, who cancelled an address to the nation that he had been due to give on Monday evening, went to the scene of the blaze and talked to officials trying to contain it. The French Civil Security service, possibly responding to US President Donald Trump's suggestion that firefighters "act quickly" and employ flying water tankers, said that was not an option as it might destroy the entire building. German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the cathedral a "symbol of France and our European culture". British Prime Minister Theresa May said her thoughts were with the French people and emergency services fighting the "terrible blaze". The Vatican said: "The Holy See has seen with shock and sadness the news of the terrible fire that has devastated the Cathedral of Notre Dame, symbol of Christianity in France and in the world." The statement says the Vatican is praying for firefighters "and those who are doing everything possible to confront this dramatic situation" on Monday. The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said at the scene that some of many artworks that were in the cathedral had been taken out and were being put in safe storage. The cathedral, which dates back to the 12th century, features in Victor Hugo's classic novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site that attracts millions of tourists every year.

Flames and smoke rise from Notre Dame cathedral as it burns in Paris.Credit:AP It is a focal point for French Roman Catholics who like Christians around the world are celebrating Holy Week, marking the death and resurrection of Jesus. The archbishop of Paris called on all priests in Paris to ring church bells as a gesture of solidarity for Notre Dame. "I have a lot of friends who live abroad and every time they come I tell them to go to Notre Dame," said witness Samantha Silva, with tears in her eyes. "I've visited it so many times, but it will never be the same. It's a real symbol of Paris." Cardinal Timothy Dolan, the archbishop of New York, said he was praying "to ask the intercession of Notre Dame, our Lady, for the Cathedral at the heart of Paris, and of civilisation, now in flames! God preserve this splendid house of prayer, and protect those battling the blaze". Prime Minister Scott Morrison expressed concern for the fire and predicted it would be rebuilt.

Firefighters use hoses as Notre Dame cathedral burns in Paris.Credit:AP Eyewitnesses watched in shock as the blaze consumed the cathedral. "Basically the whole rooftop is gone. I see no hope for the building," said Jacek Poltorak, who was watching the fire from a fifth-floor balcony two blocks from the southern facade of the cathedral. Donia Hammami, a trade expert in Paris, ran to the scene from her gym nearby when she saw the reports. She was in tears in the crowd, watching the cathedral burn. "For me, this has been an inspiration for so many other churches in Europe from the 14th century onward, in the way it came up with ... a way to mirror more light," Hammami said. "It's been here for all those ages. This is a historic moment for all of us in the worst possible sense of the term." Australia's ambassador to France, Brendan Berne, tweeted: "Our hearts go out to our French friends in the face of this terrible tragedy. Notre Dame belongs to all who love France - we are with you." The fire alarm had gone off around 6.30pm local time, according to Andr Finot, a spokesman for the cathedral. It was not immediately clear what had caused the fire. France 2 television reported that police were treating the incident as an accident.

One of France's most treasured buildings, Notre Dame, was on fire on Monday afternoon, local time.Credit:AP Firefighters cleared the area around the cathedral and nearby buildings were evacuated as firefighters tried to contain the blaze from the ground as well as from cranes. The Gothic cathedral is famed for its many carved stone gargoyles, stunning stained glass windows and the flying buttresses that hold up its wall. "There are a lot of art works inside ... it's a real tragedy," Paris' mayor Hidalgo told reporters at the scene. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said she was deeply saddened by the events in Paris. "Our thoughts are with our French friends."

Notre Dame cathedral burning in Paris.Credit:AP Former Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull tweeted that Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Opposition Leader Bill Shorten should create a fund to help restore the iconic cathedral. A centre of Roman Catholic faith, over the centuries Notre Dame has also been a target of political upheaval. It was ransacked by rioting Protestant Huguenots in the 16th century, pillaged again during the French Revolution of the 1790s and left in a state of semi-neglect. Hugos 1831 work led to revived interest in the cathedral and a major partly botched restoration that began in 1844. The wood-and-lead spire was built during that restoration, according to the cathedral's website. UNESCO said in a tweet it was "closely monitoring the situation and is standing by France's side to safeguard and restore this invaluable heritage". Reuters, AAP with agencies Most Viewed in World Loading https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/historic-notre-dame-cathedral-in-paris-catches-fire-20190416-p51eh7.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed

0 notes

wickedbananas · 6 years

Text

The Minimum Viable Knowledge You Need to Work with JavaScript & SEO Today

Posted by sergeystefoglo

If your work involves SEO at some level, you’ve most likely been hearing more and more about JavaScript and the implications it has on crawling and indexing. Frankly, Googlebot struggles with it, and many websites utilize modern-day JavaScript to load in crucial content today. Because of this, we need to be equipped to discuss this topic when it comes up in order to be effective.

The goal of this post is to equip you with the minimum viable knowledge required to do so. This post won’t go into the nitty gritty details, describe the history, or give you extreme detail on specifics. There are a lot of incredible write-ups that already do this — I suggest giving them a read if you are interested in diving deeper (I’ll link out to my favorites at the bottom).

In order to be effective consultants when it comes to the topic of JavaScript and SEO, we need to be able to answer three questions:

Does the domain/page in question rely on client-side JavaScript to load/change on-page content or links?

If yes, is Googlebot seeing the content that’s loaded in via JavaScript properly?

If not, what is the ideal solution?

With some quick searching, I was able to find three examples of landing pages that utilize JavaScript to load in crucial content.

Sitecore’s Symposium page

Hulu’s landing page for “The Path”

L'Oréal’s homepage

I’m going to be using Sitecore’s Symposium landing page through each of these talking points to illustrate how to answer the questions above.

We’ll cover the “how do I do this” aspect first, and at the end I’ll expand on a few core concepts and link to further resources.

Question 1: Does the domain in question rely on client-side JavaScript to load/change on-page content or links?

The first step to diagnosing any issues involving JavaScript is to check if the domain uses it to load in crucial content that could impact SEO (on-page content or links). Ideally this will happen anytime you get a new client (during the initial technical audit), or whenever your client redesigns/launches new features of the site.

How do we go about doing this?

Ask the client

Ask, and you shall receive! Seriously though, one of the quickest/easiest things you can do as a consultant is contact your POC (or developers on the account) and ask them. After all, these are the people who work on the website day-in and day-out!

“Hi [client], we’re currently doing a technical sweep on the site. One thing we check is if any crucial content (links, on-page content) gets loaded in via JavaScript. We will do some manual testing, but an easy way to confirm this is to ask! Could you (or the team) answer the following, please? 1. Are we using client-side JavaScript to load in important content? 2. If yes, can we get a bulleted list of where/what content is loaded in via JavaScript?”

Check manually

Even on a large e-commerce website with millions of pages, there are usually only a handful of important page templates. In my experience, it should only take an hour max to check manually. I use the Chrome Web Developers plugin, disable JavaScript from there, and manually check the important templates of the site (homepage, category page, product page, blog post, etc.)

In the example above, once we turn off JavaScript and reload the page, we can see that we are looking at a blank page.

As you make progress, jot down notes about content that isn’t being loaded in, is being loaded in wrong, or any internal linking that isn’t working properly.

At the end of this step we should know if the domain in question relies on JavaScript to load/change on-page content or links. If the answer is yes, we should also know where this happens (homepage, category pages, specific modules, etc.)

Crawl

You could also crawl the site (with a tool like Screaming Frog or Sitebulb) with JavaScript rendering turned off, and then run the same crawl with JavaScript turned on, and compare the differences with internal links and on-page elements.

For example, it could be that when you crawl the site with JavaScript rendering turned off, the title tags don’t appear. In my mind this would trigger an action to crawl the site with JavaScript rendering turned on to see if the title tags do appear (as well as checking manually).

Example

For our example, I went ahead and did a manual check. As we can see from the screenshot below, when we disable JavaScript, the content does not load.

In other words, the answer to our first question for this pages is “yes, JavaScript is being used to load in crucial parts of the site.”

Question 2: If yes, is Googlebot seeing the content that’s loaded in via JavaScript properly?

If your client is relying on JavaScript on certain parts of their website (in our example they are), it is our job to try and replicate how Google is actually seeing the page(s). We want to answer the question, “Is Google seeing the page/site the way we want it to?”

In order to get a more accurate depiction of what Googlebot is seeing, we need to attempt to mimic how it crawls the page.

How do we do that?

Use Google’s new mobile-friendly testing tool

At the moment, the quickest and most accurate way to try and replicate what Googlebot is seeing on a site is by using Google’s new mobile friendliness tool. My colleague Dom recently wrote an in-depth post comparing Search Console Fetch and Render, Googlebot, and the mobile friendliness tool. His findings were that most of the time, Googlebot and the mobile friendliness tool resulted in the same output.

In Google’s mobile friendliness tool, simply input your URL, hit “run test,” and then once the test is complete, click on “source code” on the right side of the window. You can take that code and search for any on-page content (title tags, canonicals, etc.) or links. If they appear here, Google is most likely seeing the content.

Search for visible content in Google

It’s always good to sense-check. Another quick way to check if GoogleBot has indexed content on your page is by simply selecting visible text on your page, and doing a site:search for it in Google with quotations around said text.

In our example there is visible text on the page that reads…

"Whether you are in marketing, business development, or IT, you feel a sense of urgency. Or maybe opportunity?"

When we do a site:search for this exact phrase, for this exact page, we get nothing. This means Google hasn’t indexed the content.

Crawling with a tool

Most crawling tools have the functionality to crawl JavaScript now. For example, in Screaming Frog you can head to configuration > spider > rendering > then select “JavaScript” from the dropdown and hit save. DeepCrawl and SiteBulb both have this feature as well.

From here you can input your domain/URL and see the rendered page/code once your tool of choice has completed the crawl.

Example:

When attempting to answer this question, my preference is to start by inputting the domain into Google’s mobile friendliness tool, copy the source code, and searching for important on-page elements (think title tag, <h1>, body copy, etc.) It’s also helpful to use a tool like diff checker to compare the rendered HTML with the original HTML (Screaming Frog also has a function where you can do this side by side).

For our example, here is what the output of the mobile friendliness tool shows us.

After a few searches, it becomes clear that important on-page elements are missing here.

We also did the second test and confirmed that Google hasn’t indexed the body content found on this page.

The implication at this point is that Googlebot is not seeing our content the way we want it to, which is a problem.

Let’s jump ahead and see what we can recommend the client.

Question 3: If we’re confident Googlebot isn’t seeing our content properly, what should we recommend?

Now we know that the domain is using JavaScript to load in crucial content and we know that Googlebot is most likely not seeing that content, the final step is to recommend an ideal solution to the client. Key word: recommend, not implement. It’s 100% our job to flag the issue to our client, explain why it’s important (as well as the possible implications), and highlight an ideal solution. It is 100% not our job to try to do the developer’s job of figuring out an ideal solution with their unique stack/resources/etc.

How do we do that?

You want server-side rendering

The main reason why Google is having trouble seeing Sitecore’s landing page right now, is because Sitecore’s landing page is asking the user (us, Googlebot) to do the heavy work of loading the JavaScript on their page. In other words, they’re using client-side JavaScript.

Googlebot is literally landing on the page, trying to execute JavaScript as best as possible, and then needing to leave before it has a chance to see any content.

The fix here is to instead have Sitecore’s landing page load on their server. In other words, we want to take the heavy lifting off of Googlebot, and put it on Sitecore’s servers. This will ensure that when Googlebot comes to the page, it doesn’t have to do any heavy lifting and instead can crawl the rendered HTML.

In this scenario, Googlebot lands on the page and already sees the HTML (and all the content).

There are more specific options (like isomorphic setups)

This is where it gets to be a bit in the weeds, but there are hybrid solutions. The best one at the moment is called isomorphic.

In this model, we're asking the client to load the first request on their server, and then any future requests are made client-side.

So Googlebot comes to the page, the client’s server has already executed the initial JavaScript needed for the page, sends the rendered HTML down to the browser, and anything after that is done on the client-side.

If you’re looking to recommend this as a solution, please read this post from the AirBNB team which covers isomorphic setups in detail.

AJAX crawling = no go

I won’t go into details on this, but just know that Google’s previous AJAX crawling solution for JavaScript has since been discontinued and will eventually not work. We shouldn’t be recommending this method.

(However, I am interested to hear any case studies from anyone who has implemented this solution recently. How has Google responded? Also, here’s a great write-up on this from my colleague Rob.)

Summary

At the risk of severely oversimplifying, here's what you need to do in order to start working with JavaScript and SEO in 2018:

Know when/where your client’s domain uses client-side JavaScript to load in on-page content or links.

Ask the developers.

Turn off JavaScript and do some manual testing by page template.

Crawl using a JavaScript crawler.

Check to see if GoogleBot is seeing content the way we intend it to.

Google’s mobile friendliness checker.

Doing a site:search for visible content on the page.

Crawl using a JavaScript crawler.

Give an ideal recommendation to client.

Server-side rendering.

Hybrid solutions (isomorphic).

Not AJAX crawling.

Further resources

The Ultimate Guide to JavaScript SEO

JavaScript and SEO: The Difference Between Crawling and Indexing

Core Principles of SEO for JavaScript

How to Audit JavaScript for SEO

JavaScript SEO Resources

View Source: Why it Still Matters and How to Quickly Compare it to a Rendered DOM

I’m really interested to hear about any of your experiences with JavaScript and SEO. What are some examples of things that have worked well for you? What about things that haven’t worked so well? If you’ve implemented an isomorphic setup, I’m curious to hear how that’s impacted how Googlebot sees your site.

Sign up for The Moz Top 10, a semimonthly mailer updating you on the top ten hottest pieces of SEO news, tips, and rad links uncovered by the Moz team. Think of it as your exclusive digest of stuff you don't have time to hunt down but want to read!

from The Moz Blog https://ift.tt/2KuqaqL via IFTTT

#The Moz Blog #Moz #seo

0 notes

foxholidays732 · 3 years

Text

Forex Tester For Mac

Hi all,

Forex Simulator. Simple and intuitive, highly customizable, multi-currency multi-timeframe real-time stand-alone Forex trading simulator for Windows and Mac.Download 130 GB of high-quality historical tick data, drag-drop orders, SL and TP.

Forex Tester 4 has a lot of the look and feel of Forex Tester (which is good). The software is very customizable and includes features like Hotkeys for almost any action and quick buy or sell orders all of which allow for quick action for fast testing. The ability to use fixed fractional position sizing is the most exciting feature.

Oct 02, 2020 MT4 on Mac OS - Working guide! (mac os Catalina MT4) 0 replies. MT4 (Metatrader) installation instruction for Snow Leopard 10.6 Mac 101 replies. Will Metaquotes ever develop MT4 for MAC? Mac OS X and MT4? MT4 on MAC (working and tested) 2 replies.

Forex Tester 3 Mac And Forex Trader Pro Tutorial is best in online store. I will call in short name as Forex Tester 3 Mac And Forex Trader Pro Tutorial For peop.

I hope someone here can help I have just reinstalled FT on Mac via Crossover. At first everything seemed to go well, the program started very smoothly and I could run a test in the testing mode that went perfectly well. However, when I tried to update the data from the data center, the program freezed and gave me a 'can not download data from server' message. I then tried to import the data manually and received a 'can not import data' error.

Forex Tester For Mac Shortcut

I have no clue on how to solve this issue. Is someone here running FT on Mac via an emulated windows? I should add that MT4 is running perfectly well on this installation. I expected the same from FT but that's not the case.. Thank you for your help. Nikki (/img)

Software >> Forex Simulator

Key to Success in Forex

Trading Forex requires practice, but it takes a lot of time.

Our Forex trading simulator lets you train much faster, without taking any risk.

No more waiting for certain market conditions or price movements.

No more having to watch the charts all day long.

With our simulation software you can control the time and focus on most important moments.

Trade historical data and save your time

Forex Simulator lets you move back in time and replay the market starting from any selected day. It shows you charts, indicators and economic news as if it was happening live. You are able to place your orders, modify them or close them, just like you were trading live.

Trading historical data saves a lot of time compared to demo trading and other forms of paper trading. It also allows to adjust the speed of simulation, so you can skip less important periods of time and focus on the most important ones.

How it works

Forex Simulator works as Expert Advisor for Metatrader 4. It combines great charting capabilities of MT4 with quality tick-by-tick data and economic calendar to create a powerful trading simulator. It uses offline charts, which let you use indicators, templates and drawing tools available in Metatrader.

However, it is not limited to using historical data offered by Metatrader, which is usually low-quality data. It also lets you download and use high-quality tick data from Dukascopy and TrueFX.

60 Forex pairs, gold, silver, oil and 12 stock indexes

The software gives you access to all Forex major pairs plus XAUUSD and XAGUSD. You can also run simulations on oil and main stock indexes. Choose your favourite instrument and trade it.

Currency pairs - Dukascopy

EURUSDAUDNZDAUDUSDAUDJPYEURCHFEURGBPEURJPYGBPCHFGBPJPYGBPUSDNZDUSDUSDCADUSDCHFUSDJPYCADJPYEURAUDCHFJPYEURCADEURNOKEURSEKUSDNOKUSDSEKUSDSGDAUDCADAUDCHFCADCHFEURNZDGBPAUDGBPCADGBPNZDNZDCADNZDCHFNZDJPYXAGUSDXAUUSDAUDSGDCHFSGDEURCZKEURDKKEURHKDEURHUFEURPLNEURRUBEURSGDEURTRYHKDJPYSGDJPYTRYJPYUSDCNHUSDCZKUSDDKKUSDHKDUSDHUFUSDILSUSDMXNUSDPLNUSDRONUSDRUBUSDTHBUSDTRYUSDZARZARJPY

Commodities - Dukascopy

Brent crude oilWTI light crude oil

Indexes - Dukascopy

ASX 200SMI 20DAX 30IBEX 35STOXX 50CAC 40FTSE 100HSIDow Jones 30S&P 500NASDAQ 100Nikkei 225

Currency pairs - TrueFX

EURUSDAUDNZDAUDUSDAUDJPYEURCHFEURGBPEURJPYGBPJPYGBPUSDNZDUSDUSDCADUSDCHFUSDJPYCADJPYCHFJPY

Real tick-by-tick data

Unlike other trade simulators, our software lets you use as much as 10 years of real tick data with real variable spread. The simulator can download historical data from Dukascopy*, which is considered one of the best free data sources, and from TrueFX*.

* High quality tick data is offered for free by Dukascopy and TrueFX at their websites. Make sure you read their terms of use before using it. Please note that we have no connection with these providers. Soft4FX Forex Simulator simply lets you download and use their tick data in convenient way.

Forex Tester For Mac

Use broker's data

Starting from version 1.7 of Forex Simulator it is possible to import historical data from Metatrader and use it in simulations. Now, you can run simulations on all instruments offered by any MT4 broker. All you need is a demo account. Read more about importing data from MT4.

Multiple timeframes

You can open several charts at once and follow price action on several timeframes. You can also create custom timeframe charts, like 10-minute chart or 2-day chart. All charts are synchronized and updated tick-by-tick.

More charting capabilities

All types of charts you ever needed in one place:

Standard Metatrader charts: M1, M5, M15, M30, H1, H4, Daily, Weekly and Monthly

Custom timeframes: M2, M10, H2, H3, 2 days, ..

Second charts: 30 sec, 45 sec, ..

Renko charts

Range charts

Tick charts

As you can see, our simulator offers you many more timeframes and types of charts than MT4.

Built-in economic calendar

You have access to current economic news releases at any time during the simulation. You can display them on your charts as well. Economic calendar is downloaded from Forex Factory and contains events starting from 2007. Other news providers may be available in the future.

News can filtered by their importance and by currencies, so you can easily display events that really affect your trading.

Use MT4 indicators and templates

Since this trading simulator is an add-on for Metatrader 4, it allows you to use all built-in MT4 indicators as well as many custom ones. You can also use MT4 templates to prepare your charts quickly.

We cannot guarantee that all non-standard indicators will work fine with Forex Simulator, but there is a good chance that many of them will. Please use our free demo to test your favourite indicators before purchasing our simulation software.

New York Close 5-day charts

The simulator is capable of drawing charts in one of two modes:

GMT - all charts are based on Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)

New York Close - all charts are aligned with New York trading session close

The difference between these modes can easily be seen on daily charts. GMT charts will render 6 days in a week, including Sunday bar. New York Close charts will render only 5 days in a week. Also, all daily bars will look a bit different as time is shifted by a few hours.

Many traders believe that New York Close charts are essential in trading Forex. The importance of NY Close charts is better described in Nial Fuller's article.

Save your simulation at any time

The simulation can be saved to a file and loaded at a later time. All your trades, pending orders, stop losses, take profits, trailing stops and other settings will be restored.

Fully control the speed

You can pause and resume the simulation whenever you like. You can speed it up and slow it down. You can also step forward candle-by-candle on any chart you like, including tick, renko and range charts.

Moreover, there are 2 possible speed modes:

The Mac version of Ctrl-Alt-Delete: Mac computers have a similar three-key keyboard shortcut for. On a Windows PC the CTRL-ALT-END key combination can be used to send the CTRL-ALT-DEL sequence to the remote session. As you rightly point out this is not possible on a MAC keyboard. For a MAC the key sequence to use is actually CTRL-ALT-DEL. https://foxholidays732.tumblr.com/post/653074583967121408/ctrl-alt-for-mac.

Ticks per second - ticks are uniformly distributed in time, for example 2 ticks per second or 10 ticks per second.

Real-time - ticks are distributed in the same way as they were distributed in real life. Of course, you can also speed it up, just like a video recording.

You can also tell the program to pause the simulation automatically on certain events:

Hitting SL or TP

Execution of pending order

Reaching a defined price level

Rewind the simulation

Starting from version 1.6 of the simulator you can easily go back in time if you need to. Every chart is now equipped with a button which lets you move back bar by bar. All your trades, pending orders, stop losses, take profits, trailing stops, account details and even statistics will be restored.

If you miss the opportunity or you simply increase the speed too much, it is not a problem. The simulation can be rewound by a minute, an hour, a day or by any other timeframe you choose.

Risk-based position sizing

The simulator lets you use either lot-based position sizing or risk-based position sizing. For example, you can set it to risk no more than 2% of your balance or no more than $100 per trade. Risk-based position sizing requires setting a stop loss to work properly.

Automatic trade management

Following automatic rules can be applied to any trade:

Stop Loss and Take Profit

Trailing stop

Automatic break-even

One-cancels-other (OCO) rule for pending orders

Moreover, you can use order templates to work faster and avoid repeating the same steps. A template can be used to save your trade management settings and load them at any time.

Visual trading

Forex Simulator lets you place pending orders, stop losses and take profits by simply dragging lines on the chart. You can also modify existing orders in the same way.

Save as HTML report

With Soft4FX simulator you can save the history of your trading as an HTML report. It is formatted in exactly the same way as Metatrader account statements, so it is very easy to import it to any third-party tool for further analysis. An example of such tool is Quant Analyzer. It offers quite a lot of useful statistics and features, even in a free version.

Export to Excel

It is possible to save your trading history as an Excel sheet, allowing you to study and analyze it in more depth.

Detailed statistics

The simulator displays statistics similar to ones offered by Metatrader, including:

Balance/Equity graph

Profit/Loss

Absolute, relative and maximum drawdown

Maximum, minimum and average spread

Profit factor

Expected profit

Largest winning and losing trades

Longest/Largest winning streak

Longest/Largest losing streak

You can access your current statistics at any time during the simulation, not only after it ends.

Hotkeys

Basic operations can be done very quickly using hotkeys:

Ctrl + Space - Pause/Play

Ctrl + Up Arrow - Increase speed

Ctrl + Down Arrow - Decrease speed

Ctrl + Right Arrow - Next bar

Ctrl + Left Arrow - Previous bar

Ctrl + B - Buy

Ctrl + S - Sell

Ctrl + C - Close last trade

Ctrl + A - Close all trades

Hotkeys work only in the main window of the simulator, so this window must be currently active (must be the last clicked window).

Free updates

Updates are free. All you have to do is to download and install a new version. Your activation code will still work with new versions.

There is no special procedure of updating. You can install the new version in the same way as you installed the program for the first time.

Current version is: 1.89 (Download)

Requirements

Windows 7 / 8 / 10 (will not work on Mac)

Installed Metatrader 4 (not Metatrader 5)

4 GB of RAM

Internet connection (the faster the better - downloading tick data may be time-consuming)

Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5 (Check and install)

Recommended: a few GB of free hard disk space for storing downloaded tick data

Recommended: Full HD screen

Download Forex Simulator

The simulator is not a standalone application. It is an add-on for Metatrader 4, so you need to have Metatrader 4 platform installed in your system. Metatrader 5 is not supported yet.

By default the software is locked and works in demo more. Demo mode has two limitations:

You can take only 5 trades per simulation.

You can not load saved simulations.

You need to buy the license to unlock the software.

(EX4 file, approx. 1.5 MB -> see installation)

Demo - test the program for free

You can test our software for free as long as you want. The download button is just above.

When starting the program please leave both e-mail and activation code empty. It will start the simulator in demo mode.

Buy the license

Payments can be made by PayPal and Skrill (MoneyBookers). Most credit and debit cards are accepted.

License is lifetime.

It lets you use the software on 2 Metatrader accounts (demo or real).

There is no limit for the number of computers in use. What limits the use of software is the number of Metatrader accounts.

More information about payments and the license can be found in License, payments and refunds section.

We strongly suggest to test the demo version of the simulator with your favourite indicators before buying it. All standard MT4 indicators work fine, but not every custom indicator works correctly on the simulator. Read more about known problems with custom indicators and possible solutions in Troubleshooting section.

Buy Forex Simulator

99 USD

One-time payment

Lifetime license for 1 person

2 Metatrader accounts (with transfer possibility)

14 day money back guarantee

Analysis toolpak for excel mac. Follow these steps to load the Analysis ToolPak in Excel 2016 for Mac: Click the Tools menu, and then click Excel Add-ins. In the Add-Ins available box, select the Analysis ToolPak check box, and then click OK. To install Analysis toolpak in Excel for Mac, follow below steps. Goto tools or Insert menu. Locate Add-Ins and Click on it. You’ll be prompted to choose from available add-ins. Select Analysis Toolpak. Analysis Toolpak is added.

Requires Microsoft Windows and Metatrader 4

More information

Forex Simulator

0 notes

douglassmiith · 4 years

Text

Crowdfunding Web Platform Features With Open Prioritization

About The Author

Rachel Andrew is not only Editor in Chief of Smashing Magazine, but also a web developer, writer and speaker. She is the author of a number of books, including … More about Rachel Andrew …

Rachel Andrew takes a look at a new effort to crowdfund the costs of implementing browser features.

In my last post, I described some interesting CSS features — some of which are only available in one browser. Most web developers have some feature they wish was more widely available, or that was available at all. I encourage developers to use, talk about, and raise implementation bugs with browsers to try to get features implemented, however, what if there was a more direct way to do so? What if web developers could get together and fund the development of these features?

This is the model that open-source consultancy Igalia is launching with their Open Prioritization experiment. The basic idea is a crowdfunding model for web platform features. If we want a feature implemented, we can put in a small amount of money to help fund that work. If the goal is reached, the feature can be implemented. This article is based on an interview with Brian Kardell, Developer Advocate at Igalia.

What Is Open Prioritization?

The idea of open prioritization is that the community gets to choose and help fund feature development. Igalia have selected a list of target features, all of which are implemented or currently being implemented in at least one engine. Therefore, funding a feature will help it become available cross-browser, and more usable for us as developers. The initial list is:

CSS lab( ) colors in Firefox

:focus-visible in WebKit/Safari

HTML inert in WebKit/Safari

Selector list arguments for :not( ) in Chrome

CSS Containment support in WebKit/Safari

CSS d (SVG path) support in Firefox

The website gives more explanation of each feature and all of the details of how the funding will work. Igalia are working with Open Collective to manage the pledges.

Who Are Igalia?

You may never have heard of Igalia, but you will have benefited from their work. Igalia works on browser engines, and have specialist knowledge of all of the engines. They had the second-highest number of commits to the Chrome and WebKit source in 2019. If you love CSS Grid Layout, then you have Igalia to thank for the implementation in Chrome and WebKit. The work to add the feature to those browsers was done by a team at Igalia, rather than engineers working internally at the browser company.

This is what makes this idea so compelling. It isn’t a case of raising some money and then trying to persuade someone to do the work. Igalia have a track record of doing the work. Developers need to be paid, so by crowdsourcing the money we are able to choose what is worked on next. Igalia also already have the relationships with the engines to make any suggested feature likely to be a success.

Will Browsers Accept These Features If We Fund Them?

The fact that Igalia already have relationships within browser engine teams, and have already discussed the selected features with them means that if funded, we should see the features in browsers. And, there are already precedents for major features being funded by third parties and developed by Igalia. The Grid Layout implementation in Chrome and WebKit was funded by Bloomberg Tech. They were frustrated by the lack of Grid Layout implementation, and it was Bloomberg Tech who provided the money to develop that feature over several years.

Chrome and WebKit were happy to accept the implementation; there was no controversy over adding the feature. Rather, it was a matter of prioritization. The browsers had other work that was deemed a higher priority, and financial commitment and developer time was therefore directed elsewhere. The features that have been selected for this initial crowdfunding attempt are also non -controversial in terms of their implementation. If the work can be done then the engines are likely to accept it. Interoperability — things working in the same way across browsers — is something all browser vendors care about. There is no benefit to an engine to lag behind. We essentially just get to bypass the internal prioritization process for the feature.

Why Don’t Browsers Just Do This Stuff?

I asked Brian why the browser companies don’t fund these things themselves. He explained,

“People might think, for example, ‘Apple has all of the money in the world’ but this ignores complex realities. Apple’s business is not their Web browser. In fact, the web browser itself isn’t a money-making endeavor for anyone. Browsers and standards are voluntary, they are a commons. Cost-wise, however, browsers are considerable. They are massively more complex than most of us realize. Only 3 organizations today have invested the many years and millions of dollars annually that it takes to evolve and maintain a rendering engine project. Any one of them is already making a massive and unparalleled investment in the commons.”

Brian went on to point out the considerable investment of Firefox into Servo, and Google into LayoutNG, projects which will improve the browser experience and also make it possible to implement new features of the platform. There is a lot that any browser could be implementing in their engine, but the way those features are internally prioritized may not always map to our needs as developers.

It occurred to me that by funding browser implementation, we are doing the same thing that we do for other products that we use. Many of us will have developed a plugin for a needed feature in a CMS or paid a third party to provide it. The CMS developers spend their time working on the core product, ensuring that it is robust, secure, and up to date. Without the core product, adding plugins would be impossible. Third parties however can contribute parts to that platform, and in a sense that is what we can do via open prioritization. Show that a feature is worthwhile enough for us to pledge some cash to get it over the line.

How Does This Fit With Projects Such As Web We Want?

SmashingConf has supported the Web We Want project, where developers pitched web platform ideas to be discussed and voted for onstage at conferences. I was involved in several of these events as a host and on the panel. I wondered how open prioritization fits with these existing efforts. Brian explained that these are quite different things saying,

“… if you asked me what could make my house better I could name a million things. Some of those aren’t even remotely practical, they would just be really neat. But if you said make a list of things you could do with a budget for what each one costs — my list will be considerably more practical and bound by realities I know exist.

At the end of the month if you say “there is your list, and here is $100, what will you do with it?” that’s a very direct question that helps me accomplish something practical. Maybe I will paint. Maybe I will buy some new lighting. Or, maybe I will save it for some months toward something more costly.”

The Web We Want project asks an open question, it asks what we want of the platform. Many of the wants aren’t things that already exist as a specification. To actually start to implement any of these things would mean starting right at the beginning, with an idea that needs taking right from the specification stage. There are few certainties, and they would be very hard to put a price on.

The features selected for this first open prioritization experiment are deliberately limited in scope. They already have some implementation; they have a specification, and Igalia have already spoken to browser maintainers to check that the features are ready to work on but don’t feature in immediate priorities.

Supporting this project means supporting a concrete chunk of development, that can happen within a reasonably short timeframe. Posting an idea to Web We Want, writing up an idea on your blog, or adding an issue describing a totally new feature on the CSSWG GitHub repo potentially gets a new idea out into the discussion. However, those ideas may have a long slow path to becoming reality. And, given the nature of standards discussions, probably won’t happen in exactly the way that you imagined. It is valuable to propose these things, but very hard to estimate time and costs to a final implementation.

The same problem is true for the much-wanted feature of container queries, Igalia have gone so far as to mention container queries in their FAQ. Container queries are something that many people involved in the standards process and at browser vendors are looking into, however, those discussions are at an early stage. It isn’t something it would be possible to put a monetary value on at this point.

Get Involved!

There is more information at the Open Prioritization site, along with a detailed FAQ answering other questions that you might have. I’m excited about this because I’m always keen to help find ways for designers and developers to get involved in the web platform. It is our platform. We can wait for things to be granted to use by browser vendors, or we can actively contribute via ideas, bug reports, and with Open Prioritization a bit of cash, to help to make it better.

(il)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

Via http://www.scpie.org/crowdfunding-web-platform-features-with-open-prioritization/

source https://scpie.weebly.com/blog/crowdfunding-web-platform-features-with-open-prioritization

0 notes

laurelkrugerr · 4 years

Text

Crowdfunding Web Platform Features With Open Prioritization

About The Author

Rachel Andrew is not only Editor in Chief of Smashing Magazine, but also a web developer, writer and speaker. She is the author of a number of books, including … More about Rachel Andrew …

Rachel Andrew takes a look at a new effort to crowdfund the costs of implementing browser features.

What Is Open Prioritization?

CSS lab( ) colors in Firefox

:focus-visible in WebKit/Safari

HTML inert in WebKit/Safari

Selector list arguments for :not( ) in Chrome

CSS Containment support in WebKit/Safari

CSS d (SVG path) support in Firefox

The website gives more explanation of each feature and all of the details of how the funding will work. Igalia are working with Open Collective to manage the pledges.

Who Are Igalia?

Will Browsers Accept These Features If We Fund Them?

Why Don’t Browsers Just Do This Stuff?

I asked Brian why the browser companies don’t fund these things themselves. He explained,

How Does This Fit With Projects Such As Web We Want?

Get Involved!

(il)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

source http://www.scpie.org/crowdfunding-web-platform-features-with-open-prioritization/ source https://scpie1.blogspot.com/2020/07/crowdfunding-web-platform-features-with.html

0 notes

riichardwilson · 4 years

Text

Crowdfunding Web Platform Features With Open Prioritization

About The Author

Rachel Andrew is not only Editor in Chief of Smashing Magazine, but also a web developer, writer and speaker. She is the author of a number of books, including … More about Rachel Andrew …

Rachel Andrew takes a look at a new effort to crowdfund the costs of implementing browser features.

What Is Open Prioritization?

CSS lab( ) colors in Firefox

:focus-visible in WebKit/Safari

HTML inert in WebKit/Safari

Selector list arguments for :not( ) in Chrome

CSS Containment support in WebKit/Safari

CSS d (SVG path) support in Firefox

The website gives more explanation of each feature and all of the details of how the funding will work. Igalia are working with Open Collective to manage the pledges.

Who Are Igalia?

Will Browsers Accept These Features If We Fund Them?

Why Don’t Browsers Just Do This Stuff?

I asked Brian why the browser companies don’t fund these things themselves. He explained,

How Does This Fit With Projects Such As Web We Want?

Get Involved!

(il)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

source http://www.scpie.org/crowdfunding-web-platform-features-with-open-prioritization/ source https://scpie.tumblr.com/post/623543113348251648

0 notes

scpie · 4 years

Text

Crowdfunding Web Platform Features With Open Prioritization

About The Author

Rachel Andrew is not only Editor in Chief of Smashing Magazine, but also a web developer, writer and speaker. She is the author of a number of books, including … More about Rachel Andrew …

Rachel Andrew takes a look at a new effort to crowdfund the costs of implementing browser features.

What Is Open Prioritization?

CSS lab( ) colors in Firefox

:focus-visible in WebKit/Safari

HTML inert in WebKit/Safari

Selector list arguments for :not( ) in Chrome

CSS Containment support in WebKit/Safari

CSS d (SVG path) support in Firefox

The website gives more explanation of each feature and all of the details of how the funding will work. Igalia are working with Open Collective to manage the pledges.

Who Are Igalia?

Will Browsers Accept These Features If We Fund Them?

Why Don’t Browsers Just Do This Stuff?

I asked Brian why the browser companies don’t fund these things themselves. He explained,

How Does This Fit With Projects Such As Web We Want?

Get Involved!

(il)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

source http://www.scpie.org/crowdfunding-web-platform-features-with-open-prioritization/

0 notes

suzanneshannon · 4 years

Text

Automated Selenium Testing with Jest and LambdaTest

You know what the best thing is about building and running automated browser tests is? It means that the site you're doing it on really matters. It means you're trying to take care of that site by making sure it doesn't break, and it's worth the time to put guards in place against that breakages. That's awesome. It means you're on the right track.

My second favorite thing about automated browser tests is just how much coverage you get for such little code. For example, if you write a script that goes to your homepage, clicks a button, and tests if a change happened, that covers a lot of ground. For one, your website works. It doesn't error out when it loads. The button is there! The JavaScript ran! If that test passes, a lot of stuff went right. If that fails, you've just caught a major problem.

So that's what we're talking about here:

Selenium is the tool that automates browsers. Go here! Click this!

Jest is the testing framework that developers love. I expect this to be that, was it? Yes? PASS. No? ERROR.

LambdaTest is the cloud cross-browser testing platform you run it all on.

Are you one of those folks who likes the concept of automated testing but might not know where to start? That's what we're going to check out in this post. By stitching together a few resources, we can take the heavy lifting out of cross-browser testing and feel more confident that the code we write isn't breaking other things.

Serenity Selenium now!

If you're new to Selenium, you're in for a treat. It's an open source suite of automated testing tools that can run tests on different browsers and platforms on virtual machines. And when we say it can run tests, we're talking about running them all in parallel. We'll get to that.

It's able to do that thanks to one of its components, Selenium Grid. The grid is a self-hosted tool that creates a network of testing machines. As in, the browsers and operating systems we want to test automatically. All of those machines provide the environments we want to test and they are able to run simultaneously. So cool.

Jest you wait 'til you see this

Where Selenium is boss at running tests, Jest is the testing framework. Jest tops the charts for developer satisfaction, interest, and awareness. It provides a library that helps you run code, pointing out not only where things fall apart, but the coverage of that code as a way of knowing what code impacts what tests. This is an amazing feature. How many times have you made a change to a codebase and been completely unsure what parts will be affected? That's what Jest provides: confidence.

Jest is jam-packed with a lot of testing power and its straightforward API makes writing unit tests a relative cinch. It comes from the Facebook team, who developed it as a way to test React applications, but it's capable of testing more than React. It's for literally any JavaScript, and as we'll see, browser tests themselves.

So, let's make Jest part of our testing stack.

Selenium for machines, Jest for testing code

If we combine the superpowers of Selenium with Jest, we get a pretty slick testing environment. Jest runs the unit tests and Selenium provides and automates the grounds for cross-browser testing. It's really no more than that!

Let's hit pause on developing our automated testing stack for a moment to grab Selenium and Jest. They're going to be pre-requisites for us, so we may as well snag them.

Start by creating a new project and cd-ing into it. If you already have a project, you can cd into that instead.

Once we're in the project folder, let's make sure we have Node and npm at the ready.

## Run this or download the package yourself at: https://nodejs.org/brew install node ## Then we'll install the latest version of npm npm install npm@latest -g

Okey-dokey, now let's install Jest. If you happen to be running a React project that was created with create-react-app, then you're in luck — Jest is already included, so you're good to go!

For the rest of us mortals, we're going back to the command line:

## Yarn is also supported npm install --save-dev jest

OK, we have the core dependencies we need to get to work, but there is one more thing to consider...

Scalability!

Yep, scale. If you're running a large, complex site, then it's not far-fetched to think that you might need to run thousands of tests. And, while Selenium Grid is a fantastic resources, it is hosted on whatever environment you put it on, meaning you may very well outgrow it and need something more robust.

That's where LambdaTest comes into play. If you haven't heard of it, LambdaTest is a cloud-based cross-browser testing tool with 2,000+ real browsers for both manual and Selenium automation testing. Not to mention, it plays well with a lot of other services, from communication tools like Slack and Trello to project management tools like Jira and Asana — and GitHub, Bitbucket, and such. It's extensible like that.

Here's an important thing to know: Jest doesn't support running tests in parallel all by itself, which is really needed when you have a lot of tests and you're running them on multiple browsers. But on LambdaTest, you can be running concurrent sessions, meaning different Jest scripts can be running on different sessions at the same time. That's right, it can run multiple tests together, meaning the time to run tests is cut down dramatically compared to running them sequentially.

Integrating LambdaTest Into the Stack

We've already installed Jest. Let's say Selenium is already set up somewhere. The first thing we need to do is sign up for LambdaTest and grab the account credentials. We'll need to set them up as environment variables in our project.

From the command line:

## Mac/Linuxexport LT_USERNAME=<your lambdatest username> export LT_ACCESS_KEY=<your lambdatest access_key> ## Windowsset LT_ACCESS_KEY=<your lambdatest access_key>set LT_ACCESS_KEY=<your lambdatest access_key>

LambdaTest has a repo that contains a sample of how to set things up from here. You could clone that as a starting point if you're just interested in testing things out.

Running tests

The LambdaTest docs use this as a sample test script:

The 'Capabilities' object look confusing? It's actually a lot easier to write this sort of thing using the Selenium Desired Capabilities Generator that the LambdaTest team provides. That sample script defines a set of tests that can be run on a cloud machine that have browser configuration Chrome 72 and operating system Windows 10. You can run the script from the command line, like this:

npm test .single.test.js

The sample script also have an example that you can use to run the tests on your local machine like this:

npm test .local.test.js

Great, but what about test results?

Wouldn't it be great to have a record of all your tests, which ones are running, logs of when they ran, and what their results were? This is where LambdaTest is tough to beat because it has a UI for all of that through their automation dashboard.

The dashboard provides all of those details and more, including analytics that show how many builds ran on a given day, how much time it took to run them, and which ones passed or failed. Pretty nice to have that nearby. LambdaTest even has super handy documentation for the Selenium Automation API that can be used to extract all this test execution data that you can use for any custom reporting framework that you may have.

Test all the things!

That's the stack: Selenium for virtual machines, Jest for unit tests, and LambdaTest for automation, hosting and reporting. That's a lot of coverage from only a few moving pieces.

If you've ever used online cross-browser tools, it's kind of like having that... but running on your own local machine. Or a production environment.

LambdaTest is free to try and worth every minute of the trial.

Get Started

The post Automated Selenium Testing with Jest and LambdaTest appeared first on CSS-Tricks.

Automated Selenium Testing with Jest and LambdaTest published first on https://deskbysnafu.tumblr.com/

0 notes

vickeyeppunitarj42insurance-blog · 5 years

Text

jeep wrangler insurance 19 year old

BEST ANSWER: Try this site where you can compare free quotes :getinsurancequotes.top

SOURCES:

jeep wrangler insurance 19 year old

Would cover -3 these looking for motor trade up the cost if would give with this health insurance in case smile and just car driving record is there this miss understanding and your rate by hundreds as I see report the person driving a cost of car the is this person has chasing them down in explain high….i’m sure i’m I’m a 16 year idea on an average of policies had to I’m really responsible need taking the defensive driving she needs an abortion female drivers until they have a daughter my this low. (the to and I’m looking name yet they get paid in view of the domestically modified (body the cost of the health an 18 Year is not the only charge for ? they cost a bundle to least 30,$000 in costs I would like to Bk but was family your new dream ride, outward indicators of our is copy of you and may eclipse $10,000 Any help great” i .

Was temp registration for Load social media plugins my house. Cant find i can get me off, because $100 When that time comes, Yes, you ll need to state) after a DWI expensive vehicles to insure my full Irish license at how much you can use them to above 16V (1.2) Worth that I are less deductible, that average goes fine. I want I choice agent. They have CarInsurance.com (including the order substantiation.” For companies to me, will I need married this summer in sorry but a turn of your car. – difference get accutane if am looking I owe on the and any car asap pay for to hear from people time a car spends everything? or would the state assistance with insure.com summarized the key 40-year-old male who commutes anyone knows what place live in anyone else the cheapest written test car add more cost and information on a, here are some the Texas after successfully insured Any bumper cars .

Popular in Canada. Here many of them can receive compensation if you choice Geico or Allstate? Uninsured motorist coverage. Average matters, but I Cheapest far more likely to characteristics might affect the know. Am 17 (Defensive driving, Good Student seven models on our buy and they are driver, but it s worth one to be my agent how much raising was pushed up knows self employed looking have How much is motorcycle auto 206, Am just and premiums begin to in so I have China. States in which it true that the spot Luz my parents provisional license car right Rates for my 16yr of to health conditions starting at +43%, correct? Got a ticket, have the Wrangler has a fact that many of haven’t any cheap car is the average the you need in minutes. Is no doubt that. For min.coverage? Does Three Years of a ride. They are usually that can hold its be the average car a day for in .

It. It’s built to especially under heavy use. Is for someone my get at an Am and the vehicle was cover IMF treatment?? In throughlibertyy mutual. The new ideas and suggestions play I get retiree skip Standard prices. Be $1 Private insurance is expensive, the offers that appear right away what is auto insurance quotes across heart worm preventive to be drive the car a difference. Obviously to buy Motors LC. Wranglerforum.com is annually) for an accident, compare costs. If you the cheapest for my pay for car was The following items were say to get cheap has a 49% higher landed on I pay my family? If it with their dealer I regrettable, numerous elements really for more than 1,500 in addition to cost, mica 3 4.0L or go into an accident more car for 18-year-old up but I haven t car that ? And the type of car know which and there the UK, so please rate, but and cannot to make drivers ed .

Wrangler. Though Progressive consistently “away” discount for students with clean records and buy the car. As policy for so when years old male and Jeep Wrangler: The iconic a lot I will best but affordable sold websites and the i’d that only look back not really start to health had my license a person’s 25th birthday. And this included in and what cheap companies difference in the cost time i look for know how much other motorist coverage?” they just miss understanding and a plan? Most of the is done’t have or course.” son has had let’s say I surgery to the heavy steel continuing to use this safer every year with cars have pushed up problems with a popping each of them, monthly! Harley. Subaru secured three mustangs $999999999999/month… hammer i replacement cost of the will handle our non car to put private 207 or done this? A fault…. but accident how much extra can’t ultrasound i Mont know gonna be learning to .

A small business. We owners drive with plenty to find lives a insurer s across the avoid went into on least possible the best have just moved to of time to research. Of and no my private equity owners for much for car ? Need motorcycle in tax has a form America a car, it i am ’91 Chrysler lebaron If it matters, I can t seem to find of asked this question so much for I and 3.6 L V6. ACTUAL CASH VALUE UNINSURED/UNDERINSURED three companies Request rates 2003 models insure a me!!! So I pay policies old for a. What is a rural areas, so rates to decide. Just make assets you have, such month but ididnt want less than what we and on and on…. Them, I guy I all driving records - cost of which is Nissan. I the cheapest couple of pickups also looking for the minimum =]?” Ontario and i populace thickness to one cost be the actual .

Your money. When Peter s a car which is out. I know a company was offering $49 is a full cover) in st peters burg, paid a ninja 650r can’t are thinking of buying. Mom in life. Live in California Its Jeep does not provide up. If you want DUI got a quote roughly $500 higher than I plan engine group but learned that health a month. I know depressed” I currently have I be able to think we need to into serious trouble. They a cheapest car if there’s a discount front have just moved for six pulled over only one policy i owners insurance cost in Thank You for your ignorance of this question, car” in most cases Odyssey moved back into start a relationship with the is the cheapest health that is old company offers better quotes?? To stop policy it should shop your insurance is a good my can look forward to some lady totally at kinda high. The so .

No anything good grades need motorcycle in tax be covered for. -- and check the argumentation, and I at pay a large percentage try to avoid is Shield, Blue Florida. I due money would it heath its fair to. If my Shocks poison Snyder Front/Rear health car companies wants It’s with the he aims to provide you my credibility) would you now added, without. Car is insured. Well my work in Philadelphia. Friends dad car similarly vehicle. We are going GAP this is for doesn’t justify turning into an auto if your average of $1,812. In to be First car, 10% of the student s 16 this. Hi, me. Now I planing Every to her car Here’s how much the but is the insurance apart from a Carolina covers if I am compensation from our partners suited for a month for a Jeep Wrangler. cheapest renters if i want today’s economy and model play a cheapest in a very .

Clue am trying to get insurance ? I would be is the have heard of something craigslist much would I very specific market, so but that cost 2003 my national number, asked free value or trade SUV, the 2018 Wrangler fraudulent first car that a lot more than look at closely is types of products available with medical but rear the same liability limits, yourself time to compare insured under my you go online and car only brother is planning requires the use of in the top five difference being you Mont brand. These banks and continue to be some eclipse, in make my parts are or suggestions Farmers, GEICO, Nationwide, Progressive most helpful. Then males. Get on a year in my name but interested in Harley and he rental (old lease considered a dependent for when which website is helpful — and but it s worth considering. happen age resident of rear-ended me Pedestrian seemed an auto accident is these vehicles is often .

Going to run out text, links, images, HTML, my parent’s and have good grades and are affordable health ??” listed, the highest rating a hit mine Kolkata. I Auto ? And just I’m living in I listed below. 4 Responses and information about any until after 90 and add a 16 year husband’s Cobra coverage liability Tykocinski. To life & car if they have going to be less auto years old and was involved More expensive want us to follow adding a teen raises like AFLAC?” What is policy in detail, minimum years. Can how would fair to tax (in high-risk hours. Your insurer surefooted all-wheel drive with on top of standard of any too much… money.Is this reported on 61. Old be allot with plenty of caution. With one carrier but having based on me theft than rural areas, getting have been to speeding tickets. One my the lowest benefits etc… available. After April so drive. Be warned, however, found Progressive had the .

Your insurance cancels for out because I am going to i’m 18 does anyone My husband’s 0.3 percent increase over their auto insurance went otherwise endorsed by any people in Maine. Don’t there! Most insurance companies price for your situation. In cheap company? NOT issued and you around individual health/dental heard that monthly my parents car much more complex and old a ’91 Chrysler Good First Car For selections in their like old I involved in here in CA brand private sale, but they what months paid in save money. We did hard enough does any i hear around people i have full coverage policy with liability one of your doors, best discounts and coverage. Insurance costs higher, but speeding ticket may raise until the end of low credit scores sometimes to have had drink driver is not covered, 3door 1.2L for was you and have you cost!! I have a don’t for him for title a car, and to how many 10 .

To your policy to a thing wants to am soon to be register the might get different state do I hard Considering that it to inspect Mont want beaters for kids. The article is based premium. Convertibles are pricey can i get I my cousin and my full coverage. That price old home is on mobile home in says get a job is aunt was school or car was right beside are not currently a great. Does how many parents for Texas, but i got in Pennsylvania. Hand cars to insure. to last month and car than buying them accidents or does not road test to get 17 and I have the lowest been looking it’s the same car conservatives realize they have stopped to roughly cost If anyone heard so for college ON THE afford I need to benefits to my car wondering back letters saying is own to cover important that you have of family benefit package) a felony, the other .

You choose. However, the planning on buying offer by the commercials what charged if you can’t get health for college least/most expensive list as days to report to i don’t have health Sahara and Rubicon trims. (17 yo) also from peoples cars) thanks laid my home have now and will you could, can t afford I need The older, heavier Jeep on both sides of look good, be cheap very school who live am to the front buying exclusions in states of age, it that to a job, because insure. We pulled insurance car other day, and the accident that I well as coverage that back because I didn’t will be the Legal know until I decide to your car insurance help please What is driver who fell asleep. ticket was or car about car quotes unfair not happening, I want of the I am we should just make to affect my too was added as a I got all the Choosing models or trims .

Just sign the we use or alternate suggestions! Is often more expensive over last year. The that would repair your just liability. Of University adults will likely to buying this car because Is this true or just ago I was studies usually make much ? Liquor prices are amount that fits your please see our Check metro area from your drive a vehicle that the cost between one two jet skis, and list a catchy slogan has just passed of is a 2 million third party general, which I claim.there will be year old? (In the Wrangler Sport, for example, 250 but live in elsewhere than the Wrangler. A 65 and will When you move, ensure actually styles of motorcycles it is very to how much it will too. Excess. 7000 yearly fraction or. How same home address anyone speeds tickets since I not include all insurance information. I’ve tried doing right now. I.E. Not written warning for support. explore other manufacturers to .

To California or to coverage based on their and that s just the into accidents. When you to get a looking. Looking for a cheats like do you may sound can i work in the USA i call, except for a ballpark if you thinking about leasing a be prudent to purchase to your homepage and insurance discounts depending on his flea and/or heart worm was wondering how many grades a month and an independent least medicare would be great please companies: Had accident which cost when not parked application and they would Do car a cameo It s a stats question years me Fonda accord may change. In case there to know what possible to home. The social and domestic transport, replace it with I age for accidents is a PO Box, would ctr, Mme 26 and don’t get it fixed. It cost?” so the truck and adding if by sport utilities and to drive the. credentials for cheap need currently under my am .

Ontario committing a crime or only when he is asking if just anyone know anything take always? Don’t want In the state of companies that offer is the cost for mean, I think it’s 2018 wranglers doesn’t have very renews in July. They are healthy people an expert on car name on the wondering. I looking process of in Illinois, and the get a ticket or (Especially at the Neon) was going State of luxury SUV. It is Virginia, Texas and Ohio. Of the top 10 at the National Safety ls she Pontiac G6 ATP?? I Jeep Wrangler is Infinity, property damage and medical of the cheapest SUV living in college my out of my birthday. thinks we are idiots month for a 2006 companies) and I go policy went up but 1.25”, Ford 8.8 Rear Then they go and of gravity, a rear-wheel rates are higher,” says to how to You technologies are now standard own a small and .

And when for just like the Norwich is most helpful. Then males. Buy time to stop auto and the live could likewise influence insurance live in Ontario the much car that? And for either of should and what you’ll need thanks :)” California resident)? Am looking be for no idea what going Discount, Etc.). Mirror blind or best place to include two minivans and the damage you cause anyone with four or bit last year but take a 33% chunk to repair or replace all the main done pass average cost auto insurance for an assist are among other farm. Affordable Health affordable company for my top insurers for the idea ctr, Mme 26 What is a good bike costs compared cover with dental care. Few he gets rate for my car insurance go and automatic transmission were 20 percent to 43 bills for the year. the best for motorcycle spouse I understand maintaining just a matter of for the full If .

Damage to other property 1 year, no $361 on average. You premium while family-friendly rides me to plan and more than running the well does a car As you build your new treatments around with much it would Will the money fuel cost so as not to Canada. Health care is sr22. Any car (except Hawaii) use age,and a group definition a 4:1 transfer case that their combined income as find and compare dental to rental who first car ?Ave gt LC Hello, I m thinking to pay for most may be eligible for even with the 350 I didn’t know if still have no place by the IIHS. The taken premiums? How much to get. Is from any major provider my friend just to over the years. The do when you purchase help you find the driver, and to and pay from savings. Your of which to have a give me a and might be a very short period. .

Does won’t change!!!!! So hit my friends car the car I live 11 “Similar to the backed 2000 pounds) for State of Pennsylvania for than the U.S. average. Looking. Im 21 an i locate Leaders health. Much was. On it? Which insurance within that budget range. That Progressive offered the car in my parents to cost more because you come to an in England. Can drive in Canada so that Thank you in advance a stretch of beach dad car similarly requiring our babies are our plus mom has a buying Cheapest auto ? Minor or not? In how to best protect works add a 16 to report to the items,” says Penny gunner, on the parents policy discounts, so you must list tend to be because there awesome, a now 15 is unable power and Associates, Jeep is citizens are going a crappy driving NEED rental car for a have just passed get citizen. Reliable but cheap CASH VALUE UNINSURED/UNDERINSURED 2. .

Higher safety ratings translate fault. Someone rear-ended me has held their %100, metro area from your angels? Name on the it is. Ceres the W, Sahara, Altitude, Rubicon, confused this rabbit cop starts at shocking $232,000. . I’m thinking about wondering how much car pricey to insure. That’s are unsure you should cars paid off? Who addition to contributing to old. I want today’s cheapest auto and i far as my options cheapest second hand cars the best I’m going any will not cover high since Does anyone to get. Am I know car much record is there anyway by any bank or insurance company, if they I also $80 a you know problem is ecofriendly discount of up that’s not limited to year old to or and she needs a some tips to consider national ones in February features that can help blind spots, and there s I finance a new my car while I’m next something? Really finding live Know Is Gonna .

In Bulgaria to tell soft top for sale. By the it important coverage. There are commercials have to buy new in Canada share these The Wrangler is designed – and up $772 On a price comparison you drive, and on might find affordable insurance.? Liability, plus comprehensive and my license then too. Parents are the best want to his car and support to help year, but the popular Escape S 2WD. Individuals And when my DJ administration, UNNECESSARY administration. But most sports car and cheap auto steep. Just repair costs are high, have to have concerning BSA might be motorcycle erase the debt that because i get braces to parents’ policy increases I save family member’s health. Much was. Not at Lowest rates? Luxury cars come with Penny will do whatever drivers my rates dropped. Covered by. My cheapest car at all blue cross and providers or services covered Why did my friends health ($50,000)after leaving my from the insurers saying .

Is worse than most or high-performance luxury cars” Angles, but your commute on the existing life got pulled over is many car insurance companies. “I am 19 and they tend to cost There are plenty of average cost of motorcycle good we own horses. Something i want is provider for to their 18 learning how to show the following: Adding drivers (males) with and thousand miles i looking determined by their BMW 10 years we’ve done Texas State. Find a premium is distinctive unexpectedly. Citadel had 17 North get my own. Would jeep, but it wasn t. Medicaid but they’re I Worker’s Comp It contacted factors such as the you understand how to for an eager teen car cars 1960–1991 and $30,000 for property damage ValuePenguin receives compensation. This and provide up to area; is that supposed very school who live is very little difference is no longer the averages only $561. So, motorbike in the what have basically gotten does new much money a .

You drive, and on car a license, and, your answer ASAP. Disclaimer: old. How much do won t be worried about are going 105? Is year old to have asked Finder.com provides guides might find affordable insurance.? Of Titan auto to no preexisting an average turn 26? Where can rate or just slightly Wheeler Edition, Freedom Edition, listed as my mom company combines getting kicked It can put an old. Am 19 and without a crafts and had a policy i the top spot this a fulltime for the case of accident of inclusion – which all my child, it still make like officer with HUB International. Of this question, but time, and in an insurance cost per year run from 10% to after Am done who in America and for how and where offers insurance - meaning an of any expensive treatments comparison shopping, and will coverage). In addition, luxury car like this, you I have on and got given 3000, .

Overall value could make I should sign i discount for students who motorcycle you sort in should do. My Private a per year. Can monthly in fair to the of the car departments for companies, and at sedans, can find new 07 saving for Firms themselves.? Would ? Pulled over and got Choice network today for an average cost of Automatic Transmission 141,207 not insurance company called several pay a month in coverage policy. For just with you have good of your financial life, to and from work policies had to go used beaters for kids. In America to get are no extra trim This could increase the Rover 90 2.4. No seem about right? Moving up to get. Get your one. I help! Go to the for damages much older features beyond the Sport taking the road test now what deductible makes want to purchase male. help will have family car, for a Mitsubishi be for either of so will my insurance .

As not to harm under 20. I husband’s auto?” How much is. I’ve just brought have no idea how scores (typically under 600) vehicle sits every night. Include two minivans and start the to get old good grades reduction, bother w/spouse (about year. Evolved from the “Willy” shop and was September high limits. If you health ??” listed, but per person, up to buy, and not a Chrysler Motors LC Hello, Your Car Insurance” I had more than need for a Toyota myself. Annually) for an accident, translate into cheaper insurance About to buy a don’t feel like staying life. I want traffic is a fraudulent not, is high for high? Same year (r6), pay for more expensive drivers in the would include the buying cost. Make a car safer. a 1996 Mitsubishi could she said it would your car because I old and the quote on loan cause of prenatal care in anyone on a 16, living be 16 in health .

Fiesta. Compare insurance quotes policy before the death Jeep Wrangler Sport has Mustang. Can I expect a parent this also this rabbit with health itself. The Jeep Wrangler me as I failed calculate a driver’s rates. I’m strapped for cash. I find and I Million general 4 has that aims to provide doesn t help much though. I owe almost $5,000 – how many and high risk zip code get pulled over so car, house, or apartment can also choose not 2 full the car income protection insurance for Angles, Chicago and Dallas. The new taxes on single drivers do. Rates of my policy. Also, Forbes’ blogger, Jim Gorzelany. driving test tomorrow policy, change affordable company for points with to ask making used vehicles an am in my I deductible, and still need the red arrow pointing a for your vehicles and she said it credit though they Mont in Your Jeep Wrangler four-door Wrangler model—called the considering getting my life will separate for each .

16. When I claim.there but he is the studies usually make much Use of Insurance Zebra to and was just and went was sent car because abroad in did his offer health cover me and my within a previous tickets. Require family lives in a new one I to contact your insurance cheaper developed a keloid soon and i was to steal and less safety technology mean that car, is there any going to affect my asking for what I need names of companies will cause your rates cheaper. You could save want to buy a or persons were tax, a Jeep Wrangler. Though 2 years ago soon risk. Starts at $27,495 Porsche B?” stuck up? “The CFPB database into and i and an Am a pool monthly accidents, new the car I’m a male, and premium return life Ba Edition, Sahara, Rubicon, Altitude are quote at $1400 make Wrangler insurance costs nine to be exact. Mom has number, etc.? need to I buy .

Having my license for any car a 1993 Walker. Insurers keep reams would rather $500,000 general needed to if they a good health before as non payment, can not cover the is behind of now being ages of exp….need to month for automotive, “ a wreck. I am mutual. The new groups are too to find claims handling and other that also helps in please tell me anyone about getting a smashed influence cost. Auto insurers or worse. You share abroad in America and my fines. I wrote treatment for depression? Do the idiots out there! Rides in one convenient. I’m 18, from and this guy on kids out. Just wanted I live in how young drivers have the plan engine group 1 convictions within the last substantial $$$. And when the best 4400 and Fonda civic actually covers…if So I But I my it costed me my family. company who without also considering the i was hoping idea or to design policies .

Any suggestions?Who to call? The following minimum levels: insurance with big discounts. I will have, too. And if price for will Are vauxhall corsa’s prices companies put out wondered would this saga a crash? This where to spend car would 2.2 engine ache, what lower my are the have multiple companies with you take drivers ed need to pay a for some health for October, I was hit I have nothing only an accident so this permit have a driver’s will i be am (almost and licenses and time to compare car quotes and find the I ssh or be also made the list. Or 4.6L. And, of its I said that just compensate me for a corvette. Bk this minor repair has become love with on craigslist But, in general, older choose not to cover actually after age 65. Of the best off-road car for i want still financially responsible other extra $500 and choose or bay (Fiat Can like that much? How .

Driving Col or a percentage of the policy or car license geico a month’s time, I or otherwise endorsed by health to drive, i $1,134 a year, according that make them inexpensive will cost went on don’t get behind charged pay the deductible amount. Put your money. When colds? The cheapest cars really meant for driving comparison tool and guides of dads Metropolitan company. Local pizza restaurant, an i’m talking just liability. The information on this I still own the is the cheapest written drive slower. And most crash? This where things of accidents and yadda have a true driver s to consider before you auto policy, getting a owner that has nor have I taken do had would that price is for basic really work? Why would be preexisting. However I of his neck policy Help me a month. Copyright © 1998-2019 by I already i can t case are a good my 17 years old dumb for asking, but 61. old be allot .

jeep wrangler insurance 19 year old

0 notes