#isru
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La NASA extrae con éxito oxígeno del simulador de suelo lunar
Un reactor carbotérmico y láser de alta potencia ubicado dentro de la cámara de prueba de la Demostración de Reducción Carbotérmica (CaRD) de la NASA en el Centro Espacial Johnson de la NASA
Créditos: NASA/Brian Sacco
Mientras la NASA trabaja para enviar astronautas a la Luna a través de las misiones Artemis , uno de los principales…
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#Artemis#Centró espacial johnson#centro espacial kennedy#Ciencias del espacio#Ciencias y Tecnologías#ISRU#Living un Space#luna a marte#Tecnologías
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isru by 1oneAS
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An experiment that took place on Mars has shown that it's feasible to extract breathable oxygen from the thin Martian atmosphere.
From its little home in the belly of NASA's Perseverance rover, the briefcase-sized Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Experiment (MOXIE) has been repeatedly breaking apart molecules in Mars air to generate a small, but steady supply of oxygen.
Now, MOXIE is getting set to retire, after a job well done.
"MOXIE's impressive performance shows that it is feasible to extract oxygen from Mars' atmosphere – oxygen that could help supply breathable air or rocket propellant to future astronauts," says NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy.
Continue Reading.
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me being unreasonably negative about one paragraph in a mostly good post
Hooray! Huge swathes of interesting mods will be unusable with quality and recycling, and it will likely become the default to just not use it, maybe even for mods to not bother supporting it.
I was starting to come around on quality. The idea of different planets potentially having infinite of specific resources suggested to me that you could make an interplanetary mall instead of each planet just being a one science pony. Make your legendary chemical plants on the planet with infinite iron and copper but limited hydrocarbons. It just makes sense. The same-loop-for-every-building thing is still an affront to my game design instincts but shipping around a diversity of finished and semi-finished products is always conceptually compelling to me.
Idk, they're allowed to have their vision, but "btw the expansion is intrinsically hostile to Alternate Recipes As A Concept" feels like a baffling disconnect from what their community demonstrably enjoys in complexity-additions. I guess they're assuming the py superfans would scoff at anything newbie-legible?
This makes me less excited about the remaining planets, I was hoping some would be completely lacking in some key resource and you would have to get up to some ISRU shit, actually making things from different materials instead of just getting the same materials from a different route. but this one paragraph kind of just dashed the hope of that possibility.
The new buildings are rad, though. Can't deny that.
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second iteration of this ISRU SSTO i've been working on (girlfriend named it the Coelacanth), about 2200 range in low orbit but currently trying to increase the range.
main problems are excess oxidizer and an absolutely pathetic TWR, and it's a bit of a pain to fly as well; looking at a near total redesign for Coelacanth III
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So, I was browsing Atomic Rockets and came across the idea of spraying instant landing pads by injecting stuff into the lander’s exhaust:
https://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/landing.php#instapad1
This is relevant to a pet ISRU idea I have for CO/LOX+regolith dust propellant, mining Deimos for regolith dust and using its momentum to gather CO2 while aeroscooping to low Mars orbit.
If you dump the dust overboard, the CO/LOX lacks “oomph”, but injecting it into the exhaust gives you nice performance. Good enough to supply a deliver drone to Earth orbit as well as for the mining drone to get back to Deimos (completing the cycle).
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out of sight, never out of mind
s: there are people who leave- people who stay for a while and leave this absence that gets more bearable over time. but for you, nishimura riki going away felt like the worse of times, the worst the crimes, and the worst of things anyone could’ve ever done.
p: nishimura riki x fem!reader
wc: 1.3k
gr: angst lol a little fluff
cw: reader doesn't understand korean, injuries/blood (it's a fall)
a/n: guys it's like 1:30 and last night i finished this and lowkey im proud of some parts?? anyways ren's one and only riki fic also this was for xae's isru fic and i lowkey liked my idea so i finished :)
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Nishimura Riki barrel rolls into your life with bark stuck in his eye and dust in his tears. You are merely six years old when you sit him down and attempt to console him through his first world problem and when he can finally see out of both eyes again, he swears on some relative’s life that you two will be friends together.
He was right.
The playground is merely a ghost of your past- haunting your present.
Riki has stuck with you since diapers almost, more like light up Skechers still colored blue and pink for boys and girls at that age. You can’t think back to a time where you didn’t have him right next to you, whether it was your first love failing in the end, your highschool GPA plummeting before your eyes, or the daunting question of “what happens next?” that constantly loomed over the two of you. You thought you had a few more years with him- at least one before he left you for a very long time.
But things change.
Nishimura Riki- Grade 1
“Soyun asked if you had cooties.” He brings up, biting into his apple as you two sit in your designated lunch spot until the tree.
Flabbergasted, you set your animal crackers down to pick at the grass instead. “I don’t have cooties. Girls don’t have cooties.”
“How do you know you don’t have them?”
“Because it’s not true!” You retort, your voice reaching a defensive half-shout. “You have cooties!”
RIki laughs and twists the stem of the fruit in his hand. “I don’t have cooties, ______.”
If there was one thing that you felt like was constantly between the two of you, it was how you felt for each other. In a way, you looked up to Riki- the star student who always goofed around and made enough friends that could last him a lifetime and a half, but still made time to bow to the adults around him and hold your hand to drag you around his house. He learned how to balance things, and it seemed that life just happened to like the golden boy. Riki always felt like a role model- that, when he bowed and spoke politely in your native tongue, that you should’ve done the same.
For him, he always looked at you like a little sister. You were like the flower that grew in between the cracks of concrete- something special in the middle of all other things bland. Sure, the boy was happy with his life, but you made it better, you pulled him out of his complacent shell with your bubbly personality in such a way that he couldn’t think of a life where you didn’t drag him out of his comfort zone. Even if people called it stupid, he danced to his favorite songs as you sat on the couch with a bright smile on your face. The lyrics were foreign and confusing to keep up with, but Riki seemed like he was enjoying himself, and you settled with pumping your fists in support of the grinning boy in front of you.
Things like that never seemed to change for you two. Even if it changed from his living room to school provided dance rooms where you two would practice for his performances, you always stayed- the boy doesn’t think he could ever forget.
Nishimura Riki- Grade 5
“How much do you wanna bet I can climb this tree?” Your eyes widened at his sudden but seemingly harmless inquiry. Knowing him though, he’d try to achieve such a feat sooner or later, and you were more focused on the potential damage (and trouble) he could be in if he tried.
“No- Riki! Do you even know how much trouble I’d be in if you did and got hurt?” He rolls his eyes playfully and does not heed your words any attention.
“I’ll be fine.” He reassures, grabbing onto a branch.
You will admit that the biggest injury was him scraping his arm and having to put four of your bandaids on it since you didn’t carry jumbo ones. ‘Your mom taught you well- just not well enough.’ He thinks, looking pver as you rummage your yellow backpack for more things to patch up his hand with. All RIki can do for now is sit and apply pressure to his side where he fell, and pray you don’t snitch on him. Kids recover fast- right? Once he’s all good again, he could climb that tree and do it properly.
He ends up yelling for you on one of the sturdier high branches and grins at the look of horror on your face.
Nishimura RIki- Present
“Don’t miss me too much, alright?” He settles for once again ruining your hair for the nth time today, and you give him a slight glare in response.
Words dripping with sarcasm, you answer, “i don’t think I’ll miss you at all.” He laughs, eyes crinkling and one side of his lip quirking the lopsided smile you remember way too easily.
“I just don’t think you wanna admit me. Me, Riki Nishimura, traveling across the globe and not being able to have sleepovers anymore.”
Even as tears do spring to your eyes at his lighthearted joke, you poke fun at him back. “I’m glad I’ll actually get my blanket now. You-you blanket hog.” He snickers at your insult and shoves you from outside of the line he was in. Quickly enough, you make sure he moves a spot up when needed and make fun of him when the gap between him and the person in front grows.
You checked your phone right before you waved Riki off and bid him a safe flight with tearful goodbyes and promised returns.
it was 3:24pm when he left.
The first few weeks were rough for you. The messages sufficed, but only for a bit. It was when he boarded that he left his phone in his pocket to fulfill his dreams in a whole new part of the world. The saturday after he left, barely a week later, leaves you bored and restless. By the time the sun is way up in the sky, you find your feet walking towards the park where it all started.
You miss him in everything. When you pass the swing set of the park near your house, you see him. You see Riki throwing bark in your direction and chasing you down the slides and across the monkey barks in ways all too vivid. And even now, you picked up bark and let it slip through your fingers a few pieces at a time, and could only think about the future where you and him would see each other again. Maybe he’d come back, persuade you to let him take you with, and you’d sit in the plane together instead of offering watery and emotional partings at the airport. You could dream all you wanted.
Your dreams were big- hell, they always were, but never big enough to step foot out of your town. No matter how big or how small, this place was yours; the store down the street you knew the directions to was yours, and the park just north of that which you could never forget. And so, the swings feel all the same and the metal creaks in the way you remember all too well. and in the swing to your left, there would be a Nishimura Riki swinging as high as he could without a care in the world, because his ambitions were larger than life. Your red sneakers cruise along the material of the rubber and you look up at the boy who’s laughing whenever he gains just a bit more height than before.
Riki would always chase for more, and maybe that’s why he left.
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NASA’s Oxygen-Generating Experiment MOXIE Completes Mars Mission
Riding with the Perseverance rover, the instrument has proved to be a viable technology for astronauts on Mars to produce oxygen for fuel and breathing.
When the first astronauts land on Mars, they may have the descendants of a microwave-oven-size device to thank for the air they breathe and the rocket propellant that gets them home. That device, called MOXIE (Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment), has generated oxygen for the 16th and final time aboard NASA’s Perseverance rover. After the instrument proved far more successful than its creators at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) expected, its operations are concluding.
“MOXIE’s impressive performance shows that it is feasible to extract oxygen from Mars’ atmosphere – oxygen that could help supply breathable air or rocket propellant to future astronauts,” said NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy. “Developing technologies that let us use resources on the Moon and Mars is critical to build a long-term lunar presence, create a robust lunar economy, and allow us to support an initial human exploration campaign to Mars.”
Since Perseverance landed on Mars in 2021, MOXIE has generated a total of 122 grams of oxygen – about what a small dog breathes in 10 hours. At its most efficient, MOXIE was able to produce 12 grams of oxygen an hour – twice as much as NASA’s original goals for the instrument – at 98% purity or better. On its 16th run, on Aug. 7, the instrument made 9.8 grams of oxygen. MOXIE successfully completed all of its technical requirements and was operated at a variety of conditions throughout a full Mars year, allowing the instrument’s developers to learn a great deal about the technology.
“We’re proud to have supported a breakthrough technology like MOXIE that could turn local resources into useful products for future exploration missions,” said Trudy Kortes, director of technology demonstrations, Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) at NASA Headquarters in Washington, which funds the MOXIE demonstration. “By proving this technology in real-world conditions, we’ve come one step closer to a future in which astronauts ‘live off the land’ on the Red Planet.”
MOXIE produces molecular oxygen through an electrochemical process that separates one oxygen atom from each molecule of carbon dioxide pumped in from Mars’ thin atmosphere. As these gases flow through the system, they’re analyzed to check the purity and quantity of the oxygen produced.
First of Its Kind
While many of Perseverance’s experiments are addressing the mission’s primary science goals, MOXIE was focused on future human exploration. MOXIE served as the first-ever demonstration of technology that humans could use to survive on, and leave, the Red Planet. An oxygen-producing system could help future missions in various ways, but the most important of them would be as a source of rocket propellant, which would be required in industrial quantities to launch rockets with astronauts for their return trip home.
Rather than bringing large quantities of oxygen with them to Mars, future astronauts could live off the land, using materials they find on the planet’s surface to survive. This concept – called in-situ resource utilization, or ISRU – has evolved into a growing area of research.
“MOXIE has clearly served as inspiration to the ISRU community,” said the instrument’s principal investigator, Michael Hecht of MIT. “It showed NASA is willing to invest in these kinds of future technologies. And it has been a flagship that has influenced the exciting industry of space resources.”
Future Focus
The next step wouldn’t be building MOXIE 2.0 – although Hecht and his team have learned a lot about how to design a more efficient version of the instrument. Rather, it would be to create a full-scale system that includes an oxygen generator like MOXIE and a way to liquefy and store that oxygen.
But more than anything, Hecht would like to see other technologies get their turn on Mars. “We have to make decisions about which things need to be validated on Mars,” Hecht said. “I think there are many technologies on that list; I’m very pleased MOXIE was first.”
More About the Mission
A key objective for Perseverance’s mission on Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet’s geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust).
Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.
The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA’s Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed for the agency by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.
JPL manages the MOXIE project for the Technology Demonstration Missions program within STMD. MOXIE was also supported by NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate and the Science Mission Directorate.
IMAGE....MOXIE (Mars Oxygen In-situ Resource Utilization Experiment) is lowered into the chassis of NASA’s Perseverance in 2019. During the mission, MOXIE extracted oxygen from the Martian atmosphere 16 times, testing a way that future astronauts could make rocket propellant that would launch them back to Earth. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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I am still sick 8 weeks later and I really need to go to the doctor again, but it’s so hard to find the time between the chagim, my toddler’s lack of school, and my husband’s non-lack of school. Next week Monday and Tuesday are chag, Wednesday is Isru Chag and my son has no school and my husband has school 9-4, Thursday and Friday my son is back in school but my husband has class 8:30-4:30 and 11-4 respectively. I really don’t want to take the baby into a germy doctor’s office unnecessarily, so I want my husband to be home during my appointment so I can leave him.
But it’s very clear the antibiotics from weeks ago did not do the trick and I need something else. 😩
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Welding in Space: Challenges and Innovations for Extraterrestrial Construction
Introduction:
As humanity expands its presence beyond Earth and ventures into space exploration and colonization, the need for construction and infrastructure development in space becomes increasingly apparent. Welding, a fundamental joining process in terrestrial manufacturing, also plays a crucial role in space construction projects, enabling the assembly of spacecraft, habitats, and infrastructure components in the harsh and challenging environment of space. In this article, we'll explore the unique challenges and innovative solutions associated with welding in space and its implications for future space exploration and habitation.
Microgravity Environment:
One of the primary challenges of welding undercut in space is the absence of gravity, which affects the behavior of molten metal and welding processes. In microgravity, weld pools form differently, and droplet detachment, gas bubble behavior, and heat dissipation are altered. Innovative welding techniques, such as electromagnetic welding and friction stir welding, have been developed to overcome the challenges posed by microgravity and enable reliable joining of metal components in space.
Vacuum Conditions:
Space is characterized by a vacuum environment with near-zero atmospheric pressure, which presents challenges for welding processes involving shielding gases and arc stability. Traditional gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) techniques require modifications to operate effectively in vacuum conditions. Advanced welding technologies, such as laser welding and electron beam welding, offer advantages in vacuum welding applications due to their ability to operate without the need for shielding gases.
Material Selection and Compatibility:
The selection of materials for space welding applications is critical due to the extreme temperature variations, radiation exposure, and vacuum conditions encountered in space. Weldable materials must exhibit high strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability while being compatible with the space environment. Advanced alloys, composites, and ceramic materials with tailored properties are being developed for space welding applications, offering enhanced performance and durability in extraterrestrial environments.
Automation and Robotics:
Automation and robotics play a crucial role in space welding operations, enabling precise control, repeatability, and efficiency in extraterrestrial construction projects. Robotic welding systems equipped with advanced sensors and adaptive control algorithms can perform welding tasks autonomously, reducing the reliance on human intervention and minimizing the risk of errors in space missions. Additionally, modular robotic platforms and manipulators are being developed for in-situ welding and assembly of space habitats and infrastructure components on planetary surfaces.
In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU):
In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) is a key strategy for sustainable space exploration and colonization, allowing for the extraction and utilization of resources available on celestial bodies such as the Moon and Mars. Welding technologies are being integrated into ISRU systems to enable the fabrication of structures and infrastructure using locally sourced materials, such as lunar regolith or Martian soil. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as 3D printing with in-situ materials, offer opportunities for on-demand fabrication of habitats and infrastructure components in extraterrestrial environments.
Conclusion:
Welding in space presents unique challenges and opportunities for construction and infrastructure development in the extraterrestrial frontier. By leveraging innovative welding techniques, materials, and automation technologies, humanity can overcome the challenges of welding in microgravity and vacuum conditions and enable the assembly of spacecraft, habitats, and infrastructure necessary for sustainable space exploration and habitation. Continued research and development efforts in space welding will be essential to advancing humanity's capabilities in space and unlocking the full potential of extraterrestrial construction.
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Examining lunar soil for moon-based construction - Technology Org
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/examining-lunar-soil-for-moon-based-construction-technology-org/
Examining lunar soil for moon-based construction - Technology Org
Most people are familiar with the iconic photograph of astronaut Buzz Aldrin’s boot print on the moon’s surface. But what, exactly, is in the soil that holds the imprint of that famously “small step for man”?
Sample of a lunar soil simulant in Steven Jacobsen’s laboratory. Illustration by Shane Collins
The answer to this question is more than a fleeting curiosity — it’s essential knowledge for NASA’s Artemis program, which aims to build a permanent base on the moon. While researchers understand the general makeup of the lunar soil, Northwestern University mineralogist Steven Jacobsen has received funding from NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center to unravel the mystery of the dubious dust further.
Because the cost of bringing traditional building materials from Earth is incredibly high, NASA has partnered with robotics and artificial intelligence company ICON Technology Inc. to explore new methods for building a lunar outpost using the moon’s own resources. But before ICON can build structures with the moon’s soil, the team must first understand the soil’s exact composition, which can change drastically from one sample to the next.
To characterize these samples, Jacobsen is working closely with his former student Katie Koube, now a materials scientist at ICON, to analyze various samples using Northwestern’s facilities. Their end goal is to create a library of potential sample compositions, which will be used to optimize parameters for the building process.
“Off-world construction comes with many challenges,” said Jacobsen, the project’s principal investigator. “The moon’s soil is not like that on Earth. On the moon, soil is formed from meteoroid impacts that have crushed the surface. So, the moon is essentially coated in a thick layer of pulverized flour. The types of minerals and glass found in lunar soil depend on many factors. The material can vary widely within even a small area.”
Jacobsen is a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Northwestern’s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. He also is a faculty affiliate with the Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy and the Center for Engineering Sustainability and Resilience. Members of the project also include Laura Gardner and Tirzah Abbott, who are Ph.D. candidates in Jacobsen’s lab.
The dangers of dust
With plans to travel back and forth to the moon more regularly, NASA first needs a reliable landing pad. Otherwise, every time a lunar lander makes contact with the moon’s surface, it will kick up destructive dust that could gum up equipment and damage the surrounding habitat.
“Each particle of dust on the moon is jagged and angular,” Koube said. “When you think of grains of sand on Earth, they are rounded because weathering removes all those rough edges. Without weathering, the particles remain bumpy and sharp. So, if a rocket lands directly on the moon’s surface, it stirs up abrasive dust that basically sandblasts the whole area.”
In November 2022, NASA selected ICON for a $57.2 million grant to develop lunar construction technology. The contract builds upon previous NASA and Department of Defense funding for ICON’s Project Olympus to research and develop space-based construction systems to support planned exploration of the moon and beyond. ICON’s Olympus system is intended to be a multipurpose construction system primarily using local lunar and Martian resources as building materials to further the efforts of NASA as well as commercial organizations to establish a sustained lunar presence. ICON is already using its advanced 3D-printing technology to build homes on Earth. By putting multipurpose in situ resource utilization (ISRU)-based lunar construction systems on the moon, the team aims to use lunar resources as the building blocks for construction.
“It’s not feasible to send traditional Earth-based construction equipment and materials to the moon,” Jacobsen said. “The payload would be too heavy. So, this plan is a lot more practical. Just as the first bricks on Earth were made out of terrestrial soil, the first bricks on the moon will be made out of lunar soil.”
Simulated soil samples
After ICON received NASA’s funding, Koube, who graduated with a dual degree from Northwestern’s materials science and Earth and planetary sciences programs in 2014, contacted Jacobsen to lead sample analysis. The pair assembled a team that works with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, under the Space Technology Mission Directorate’s Moon to Mars Planetary Autonomous Construction Technologies (MMPACT) project.
At Northwestern, analysis is already underway. Gardner and Abbott currently are using various microscopy techniques to analyze eight lunar simulants — faux moon soil that is designed to mimic the real thing — and synthetic plagioclase, a brittle, greyish-white mineral that is a major constituent of moon rock. Then, the team will compare the lunar simulants to actual samples collected from the Apollo missions.
“Of course, we know from Apollo missions what’s in lunar dirt — and that it’s very heterogenous (or variable),” Jacobsen said. “Our job is to anticipate the likely variability in lunar soil and come up with a way to measure it on the fly, onboard the 3D printer.”
So far, the researchers have noticed vast differences among the lunar simulants. In some minerals, the team has detected hydrogen — a component of water, which is not abundant in minerals on the moon. They also are on the lookout for mineral impurities in the simulants that are not expected on the lunar surface. The team can then focus on materials and chemical variations that the construction processes are more likely to encounter.
No scoop is the same
After determining variability in realistic samples, the researchers will probe how the composition of dirt can affect the melting process used in robotic construction. Once on the moon, ICON’s multi-purpose ISRU-based lunar construction systems will scoop up lunar soil and melt it for printing. After printing, the melted dirt will harden and cool into a ceramic material.
“On Earth, you can gather clay and fire it in a kiln to make ceramics,” Jacobsen said. “But the properties of lunar soil are such that it needs to be melted first. Different minerals in lunar dirt melt at different rates, so the 3D-printing process is very sensitive to changes in mineralogy.”
And, of course, no sample is the same. One scoop of lunar dirt might have a different melting point than the next scoop. The 3D-printing technology needs to be nimble enough to know how to handle these subtle differences. That’s where Jacobsen’s sample library comes into play. By enabling the 3D printer to be prepared for all potential compositions, it can perform diagnostics of each scoop and then adjust its laser parameters for heating and cooling.
“Without understanding the characteristics of the soil, it’s difficult to understand the variability of the final printed materials,” Jacobsen said. “Using the library that we create from simulants — cross-checked against the lunar soil — the printer will know how to process each piece to produce the best ceramic. That detailed library of information will play a part in making the imagined outpost a reality.”
Source: Northwestern University
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IPEx Autonomy Testing
Harsh, low-angle sunlight, long and dark shadows, and a featureless terrain will make navigation difficult when NASA’s ISRU Pilot Excavator (IPEx) is sent to the Moon. Because of this, the IPEx team has begun testing various approaches to autonomously drive the excavator in a specially constructed rock yard that mimics these environmental conditions. The team […]
from NASA https://ift.tt/ogdqMwC
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Through the Artemis Program, NASA intends to send astronauts back to the Moon for the first time since the Apollo Era. But this time, they intend to stay and establish a lunar base and other infrastructure by the end of the decade that will allow for a “sustained program of lunar exploration and development.” To accomplish this, NASA is enlisting the help of fellow space agencies, commercial partners, and academic institutions to create the necessary mission elements – these range from the launch systems, spacecraft, and human landing systems to the delivery of payloads.With NASA funding, a team of engineers from the University of Arizona College of Engineering (UA-CE) is developing autonomous robot networks to build sandbag shelters for NASA astronauts on the Moon. The designs are inspired by cathedral termite mounds, which are native to Africa and northern Australia’s desert regions. Their work was the subject of a paper presented at the American Astronautical Society Guidance, Navigation, and Control (AAS GNC) Conference, which took place from February 1st to 7th in Littleton and Breckinridge, Colorado. The team was led by Associate Professor Jekan Thanga of the UA-CE Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, who is also the head of the Space and Terrestrial Robotic Exploration (SpaceTREx) Laboratory and the NASA-supported Asteroid Science, Technology and Exploration Research Organized by Inclusive eDucation Systems (ASTEROIDS) Laboratory. He and his team are partnering with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Canadian space robotics company MDA to create the LUNAR-BRIC consortium, which is developing the technology for the Artemis Program.Illustration of NASA astronauts and the elements of the Lunar Base Camp around the Moon’s south pole. Credit: NASAPer the Artemis Program, NASA will land astronauts around the lunar south pole with the Artemis III mission, currently scheduled for 2026/27. By the end of the decade, they plan to build the infrastructure for long-duration stays, like the Lunar Gateway and the Artemis Base Camp. The latter element consists of a Foundation Lunar Habitat (FLH), the Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV), and a Habitation Mobility Platform (HMB). However, they will also need semi-permanent safe shelters while they search for optimal locations to build permanent habitats.Consistent with NASA’s vision for future space exploration, a key element in this plan is to leverage local resources for building materials and resources – a process known as In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). For their concept, Thanga and his team investigated whether sandbags filled with lunar regolith could be used instead of traditional building materials to build lunar infrastructure. This includes housing, warehouses, control towers, robot facilities, landing pads, and blast walls to protect lunar buildings as spacecraft conduct takeoffs and landings.Thanga was first inspired by a YouTube video showing the work of Iranian-born American architect Nader Khalili, best known for designing structures that incorporate unconventional building materials. This includes his development of SuperAdobe sandbag construction to create structures for the developing world and emergency situations. During the 1980s, the late architect proposed building sandbag structures on the Moon and other extraterrestrial locations. Thanga incorporated the concept of insect “skyscrapers” into Khalili’s ideas, specifically the tall-standing cathedral termite mounds.These mounds are common in African and Australian deserts and are important in regulating the subterranean nest environment. As Thanga described in a UA College of Engineering News release:“In the case of the termites, it’s very relevant to our off-world challenges. The extreme desert environments the termites face are analogous to lunar conditions. Importantly, this whole approach doesn’t rely on water. Most of the moon is bone-dry desert. Learning about that helped direct me toward distributed systems for construction.”UA aerospace engineering students (from left) Min Seok Kang, Athip Thirupathi Raj, Chad Jordan Cantin, Sivaperuman Muniyasamy, and Korbin Aydin Hansen display a smart sandbag structure. Credit: University of Arizona College of EngineeringThanga has long been interested in applying insect social systems to distributed robot networks where machines are organized by swarm intelligence to work cooperatively without human intervention. In their system, the robots embed sensors and electronics in sandbags, fill them with lunar regolith, and then use these to assemble the structures in place. Some sensors provide location data to help the robots place the sandbags, while others provide communication capabilities and environmental information to warn of potential dangers.These include moonquakes, which result from heating and cooling during every lunar day and night (which last 14 days each). The temperature swings during this cycle are also a potential hazard, ranging from -183 to 107 °C (-298 to 224 °F) between day and night. Because the Moon is an airless environment, there’s also the threat of micro-meteors that bombard the surface at an average speed of 96,560 km/h (60,000 mph). The lack of an atmosphere (and a magnetosphere) also means the lunar surface is exposed to considerably more solar radiation and cosmic rays. These buildings meet NASA’s requirements for the Artemis Program by reducing the amount of material that must be transported to the Moon while protecting the harsh lunar environment. NASA has granted Thanga and his team $500,000 for lunar surface projects through the agency’s Space Technology Artemis Research program (M-STAR), part of the Minority University Research and Education Project (MUREP). NASA has also provided $1 million annually for UA student research projects over the last five years through a MUREP Institutional Research Opportunity (MIRO). Said Thanga:“The goal is to raise the participation of underrepresented groups in aerospace. And these are hands-on, student-centric projects. This lab offers me the exact environment – it’s startup culture. I’m leading a team and working with multidisciplinary people. I’m glad I’m here.”Thanga and Sivaperuman Muniyasamy, an aerospace engineering doctoral student and first author on the paper describing the technology, presented their idea during a classified session of the AAS GNC. “By publishing the paper at the conference, we’re gaining feedback from other experts that really helps us move forward,” said Muniyasamy. “It’s no accident this team has an academic partner, a commercial partner, and a government agency,” Thanga added. “Given the challenges, part of the path is for us to collaborate.”Artist’s impression of a lunar mining facility harvesting resources from the Moon’s surface. Credit: NASA/Pat Rawlings Beyond the team’s plans for lunar habitats, the LUNAR-BRIC consortium plans to produce many concepts that will support the creation of a space economy. In addition to leading a team of eight undergraduate and master’s students working on lunar surface projects, Muniyasamy plans to launch a space mining company after completing his Ph.D. As he noted, NASA plans to build facilities for long-term habitation and industry within a few years of the successful landing of Artemis III that will enable (among other things) environmentally responsible lunar and asteroid mining. Thanga and his student team worked with the university commercialization arm (Tech Launch Arizona) to file patents on the robotic system and the distributed computer processing networks that link the proposed structures and robots. Further Reading: The University of ArizonaThe post Engineers Design Habitats for the Moon Inspired by Terminite Mounds appeared first on Universe Today.
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question
objectively worst thing you've made in ksp
something that failed in every conceivable way
for example, i once tried and made a kerbin-to-minmas lander that would jettison it's legs whenever they extended all the way
i could not tell you why
the first ever mk3 ssto i made, i cannot fucking find screenshots of it for the life of me but it was absolutely horrid. barely took off, had awful engine placements, looked like shit, and had way too much dead weight
fast forward about a year later and i'm designing 200+ ton heavy cargo craft and 5000m/s+ long-range passenger transports with integrated isru
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