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#it's basically a wagon axle with a seat
axesent · 1 year
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With the expansion of the model program in the 90s, Volkswagen shifted its focus to high-tech solutions in volume. It is therefore not surprising that even the smallest series – of the Lupo – became a technology carrier: with the three- cylinder money diesel in 3 liters, the direct petrol injector FSI and the GTI with 1.6- Liter four-valve. What VW boss Ferdinand Piëch was not enough: In 1998 he had – implant a real high-performance engine in the Lupo 15 years after the sharp trade wind –, which brought extensive new constructions with it.
Because the engine compartment of the Lupo surprisingly offered more space than the Polo, a 1.8 turbo could be accommodated there. No, not the five-valve with 150 HP as he was in Golf and Passat – the 225 HP EA113 engine of the Audi TT had to be forced into the front compartment! As a precaution, the front axle was moved forward by 15 mm, which minimally increased the wheelbase. Incidentally, a VR4, which was about to be ready for series production, was originally intended to be the basic engine for Lupo, Polo and Golf.
However, the front-wheel drive was not expected to bring the power completely onto the road. Whereupon an independent all-wheel drive – was developed, which has been known since the end of the 90s, Haldex system – and a redesigned underbody. Also new were the longitudinal double wishbone rear axle ( from Golf IV Syncro ) with differential lock, the wheel suspensions and disc brakes all around. An MQ250 six-gyng gearbox ensured the power transmission. Finally, more than 230 km / h of peak were determined for the 1,140 kg wagon.
For the light, more fluid body, you could use assemblies from the Lupo Cup racing vehicle. Larger intakes take into account the increased need for cooling air. Fender widening arches around the wide 2015/40 WR16-Zöller ( Dunlop ) to 6.5 J 15 rims. The track width grew by 25 mm at the front and 80 mm at the rear. The tank is filled using a quick release. The interior with the two racing bowl seats and the red Schroth belts – behind it a net-shaped cover of the luggage compartment – is bristling with colored accents. Including the » Lupo Sport « lettering – embroidered everywhere up to the cover of the warning triangle and first aid kit. None other than ItalDesign had supported the mold optimization.
It was seriously considered to bring the small speedster, which was designed as a two-seater, to the market as a » Sport « model in small series. But market research predicted too little sales – too bad. After all, the bright yellow car was seen as a pace car at the DTM – then the project was put on file. And forget. Here in the Volkswagen Classic magazine it is brought back into the public eye for the first time.
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theartingace · 3 years
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Horses are really fragile animals. Is it still a death sentence for a centaur if one of their equine limbs gets hurt? Or can they help it somehow?
Oh god, now I'm thinking of amputees and how those would work
Horses are SUPER fragile, or maybe more like delicately balanced.. but particularly their crazy spindle-legs which centaurs get to deal with! But a big part of why hurt legs are a death sentence for horses has less to do with "It kills them" and more to do with quality of life, which a centaur can get around! A horse with a broken leg doesn't understand it can't put ANY weight on that leg for an extended period and will attempt to go about their daily life and act normally, which basically guarantees re-injuring the bad leg and a high chance of injuring the other 3 legs as they try to cope with the change in balance and weight distribution. It all leads to a really poor quality of life with almost no chance of truly healing properly. The story of all they did trying to save Barbaro the racehorse is a long sad story that illustrates a lot of the issues even with modern veterinary medicine with trying to deal with a broken leg in horses.
Thankfully with centaurs, They understand the need for healing, are able to manage their own quality of life and have the gear to support themselves in the time it takes for the injury to heal!
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Also perfectly good for long term use in the case of aging, amputation, or general disability! Which is common with the front legs and lower backs of centaurs given the unusual stresses caused by their body-plans. They were created with thicker and more robust front legs to cope with the permanent added weight of the torso instead of a horse head, but injury and disability in that area is still very common!
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Injuries to the hind are less common and usually less severe, and given the hind legs bear less direct weight than the front they can usually get away with wraps and limping until it gets back to weight-bearing. Something like a rear amputation or ruptured tendon would probably require a custom harness/brace attached to a wheel like these and/or basically a peg leg!
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10. Dark Skies
CW: Implied eating of humanoid people
Something tapped her nose. The tapping spread from her cheeks to her forehead and nose all at once. Mirage opened her eyes as more raindrops pattered against her face. The sky, only a few hours ago a bright blue with some puffy white clouds, was now a deep purple-black. Thunder rumbled when Mirage shot up. She glanced around her and saw the whole campsite was empty. The other trainees’ bed rolls were where they had left them. Mirage swore, grabbing her hat next to her bedroll, and got to her feet. She was late. 
It was time for the five trainees to prove their full fledged membership. A few days earlier, the five of them, Mirage, Josephine, Hayden, Ida, and Leonard had set out from Beggar's Canyon towards their mission’s hotspot. A band of werejackals had amassed quite a fortune from attacking wagon trains traveling between remote towns. Because of all the murders and robberies, that particular trail was abandoned. But rumor had it the werejackals still staked out the road, waiting for more travelers. More importantly, they sat on their mounds of treasure. Since it wasn’t doing anything good for anybody, the Caravan thought it would be perfect for the recruits to find it. The recruits were given a time to strike and Mirage had just slept right through it. 
“Shit, shit, horse shit,” she hissed to herself. 
She headed down the cliffside towards the outcropping of mesas where the werejackals’ hideout was supposed to be. It would be easy enough to find; Mirage just had to follow the old wagon tracks that were baked into the ground winding its way between the small mesas. It was the ground coverage she needed to make up for. As she ran, Mirage focused her inner energy and tapped into the wellspring Arabella and Ransom called ki. Like a jolt of strong coffee, Mirage felt her stride lengthen and she instantly covered more ground. She slowed her pace when between the mesas. The only sound she heard was her footsteps, an occasional rumble of thunder, and the increasing patter of raindrops against rocks above. 
About halfway through the pass, Mirage came around a bend. The bend led into a large open space, the rock walls of the two mesas now about fifty feet apart. Broken wagon wheels lay next to their snapped wooden axles and tattered canvas fluttered from the husks of wagon coverings. Barrel staves, the barrels themselves long ago torn open, were now rusted halos in the dirt. Close to the center of the wreckage, was a small fire. Two humanoid creatures hunched over it and spoke to a massive figure on the opposite side of it. From what Mirage could see, the creature had an animal like body but a human torso and head. There was a stack of humanoid figures next to it. Red eyes glanced over and saw Mirage’s horrified expression.
“Well boys, you must have missed one,” the voice said, clear as a church bell among the rain. 
“Nah, your majesty,'' a voice said near Mirage’s right side, “We’ve been tracking her since we heard her. These boots these fools wear sure are a dead giveaway, huh?”
Mirage struck out where she thought the person was. Her fist grazed coarse fur. 
“Tsk, tsk,” the werejackal said, already moving away from Miage. “Feisty. Mind if we play with your food again, your majesty?”
“Quiet, Rylan,” the creature ordered. “Come here, little one. Come closer. I want to see you up close.”
When Mirage didn’t move, the werejackal closer to her whispered, “Better listen, numbskull.”
Against her better judgement, Mirage slowly moved closer. She heard two additional werejackals join from her left as the original one on her right followed close behind. Five total and the monster on the other side. She racked her brain trying to remember if a monster was ever discussed in the mission briefing. All she remembered discussing were werejackals: basic humanoid creatures that worked in small packs. Mirage knew she would have remembered a mission involving a half mountain lion person. 
Now that she was closer to the fire, Mirage could see the mysterious creature. From the top up, she was the most beautiful woman Mirage had ever seen. Long gold hair hung in a braid on either side of the woman’s face. A jewel toned cowboy hat graced her head. Her cheekbones were sharp enough to cut rope and the red eyes, hot like embers, regarded Mirage carefully. She wasn’t wearing a shirt, just layers of necklaces, all gold and encrusted with turquoise, jade, and obsidian. Her sun-baked skin melted into the lower half of a mountain lion, but five times bigger. Four massive paws ended in bloodied claws and her lion’s tail flicked in the dirt. The rain did little to diminish the presence this creature had. 
“Who are you?” Mirage blurted out. “What are you doing here? You weren’t...this wasn’t… where are the others?”
“Others?” the creature repeated, her tone full of mockery. “You don’t possibly mean the four heroes dressed like you?” She leaned forward, adding, “Though you have a different colored bandanna.”
“Yeah, I mean them,” Mirage replied. “Where are they?”
The werejackals all around her started snickering, their high pitched giggles mixing with the next roll of thunder. 
The creature smiled and shushed them. Pointing over to the pile, “Care to join them, little one?” she asked. 
Further out, Mirage couldn’t make out who was in the pile of bodies, but now that she was closer, she saw them all. Hayden’s black boots they’d bragged about stealing, Ida’s hand woven belt, Leonard’s shaggy green hair, Josephine’s red bandanna; the bodies were her fellow recruits. Mirage stumbled backwards and looked back at the creature. 
“H-how? They were all trained, we are all trained-” Mirage said.
“Trained in the mysterious powers of ki, right?” the creature replied. “I happen to know a lot about ki and how to get into little peasants' minds that seem to work like you and yours formerly. Honestly, in hindsight I should have just commanded them all to serve me, but I was just so hungry. And a little tender meat is a favorite of mine. Turn one against the others and it is just a wonderful show with a meal afterwards”
The creature took something off the fire. Mirage watched as the hunk of meat disappeared into the monster’s very human mouth. While chewing, she sighed, “There’s two things in life I live for. Tender meat and treasure. Speaking of, y’all were trying to steal from me.”
“Y’all weren’t doing anything with it, nothing useful to nobody!” Mirage said. “Your money could help people, people who really need it.”
A pink tongue licked a bit of blood from the corner of the creature’s mouth. “Or I could keep it and admire it. Which I find much more appealing than what you suggested.”
“Your majesty, I hear people approaching!” one of the werejackals in the back hissed. 
The creature’s lips pursed. “Maybe that message they were sending did get out.” 
“Do we fight?” the werejackal to the right of Mirage asked.
“Let’s see what they want,” was the reply. “You, little one. I suggest you remain where you are but turn and face them.”
Mirage was going to tell her to go to hell but oddly enough felt her body turning away from the fire. She tried to twist back but couldn’t. Having her back to an enemy so unknown to her sent Mirage’s mind into overdrive. She tried to meditate and focus on breathing like Ransom and Arabella taught her to, but it wasn’t working. Giving up, Mirage opened her eyes as a dozen or so members of the Caravan came around the bend. Seeing what was before them, almost In perfect unison, they all shifted into fighting stances. 
A raspy voice shouted something over in a language Mirage didn’t understand. Seeing the orange kerchief, Mirage assumed it was Jolene, one of the Caravan leaders. The creature replied something back in the same language, the creature’s voice sounding unimpressed. The conversation picked up speed and increased in volume between the two and Mirage understood none of it. After what felt like an eternity, the strange compulsion to remain where she was, faded. Freedom returning, Mirage pitched forward and kept moving that direction, trying to put as much distance as she could between her and the creature. Arms grabbed her in a fierce hug and Mirage panicked, shoving the person away. 
“Eolian, it’s me,” Arabella said. 
She grabbed Mirage’s shoulders and forced her to stand still. The tiefling was panting and there was a sheen sweat across her forehead. Mirage stopped struggling but had to see behind her, just to check that she was still awake and not dreaming. The other members of the Caravan were walking forward, following Jolene towards the fire. The werejackals made room and scuttled closer to the creature as the monks sat down. Once seated, Jolene called out over her shoulder in Common, “McClain, Jericho. Get Eolian out of here. We’ll meet you when we’re done here.”
With a curt nod, Arabella guided Mirage the way she had entered the nightmare back out the wagon path. Arabella’s arm remained around Mirage’s shoulders as they walked. Ransom appeared on Mirage’s other side. The rain turned into a downpour. Hard packed, dusty dirt softened. Water streamed off each of the trio’s hat brims. Mirage, not able to see in the dark, found her boots caught on every rock and dip and valley the rain carved. But Arabella kept her upright as they continued on. 
Not able to keep it in anymore, Ransom whispered, “How the hell did you survive that, Mirage?”
Mirage felt her eyes well with their own rainwater, saying, “I slept in.”
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milanrej01-blog · 4 years
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Hyundai Kona: all the data and photos of the urban SUV
Starting in September, the sale of Hyundai's urban SUV begins, the Hyundai Kona, with a new platform, a great electric future and an image that will not leave you indifferent.
Simultaneous launch in Seoul and Milan, photo shoot next to the Prado and Almudena Cathedral, name of the most touristic city on the Big Island of Hawaii ... who doubts that they want the Hyundai Kona to be a global SUV ?
Another small SUV to fight to conquer the city, this time from the hand of Hyundai, first cousin of the also debutant Kia Stonic . The Hyundai Kona arrives to fight directly with Peugeot 2008, Opel Mokka X, Renault Captur, Nissan Juke and the rest of the unstoppable small SUVs or urban SUVs. vidalista
With its 4.16 meters only the Opel Mokka surpasses it (in length), but this list of sales in Spain means that size does not really matter. In fact, the big Opel already has a little brother ready, the Opel Crossland X and this week the Citroën C3 Aircross with the same platform as the Opel was unveiled, with a length similar to that of the new Hyundai Kona. 
The prices of the Hyundai Kona will not be known until itscommercialization, which in Spain will be in September . Korea is the starting market, in July, to continue with Europe and America.
According to its managers, the Hyundai Kona, the younger brother of the Hyundai Tucson, Santa Fe and Grand Santa Fe, will stand out from the competition for its refined interior and its large space and comfort . The Kona also aims to set new references in connectivity and security measures . These include the frontal collision assistant based on camera data and the frontal radar, capable of automatically braking in the event of a collision risk. The front camera is based on three other systems, lane assistant , the one beam and detector alertness of the driver . 
Through rear radars the Hyundai Kona will offer a warningBlind spot and in reverse maneuvers, it will alert you to the risk of collision with passing traffic. Inside stand out the screen, floating on the dashboard, which according to equipment and markets will be 5, 7 or 8 inches , plus the presence of a head-up display -prime in Hyundai- in which speed information will be projected, navigation, audio and lane departure warnings. It will have an infotainment system compatible with Android Auto and Apple Carplay , with an optional DAB digital radio, rear view through a camera.
They aim for a clean style inside, but functional, and with enough space behind despite the descending line of the body. The rear seats have folding backrests (1 / 3-2 / 3) to form a flat platform if necessary. The boot has two load levels.
HYUNDAI KONA ENGINES
The mechanics for each market have not been specified, but the engines shown at the launch of the Hyundai Kona show a "big car" ambition. In Europe the basic gasoline version will be the 1.0 T-GDI that we know from other Hyundai models, such as the i30, a three-cylinder with turbo, direct injection, 120 horsepower and a maximum torque of 172 Nm between 1,500 rpm and 4,000 rpm. It will go with a six-speed manual gearbox and offer acceleration 0-100 km / h in 12 seconds. The maximum speed of the Hyundai Kona 1.0 T-GDI will be 181 km / h.
Above will be the also known 1.6 T-GDI of the Gamma family of engines, with 177 horsepower and 265 Nm of maximum torque, offered between 1,500 rpm and 4,500 rpm. This engine will be linked to the 7DCT seven-speed dual-clutch transmission and will allow 0-100 acceleration in 7.7 seconds, with a top speed of 210 km / h.
Without specifying more details on the power (in September the new Euro 6c standards come into force and the figures must still be in the confirmation phase), they have communicated that the Hyundai Kona will offer the well-known 1.6 CRDi Diesel , which in the Hyundai i30 will offers with 95 and 110 horses, and consumption (homologated) around 4 liters. 
A 149 HP 2.0 Atkinson engine will also be offered in gasoline , whose operating cycle (neither Diesel nor Otto) boasts low consumption and low emissions. Coupled with a six-speed automatic transmission, it promises to accelerate the Hyundai Kona from O to 100 km / h in 10 seconds and a top speed of 194 km / h. The maximum torque is not very high, typical of Atkinson engines, with a value of 179 Nm at 4,500 rpm.
Mechanically the Hyundai Kona will be available with 4x2 drive and will also offer 4x4 all-wheel drive . The rear suspensions change in each case (they rely on the usual McPherson front), with a torsional axle for the front-wheel drive versions and a more sophisticated multi-link for the all-wheel drive Hyundai Kona. They say that the new Kona platform is optimized to allow an SUV's own ground clearance, without specifying the data.
THE AESTHETICS OF THE HYUNDAI KONA
The safety of the Kona does not only refer to the multiple electronic accessories that it will offer, also in structural rigidity. For this they do not hesitate to boast that Hyundai is the only manufacturer capable of producing their own steel . Half of the Hyundai Kona's structure (51.8 percent) will be made of very high-strength steels , hot-stamped, to achieve rigidity and lightness. 
The rigidity of the bodywork is essential in the face of shocks, also for the absence of noise and for the correct work of the suspensions. With this they trust to combine in the Kona good comfort of patching and great road behavior, also relying on a great wheelbase for a small car, 260 cm, just 5 centimeters less than the Hyundai i30 .
The key point of small SUVs is the style and the Hyundai Kona has a lot of that. Those responsible for the design of the Hyundai Kona are the Belgian Luc Donckerwolke (who you know well enough for being the father of a best seller like the Seat Ibiza that you have seen for nine years and who is now leaving us) and one of the current stars of the car design, the Korean SangYup Lee (if it doesn't sound right to you, the person in charge of the Camaro you saw in Transformers, among others).
Seen from behind, the Hyundai Kona has the air of a Hyundai i30 wagon that would have gone through a bodybuilding room, and the same muscle-on-muscle feel is seen on the wheel arches. Come on, you will like it . Better to see the photos of the Kona, than to explain the peculiar interpretation of the plastic protections on the wheel arches. 
Ahead is more of the above, with an evolution of the Hyundai grill , which will take Hyundai away from those criticisms that it looked like an Audi (reproaches that they surely did not dislike). You will not be short of comparisons again, with the thin led daytime running lights on the top, next to the hood, separated from the main optics: yes, they are reminiscent of the latest Citroën designs. The Hyundia Kona offers two-tone paint, with a black roof, as is becoming the norm in the small SUV segment.
Black marks it all, contrasting each of the five double spoke spokes, the front grille, but also the engine air intake at the top of the bumper. If it aesthetically transmits robustness, it will better supply air to the engine compartment. To make matters worse, for the launch they have teamed up with Marvel to present a special edition Ironman , which seems to provide armor to the Hyundai Kona. On 19-inch wheels and 40 mm wider, it will be possible in the window of the Hyundai Motorstudio in Seoul, for a month.
Starting in 2018, an electric version of the Hyundai Kona will also be offered , whose autonomy will not be less than 390 km with a recharge. It is part of the intention to launch 31 electrified models in Hyundai (between hybrids, plug-in hybrid and fuel cell), before 2020. In the first half of 2018 Hyundai will launch a hydrogen fuel cell SUV on the occasion of the celebration of the winter olympics.
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itcars · 6 years
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First Look: The Audi PB18 e-tron Concept
The all-electric Audi PB18 e-tron represents a radical vision for the high-performance sports car of tomorrow. Conceived and created in the new Audi design studio in Malibu, California, with the benefit of extensive experience gained in the wind tunnel and on the race track. The technical concept behind the PB18 e-tron has been devised using expertise gained during the Audi Le Mans racing program, and the realization of that concept was the responsibility of the experts at Audi Sport, the Audi high-performance subsidiary. The name “PB18 e-tron” refers both to the Pebble Beach venue for the premiere and to the technological DNA it shares with the Audi R18 e-tron LMP1 racing car.
Consistently focused concepts for use
At first sight, the Audi PB18 e-tron shows its kinship with another spectacular concept car from the brand – the Audi Aicon from 2017. This holds true not only for characteristic design elements like the side windows that angle inwards and the significantly extended wheel arches, but also in terms of their all-electric drivetrains using advanced solid-state battery technology for energy storage.
This, however, is where the similarities end. While the Aicon was designed as a fully automated, long-distance luxury vehicle – a business jet for the road – the creators of the PB18 e-tron designed it as a radical driving machine for the racetrack and road. Dynamics and emotion top its list of specifications. Parameters like propulsive power, lateral acceleration and perfect ergonomics determine each detail. And driver-orientation is in a completely new dimension.
The internal working title at Audi for the showcar project was “Level Zero” – as a means of explicitly differentiating its development focus from other Audi projects that are currently working towards bringing levels 3, 4 and 5 of autonomous driving to the road. In the Audi PB18 e-tron, the driver is the absolute centre of attention. There are therefore no complex systems for piloted driving on board and no comfort features to add weight. In their place are a driver’s seat and cockpit that are integrated into an inner monocoque shell that is moveable laterally depending on how many occupants are on board. When driven solo, the monocoque can be positioned in the centre of the interior as in a monoposto – the perfect location for the racetrack. This is made possible not least by the by-wire design of the steering and pedals; a mechanical connection of the control elements is not needed.
Gael Buzyn is Head of the Audi Design Loft in Malibu, where the Audi PB18 e-tron was born. He describes the most important item in the specifications: “We want to offer the driver an experience that is otherwise available only in a racing car like the Audi R18. That’s why we developed the interior around the ideal driver’s position in the centre. Nevertheless, our aim was to also give the PB18 e‑tron a high degree of everyday usability, not just for the driver, but also for a potential passenger.”
When the driver’s monocoque is moved into the side position, from where the PB18 e‑tron can be steered in everyday driving like a conventional road vehicle, there is room for a passenger. An additional seat can be accessed on the other side, integrated low above the ground and equipped with a three-point seatbelt. The driver also benefits when getting in and out from the easily accessible outside position of the monocoque, which can be moved when the door is open up to the sill.
Inspiration drawn from motorsport
The Audi PB18 e-tron package follows the traditional architecture of a mid-engine sports car with a cab that is positioned far forward. The car’s centre of gravity is located behind the seats and in front of the rear axle – which benefits the driving dynamics. This does not involve the engine-transmission unit, as in a car with a conventional drive system, but rather the battery pack.
A mix of aluminium, carbon and multi-material composites ensures the body of the Audi PB18 e-tron has a low basic weight, not least thanks to the innovative and comparatively light solid-state battery. A total weight of less than 1,550 kg (3,417.2 lb) can be expected.
The PB18 e-tron is 4.53 metres long, 2 metres wide and just 1.15 metres tall. These dimensions alone speak of a classical sports car. The wheelbase is 2.70 metres and the overhangs are compact. Viewed from the side, the eye is drawn to the gently sloping roof line which is pulled far to the back and features massive C-pillars. Together with the large and almost vertical rear window, this design is reminiscent of a shooting brake concept – the synthesis of a coupé with the rear of a station wagon. The result is not only a distinctive silhouette but also a clear bonus in terms of cargo space, which is usually at a premium in sports cars. Here, 470 litres is available, and can be fully exploited using the exclusive customised luggage designed to fit the cargo space – even if the luggage in this car frequently consists of nothing but a helmet and racing overall.
A flat red band of lights extends across the entire width of the rear and underscores the horizontal orientation of the vehicle body. The cabin, placed on the broad shoulders of the wheel arches, appears almost dainty from the rear. The rear diffuser air outlet has been raised high – another functional feature borrowed from motorsport. The diffuser can be moved downwards mechanically to increase downforce, and the rear spoiler can be extended rearwards for the same purpose.
The widely extended wheel arches located opposite the central cabin are noticeable from every angle. They emphasise the extremely wide track of the PB18 e-tron and thereby illustrate the dynamic potential of the car and the obligatory quattro drive. The large 22-inch wheels, each with eight asymmetrically designed spokes, are reminiscent of turbine inlets – together with the air inlets and outlets of the wheel arches, their rotation ensures excellent air supply to the large carbon brake discs.
The front is dominated by the familiar hexagon shape of the Singleframe grille, with an emphatically wide and horizontal cut. The brand logo is positioned on the bonnet, in the typical Audi sports car style. Large air inlets to the left and right of the Singleframe supply the necessary cooling air to the brakes and the front electric motor. Wide and flat light units with integrated digital matrix technology and laser high-beam headlights complete the face of the PB18 e-tron.
The laser high-beam headlight with its enormous range is especially emblematic of the transfer of know-how from motorsport: This technology made its debut in the Le Mans R18 racing car, where the maximum light output at speeds topping 186mph offered a crucial safety advantage at night as well.
The Audi designers have taken a new tack in the pursuit of optimal air flow through the bonnet, which dips sharply and acts as a lateral bridge running across the nose, connecting the two accentuated wings and also doubling as an air deflector - a design that is familiar from racing prototypes.
At the same time, this layout offers the driver a unique quality of visibility, and not just on the race track. Looking through the large windscreen from the low seating position, the driver sees precisely into the opening of the ventilated bonnet and onto the road, and can thus perfectly target the course and apex of the bend. Mounted within the field of vision is a transparent OLED surface. The ideal line of the next bend can be shown on it, for example, precisely controlled with data from navigation and vehicle electronics. In normal road traffic, on the other hand, the direction arrows and other symbols from the navigation system find a perfect place here in the driver’s field of vision, like a more conventional head-up display.
The large-format cockpit itself is designed as a freely programmable unit and can be switched between various layouts for the racetrack or the road, depending on the scenario for use.
Emotion without emissions: 3 electric motors & quattro drive
The concept uses three powerful electric motors – one up front and two in the rear. The latter are centrally located between the steering knuckles, each directly driving one wheel via half-shafts. They deliver up to 150 kW of power to the front axle and 350 kW to the rear – the Audi PB18 e-tron is a true quattro, of course. Maximum output is 500 kW, but with boosting the driver can temporarily mobilise up to 570 kW. The combined torque of up to 830 Nm (612.2 lb-ft) allows acceleration from 0 to 62mph in scarcely more than 2 seconds – a speed that differs only marginally from that of a current LMP1 prototype.
In normal road traffic, the driver can limit the maximum speed in favour of range. This limitation is easy to deactivate on the racetrack and can be adapted to local conditions.
The focus is not only on powerful performance but also maximum efficiency. While being driven, the Audi PB18 e-tron recovers large amounts of energy: up to moderate braking, the electric motors are solely responsible for decelerating the vehicle. The hydraulic brakes only come into play for heavy braking.
The concept of separate electric motors on the rear axle offers major advantages when it comes to handling. The Torque Control Manager, which works together with the Electronic Stabilisation Control (ESC), actively distributes the power to the wheels of the front and rear axles as needed. This torque control provides for maximum dynamics and stability. Thanks to the virtually instantaneous response of the electric motors, the control actions are lightning-quick. The drive concept of the Audi PB18 e-tron adapts perfectly to every situation, whether involving transverse or longitudinal dynamics.
The liquid-cooled solid-state battery has an energy capacity of 95 kWh. A full charge provides for a range of over 310 miles in the WLTP cycle. The Audi PB18 e-tron is already designed for charging with a voltage of 800 volts. This means the battery can be fully recharged in about 15 minutes.
The Audi PB18 e-tron can also be charged cordlessly via induction with Audi Wireless Charging (AWC). This is done by placing a charging pad with integral coil on the floor where the car is to be parked, and connecting it to the power supply. The alternating magnetic field induces an alternating voltage in the secondary coil fitted in the floor of the car, across the air gap.
High-tech from the LMP1 class: the suspension
The front and rear have independent suspension on lower and upper transverse control arms, and, as commonly found in motor racing, a push-rod system on the front axle and pull-rod system on the rear – in both cases with adaptive magnetic ride shock absorbers. The suspension of the Audi R18 e-tron quattro Le Mans racing car served as the model for the basic architecture.
The wheels measure 22 inches in diameter and are fitted with 275/35 tyres in the front and 315/30 in the back. Large carbon brake discs with a 19-inch diameter, in conjunction with the electric brake, safely and steadily decelerate the Audi PB18 e-tron even in tough racetrack conditions.
The path to volume production – electric mobility at Audi
Audi has been developing vehicles with all-electric or hybrid drive since back in the late 1980s. The first production offering of a car combining a combustion engine with an electric motor was the Audi duo from 1997, which occupied the body of an A4 Avant. A landmark technological development for electric cars was the R8 e-tron, which was unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show and in 2012 set a record lap time for an electric car on the North Loop of the Nürburgring.
Audi added a first plug-in hybrid to its range in 2014 in the guise of the 150 kW (204PS) A3 e-tron – its battery units can be recharged by recuperation and cable, and give it an all-electric range of up to 50 kilometres in the NEDC. The Q7 e-tron made its debut in 2016: It is powered by a 3.0 TDI engine combined with an electric motor, with a combined 275 kW (373PS) and 700 Nm (516.3 lb-ft) of torque. It accelerates from a standing start to 62mph in 6.2 seconds and is particularly efficient. In all-electric mode, it has a range of up to 34 miles while producing zero local emissions. It is also the world’s first plug-in hybrid with a V6 compression ignition engine and quattro drive.
Another concept car unveiled by Audi in 2015 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, was the e-tron quattro concept – the forerunner of the brand’s first all-electric-drive production automobile.
As a radically reconfigured SUV it offers a range of more than 248 miles in the WLTP cycle with the spaciousness and comfort of a typical full-size automobile from Audi. The production version of this groundbreaking e-SUV, named Audi e-tron, will debut in September 2018.
Roadtrip, circuit or piloted city-mobile – a new mobility service
Audi has meanwhile been building a new family of visionary automobiles since 2017 as a preview for the next decade – electrically powered and precisely focused on their respective use scenarios. Cars currently in the market are always conceived as a versatile synthesis between highly conflicting requirement profiles – in practice, this often means compromises must be made. In contrast, the current concept cars will occupy a new, consistent position in an increasingly diversified market. The Audi Aicon long-distance luxury vehicle started things off at the IAA 2017; the PB18 e-tron is now marking another milestone. Additional vehicle concepts, such as those for example for urban traffic, are already being developed and will make their public debut in the coming months.
As part of a premium sharing pool with highly individual models, they will all sharpen the profile of the Audi brand even further in the future – as custom-tailored products and services for highly demanding customers who want to combine mobility, emotion and experience in every situation of their lives. These customers can then decide whether they only want to use the vehicle of their choice temporarily and exchange it for another when needed, or if they would rather purchase it permanently, as today.
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ericarule-blog · 5 years
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Toyota Land Cruiser Customer's Guide
First manufacturing Toyota 4x4 energy, geared up with a B-series engine and also a three-speed transmission. Makes use of a grille with 9 upright slots, normally has no doors, has headlights installed behind steel guards on level fenders. Similar in look to early Jeeps, yet bigger. Assigned Land Cruiser name in 1954. 1951 - 1955
Land Cruiser (20 Collection).
Basic 20 Series car is an utility 4x4 outfitted with a soft or metal top.Land Cruiser BJ25s were outfitted with B-series engines,FJ25s with F-series engines.Both feature a grille with four horizontal slots between the headlights and use square, upright designing that means what the timeless FJ40 will certainly resemble.Readily available in several kinds,consisting of as a long wheelbase with a soft top (BJ28),fire truck (FJ24JA) and a hardtop with lengthy wheelbase (FJ28V).1955 - 1960.
Land Cruiser (40 Collection).
The timeless Land Cruiser 40 Series in its FJ40 kind,with its looks and also unified percentages.2 doors with a hard or soft top, folding windshield,F-series engine and two-speed transfer instance.The roofs of the hardtops are repainted white,and all hardtops had wrap-around rear windows. instead of straight grille slots,the grille contains a mesh aspect in between the two headlights.Square turn signals were placed atop each front fender.Available in numerous types,including a somewhat longer wheelbase permanent top (FJ45V) as well as a pick-up (FJ45).
Land Cruiser (55 Series).
A long-wheelbase four-door energy wagon with 40-Series running equipment. Designing remains really square-edged,but down-sloping front fenders with vestigial level tops somewhat integrated into the front clip. Square directional signal were placed atop the front fenders.Carburetor air intake grilles are high above,and also somewhat aft of, the front wheel wells.Hood is a lot more a flat panel than was the 40 Series hood.Grille includes horizontal ports between the fronts lights. The taillights are high-mounted as well as rectangle-shaped.The interior is much more complete and also incorporated than previously, with a cushioned dash top.1967 - 1979.
Land Cruiser (60 Series).
Land Cruiser wagon,the logical extension of the 55 Series,remains square for outstanding application of space however the sides are softer and also more rounded.The grille includes four horizontal bars as well as 5 horizontal slots.Fenders are completely incorporated into front clip.The front turn signals are incorporated right into the front fascia,immediately outboard of each headlight.Rear directional signal are rectangle-shaped and also upright,inset right into the body's sheet steel just over the rear bumper.The back door can be a single lift gateway,a solitary swing-out or a pair of swing-outs.Interior is currently styled,with an automotive-type dash.1980 -1989.
Land Cruiser (70 Collection).
Square-bodied Land Cruiser energy 4x4 two-door with steel doors as well as leading, inclined windscreen. The front-clip designing continues to be much like that of the 40 Series. The grille can be mesh or can include three horizontal bars.Both have three extra straight ports in a solitary line under the grille.Front turn signals are square with triangular white lens aspects underneath,as well as are fastened to the vertical edge of the front clip above the fenders and just outboard of each headlight.The top can be hard or soft.The doors are hard,with roll-up home windows.Taillights are long, upright rectangular shapes inset reduced right into the back bodywork.Rear doors are paired swing-outs.Windscreens of some armed forces versions will fold up atop hood. Available in several kinds,including a pickup (FJ75P) and a four-door,long wheelbase energy wagon (FJ77HV).1984 -present.
Land Cruiser (80 Collection).
Land Cruiser wagon with upright,rounded designing.Hood has a wide power lump, front fenders reveal character lines that mean the 55 Collection 'front fenders as well as stream the length of the car's body.Front fenders are fully incorporated right into the front clip and have sheet metal flares.Turn signals are thin,straight systems installed just below headlights. Grille is egg-crate mesh in between rectangular fronts lights. Back doors can be either swing-out side-openers or a tailgate/lift gate mix.Taillights are vertical rectangular shapes inset into the bodywork simply over the rear bumper.The interior is currently very contemporary,tending toward high-end, with a control panel inset under a curved brow in very early (broad) as well as late (much less large) styles. Springs are currently coils,as opposed to leafs,at each corner.1990 - 1997.
Land Cruiser (90 Series).
Called the Prado and developed from the 70 Series,the very first Land Cruiser to utilize independent front suspension.Was not marketed in the U.S.in this iteration.90 Series is somewhat smaller sized than 60 Collection and 80 Series,as well as offered with 2 or 4 doors.Grille is made up of 11 vertical bars in between styled headlamps,with additional air conditioning slots below the grille,in the bumper.1993 - 2001.
Land Cruiser (100 Collection).
Land Cruiser wagon with a high greenhouse, independent front suspension and 4.7 L V8. Some variations sold outside the U.S. get a solid front axle (101 Series). Power lump on large,flat hood much less obvious than formerly; front fenders reveal unique sheet-metal flare. Grille contains three horizontal bars in between incorporated and styled headlamps. An extra narrow straight air conditioning consumption is located listed below the grille, in the front bumper. A bump strip runs size of body below belt-line. Noticable flare around back wheel wells. Back door is a lift-gate. Taillights are huge ribbed systems that are partially built right into the lift gate and also twist around the rear edges of the vehicle to be noticeable from the side as well as from the rear. The dashboard is very modern with a cockpit console under its very own eyebrow and with HVAC as well as sound controls, as well as several Air Conditioning vents, in a different central panel. 100 Collection is offered just as a four-door. 1998 - 2007.
Land Cruiser (120 Series).
In 2002 the Land Cruiser Prado was revised as 120 Collection Prado,or in some markets, just the Land Cruiser.Seen in the United States as the Lexus GX 470.Body has 60 percent extra torsional strength as well as extremely advanced electronic grip controls for enhanced off-as well as on-road efficiency,lower noise and also far better quality. Center of mass was reduced, making sure far better stability.Along with a Torsen limited-slip main differential,Energetic Grip Control and also Vehicle Security Control offer superior movement on practically any kind of surface.2002 - Present.
FJ Cruiser (120 Collection).
Toyota's 2007 FJ Cruiser uses the 120 Collection frameworks layout created in 2002 as well as more enhanced in 2005 for this application.Optimization consists of increased fuel-tank clearance,32-inch tires and even more suspension articulation than on various other versions of the 120 Series.It includes a wide,flat hood with rounded sides as well as a mesh grille between two round white headlights,per FJ40.Flat,upright windshield, roof covering,wrap-around back home windows,brief front/rear overhangs,angular wheel openings,off-center back license plate,all per FJ40. 2006 as a 2007 version.
Land Cruiser (200 Collection).
A high-end 4x4 with fine-tuned, upright bodywork as well as styling for excellent area usage.A broad,flat hood contains character lines,as well as moves right into the beltline as well as into the horizontal,four-slatted grille - a theme that echoes the 60 Collection Used Toyota Land Cruiser For Sale In Europe - and also unitized straight headlights.Fender bulges and a three-dimensional rocker mark the vehicle's side facet,and a rear liftgate which contains part of the 200 Collection' taillights notes the back.Integrated bumper covers coincide shade as the bodywork.Power is provided by 3UR-FE 5.7 L DOHC engine as well as a six-speed automatic transmission.The full time four-wheel drive system includes an advanced traction-control system as well as a two-speed transfer case with a Torsen center differential with locking function.Inside includes three rows of seats with locations for eight guests.Instruments are included under a control panel eyebrow and also HEATING AND COOLING,sound and also offered navigation controls lie in a center binnacle.200 Collection readily available just as a four-door.2007 to present.
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123designsrq · 2 years
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ALL TERRAIN WAGON LETS YOU HAUL YOUR GEAR ON LAND, SAND, AND EVEN SNOW
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When Bryce and Kurt first designed the All Terrain Wagon. They didn’t even recognize they had been inventing a brand new class of shipment-wearing trailers. The tale of the world’s handiest ATW has an underlying ‘necessity is the mom of invention’ type of message to it, despite the fact that as soon as Bryce and Kurt designed their ATW. They found out what an extremely beneficial little contraption it turns into and determining to report a patent on it. The patent-pending All Terrain Wagon is the handiest wagon that’s designed to paintings on soil, sand and snow, even as being capable of be pulled/driven through hand, bicycle, motorbike, or even a vehicle. Like the necessary wagon, it comes with 3 units of wheels (like a tricycle), despite the fact that the 2 number one wheels have plenty extra heavy-obligation treads that permit the wagon to function even on unforgiving terrain. Although, the ones heavy-obligation 16″ Fat Tires aren’t the ATW’s handiest innovation. The whole wagon is designed from the pinnacle right all the way down to be flexible in phrases of wherein it’s used, what it consists of, the way it consists of it, and whether or not the wagon’s hand-operated or connected to a car. The wagon itself sports activities removable wheels for smooth maintenance, in addition to detachable aspect roll-bars relying on whether or not you want them or now no longer. The the front of the wagon comes with a element for mounting the ATW’s adapters allow you to connect your wagon to the returned of a motorcycle or maybe a vehicle. Even as on the alternative cease of the ATW lies a telescopic manage for effortlessly pushing or pulling your shipment. Perhaps one in every of my favorite element of the ATW is likewise the manner the telescopic manage is designed to now no longer hinder the vehicle’s registration code. While hooked up at the returned of your car. Its looped shape thing affords a clean view of the vehicle’s rear registration code. Going to expose how plenty making plans and idea went into the All Terrain Wagon’s typical design. The whole terrain wagon measures 37″ length-wise, and 29″ from wheel to wheel. It weighs 20lbs while empty. And might bring as much as 100lbs of shipment while connecting to a vehicle or wagon. Or 150 while operating by hand through hand. The wagon’s garage vicinity comes crafted from 100% PCR ballistic nylon fabric. Making it now no longer simply rugged however water resistant too. And functions a fold-down the front with a zippered garage pocket on it. Other add-ons for the ATW additionally encompass a shipment-retaining elastic internet. In addition to a weather-evidence cowl for concealing your assets in the rain or snow. The car attachments encompass a 1-1/4″ or 2″ hitch adapter for mounting the ATW to the returning of your vehicle like a trailer. In addition to styles of Wagon adapters. One on your seat tube, and some other that without delay connects the ATW for your rear axle. Ultimately, the All Terrain Wagon turning into constructing to cowl a flexible set of use-instances. Which might be handiest constraining through the user’s imagination. You should basically take it camping, on a fishing excursion, a journey to the beach. Or maybe use it on your storage or outdoor to move gardening device or workshop equipment from one a part of your own home to some other. Giving its nature of use, the All Terrain Wagon’s designing to be particularly strong and durable. And is even blanket through a Lifetime Warranty and unfastened maintenance on any type of production defects. The terrain wagons are designing and examining through Bryce and Kurt’s Boston-primarily based totally own circle of relatives enterprise Earth+Kin. Who now no longer handiest pledge to start deliveries for the wagon through May 2022. However also are devoting to refunding backers 100% in their cash. If the deliveries fall via and don’t make it for a few unexpected reason. And if that wasn’t enough, Earth+Kin donates 100% of all their income to registering 501c3’s that aid Earth and Family. E+K is B corp. pending and on a undertaking to build “Gear that Gives”. Read the full article
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dipulb3 · 3 years
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2021 Audi RS7 review: What's not to like?
New Post has been published on https://appradab.com/2021-audi-rs7-review-whats-not-to-like/
2021 Audi RS7 review: What's not to like?
Gotta love that profile.
Steven Ewing/Roadshow
If for some reason you just can’t jump on the RS6 Avant bandwagon (pun absolutely intended), Audi has another option for you: the RS7. With its sleek looks, sharp handling and class-leading cabin tech, the Audi RS7 is one of the best all-around luxury-performance cars you can buy today.
Like
Tremendous V8 power
Sharp handling thanks to standard performance hardware
Best-in-class multimedia tech
Don’t Like
Not as functional as the less-expensive RS6 Avant
17 mpg combined — yikes!
Driver-assistance tech isn’t standard
The RS7 certainly looks the business, all angular and mean, with broad shoulders and wide hips and that classically beautiful Sportback silhouette. I’ll admit I still find the taillights of the current A7/S7/RS7 models to be a little frumpy, but that’s a small nit to pick on an otherwise flawless design. Considering the last RS7 was a little too sedate-looking for its own good, it’s nice to see Audi flexing a bit of design muscle with this latest RS hatch.
On the other hand, I’m equally glad Audi’s designers exercised plenty of restraint when penning the RS7’s cabin. What could’ve been a mess of unnecessary angles and overstyled surfaces is instead quite elegant. The interior isn’t really all that different from what you get in the rest of the A6 and A7 range, but I’m not mad about it. The overall aesthetic is clean and modern, with tasteful accent stitching on the RS-specific seats and no superfluous buttons — just flat, clean surfaces and screens, screens, screens.
Audi currently leads the charge on luxury-car cabin tech and it’s easy to see why. The company’s MMI Touch Response infotainment system is easy to operate, with colorful tiles for the most frequently used features, snappy response times and a relatively intuitive menu structure. The 10.1-inch screen in the middle of the dash houses the main multimedia interface, and there’s a secondary, 8.6-inch display below. That slightly smaller screen is where you’ll find climate control functions and on-off switches for the stop-start system and various driver-assistance features. The bottom display also functions as a handwriting tablet for easy destination search or address entry. Open a nav search, write “tacos” and boom, you’re off to lunch.
The MMI interface is seriously robust, but you don’t even need it most of the time. That’s because the RS7 comes standard with Audi’s Virtual Cockpit digital gauge cluster, housed on a 12.3-inch screen head of the steering wheel. This basic tech might be a few years old, but Virtual Cockpit is still the bomb, with Google Earth navigation overlays and simple controls for things like phone, audio and vehicle data via steering-wheel toggles.
Comfy and techy.
Steven Ewing/Roadshow
Weirdly, while the RS7 comes with Audi’s best multimedia tech offerings, all of the good driver-assistance wizardry costs extra. Yes, a 360-degree camera, parking sensors and forward collision warning are standard, but full-speed adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, traffic sign recognition and rear cross-traffic alert are all locked behind the $2,250 Driver Assistance Package. Why this stuff doesn’t come standard on a six-figure luxury car is beyond me, but it’s also not uncommon, so whatever.
Then again, it’s not like you’re buying an RS7 to let the computers take over every time you get behind the wheel. This thing absolutely rips, and you’d be doing yourself a disservice not to drive the pants off it every chance you get.
The fun starts with Audi’s 4.0-liter twin-turbo V8 — the same one you’ll find in a bunch of other cars, including the RS6 Avant. This engine sends 591 horsepower and 590 pound-feet of torque to all four wheels through Audi’s excellent Quattro all-wheel-drive system, resulting in a 0-to-60-mph time of just 3.5 seconds. That’s damn quick.
Shockingly, these huge, 22-inch wheels don’t ruin the ride.
Steven Ewing/Roadshow
Happily, every RS7 gets Audi’s full roster of performance hardware, including an adaptive air suspension, electronic rear differential and four-wheel steering. The last two bits are particularly important, giving this all-wheel-drive car a bit of rear-wheel-drive shove through corners, the rear-axle steering virtually shortening the wheelbase while you slink through tight bends. The RS7 is an incredibly agile thing, with nicely weighted and communicative steering and solid power from the standard steel brakes. You can pay $8,500 to add ceramic brakes with gray calipers, which offer a world of stopping power, but I don’t think you’ll need this upgrade in day-to-day use. If you’re tracking your RS7 or frequently hitting triple-digit speeds, then sure, live it up. For the rest of you, just stick with the steel stoppers.
Regardless of which brakes you choose, they’re nestled behind absolutely massive wheels. The RS7’s standard setup wraps 21-inch wheels in 275/35 tires, but this tester has the optional 22-inch package with lower-profile 285/30 rubber. Audi says the 21s are the smallest-diameter wheels that will clear the RS7’s huge brakes, and the 22s just look like overkill by comparison. Thankfully, the air suspension is tuned to filter out a lot of the harshness you might otherwise expect from such an aggressive wheel-and-tire package. Whether you’re rolling in the RS7’s Comfort or Dynamic modes, the ride quality I observed on Southern California roads is great — smooth and supple on the highway but nice and taut during sporty driving. I’m struggling to think of another car that’s as nicely sorted while riding on enormous wheels — aside from the RS6 Avant, anyway.
I’d personally rather have the wagon, but hey, you do you.
Steven Ewing/Roadshow
In fact, the RS7 is all-around nicer to drive and live with than its closest competitors, the BMW M8 Gran Coupe and Mercedes-AMG GT63. The Audi is simply better balanced and has sharper in-car tech, and this car’s Sportback shape means it’s far more capacious, with 24.7 cubic feet of space behind the rear seats and a whole lot more if you fold them flat. The only thing that comes close is Audi’s own RS6 Avant or a run-of-the-mill crossover. Why buy a crossover when you could get this?
Really, the RS7’s closest competitor is the aforementioned RS6. The RS7 is a bit more expensive, at $115,045 to start (including $1,045 for destination) compared to the RS6’s $110,045. I personally can’t imagine picking the Sportback over the more interesting-looking and more functional Avant, but not everyone shares my opinion. 
No matter the roofline, Audi’s latest RS is a winner.
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Highlights of 2018 Ram 2500 Trims
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The 2018 Ram 2500 renders something for each and everyone, whether you are looking for a luxury equipment hauler, a trail-conquering pickup, or even a basic work truck. 
It's an excellent all-rounder that overcomes many competitors.
To put it into numbers, The 2018 Ram 2500 comes close to doubling those figures by carrying 3,890 pounds in the bed and towing up to 17,980 pounds.
The 2018 Ram 2500 comes in various configurations. There are, two-bed lengths, three engines, two transmissions, three cab styles, and seven trims: 
2018 Ram 2500 Tradesman
2018 Ram 2500 SLT
2018 Ram 2500 Big Horn/Lone Star
2018 Ram 2500 Laramie
2018 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn
2018 Ram 2500 Limited
2018 Ram 2500 Power Wagon
At one end of the range is the Tradesman, minimal-frills workhorse functionality. At the other, the Limited, broadens the boundaries of big-truck affluence. The Power Wagon stands distinct as the off-road-ready model. 
Most 2500s come with a V8 gasoline engine, a 5.7-liter -383 horsepower, 400 pound-feet of torque, and a six-speed automatic transmission mechanism.
A modified variant of this engine operates on Compressed Natural Gas -CNG and delivers identical power figures to the gasoline variant. The CNG alternative is only available on crew-cab and regular models with the 8-foot bed facility. 
There are two engines to choose from:
A 6.4-liter V8 -410 hp, 429 lb-ft of torque paired to a six-speed automatic transmission.
A turbocharged 6.7-liter diesel six-cylinder mechanism.
The latter generates 660 lb-ft and 350-hp when combined with a six-speed manual transmission attribute. When matched with a reinforced six-speed automatic, those numbers are 800 lb-ft of torque and 370-hp. 
The Tradesman and SLT trims are equipped with all three cabs, while the Big Horn/Lone Star, Laramie, Laramie Longhorn, and Limited variants can only be ordered with a Mega or a crew cabs. 
The off-road Power Wagon version -crew cab, short bed only can be ordered in Tradesman and standard versions.
2018 Ram 2500 is equipped with either part-time four-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive except for the Power Wagon, which comes with an only 4WD form.
The Tradesman is the most basic of all trim levels. Common feature highlights consist of;
Vinyl upholstery
17-inch steel wheels
A locking tailgate
A 40/20/40-split front bench and A tilt-only steering wheel, a driver information display
An auto-dimming rearview mirror with a rearview camera display, a USB port with and a six-speaker stereo
Locks and Power windows comprising the locking tailgate are standard on crew-cab trims, as are heated mirrors and power-adjustable. Regular-cab variants, by default, have non-heated mirrors and manual controls.
The SLT adds up chrome exterior trim, 18-inch steel wheels, a power-sliding rear window, power heated mirrors, manual on regular cabs, and an integrated trailer brake controller.
Remote locking and unlocking, an overhead console, carpeted floors, full power accessories for all body styles.
Additionally, it has satellite radio, a 5-inch touchscreen interface that displays the rearview camera image and a Bluetooth.
The Big Horn/Lone Star adds 18-inch alloy wheels, a power-adjustable driver's seat, premium cloth upholstery, an extra charge-only USB port, and a 115-volt power outlet.
2018 Ram 2500 Laramie builds off the Big Horn /Lone Star and adds up a Standard 6.4-liter V8.
Additional chrome trim including the bumpers, and auto-dimming mirrors, front and rear parking projector headlights, LED taillights, sensors, driver-seat memory settings, a power-adjustable front passenger seat, heated and ventilated front seats, dual-zone automatic climate control, leather upholstery, a 4G LTE Wi-Fi hotspot, an 8.4-inch touchscreen with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and HD radio.
The limited-slip differential is dropped as conventional equipment but is available as an option.
The Limited trim adds up, 20-inch wheels, additional chrome exterior trim, automatic high beams, monotone paint, color-keyed bumpers, automatic wipers, the RamBox cargo management system is equipped with an adjustable bed divider and tie-downs, bedside storage compartments, keyless entry and ignition, and special black leather upholstery.
2018 Ram 2500 Laramie Longhorn trim adds up to the Laramie's substantial features list by including a;
Chrome mesh grille
Accent-colored bumper
Running boards
A Spray-in Bedliner
LED bed lights
Lastly, the off-road-themed Power Wagon comes only in crew-cab 4WD with the short bed and the V8 6.4-liter V8. It has some different minor exterior and interior styling alterations, but it's the extensive mechanical update that makes a Power Wagon sturdy. 
They include;
17-inch wheels shod with aggressive all-terrain tires
A manual transfer case
Bilstein off-road shock absorbers
Tow hooks
Skid plates
Hill descent control
Integrated front winch
Electronically locking rear and front differentials with a 4.10 axle ratio
A front anti-roll bar that can be disconnected electronically to improve wheel articulation off-road
To know more about the sturdy and efficient 2018 Ram 2500 trims, head to the Reliance Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram updated store today!
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brandonnatali · 4 years
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This ’86 BMW 325iX Is Priced Like a New 3-Series Because It Is One
The E30-generation BMW 3-Series has been elevated from used-car status to the lofty ranks of the collector car market. Even beat-up, high-mileage examples, which could be had for a song 10 years ago, now command considerable amounts of cash—pricing out most used car buyers seeking a cheap, rear-drive daily driver or track toy. With that said, we don’t think the E30 market has peaked yet. And even if it had, we’re having some trouble wrapping our brains around this 1986 BMW 325iX’s £48,000 (roughly $60,000 at current exchange rates) asking price.
To be fair, this particular example for sale by SuperVettura in the U.K. has a lot going for it. It’s one of the earliest 325iX models, the all-wheel-drive 3-Series variant first introduced in 1985. The 325iX was the first BMW ever to offer AWD, and it came with a 2.5-liter M20 inline-six fitted with the better-breathing “i” cylinder head, which produced a respectable-for-the-day 168 horsepower and 164 lb-ft of torque. The AWD system was designed with a permanent rearward torque bias, and utilized two viscous limited-slip differentials front and rear, in addition to a planetary center diff, to distribute anywhere from 10 to 90 percent of torque to either axle, depending on traction conditions. The iX could be had with a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission, and came in coupe, sedan, and wagon body styles. The 325iX arrived in the U.S. in 1988 but here it was only offered as a sedan.
This 325iX is also special because it somehow only has 508 km on its odometer, or roughly 316 miles. That insanely low mileage is reflected in the immaculate condition of the body and interior. The original Polaris Silver Metallic paint appears glossy and free of the fading clear coat you normally see on 30-year-old cars that have seen any amount of sun. There are also no visible dents or blemishes, with the fender flares and side skirts—unique to the iX to accommodate its wider track—still looking factory-fresh. Inside, the car is just as clean. The blue houndstooth cloth seats look as though they’ve never had a butt on them for any significant amount of time—and that might not be far from the truth considering this car has never been registered.
Don’t get us wrong—this is an incredibly well preserved E30. But is it really worth 60 grand? Other non-M3 E30s have sold for about that much in the past, but they’re usually ultra-rare models like this Alpina or are heavily modified like this S52-swapped car. This one, by comparison, is pretty basic. It has the standard cloth interior, an analog clock, and crank windows. It even has the base 14-inch steel wheels, though the hubcaps are in amazingly good shape. To better understand the price, it probably helps to know the seller’s regular clientele. You see, SuperVettura is England’s official Koenigsegg dealer. So if their customers are used to shelling out millions for a new Regera or Jesko, they wouldn’t bat an eye at $60K for what might be the world’s best-preserved E30.
For a little more perspective, this car cost £17,000 when new. When you adjust the asking price for inflation, it comes out to almost the exact same price in 1986 dollars. For a practically brand-new E30, perhaps that’s not so bad after all.
Read More The BMW 3 Series: History, Buying Tips, Photos, and More Mechanical and Simple: The BMW E30 The Ferrari F50: History, Generations, Specs, and More
 The post This ’86 BMW 325iX Is Priced Like a New 3-Series Because It Is One appeared first on Automobile Magazine.
This ’86 BMW 325iX Is Priced Like a New 3-Series Because It Is One published first on https://kwsseuren.tumblr.com/
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perksofwifi · 4 years
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This Minty, 316-Mile E30 3-Series Is Selling for How Much?!?
The E30-generation BMW 3-Series has been elevated from used-car status to the lofty ranks of the collector car market. Even beat-up, high-mileage examples, which could be had for a song 10 years ago, now command considerable amounts of cash—pricing out most used car buyers seeking a cheap, rear-drive daily driver or track toy. With that said, we don’t think the E30 market has peaked yet. And even if it had, we’re having some trouble wrapping our brains around this 1986 BMW 325iX’s £48,000 (roughly $60,000 at current exchange rates) asking price.
To be fair, this particular example for sale by SuperVettura in the U.K. has a lot going for it. It’s one of the earliest 325iX models, the all-wheel-drive 3-Series variant first introduced in 1985. The 325iX was the first BMW ever to offer AWD, and it came with a 2.5-liter M20 inline-six fitted with the better-breathing “i” cylinder head, which produced a respectable-for-the-day 168 horsepower and 164 lb-ft of torque. The AWD system was designed with a permanent rearward torque bias, and utilized two viscous limited-slip differentials front and rear, in addition to a planetary center diff, to distribute anywhere from 10 to 90 percent of torque to either axle, depending on traction conditions. The iX could be had with a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission, and came in coupe, sedan, and wagon body styles. The 325iX arrived in the U.S. in 1988 but here it was only offered as a sedan.
This 325iX is also special because it somehow only has 508 km on its odometer, or roughly 316 miles. That insanely low mileage is reflected in the immaculate condition of the body and interior. The original Polaris Silver Metallic paint appears glossy and free of the fading clear coat you normally see on 30-year-old cars that have seen any amount of sun. There are also no visible dents or blemishes, with the fender flares and side skirts—unique to the iX to accommodate its wider track—still looking factory-fresh. Inside, the car is just as clean. The blue houndstooth cloth seats look as though they’ve never had a butt on them for any significant amount of time—and that might not be far from the truth considering this car has never been registered.
Don’t get us wrong—this is an incredibly well preserved E30. But is it really worth 60 grand? Other non-M3 E30s have sold for about that much in the past, but they’re usually ultra-rare models like this Alpina or are heavily modified like this S52-swapped car. This one, by comparison, is pretty basic. It has the standard cloth interior, an analog clock, and crank windows. It even has the base 14-inch steel wheels, though the hubcaps are in amazingly good shape. To better understand the price, it probably helps to know the seller’s regular clientele. You see, SuperVettura is England’s official Koenigsegg dealer. So if their customers are used to shelling out millions for a new Regera or Jesko, they wouldn’t bat an eye at $60K for what might be the world’s best-preserved E30.
For a little more perspective, this car cost £17,000 when new. When you adjust the asking price for inflation, it comes out to almost the exact same price in 1986 dollars. For a practically brand-new E30, perhaps that’s not so bad after all.
 The post This Minty, 316-Mile E30 3-Series Is Selling for How Much?!? appeared first on MotorTrend.
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adriansmithcarslove · 4 years
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This Minty, 316-Mile E30 3-Series Is Selling for How Much?!?
The E30-generation BMW 3-Series has been elevated from used-car status to the lofty ranks of the collector car market. Even beat-up, high-mileage examples, which could be had for a song 10 years ago, now command considerable amounts of cash—pricing out most used car buyers seeking a cheap, rear-drive daily driver or track toy. With that said, we don’t think the E30 market has peaked yet. And even if it had, we’re having some trouble wrapping our brains around this 1986 BMW 325iX’s £48,000 (roughly $60,000 at current exchange rates) asking price.
To be fair, this particular example for sale by SuperVettura in the U.K. has a lot going for it. It’s one of the earliest 325iX models, the all-wheel-drive 3-Series variant first introduced in 1985. The 325iX was the first BMW ever to offer AWD, and it came with a 2.5-liter M20 inline-six fitted with the better-breathing “i” cylinder head, which produced a respectable-for-the-day 168 horsepower and 164 lb-ft of torque. The AWD system was designed with a permanent rearward torque bias, and utilized two viscous limited-slip differentials front and rear, in addition to a planetary center diff, to distribute anywhere from 10 to 90 percent of torque to either axle, depending on traction conditions. The iX could be had with a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission, and came in coupe, sedan, and wagon body styles. The 325iX arrived in the U.S. in 1988 but here it was only offered as a sedan.
This 325iX is also special because it somehow only has 508 km on its odometer, or roughly 316 miles. That insanely low mileage is reflected in the immaculate condition of the body and interior. The original Polaris Silver Metallic paint appears glossy and free of the fading clear coat you normally see on 30-year-old cars that have seen any amount of sun. There are also no visible dents or blemishes, with the fender flares and side skirts—unique to the iX to accommodate its wider track—still looking factory-fresh. Inside, the car is just as clean. The blue houndstooth cloth seats look as though they’ve never had a butt on them for any significant amount of time—and that might not be far from the truth considering this car has never been registered.
Don’t get us wrong—this is an incredibly well preserved E30. But is it really worth 60 grand? Other non-M3 E30s have sold for about that much in the past, but they’re usually ultra-rare models like this Alpina or are heavily modified like this S52-swapped car. This one, by comparison, is pretty basic. It has the standard cloth interior, an analog clock, and crank windows. It even has the base 14-inch steel wheels, though the hubcaps are in amazingly good shape. To better understand the price, it probably helps to know the seller’s regular clientele. You see, SuperVettura is England’s official Koenigsegg dealer. So if their customers are used to shelling out millions for a new Regera or Jesko, they wouldn’t bat an eye at $60K for what might be the world’s best-preserved E30.
For a little more perspective, this car cost £17,000 when new. When you adjust the asking price for inflation, it comes out to almost the exact same price in 1986 dollars. For a practically brand-new E30, perhaps that’s not so bad after all.
 The post This Minty, 316-Mile E30 3-Series Is Selling for How Much?!? appeared first on MotorTrend.
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