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thealmightyemprex · 11 months

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Top 10 Hammy 80's movie villains ranked by hammyness

Evil is over the top ,at least in film .So I wanted to do a list of my 10 favorite scene chewing villains but as I was thinking about and looking at the great scene chewers of cinema I noticed something ,the most insane over the top baddies tend to be from the 80's ,so doing my top 10 Hammy 80's villains ranked by hammyness ,so this isnt necesarily ranked by favorites ,just the most gloriously over the

10.Raven Shaddock from Streets of Fire-

I love this guy,This guy is bonkers.Played by a young Willem Dafoe ,this guy just does whatever he wants like rush on stage with his biker gang to kidnap a singer,Ellen Aim cause he thinks she is hot and challanges the main character Tom Cody to a SLEDGE HAMMER DUEL .So why isnt he higher? Well the ove the topness cause more from the script then performance and this is already a very over the top movie .I'm not saying Dafoe isnt hamming it up,It is Willem Dafoe after all ,ya got odd faces and he is doing this sort of southernish accent ,but I would say he is kind of channeling the classic black hat villains youd see in old westerns and I have also seen Dafoe go bigger .The fact this guy is only 10 shows you how over the top the other villains are

9.Audrey II from Little Shop of Horrors

This thing is a sassy voracious manipulative man eating singing plant...You dont expect it to be subtle .I debated whether to include vocal performances ,but...HOT DAMN ,Levi Stubbs brings it .See Levi Stubbs was not an actor nor did he have asperations to be one ,he was a singer ,and yet he brings such a energy to this role ,being both flamboyant but also powerful . Levis voice has a seductive yet dominant quality ,and props to the team of puppeteers ,making a villain that not only chews on the scenery but on its costars

8.The Kurgen from Highlander

An immortal warrior who seeks to slay other immortals to achieve a great prize ,on paper this guy is so flat ,just an elementally evil dude .....Thank GOD for Clancy Brown .I mean Brown is a very intimidating guy ,very tall with a deep voice that Brown adds a rasp to ,but Brown plays the role like a guy whio just loves fuckin with people ,like its not enough he kills people but he loves messing with them too .He drives insanely while mocking the love interest,barks at an old lady,licks a priest,etc.Like anything to get a reaction .Combined with his costuming ,and very bad hairstyle choices(YEs I am including when he shaves his head ) ,this is a villain with punk rock energy

7.The Joker in Batman

Hey what do you get when you take an already kind of out there actor,give him a perminate smile ,cove him in white makeup and just let him loose?Ya get Jack Nicholsons Joker.Now Joker is an over the top character,a grinning laughing madman whose sense of humor is murder and Nicholson was a perfect choice to play a demented gangster with a twisted sense of humor .Also of the live action Jokers ,he is the funniest

6.Skeletor from Masters of the Universe

So the hammyness of Frank Langella is diffrent then the others on this list .....Cause his over the topness is really a reflection of how seriously he is taking it ,as he is playing the role of this skullfaced overlord as if he was Macbeth or Richard III.Its a really good performance ,wreally hitnting that Skeletor feels trapped by his own villainy....What makes it hammy ,is just the contrast with everything around him,a shakesperian villain giving grand speaches while he fights a nearly naked muscled man ,and Billy Barty is running around,and there is a lizard creature and a beast man and a tough talkin cop and Courtney Cox is there-Just what is this movie?I'll tell ya:Its fun

5.Professor Ratigan from the Great Mouse Detective

Disney Villain played by Vincent Price ....Nah I dont need to explain this one

4.Baron Vladimir Harkonen from Dune

This....Is one of my favorite villains to qoute .A very vile man who seeks to take over Arakis and kill Duke Leto and his family , while flying around doing nasty things ,he is so grotesque it becomes funny .Hats off to Kenneth McMillian who COMMITS ,shouting,laughing ,and overall he just looks like he is having a BALL .He is such a weird creepy horrible man,he is kind of the reason I love the movie next to Patrick Stewart running into battle with a pug in his arms

3.Lord John Whorfin from the Adventures of Bukaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension

So Buckaroo Banzai is already a bonkers movie.,,,I swear,Jon Lithgow looked at the script and said"....I'll make it weirder "Playing a scientist posessed by an alien lizard from the 8th dimension ,in a sea of rather deadpan performances ,Lithgow stands out with his insane mannerisms and very goofy Italian accent

2.Stubbs from Enemy Mine

So Stubbs ,a cruel scavenger and slaver who kidnaps the adopted alien kid of the main character is only in the third act of the movie.Now if you havent seen the movie you might be asking ,"Emprex ,if he isnt in the movie a lot why is he so high"...Thats because he makes his minimal screen time count . A lot of it comes down to Brion James who just DEVOURS the scenery,shouting almost every line .I dunno ever since I saw this movie ,this asshole has really stuck with me

1.Frank Booth from Blue Velvet

A character so hammy he is kind of terrifying .In the world of the film everyone is wrather subdued.....Then Frank enters the film,screaming,rambling,raving and cursing and he is so unhinged it is truly frightening .DEniss Hopper is honestly perfect as this man who is a basically a raging id ,hes one of my favorite villains in film and by far one of the best scene chewers

So what do ya think?Agree?Disagree? Share your thoughts! Who is your favorite hammmy 80's movie villain?Who did I miss

@ariel-seagull-wings @filmcityworld1 @the-blue-fairie @princesssarisa @angelixgutz @amalthea9 @themousefromfantasyland @goodanswerfoxmonster @theancientvaleofsoulmaking

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inuhodo · 1 year

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🧠👃 for friend?

🧠 : What is your OC’s most mentally attractive attribute?

her most mentally attractive attribute is her several diagnosable mental disorders. jokes aside shes incredibly perceptive (to a detrimental hyperperceptive degree) which lends her to being able to say the right thing at the right time (or a calculated out of pocket wrong thing at the right time). this perceptiveness makes her a pretty good tactician despite the fact that she much rather would follow orders than give them. it does mean that if she has your back in a fight you can rest assured that its well guarded

👃 : Does your OC smell good? Do they have a signature scent?

wow the nose emoji is weird. anyways. she does not necesarily smell Good. but she does not smell Bad either. having peasant swag means she didnt have the luxury of fun smelling soaps or anything like that but when she moved to hightown she was able to actually get some soaps. her "signature scent" is whatever perfume isabela is wearing because friend is always crawling on isabela like a weevil

#i am Answering #transdankovsky #friend hawke #ask games

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chisatowo · 3 years

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I find it very funny that I cam enjoy naegami in almost any setting that isn't in game

#rat rambles #its not like necesarily bad or anything #its just that in game it feels like makoto doesnt give a shit about byakuya dmsmsjshsj #not even in a 'I dont like you' kind of way #makoto is confused by byakuya at most but otherwise he just doesnt care abt him djshdksgs #its very much byakuya's one sided crush djsksjdjsg #but Ive been thinking abt them a lil bit and honestly I could really see them becoming a thing during the post game #the version of naegami Im really going feral over right now though is rpg au naegami #during more towards the mid game the two start interacting more as byakuya finally goes 'fuck it' and starts laying on warm rock #and the two start some petty bickering since makoto is used to getting them to himself and byakuya refuses to share #and thats the gateway to them actually like. interacting more.#eventually she reach a bit of a truce but they still will bicker a bit but in a more lighthearted way this time #the real bonding starts once the fear and loneliness of it all starts to sink in more #and eventually its just the two of them laying together not really giving a shit about personal space since everyone is just so damn tired #idk if Im articulating this well but uh yeah

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yeojaa · 3 years

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Fboi!jk WHO’s lowkey in Love with oc🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺

[ request a milestone drabble ]

pairing. jjk x f!reader. rating. general. tags. infuriating college antics and mentions of drinking. that’s about it. wc. 0.9k. beta reader. n/a. author note. ty for the request! i hope you enjoyed, even though it’s a little sloppy and disjointed. 😐😐

Jeon Jungkook is many things: campus heartthrob, surprisingly smart (but exceedingly lazy), the guy who works the front desk of the university’s gym. He drinks too many coffees a day, keeps a photo of his dog in his wallet, and has a surprisingly big following on social media. (For his photography and not his thirst traps, which is perhaps the most surprising thing about him.)

He’s also the guy who shamelessly played you during his first year, wrapping you around his freshman finger as easily as a Red Vine at the movies. It’s why you don’t like him now, barely tolerating him each time you’re in the same vicinity.

(Unfortunately for you, your friend group overlap is massive - the worst kind of venn diagram.)

“Stop,” your best friend chides, legs hooked over her boyfriend’s lap, the tip of her finger digging deep into your side, assaulting the sensitive side of your ribs. You almost knock over your drink with how much it startles you, leg making forceful contact with the bottom of the table.

Beer sloshes out of its glass, three heads whipping to stare in your direction. “Sorry!” You play it off with a wave of your hand, gaze bouncing to Mina’s, brow knit tight over your stare. “Stop what?”

“Stop glaring at him.” The way she says it makes it seem stupid - as if the answer is the most obvious thing in the world. You resent her for it, though not nearly as much as you resent him for existing.

“I’m not.”

“You are.” It’s two voices at once, Hoseok chiming in with his girlfriend.

You resent Jung Hoseok too. He’s the whole reason you’re stuck here on this Friday night, seated in the kitchen of the frat house. He’s the one who’d tangled everything together, turning your group of girlfriends into literal girlfriends. (You’re happy for them, you swear. Joon is a sweetheart and Yoongi might always seem like he’s bothered but he’s nice too. Even Hoseok is actually okay.)

“He’s being an attention whore,” you retort, probably more petulantly than you need to, with needles sticking out of syllables, two year’s worth of history slipping alongside vowels.

“He’s literally just sitting there.”

Mina’s not wrong - but he’s also flirting. Shamelessly. With one of the girls that seem to always be at these things, all chiming laughter and brilliantly white teeth. You’ve seen her a handful of times, almost always at Jungkook’s side for at least some portion of the evening.

“Give it a break, ____.”

You wish you could. In fact, you’d like nothing more than to not care about Jeon Jungkook and his infuriating antics. It’d save you a lot of frustrations, make it so much easier to exist on the same campus as him.

Because as it stands, it’s next to impossible not to be reminded of him, to go a single day without hearing about how great he is with his stupid boopable nose and sparkly eyes. Every day, from friends or strangers, it’s simp central.

You hate it.

Jeon Jungkook is good at many things: passing classes he barely attends (which isn’t that many, because he is actually pretty studious all things considered), making jungle juice that could knock out an elephant, dying his hair pink.

He’s also apparently really good at pissing people off when he doesn’t mean to. Call it a skill of his.

One he’d honed with you, nearly three years ago now. Back when he’d been young and stupid and uncertain, when he hadn’t quite grown into well, much of anything, when he’d had his priorities all messed up.

Maybe he shouldn’t have broken up with you within two months - citing needing to focus on school - and then dated someone shortly thereafter. Maybe he shouldn’t have seemed to find himself in every class of yours, sitting across the lecture hall listening to the professor drone on and on about statics. Maybe he shouldn’t have introduced one of his fraternity brothers to someone he knew you knew.

(He says maybe but he knows they were all bad choices made by an underveloped brain, too addled by Thursday night pub crawls and a grass is always greener on the other side mentality.)

Sometimes, he feels bad. He doesn’t miss the way you pointedly ignore him when he’s around, how your expression seems to be stuck in a permanent scowl any time you catch sight of him.

(He’d have to be dumb to not notice all of that and while Jungkook is many things, dumb isn’t necesarily one of them. Immature maybe. Impulsive definitely.)

“Where’d ____ go?”

Someone else asks the question he wants to but keeps caged behind his teeth, hidden past his molars.

Mina sighs dramatically, pats her boyfriend’s cheek, and shrugs. “Who knows.”

But Jungkook knows. Thinks he knows, anyway. You’ve left, because you always leave when he does things you hate. (And you hate everything he does.)

One day he’ll get the courage to apologise to you, to explain that he still misses you. He knows it won’t be well-received (why would it be?) but he’ll offer it anyway, awkward and stilted and not nearly as apologetic as it should be.

Today isn’t that day though.

#work.zip #drabble.zip #jungkook.doc #mdrabble.zip #bts drabble #bts imagine #bts au #jungkook drabble #jungkook imagine #jungkook au #anon.eml #incoming.eml

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ana-of-devildom · 3 years

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A Devildom Halloween

I LOVE HALLOWEEN and playing this event cranked it up to 11.

Ok, this event was everything I love about this game. The premise is that the brothers are planning a surprise birthday party for Diavolo with a twist. Instead of the usual fancy-nancy party, it will be a Halloween-theme party. So, right off the bat, I’m recollecting that his highness’s birthday is Halloween day and in the main story, there was no given date. I’m thinking “Wait, its always been formal for thousands of years and he [Diavolo] straight-up never said anything about wanting a different theme for his own party. He’s supposed to have a say in this!” It’s established that the celebration lasts 3 days, which reminds me of dia de los muertos; the 31st is dia de los innocentes, a night of remembering children who have passed and we celebrate by having our version of trick-or-treat. Nov. 1st is dedicated to the adults long passed and on the second is dedicated to a graveyard party. It’s a happy occasion.

Anyways, the reasons why its never changed up until the exchange program is because high-ranking demons show up to this cotillion. Lucifer is orchestrating the whole thing and MC is the second-in-command. Nice! I like Lucifer so I was happy to go along with this.

Moving on, Lucifer doesn’t know Diavolo well to the point where he knows his interest, so we head to Demon Lord’s castle. Upon arriving, we find out that Diavolo is out and about, leaving a great opportunity for Barbatos to tell us everything and no need to be highly suspicious. While we’re waiting in Barbatos’s room, Lucifer states that Diavolo means a lot to him. *coughs* gay *clears throat* But also mention MC, real subtle, that they are also important to him. Awww. Cue the harps and lyres.

Lucifer: “Sit still...or I won’t be able to kiss you.”

Sir, come here. Guten take me. Be still my beating spark.

Lucifer: “We’ll have to continue this when we get home”

Umm.. yes please, daddy.

Every brother is assigned a different aspect of the party. Mammon’s in charge of gifts, Levi’s in charge of music (this is a bad choice imho), Satan with costumes, Asmo with the cuisine, Beel’s emcee, and Belphie’s in charge of decorating.

I wanna mention Levi’s choice of music: chiptunes and anisong from the anime Clannad (I know, its Devinnad, leave me alone). First off, *sigh* its a Halloween party and secondly, we have to keep Diavolo in mind. I chose to ask if he likes music besides anisongs, this boy straight up said the “song you recommended the other day. I like that song, it reminded me of you.” Dude, you’ll despise my music taste, I know it for a fact. My music taste is inconsistent from 2000′s classics to indie surf punk rock, I don’t necesarily have a favorite song. But at the time of the original release of this event, I was listening to Breathe Carolina’s Bury Me, Gerard Way’s Baby You’re a Haunted House, Marilyn Manson’s This is Halloween, Ho-lloween by Emily’s Army, and Get Scared’s Dance with the Dead. Idk what you mean by these songs reminding you of me but go off, I guess. But that one song that does remind me of myself (gods, this sounds narcissistic) would be Art School by Remo Drive. That’s a far cry from the one’s I’ve mentioned.

I want to appreciate Belphie for not being salty towards Dia during the entire time he’s decorating and the theme for party being a horror flick. Genius!!

#obey me #obey me event #i wanted to rant #about my music taste #talk about a holiday #thats dear to my heart #remo drive #breathe carolina #indie rock #surf punk rock

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obsidian-fragments · 3 years

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everything was better when no one knew how much i struggled, i could fake every emotion and it never mattered what i wanted nor what i like but i feel exposed now, someone knows i stuggle but i dont know if they even care sometimes, and my metal spirals always come down to everything would be better if i died, i wouldnt hear the voices telling me to take my eyes out because "you dont need them where you are going" whatever the hell that means, if i died many people would feel terrible but only for a while, everyone would get over it and keep living their lifes whithout meand that makes me feel relieved

Everything would be less stressful if i didnt have to figure out who i am what i whatn what i can do, what i do remember, everything is always so fucking confusing but if i dont figure out that stuff and just live my life in the haze i would be like a zombie, i wouldnt feel anything and thats not bad sometimes but its not good either. The haze is conforting, is my safe place but it also steals a huge part of my life and my soul, i dont know who i am, and sometimes i cant reconcile stuff i know i should like with what i feel like i know if i see a skull i should get it, or that i put the same playlist every time i take a shower or that i always wear the same pair of shoes, stuff i dont necesarily like but its like a set of rules that i should follow to keep being me but im not really confortable with that, i hate only wearing the same three colours wine, military green, black and beige, ALWAYS or using only the cutlery that doesnt have a handle only because once i made a fuzz about it but i dont really know why, or having to frequently lie about the most stupid stuff only because i dont remember but i should

i hate this, i dont have control of my own life, im surrounded by a ball of lies and spmetimes i dont know if its worth it

#mio #mine

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dbssh · 4 years

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2, 5, 7, 15, 22, 24 (a LOT i know) anyone you want really but i was thinking vic and aja

NEVER APOLOGIZE FOR SENDING TOO MANY I LOOVE THISSSS

2. What is their weapon of choice, and what weapon do they dislike using the most?

Aja is best with hand-to-hand and also likes to use staffs (as much as i like the concept of aja with a sword the uh. lethality of it is not her style). She hates guns and wont use them unless she has no other option and then she still would rather throw a punch.

victor uses enchanted weapons, primarily his big magic gun that does whatever i need it to do to make the scene work. he's impressively capable as a spellslinger with no weapons as well, though hes bogus with any melee weapon or hand-to-hand, or anything that requires physical strength.

5.What kind of weather makes them happy, and what kind makes them sad?

hm. neither of them really like thunderstorms, bad memories and all. Aja still does like the rain, though, especially the grey air right after the rain has stopped. She also loves foggy mornings, and snow. Victor would prefer All Weather to Stop Forever and generally doesnt go outside :/

7. What clothing do they like to wear, and what do they wear most often?

aja wears a lot of stuff! she loves dresses though and the only thing keeping her from only having dresses is the impracticality of fighting for your life in a floor-legnth sundress. And the fact that she has to handmake all pf her clothes and she cant really sew (fine motor control issues) and she hates asking people to do stuff for her. She basically just wears the same two outfits over and over because of that fact.

victor wears very plain and practical clothes, with the exception being that it all has to be loose as fuck. even though he's transitioned fully (top surgery and been on t for like literal decades) he still HATES anything that shows off his body. he also must at all times wear gloves, its required.

15. Where in their body do they keep stress or tension?

Aja is her shoulders, and she also balls her fists a lot. Victor clenches his jaw really hard without noticing he's doing it.

22. What are they like when they get sick? Do they have a particular system (ears, lungs, etc) that illness gravitates to?

neither of them can really get sick anymore cuz theyre semi-immortals but when victor could get sick he tended towards fevers. he was a pretty sickly kid.

24. How do they react to being physically injured or undergoing medical treatment?

aja hates it she hates it so much. injury she can usually ignore but she hates someone else being close to her body. the only person allowed to touch her if she's hurt is hutch, which isnt great because Hutch's medical knowledge is. not great.

victor literally just ignores it which he's triply capable of post-lichy-business because he isnt rooted in his body anymore and his sensations are literally almost entirely numb. He could be walking around like that monty python sketch with no limbs and be like "no im fine! tis but a scratch aha nothing to see here im going to keep working!" its not necesarily self-destructive he just views his body as disposable and second in importance to his work.

#asks #oc talk #ordovicians #oc: aja #oc: victor

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jamesdazell · 5 years

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Un Monstre Sacré

ART AND REPRESENTATION

(2019)

Enamorado de ti, de tu vida y de lo que quieres.

- Frida Kahlo

I’m tired of reconsiderig my story in the mind of the idealism of present fashionable criticism.

Concentrate on what you have to say and the images which manifest themselves to you. Stories are more than their features, their meaning runs much deeper than its costume. Consider the representation and diveristy only if it tells your story better, makes your characters explore their themes better, adds to their own story. You can make whatever art you want to make. No matter if it goes against the idealisms of the day. Idealisms come and go, the whole of art history shows us, but no one has the right to shut down your own stories and interpretation of life that you need to express. We’re running close to a prescribed imagination, not a free one, where the manifesto is a total and political movement, not an arts movement. Full of ideals but not ideas. Right now its like the Puritanical movement, if not a bonfire of vanities, against those who transgress the ideals of the day. Make whatever art that has been revealed to you to make. Make art with whatever great inspiration you had to make it and do not apologise for how it is manifested.

Your imagination is a cerebral reflex. Don’t apologise or criticise it for not representing the ideals of the movements of the day. I’m not bothered about representation in art as I think it goes against the whole job of art.

Artists and writers are representations of the cultural history of their time (they're not the only that, but even that is informative about the time). Not everything about them is going to be golden, maybe everything will be bad taste and bad intelligence. But in any case, it is far far more important think with them as if in conversation and disucssion. Their purpose is to stimulate thought not to emboss on it on the minds who receive it. To be honest it seems clear why the Bibles were so effective. Most people want to be told what to think and to have their own thoughts amplified back at them, they want to have something celebrate them, and to rise up in significance by celebration.

No matter where or who the work comes from, I wouldn't favour anyone for their cultural representation but for the talent and ideas their work carries. Great work is recognisible immediately. It affects on a cross-cultural level. I'm always looking to become foreign to myself, both in culture and time. The act of de-culturising seem more to the task than to represent it. Foreignness might illuminate and ignite dormant aspects within me that my own culture may not. So it is better to be in conversation than to outright reject, because it mattered, and if it mattered enough to be remembered and preserved, and to be copied (often by hand) through the centuries or ever just the last hundred years, then it probably meant something on a deeper level that is beyond their cultural representations, into a deeper part of humanity, whether the good or bad side. So through them we can understand ourselves.

The purpose of representative writers is more needed by institutions and publishers etc but in artist's work the aim ought to be to dissolve those differences and to find the human being in experiences and the stories we tell. Like Susan Sontag said in conversation with John Berger about story-telling, she doesnt need to be a Russian man in Russia, or even feel like one, to read Tolstoy. And any reading of it in that way would be a superficial reading. That's not what’s on offer in a work of that magnitude. Likewise to quesiton whether the lead in a story is a man or a woman. It doesn't matter in itself. It only matters to the dramatic nature of the story. There are so many possible ways to unravel a narrative, that the lead doesn't signify anything but a focus. The lead could be positive or negative traits, the purpose of a lead could be celebratory or negation. The point is the same as ever. To tell great stories.

It annoys me when people say how sexist Japan is (and it always comes from the Anglosphere who have a terrible time of seeing themselves as they are). When Japan has such a great history of female lead characters (and female charaters in general) who are both heroic and admirable, that Japan should rather be an inspiration for telling female lead stories more than the west's tradition. What representative writing is doing (though is not saying) is suggesting that certain ideas and arts belong to different races, genders, sexualities. There are certainly particular experiences only certain people will be able to tell, but then you run in the problem that certain races, genders, sexualities, are supposed to tell stories in a certain stereotyped way because it represents them. Take class for instance; that a working class writer is supposed to write about working class life and in a stereotypical way. It makes no sense but to write with and read it with your own humanity. That is the point of reading and writing, to reengage with our humanity. Hemmingway innovated, but that style doesn't belong to his race and sexuality. At the end of the day, no matter how representative, all you're doing is telling a story and or making an artistic choice, and it needs to be coming from your deeper humanity, that dissovles boundaries and shows there isn't a difference between us. I don't believe there is necesarily homosexual art anymore than homosexual science. The purpose isn't to write autobiography. I would never begin to think of Lorca's poetry as a homosexual perspective. His poetry is universal, he transgressed those social, political, cultural representations. He dissolved as he defied them: as a human being. He humiliated them as he transgressed representation. He became everyone, on everyone's essential journey, a primordial everyone. That rather seems the ambition and the proper task. So, I can never see the seduction in representational writing. Art’s very purpose is to liberate ourselves from the privilege of an authorial stance of representation. To dissolve differential representation back into a unity of a human being. To reveal, from the cultural political delusion, the communalness and universals of our being human.

Characters exist to embody a theme to tell a story, they define their character by decisions and actions they make. Without that they would be autonomous, independant from the story, representing exactly what they are for the sake of being. We have a name for that: reality TV. Reality TV as the fulfillment of modern dramatic theory; the most naturalistic, identifiable, devised, post dramatic, audience participation, theatrical entertainment one can imagine, unfolding in real time along the lines of life without the logic of narratives.

Turn on the TV and Reality TV is there either as the news, people eating, people dating, people’s jobs, people’s cultural aspirations, or people selling things on the market. A frieze of national life as an interactive game show. We even now demand that fictional characters are played by their representative real life identity. Reality TV is all people really want. Real life stories about real life people, played by real life people for real life people. There is no question who the ideal character is. Theres no point in having idealistic characters, because they have nothing to learn. They are in themsevles a fulfilment. What journey do they have to go through. What themes are they able to explore. Reality is more conplex than there being good people whose attitudes we like and bad people whose attitudes we don't.

Characters are representations of themes, they help explore themes. If the themes and meaning of the story is good, then the characters will be good. Then the representation will be justified. What matters is from how a deep an instinct, an interpretation, if for lack of a better word a soul the story sprung from.

Progressives in art: I always find progressives in arts, especially those who outright reject the past, to be a continuation of that same spirit, which they are sadly too ignorant to have perceived. It was rather that they have found a different expression, maybe a more honest expression of the same spirit. And the very idea that it was able to seem progressive was because the culture had changed underneath. That it was this time and not another. In in the final analysis of their progressiveness you see they were bondaged to the time their lived in that it hardly seems a progressive act at all but one that was merely an expressive of prevailing conscience of the time that had erupted in a few people. But there is no such thing as progess in the arts. Every activity in art is the art of a human or a group of humans. Their life is its own condition within a certain set of condiitons. They are representative only of the condition it was made. Their lifespan cannot be compared to the life of another in terms of progress. Neither has art a goal to measure progress upon. And if it did, are we further towards a goal now than in any earlier time? And any possible yes, then an earlier time must have had the same goal as the progressors in art to.... I give up. There is no progress in art. Everything is a representation merely of a human being, the community, or the age that it was made it, each with its own values and ideas that belong to being a human being, not the progress of human beings. For in fact nothing in humanity progresses, because the measurement of progress itself depends on parameters of leaning towards or away from our values, which can only be a subjective axiom.

Anything "progressive" means an old aspiration conducted more openly and honestly; which appeals to all subterranean risings; perhaps a crisis which for a long time has been in conflict with a masterful way which, to the subterranean, now seems simply an old fashioned idealism. But it is only a re-expression. Even the masterful way was really their way but unfaithful to its condition. Whatever becomes progressive is merely a more honest approach, a step towards being more faithful to its impetus condition. Progress is a condition striving to express itself more honetly and value itself more openly. "Improvement" is arbitrary to the matter.

Popular culture is often more conservative than so-called elite culture because it reflects a caricature of the general public, and so isn't intellectual curious or demanding enough to be ahead of the curve by the ideas it embodies. It perpetuates old ideals in flashy new colours.

Now we're surrounded by ordinariness masking itself as extraordinary. The ordinary is no longer embarrassed before itself. It has even become critical of the extraordinary. Instead of being humbled by the great achievements of the past we are arrogant even before the future.

People now have so little historical minds. All those who want to break from the past are always the most ignorant of it. Art right now lacks an intellectual energy that has soaked up the intellectual thought of humanity and can say "this is an intelligent thought in 2020 that on its own merit could be in conversation with the thoughts past and knows where it would be placed in the lineage.” However, people are having anti-intellectual ahistorical attiudes. People are attacking history for not being diverse in cultural representation, are attacking the best minds for not being their Jesus figure of imitation, and have great disbelief in things which they cannot do themselves. There is no genius that belonged to this race or that, or this religion but not that, or this gender or that. We talk of them because of what they had done, and what that meant to the time, and to us, and that we dont talk about some of the people worth talking about is an historical expression of the time. There are many clever people, many talents, but the genius is the humanity within it, that they transgressed their “character” into something more fundamental either about ourselves or the world around us. That they dissolved their cultural and political position, and became a human being.

However, people are now saying the literature canon needs revision. Kafka said on how to choose a book that literature should be the axe that smashes the frozen ice within you. Discover your books that mean the wrold to you. Read whatever you want, but don’t read a canon. Read whatever makes your heart beat, your breathing clearly, what positively changes your brain, and makes you feel at home in their words. Any really great writer will ascend beyond what they are. Discovering art should not be deprived to us. And we should not expect children to admire the artists and writers they were taught about at school, no matter if it is revised. These schooled artists will always be those artists they had to study and do homework on. On rarely will they become the artists they love.

I dont think we should revise anything. An education is not being taught what to learn, its discovering your own thoughts. And real educatioin isn’t like stacking knowledge up in a warehouse but mixing wine in to water, it alters the whole composition. Being knowledgable is knowing more things - there are game shows for that - a real eduation requires much forgetting. We should be far more encouraging of independent guided learning. School should help develop general characteristics of the brain. The Greeks had their nine canonical of poets, the japanese had 36 inmortals of poetry (one for men and women). They dont have to be our favourites. No one has robbed you of that choice. But these canons tell us about the way people thought at a time. And no time, no matter how blind by its idealism can be, no time is the truth and end of a conversation. It is easy to look back and dismiss it, to avoid the harder choice of measuring up to its cultural affect.

Every artistic decision has a psychologically relative world view. Artistic choices are reflexes. In art (rather in everything) nothing is purely theoretical. Everything is fully representational of your conditional perspective, and feeling of existence. You always have to wind it back to that. Everything else is a secondary effect. Ideas and attitudes are just reflexes. An art cannot be a definition of its form, but only of the condition of the artist who made it, which subsequently gives us some impression of the age it was made in depending on its context. No painting defines painting, no music can define music, no poem poetry, nor dance dance.

People go to the theatre not to think but to see a caricature of their own views, executed with the technique of a children's toy commercial. Showing them everything they love. Now people read books this way too. In valuing books, people only want to see themselves reflected in them. Even when great books are in vogue, they choose to read them because they already know what they are about and going to say and they finish with the same mind as they had begun reading them. People read 1984 because they already know what it is about, and what it is going to say. Most people simply want to amplify their own point of view.

Right now stories are like a dramatised op-ed article, featurig their token selling point of diversity, with critics acting as the puritanical bonfire of transgressions of the ideals of the day. But the game is the same as always: to make incredible stories. To interpret life artistically. You have to research in order to find the right symbols for your work. Like going through layers and layers and doors and doors but you keep running into the same symbols. For a visual culture were actually really bad a symbols.

So you have an idea, fine, but thats not enough, you have to be able to pull it off in the form of a great story. Its not enough just to say youre against something and that you made your work from an ideal. You have to tell great stories, or make great performances. Our story telling is becoming conceptual where the idea behind it is supposed to mean more than the actual merit of the work of art. Which shows our minds are becoming conceptual, less artistic, and more scientific. The concentration on the technique of great arts, of all great arts and great artists, is an insight and experience of reality much higher than that of science.

There has been an increase in melodrama this century. All American television and film (that wasn’t but somewhat including the Marvel / DC films) seems to have been melodrama (of course French cinema, and independant, has been for longer - its their penchant). Melodrama is sadistic. Its full of pathetic characters who if they werent so pathetic they wouldn't be in this mess. If not of their own fault then they deal with it in a pathetic way. The effect on me is not pity but frustration, like watching a sympathetic horror movie. Sympathy is a sin in art. It makes your characters pathetic and all i can think whilst watching them is if they werent so patheric they wouldnt be in this mess and this wouldnt be a story. If a solution is befitting and negates its whole existence, the idea of the story is bad. Its not their circumstance, its the sympathy that is requested. Melodrama is sadistic - and this is coming from a guy obsessed with Greek tragedy. Euripides wrote melodrama, he wrote romanticism, satyr play, and tragi-comedy, but Euripides did not write tragedy. Character drama/study is always melodrama because it depends on the investigation of the 'soul' the innermost of them. Tragedy is concerned with overarching events that reveal the religious (Dionysian - most closely today related to Shiva that they’re almost the same) nature of the universe, people as agents of action, but not people as characters.

Art can be whatever. Yes. But don't just go with your instincts like an amateur. You have to understand the meaning of choices, in order to change your instincts. To make your instincts artistic. Otherwise there's no difference between you and your audience. And you don't take them anywhere than they arrived.

Then there is the insistance on “accessibility” which can be unhealthy because it rejects the high bar and creates stereotypes of styles. It creates new idealism in the character of the work. And it gives marit of accomplishment just for showing up. Make accessibility wide but on the same basis of making great art In respect and recognition of where the high bar is set.

The worth of a book, music, film today is merely judged by how much it is needed at the time it arrives. The public and the critic have the judgement of the tradesman weighing cattle at the market, as they estimate everything merely for value of supply and demand.

Frida Kahlo "I dont give a shit what the world thinks"

Critics and social media seem to be having their own insular conversation and they go to movies or listen to music or whatever and judge it on how much they can continue to have that conversation whilst experiencing the work of art, which cannot exist on the merits of its own.

Majoritism is to anoit bad taste and bad talent over good. To put amateurs in charge. I think less educated and amateur care much more about it.

"There is one good opinion which must always be of consequence to you, namely, your own." R. W. Emerson

Social media has created the method audience. Instead of the method actor disagreeing with the director over the way a character is portrayed its the audience. Or maybe they feel themselves executive producers. But certainly anything but an audience. They complain as if theyve been forced to pay at gun point.

The idealism our age has just put a chip on people's shoulder and given all a licence to have an attitude about everything. The opinions of the public dont matter, thats why they feel their deep rights to have them. I'm not an audience first type of artist. The public come to market, and the market sways, but it has no reigns on the artistic activity that has travelled further in its pursuit of ideas than they may have ever been. To make a work of art involves obliterating and exhausting oneself, in pursuit of techniques and ideas that inform the works direction and merit, and reassembling oneself. To dicard that for the public who come to market and place it on the weighing scale of ideals is a joke.

Plesse be rude, derogatory, offensive, insensitive. Its a cruelest humanity that sacrifices its cruelty. It's against our nature. The 21st century is the conservative 40s and 50s, with the yuppies of the 80s, that overturned the free spiritedness of the 20s and 30s, 60s and 70s.

Make whatever goddamn work you want to make, and that will be the work you made. Just be proud to have manifested what you had envisioned in whatever form you wanted to tell it and be proud it has your name attached to it. And dont take criticism from those who do not inspire you.. Being an artist is to be your own beast. Un monstre sacré.

#represenation #representative #writer #poet #poetry #writing #literature #literaryblog #writerblog #writertumblr #littumblr #literarytumblr #socialmedia #social media #frida kahlo #fridakahlo #jamesdazell #james dazell

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fipindustries · 3 years

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advice for my younger self

listening to that playlist i shared earlier today really got me in the mindframe of me back in my first years of college when i was barely starting to learn what it was to be an adult. and thinking about that i thought of some thing i would ike to say to that person, some bits of basic wisdom that without getting too specific or too monumental would have made a big difference. things that i know i wouldnt have figured out on my own until it was too late.

this is not about specific mistakes i made but more general attitudes that i should have carried with me back then. most of this is going to be very particular and make sense only to me but if you are interested keep reading.

1) you dont have to complete your carrer in five years, you can take six or seven or ten years to do it, your parents would have assisted you all the same

1.a) as for studying, for christ sake dont just read the textbooks, if you are giving a big test and specifically if its a big oral lesson, write it down before hand, prepare a speech, write a monologue, practisce it, memorize it. prepare specifically what you are going to say when you are in front of the teachers, dont try to just “learn” it and hope that you’ll be able to recall it during the test

1.b) you dont have to take every single course in the semester, you can pick two or three you are really interested in, let the others by the wayside, pick them up later, use the free time to really study properly or get a simple part time job if you can, i know its sounds scary and like its a lot of responsability and like it diverges wildly from the plan you have for your life but trust me, its a lot easier than it sounds

2) dont be afraid of mental illness. is not as scary as it looks form the outside in. you are not gonna go insane, you are not going to get lost in a false world of delusion where you can never know what is real and what isnt. reality asserts itself, things calm down, it goes away. you get through it and you realize is not that bad from the other side. mental illness is a lot more common than you think, a lot more widespread than you think and a lot more manageable that you think. is not the end of the world and is not the end of your world either.

2.a) dont be afraid of the therapist, you will actually enjoy it a lot. it doesnt mean there is something terribly wrong or broken with you. its not shameful. they are smart and trained and they are glad to hear you talk. they are not going to force you into anything you dont want, they are not going to turn you into someone else, they are not going to send you to a mad house. their primary goal is that you be comfortable and at peace with yourself. go to a therapist.

3) keep your eyes open for any boardgame clubs. ask around, i know for a fact there is at least one in every city you’ve lived, maybe not yet at the time of you reading this but there will be. if you find them, join. they are the best thing that has ever happened to you.

4) if you happen to have sexual partners (and im not saying you definetly will) make sure they have a good time. ask what they want and do it for them. make sure they cum, seriously. stay with them. spend time together. cuddle in bed. they are having sex with you so the least you can do is have sex with them as well.

4.a) and by that same token, if you are in a relationship dont doubt to ask for sex too! be open about that, be forthcomming, but do be respectful. and if they say no or that they dont like to do that you should probably end the relationship, you are not going to be happy with them.

4.b) dont be afraid to try on womens clothes, you have my blessing, explore your femmenine side, try on make up. try on the fake boobies. do silly frilly pinky femmenine stuff. i know it’s just a weird fetish for you but if you have a partner be open with them about this and if they are supportive or want to help you explore this take full advantage. and dont worry, its not some dirty disgusting terrible secret that must be hidden from everyone. your friends and family are going to be ok with it if it ever comes out but dont feel is some dark secret that you must confess either, its your bussiness and for you to figure out at your own pace (also, hey, weird tip, i know it will sound absolutely nonesensical to you but did you know there are a lot of trans women who are trans without expiriencing dysphoria, just a fun fact i wanted to share with you :) )

5) dont be afraid of SJWs, they are not going to take away your games, they are not going to ruin cartoons or art or books or movies. masterpieces will still come out, well written, well drawn, well programmed and well animated masterpieces that you will love. you will be amazed at how easy is to ignore those people and how irrelevant they actually are once you stop following them on tumblr and once you stop going to twitter.

5.a) if you think politics is stupid or cancerous now, wait until 2016, ok?

5.b) learn to apologize and own up to your mistakes. if a friend or an acquaintance is telling you that you are being an asshole online dont get defensive, just drop it and move on. dont make a huge deal out of it and dont engage in long protracted discussions online. just dont, you will embitter yourself, this is particularly salient because to this day you are having problems with this one, though not as frequently as you used to.

6) this one is more superficial i think because overall you did well on your own without advice from the future but... trust in your art. you will will amaze yourself with the things you will create. you ARE going to get a LOT better at what you do and you will learn a lot of things you never thought you would be able to master. you are going to become an amazing artist (that doesnt necesarily mean a financially succesful one or a widely known one but you will be good at it and, trust me, that is what matters)

7) i know you’ve heard this one a million times but this one is cheating because i am from the future and i know this for a fact, you will be ok. things will work out, you will, time and again, find the way to fall on your feet, your family and friends will be there to catch you. you have a safety net, you are very lucky in that regard, dont take it for granted but it is there. you are not gonna end up homeless in the streets or raped in a dark alley or expelled on in prison or in a mental hospital, so relax and stop being so scared. you have ten very weird years ahead of you so good luck with that.

ps: you are going to meet a girl named zoe, she’s great, she’s the best. dont go live to hear apartment if you dont have a stable job and able to pay your own rent. and if you do make sure you moved out of it by february of 2020. if fact if at all possible, try not to be in cordoba by 2020. you are going to be fine as long as you are careful, you are not gonna die, i repeat YOU ARE NOT GONNA DIE. but do be extremely careful. thats it, godspeed.

#fip living life

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yelloweyes2 · 6 years

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I’ve seen a lot of Satellites disapointed because the latest Run episode and the behind the scenes didn’t have many Jikook interactions. Many people feel insecure for all the moments other couples had during those episodes, and also in Burn the Stage and the fanmeetings in Japan. All I can say is: why? I don’t see a problem in any of that.

First thing I noticed when I became an ARMY was that BTS was not very prodigal in fanservice on their own. If the script requires it, they do it, but they are not usually active doing shipping fanservice. They are close and touchy, they share lots of skinship naturally, but I noticed they don’t do it for shipping purposes, at least nowadays. At the begining, it was different. When BTS were rookies trying to make themselves a space in the kpop world, they had to do some of the usual fanservice routines. They tried to be liked, and since they already were close and affectionate with each other, fanservice came without much effort. Later on, when they were more confident and stablished, the shipping fanservice decreased gradually. Of course, it never disappeared, but it was less frequent, and more obvious to be clasified as such.

Now, what I noticed in recent days, is that this tendency has reversed. I agree with fellow Satellites that there’s a lot of moments with other couples recently, mainly TK and YM (the reasons are obvious: both ships have big fanbase & by shipping them, they rip appart the offending ship, Jikook) I also noticed that in the latest Run ep, the editors cut Kookmin a lot. That was something they weren’t doing in a while. For some months already, we enjoyed a lot of moments, even emphasized by captions. It seemed like the staff was testing if they could sell it as fanservice, and up until now, it looked like they decided it was safe to keep hidding Jikook in plain sight. But things have changed in the last 2 episodes, and also in the fanmeetings.

Maybe it’s because when they leave it to Jikook, the boys become too obvious and attached to the hip, so the fanservice excuse can’t be sustained. Maybe it’s because when they compare a real fanservice moment with the things Jikook do (even if what they are doing is technically fanservice), the difference it’s too noticeable. Maybe the staff, and even the members, are scared now, since BTS is such a phenomenon, and they don’t want to risk it anymore.

To understand what they are fearing, just take a look at what happened with Suran recently. A small tweet, with an ambiguous interpretation that made some people asume she was dating Suga. Well, the uproar against her was so loud she deleted the tweet and apologized. And this was the response to an hetero couple. Imagine if it was Kookmin, a gay couple... How do you expect their homophobic media would react?

I understand their point. They are big, but not even the more stablished stars can be sure not to fall (just look at Kanye) They are just starting to shine, they are not established in the international stardom. This is their firts real step in the american music industry; they need all our votes and support, and let me tell you: even if we trust the international fanbase will support them, not all ARMY are ok with homosexuality as a real fact. A considerable part of the new fanbase are young passionate girls, with different aproaches to the topic. Yaoi and doujinshis serve as good as kpop fanservice to fuel fantasies, but if the same girls discover that there’s a real gay couple in BTS, maybe they will abandon, disgusted. Even the fact that their ship is not the real one could be a reason to quit, and, honestly, I wouldn’t care much about it and I wouldn’t mind if they just go, but things are more complicated than that.

People won’t mature if you just block them and refuse to dialog with them. The inmature teens that started cheering for BTS in 2013 have changed and grown with them. BTS members made mistakes in the past, but they matured, they learned. Is the same with ARMY. We are all together. Even the inmature hetero teens.

Now, going back to Jikook: why I’m not worried or insecure with all the other ships aparently sailing? Well, first of all, I’m not a shipper. I believe Jikook is real, but I’m not 100% sure and I don’t claim what I think it’s the actual truth. Everything is based on my own interpretation, and I hadn’t seen anything that makes me doubt that they share an special bond. If they are just friends, it’s ok. That doesn’t change the fact that they are close and they care deeply for each other. But, on the other hand, I’ve lived too much to not recognize love when I see it, so I stand my place.

I’ve said it before: BTS members are family and they are intimate. Hugs, smiles, playful games, praising and supporting, all types of physical affections: this is a normal ocurrence in families. Fanservice is not necesarily a bad or a fake thing. Their job as artists is to please the audience, but when they do all those things, there’s real affection behind it. What we have to do is notice the difference when it’s Jikook turn. The aura is totally different, the other members reaction is different too. When tk or ym do fanservice, the others laugh and clap; when its Jikook, they froze and act ackward. There are some ocassions when they tease them, and some other times they stop them. subtle things that speak volumes; but if I got to refer to the one thing that keeps everything grounded, it’s GCF in Tokyo and all things related to it.

Another issue we must not forget is that BTS lives in an homophobic country, facing their first interantional debut. I can’t even imagine how much pressure they must be feeling. Even if they have international recognition, there’s no doubt they seek korean acknowledgment. It’s important to them, so the boys are probably considering how their relationship will affect the way their own people sees them.

What we experienced since summer last year until recently might have been Jikook trying to test the waters and get fans acostumed to them as they are naturally. What we have now, is a recoil on those plans. I don’t know if it’s just temporary, or if they decided to continue hidding indefinitly, but it’s their choice to make and I will support them in any case. I only want them to be happy, and since I believe they are real, of course I want them to be together; but if they are just friends and I misread the entire situation, I’m also ok, and I will continue supporting all BTS members, always.

#kookmin #jikook

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chisatowo · 3 years

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Love writing band swap Lisa because it's just me writing a line of internal dialogue and going "man you rly have issues huh" and then moving on to the next line of concerning Lisa internal dialogue

#rat rambles #band posting #band swap au #its just yukina doing just abt anything and lisa going wait no thats not right you cant do that #lisa has just spent the last few years living in the past so seeing how much yukina has changed and moved forward during that time feels #weird and off to her in a way that shouldnt feel as bad as it does #like its not necesarily abt yukina having changed its abt her havinh done so without lisa ever noticing before #and abt her not knowing how to feel abt the fact that yukina has seemingly se easily been able to move forward without her #anyways this time around Im writing a lil thing abt her first getting introduced to kasumi because wow does she not know how to handle that #one of these days Ill actually come up with names for the band swap bands and then itll be over for all of you fuckers #Ill have so much writing to post and rn most of it is lisa fndnsjdndy #shes just the easiest band swap character to write for me for some reason idk

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the-lonely-woods-rediscovered · 6 years

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What is with us, as a species we create some truely magical things that make millions of humans happier every day, but when you look to the past it is easy to see that what we truly cause is death and destruction. In the past 104 years we have fought 2 world wars and hundreds of smaller wars culminating in an astronomical loss of life that is 100% avoidable, there are men and women from many countries that are trying to help create peace but looking at it, is there anything they can truly do to help? I simply cant seem to find a way that they do, with the efforts put in place to stop ww2 as an example and watching as every single attempt to work out our differences with words failed we immediatly jumped to using way to many soldiers to kill each other and then began the arms race to see who can make the deadliest weapons in existance first amd then see who can kill the most people with them. This is wrong in my humble opinion, we could be helping people in need, instead of spending on military we could be spending to improve the quality of life in the third world countries, we could be helping people with mental illness get the treatment they deserve through mandatory screenings done by the government with all the money they would save, millions of lives could be made better but instead we just squabble about random crap that isnt necesarily important and then shoot each other over it. Now i make it seem like everything is bad but there is some good coming out of it, some people are turning around and doing a 180 from what they were doing before, for example the korean war is finally coming to an end after 65 years of conflict, there are a lot of responders to any new humanitarian crisis that comes to the horizon and threaten a large group of people, many wrongful dictators that cause harm are being overthrown and replaced by hopefully benevolent rulers that can try to undue the years of evil. So take it as you will but we are moving forwards, slowly but surely we will reach a magical point where the earth becomes a paradise, I for one am hoping that it comes sooner rather than later but its impossible to predict what the future has planned for us.

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histologyapology · 6 years

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Quiz Review #2: The PAS/PASD Stain

bout that time again ay chaps. right oh. big ol wall of text under the cut, let’s get at it

Alright so sometimes in the course of a patient’s disease, they’re either going to have carbohydrates end up in tissues that aren’t meant to store them or have too few carbohydrates in places where they ought to be. A handy test for this is the Periodic Acid-Schiff test and/or the Periodic Acid Schiff with Diastase digestion. This isn’t to say that the PAS/D is a strict presence/absence test but it gets used that way fairly often depending on the case.

First things first: What’s a carbohydrate? Well that’s a big chemistry question and if we wanted to deal with that mess we’d have gone to grad school. For the purposes of the HTL this post, carbohydrates are organic compounds such as sugars, starches, cellulose and polymers that are typically bound to proteins found in tissue. When we eat food, we break the complex sugars down into simple sugars such as glucose. What we don’t immediately use we store as glycogen. This glycogen *generally* should be found within liver and skeletal muscle tissue, specifically within the cytoplasm of those cells.

Disease and uses- A healthy liver should be able to store glycogen up and release it as the body’s demand for it changes. We can use the PAS/D to look at how much glycogen the liver has and where that glycogen is within the liver. Most of the disease you’ll see in medical histology regarding glycogen storage disorders are congenital and fatal. A good example is Pompe’s disease, in which the patient has a mutation that causes them to be unable to convert glycogen back into glucose, causing an over-accumulation of glycogen within the skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and liver; most people born with Pompe’s disease will die in less than a year. Other illnesses that effect glycogen storage are diabetes (low glycogen in the liver) and certain wasting disease. There are also some applications for differentiating tumor types on the oncology end of things; for instance you can use the PAS to differentiate secreting adenocarcinomas (should be PAS positive) from undifferentiated squamous cell carcinomas (should be PAS negative). I am told that these days we would use an immuno stain to answer this question but, you know, half of histology is actually Arcane Medical History so whatever. My favorite application of the PAS, however- one that could have saved my undergrad research project had I known what the hell I was doing but that’s another topic for another day- is its ability to stain for fungal cell walls. Fungal cell walls are made of chitin, a complex carbohydrate that stains nicely with PAS. Some of the techs in my current lab will automatically order PAS along with any silver stains they get on a suspected fungal case, just because it’s a nice way of double checking (especially if you’re looking at tissues with lots of argentaffin/argyrophil structures where the fungi could be obscured other things).

Fixation- now if you’re in a hospital, chances are you’re just going to throw the tissue in question into a bucket for formalin and be done with it. And that’s not necessarily bad; tissue slated for PAS can be fixed in either aqueous or alcoholic solutions. Just remember that structurally, the carbohydrates you’re testing for are bound to the tissue proteins, so the faster you preserve those proteins the more honest and indicative the results of your PAS will be. If you know that this tissue is going to have to wait a while before going to processing, go for alcohol if you can. Formalin and most other aqueous fixatives will slowly leach glycogen from tissue because glycogen is water soluble. Of some note to pathologists, glycogen degrades rapidly postmortem, so get that liver out of there and into some sort of fixative asap of you’ll be missing that particular piece of the puzzle. The only real fixatives to avoid are those containing chromate, since these may over oxidize the tissue and result in a weak stain or cause resistance the diastase digestion in the PASD.

Reagents and their purposes- Fairly straight forward.

Periodic acid, aqueous, 0.5%. This will act as your oxidizer. It opens up ‘certain tissue elements’ (nice dodge, Frieda) and exposes aldehydes such as 1,2 glycol groups. At this concentration periodic acid probably will not burn you to death if you spill it on yourself but you should be extremely careful when preparing it from concentrate (under a hood, wearing goggles and gloves, full weenie regalia required, this is not fun stuff to get in your eyes). Remember: acid into water is the way that you oughta. Dispose of with lots of water down the sink.

Schiff Reagent. This stuff is N A S T Y but you gotta use it. It binds to the aldehyde groups exposed by the periodic acid and forms an intermediate colorless compound known as leucofuchsin. Schiff’s contains sodium metabisulfite, hydrochloric acid and basic fuchsin. Basic fuchsin is classified as a known carcinogen by OSHA so you need to make and use schiff’s under a fume hood whenever possible; most labs i have been in are not good about this and some even heat their shiff’s in a microwave, which causes techs to breath in even more vapors. Most labs need to dispose of used solution via a licensed waste hauler; do not flush down the sink.

Sodium metabisulfite, aqueous, 10%. This will remove any excess schiff’s that’s hanging onto the tissue and prevent overstaining. At 10% it’s not horribly dangerous but it is a strong reducing agent and if you’re preparing it from powder you should do your mixing under the hood. dispose of down the sink with lots of water.

Alum hematoxylin (counterstain). This is just hematoxylin that contains alcohol. Normal alcohol precautions apply (ie it’s slightly flammable and skin/eye irritant; normal ppe is fine). Dispose of down the sink.

How it works, step by step:

First- are you doing a PAS or a PASD? If you’re doing a PAS, start at step 2. For a PASD, start here. You need some way to chop up the glycogen in your section, and that’s a job for an enzyme. Once upon a time we used malt disatase to do this, which is a mix of a bunch of different amylases. If possible, you should use alpha amylase because it’s the most specific enzyme for glycogen, aka your target. Now, if you’re anything like my lab, you have chill pathologists and cheap administrators, so what you gotta do is think real hard about sour candy and go ahead and just spit on the slide. I’m dead serious. You have perfectly good amylase in your spit, and on the off chance that you have free cells in your mouth the pathologist should be able to figure out what doesn’t belong to the patient tissue; it’s a thing that’s done. The first time I saw my instructor do it I almost walked out of the lab but. you know. When in Rome. We usually let ours digest for about 20 minutes, rinse real well in DI and then add the slides to the PAS group for the rest of the procedure.

oxidize your tissue with periodic acid. We use periodic acid because it’s not going to over-oxidize the aldehyde groups it creates when it opens the c-c bonds in the sugars.

add schiff reagent. it will bind to the aldehyde groups creating an unstable, colorless compound (leucofuchsin) that resembles a partially opened ring. When you run warm water over the slide, the ring will close and this creates the colored reaction product (pink).

rinse in sodium metabisulfate. some labs omit this step to save time/money and some labs do get good results just by rinsing for extra time in water but you’re better safe than sorry. Sodium metabisulfate should remove any excess schiff reagent.

counterstain with hematoxylin. My instructor told me that some labs use fast green instead. I’ve never seen it done before but it strikes me as a good idea (who wants to look at a bunch of pink/purple on top of the schiff reaction? not me).

Other important details:

Controls should be kidney (specifically the golmeruli and basement membranes) if you’re doing PAS and Liver if you’re doing PASD.

Good results should show glycogen, neutral mucosubstances, epithelial sulfomucin and sialomucins, colloid, basment membranes and fungal cell walls. They will appear ‘bright rose’ (aka pink).

A PAS and a PASD of the same tissue slides run in the same batch should be loose negative images of eachother; this is to say, the PAS will show the presence of glycogen in the section, while the PASD will show what the tissue looks like once that glycogen is digested away. This is not to say that a PASD is necesarily PAS negative, but rather that a PASD will show any PAS positive substances that are NOT glycogen.

Before you use your schiff reagent you want to test it for freshness. Do this by pouring a small beaker (10ml should do) of formalin. Drip a few drops of schiff into the beaker. If it’s good to use, you’ll see a red to purple color. If it’s degraded, you’ll get a delayed reaction and an eventual dark purple to deep blue color. This a good test but remember: when it doubt, throw it out. It’s not worth having to repeat a day’s worth of PAS/Ds just because you don’t want to take ten minutes to make your reagents properly.

Calling back to last week’s quiz on water quality, PAS procedures have been known to fail if the water you’re using to rinse is heavily chlorinated, since the chlorine can oxidize the schiff reagent and turn it back into basic fuchsin, giving you a false negative. I’m not sure what constitutes ‘heavily chlorinated’ but I figure you’d probably smell it and say, you know, maybe i shouldn’t put this precious sample into this nasty water and go talk to my supervisor before i ruin this poor sick person’s life.

What-if list:

no PAS/D reaction occurs at all, including control- check your periodic acid. If oxidation fails, so does everything after it.

faint of pale staining-you probably cut the tissue too thin. This is a little counter-intuitive but the thicker the section is, the less time you will need to stain it for in PAS/D. My theory is that staining time is strictly is a function of quantity of glycogen, and quantity of glycogen should go up with section thickness. There’s biochemistry afoot here but my ochem-failing-self is ill-equipped to suss this one out. have at it, you nerds.

you still see glycogen on a PASD- give it more time in amylase and keep it around 37C. If you’re heating your slide too high you can degrade your enzymes (remember, most enzymes used in the clinical setting work at body temperature. Don’t go above that if you can help it).

you have weird glycogen looking artifacts in places where glycogen 100% can’t be-should have used some kind of sulfurous rinse. this is what you get for cutting corners and being a cheapskate. are you happy now. look at your life, look at your choices.

Alright that’s all for now. My instructor is traveling this week so I don’t know if I’ll have a quiz next monday but I’ll keep you posted.

Peace!

-Reby

#this has been an Apology Original #Quiz review #special stains series #periodic acid schiff #PAS #PASD #histology #special stains

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