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dolphin1812 · 7 months

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Riot and insurrection are defined by minority vs majority, with insurrection being a just movement by the majority to maintain its democratic power and rioting being a minority using violence against the people (the exception being colonialism because Hugo believed in “civilizing” missions, as illustrated by his remarks on Columbus). Through this link, they’re also defined by their tie to progress: insurrection is part of progress and is good, and rioting looks to the past and is therefore bad.

Hugo’s comments on writing under tyranny are fascinating in the context of Napoleon III. Hugo was exiled, but he was still conscious of how censorship could affect his work in France. The dense prose mentioned, then, could be this novel! Its themes are concealed, to an extent, by its length and its digressions. Hugo outright tells us his opinions (like he’s doing now), but after reading so much, it can be difficult to keep track of without a very close reading (which is made difficult by length, too – even though the goal of these posts has been to close-read each chapter, there will always be chapters that I understand better and others that are incomprehensible. A censor needing to read this quickly would be very lost!). Hugo’s prose doesn’t seem concise at all, but perhaps he felt that it was appropriate for the breadth of what he covered, and that he felt he learned to better articulate himself with this consciousness.

(Or maybe Hugo wants a republic so he can digress freely. Maybe digressions are democracy)

Despotism being the same under a “genius” feels like a jab at Napoleon I, too, making it an even harsher critique of the less respected (by Hugo) Napoleon III! And it’s also a return to Louis Philippe, who – while a good person – still suffers from the flaw of being a king in a France that doesn’t want one.

And he has a point that suffrage is wonderful because it offers an alternative to both insurrection and rioting! If the people have a non-violent and legitimate way of expressing their opinions, then they become less necessary. Hugo’s dream of them disappearing is a lot – protest is seen as another right alongside suffrage – but it’s a nice ideal in that it imagines a democracy that functions perfectly and thus only needs the vote to decide well.

And unfortunately, Hugo’s right about the reluctance to distinguish between the two by those in power. We’re back to animal symbolism, but this time, it’s between an animal and a person. The “dog” expected to serve the person is beaten for disobedience, leaving no alternative but to transform into a ferocious lion capable of resisting.

I love that Hugo basically says “June 1832 was insurrection, but there’s a good chance I’ll forget and say riot in the future; just know I don’t mean that politically.” It’s almost a form of self-awareness over how many words he uses to describe most things!

He’s making a claim to historical accuracy, too, and one grounded in the perspective of the protesters. The judicial records he mentions would have been from their trials and, therefore, from the point of view of a state threatened by them. Hugo’s fictionalized account continues to give a voice to those neglected by those narratives.

#les mis letters #lm 4.10.2 #1832 digression

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29pageshomestuckeveryday · 11 months

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Homestuck, page 2,042

Terezi: Sentence the criminal.

As the prosecutor, it is your job to reach a final verdict and sentence the reprehensible felon, while His Tyranny watches in silence and submits grim approval. But you take pity on this miserable bureaucrat. You are feeling merciful. You will give him a fighting chance. You will flip a DOUBLE-HEADED TROLL CAEGAR to decide his fate. You do this quite often when making important decisions. Kind of like Batman's nemesis, Two-Face. Or that guy from No Country for Old Men. It turns out there are lots of badasses out there flipping coins. But those are Earth things and you've never heard of them. It's safe to say you borrowed this gimmick from one of the many, many troll things out there that's got hard boiled dudes flipping coins for major stakes. You base the habit on whichever one smells the most badass.

Author commentary: Most court proceedings are designed around the awkward fact nobody really wants to admit, which is that the judge is basically incapable of performing any formal judicial action, except for eating people. So prosecutors have to sentence criminals too. Here's Terezi's special coin. It decides much more significant things later on, aside from the fate of her stuffed dragons. It has Caesar's face on both sides, one blinded with a scratch. Troll Caesar is spelled Troll Caegar, in the same way Troll Jesus is spelled Troll Jegus. And Jegus was only spelled that way due to the SBaHJification of the word Jesus, in a conversation between Dave and Terezi. These explanations are getting pretty esoteric, and frankly, I doubt anyone has benefitted from this explanation at all. We'll be pretty hard pressed to discover information about Homestuck that is less useful than this. But don't worry, I will stay vigilant and let you know if I see anything.

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foreverlogical · 10 months

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Well-known political expert, author, journalist, and CEO David Rothkopf is blasting conservatives on the U.S. Supreme Court after their disastrous rulings last week, warning the Court is now a “threat to democracy” and suggesting some justices should be “considered” for impeachment.

Rothkopf, also a national security and foreign policy commentator, is a columnist for The Daily Beast and the author at least seven books, including American Resistance.

“Watching debates about Supreme Court here and elsewhere is the latest study in GOP efforts to normalize the unconscionable, the corrupt, and the contra-constitutional. This is a court in which a majority of those on the right took their seats under questionable circumstances,” Rothkopf said at the start of a lengthy thread on Twitter.

“Of them, a cloud of corruption hangs over Thomas & Alito. Kavanaugh took [his] seat despite allegations against him that were not properly investigated. Questions surround his payoff of personal debts. Gorsuch’s ascension is also clouded by questions surrounding Kennedy’s departure,” he says.

READ MORE: ‘Treacherous March of Normalization’: ABC News Slammed for ‘Puff Piece’ Profile on Moms for Liberty

Justice Clarence Thomas has been under fire for months over his relationship with billionaire GOP donor and businessman Harlan Crow, who reportedly has had business before the high court. The far-right wing justice and his wife, Ginni Thomas, (who has been accused of working to undermine the 2020 presidential election results,) may have received gifts totaling over $1 million in luxury vacations, travel, food, lodging, and clothing. Experts say Thomas was required to disclose portions of those gifts and that he did not.

Justice Samuel Alito is also the beneficiary of luxury travel, including a fishing trip to Alaska courtesy of another billionaire, and a trip to Rome during which he delivered a highly-criticized speech just days after delivering his opinion striking down Roe v. Wade. That trip was reportedly paid for by a religious liberty organization whose leader reportedly bought Justice Amy Coney Barrett’s Indiana home.

Indeed, Rothkopf also skewers Justice Barrett, or at least her confirmation.

“Barrett received her seat in a rush to judgment that was unlike any we have ever seen and completely contrary to the way the GOP Senate treated prior Dem nominees (Garland). In the time since the majority took over, they have cast aside one core principle after another,” he observes.

READ MORE: ‘Tyranny’: Legal Expert Says Ruling in Favor of Anti-LGBTQ Discrimination Makes It ‘Impossible’ to Respect Supreme Court

“Stare decisis went out the window. (Precedents were ignored without any sound justification.) Promises to honor past decisions as established law (like Roe) proved worthless. Past claims that the right valued originalism and condemned judicial activism were wholly ignored,” Rothkopf charges.

“When precedent went against them, absurd arguments drawing on ancient and irrelevant legal decisions were used to supersede the clear intent of the framers and decades, sometimes centuries of legal precedent.”

Last week, he says, we saw “a decision on affirmative action that ignored precedent, reality, and justice and contained, in its carve-out for military academies, a sub-decision that refuted the logic of the main opinion. In the case of reversing the Biden student loan decision,” Rothkopf writes, “a brand new doctrine was presented out of whole cloth. The decision regarding the ‘right’ of a website designer to refuse to do work for a ‘gay’ couple was based on both a lie and a hypothetical, should never have been taken on as a case and was grossly wrong on the law,” he adds.

Rothkopf appears to believe the conservative justices will not stop.

“These judges are acting with impunity because they believe a GOP controlled Senate will never challenge them and that a fundamental flaw in the way the Constitution grants power to underpopulated states assures that the document that was created to evolve never will,” he writes.

And he suggests some of the Supreme Court’s justices might need to be impeached.

“They also know that Senate rules essentially mean they can act with impunity despite their wholesale corruption and the fact that several of them should, in all likelihood, be seriously considered for impeachment.”

READ MORE: Sotomayor Slams ‘Embarrassing’ SCOTUS Anti-LGBTQ Decision That Marks ‘Gays and Lesbians for Second-Class Status’

Pointing to Washington Post columnist Jennifer Rubin, he adds: “This is, as [she] has said a constitutional crisis. This is an illegitimate, rogue institution that is seeking to reverse decades of progress and impose the will of a white, wealthy, Christian, male, straight minority on the majority of Americans.”

“This is a moment that calls for action on the part of Democrats in power to use their ability to call Senate hearings and to challenge this extremist cluster of judicial terrorists wherever possible. But more than that, it demands absolutely clarity from the voting public,” he says.

Rothkopf warns conservatives in the Court are poised to do even more damage to democracy and the American people.

“Unless Democrats win the presidency, hold and increase their majority in the Senate and retake the House, this tiny band of malevolent and dangerous actors will gut many of the most important provisions of the past century and a half of American law.”

“They will destroy lives and put millions of others at risk. Next year’s election must be in part, about this threat to democracy even as it is also about the threat posed by GOP presidential candidates. Stop. Consider the consequences.”

He warns minority Americans will continue to see their civil rights “stripped” away.

“Consider the basic rights that will be stripped away from women, people of color, our LGBTQ brothers and sisters, voters, and all who believe in the ideals that have guided American leaders as we have struggled to perfect our nation,” he says. “The only people who can save us are you and your fellow voters. The only way to do so is to mobilize, be active, donate to candidates and remain committed to defending our country against the threat posed by the MAGA GOP in our legislature and our judiciary. Starting right now.”

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spinelessdemsandwhinyrepublicans · 1 year

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The ABC’s of American Democracy - - Hakeem Jeffries

American values over autocracy. Benevolence over bigotry. The Constitution over the cult. Democracy over demagogues. Economic opportunity over extremism. Freedom over fascism! Governing over gaslighting. Hopefulness over hatred. Inclusion over isolation. Justice over judicial overreach. Knowledge over kangaroo courts. Liberty over limitation. Maturity over Mar-a-Lago. Normalcy over negativity. Opportunity over obstruction. People over politics. Quality of life issues over Q-Anon. Reason over racism. Substance over slander. Triumph over tyranny. Understanding over ugliness. Voting rights over voter suppression. Working families over the well-connected. Xenial over xenophobia. “Yes we can” over “You can’t do it.” And — Zealous representation over zero-sum confrontation.

And shortly after that, he handed the gavel over to the new Speaker of the House, who promised to look deep and hard into Hunter Biden’s Laptop!

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ptseti · 2 months

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youtube

This issue had multiple levels, the primary one being the hostility of the larger community, which discriminated against a group of black Rastafarians who declared to live a "natural" lifestyle. This is the 1980s, the height of the Rasta movement, and the rest of society dislikes this lifestyle and considers it nasty and filthy. A similar incident occurred in Jamaica between the police and Rastafarians when the then-Prime Minister, a white man, ordered the police to shoot to kill. The purposeful bombing of a US town, particularly a black one, demonstrates double standards as well as the so-called judicial system, which is created for just one set of people, the black community.

There is no fvcking reason for this. 11 individuals perished, including 5 children. The lady apprehended was accused of dropping the bomb and causing the arson. She spent seven years in jail for it. That is the "Justice" that exists in LieMerika and still rears its ugly head. Trump, a fucking criminal, is running for president. If his troubles had been Barack Obama's, we all know how things would have turned out. Please gather the facts and understand that this was another example of racism against black people, even if the Mayor at the time was black. The fact that he was where he was at the time was sufficient cause for the Wyt police to behave as they did and then blame others. America is the largest fraud ever made. The sooner you all see this, the faster you will reject the oppression Our ancestors were subjected to this tyranny.

#Youtube

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tanadrin · 1 year

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The state religion of the Lende Empire and its soteriology

In approaching the topic of the religion of the Lende Empire, it is necessary to confront a conceptual that might distort our understanding otherwise. First, the concept of “religion” in the first place. The English word “religion” is ultimately from a Latin word meaning “scruples, piousness, conscientiousness,” and is in the original sense to have been directed at the rituals and actions associated with religion belief, or with specific institutional frameworks like religious orders. “Religion” is not quite the same as “belief system,” insofar as belief systems may have little in the way of formal religion attached to them, and one may be observantly religious without necessarily being possessed of strong spiritual belief. Importantly, these things are separated from the “secular;” secular rules, customs, hierarchy, and ritual are of a separate sphere, which may be pertingent to but is not dependent on the religious, and vice-versa.

The Lende empire observed no such distinction. The monarch of the Empire, the eju (a word often translated as “king” or “queen,” but which was not the same as the generic Lende-language word for a monarch, tsurajn), was, as we would understand it, both a secular and religious office. They were the administrative head of the Lende state, with final legislative, judicial, and executive authority, and particularly under the First Dynasty also frequently battlefield commanders. But they were also a holy figure, the inheritor of the mantle of prophecy of Eleras, the first eju and founder of the Empire, which permitted them to speak on behalf of Kiata herself.

This was not a secondary justifying feature of the legal hierarchy of the empire, an afterthought tacked on to legitimate its power structure, but in fact the original principle on which its existence rested. By virtue of being the mortal emissary of God, the eju was empowered to craft and review legislation, and render legal judgement, with an authority no other legal structure could match. The reason for the Lende Empire existing in the first place, according to its founder and to the spiritual ideology which it maintained across its entire history, was to carry out the particular will of Kiata herself, to demonstrate the human capacity for salvation against a nature that was frequently at variance with both itself and the divine will.

This authority came with constraints, however. The eju was still human, and emphatically fallible, even as Eleras herself had been: the legendary slaughter at Inatu was regarded as a kind of original sin of the First Prophet herself, which burdened the lineage of the eju with a painful penance.[1] The claim of the eju was to occasional insight into the mind and intention of the divine, not to general superhuman wisdom and perennial virtue. Indeed, the last monarchs of the First Dynasty were overthrown in open rebellion, their claim to the authority of Eleras having been clearly voided by their personal impiety and their brutal tyranny; and this rebellion, though considered a moral necessity at the time, also plunged the Empire into a constitutional crisis which it took decades to recover from, as it lacked a clear figure of spiritual guidance which justified its existence; and in the latter part of the Middle Lende period, when it was clear that there was popular support for the restoration of the monarchy under the Toranel claimants, the lack of a clear spiritual justification for their elevation prevented until it was perceived to also be permitted by Kiata herself.

The Lende people themselves distinguished between three kinds of religious practice. The first was the personal understanding of spirituality, which might include private prayer to Kiata or one of her emissaries (holy figures believed to dwell with Kiata, or the righteous lesser spirits[2]). There was very little attempt to doctrinally rationalize the forms this private practice of belief might take; as the empire’s conquests caused it to become increasingly multiethnic and multireligious, everything on the spectrum from rigid piety to syncretism to complete atheism was tolerated.[3]

The second category of practice is the kind we might most readily recognize as “religion,” publicly attended rites and private ceremonies undertaken to mark major life occasions. The nature of these practices evolved considerably according to fashion and influence from neighboring cultures over the Empire’s history. Different theologians put different degrees of emphasis on the importance of these practices, but all agree that they were of secondary importance to the core of the Lende religion, which was the character of the state.

The third important form of religious practice was the state itself. This included not only public religious rites, but public administration generally. It is hard to appreciate (especially since so many sources on Kiatanist beliefs are from later Kuthra sources) how closely intertwined administration of the state was with religious practice. Though priests have been administrators or even kings in many places throughout human history, these duties are generally regarded as separate, with the religious ritual and the functions of government occurring separately. This was not so in the Empire, which extensively theorized state power, religious rite, and spiritual belief in such a way as to produce maximum overlap. This overlap was not always evident to outsiders--indeed, some early Eilascer sources mistake the Empire for atheists because of the lack of obligatory sacrifices, and the subtlety of the religious component of everyday state functions--but was foregrounded in the minds of believers in the Empire. Most crucially was the role of legal theory: Kiata was regarded as the supreme lawgiver, and thus no aspect of the law could be considered separately from the will of Kiata without completely delegitimating it. There was no distinction between moral law, religious law, and administrative law: all these things were one, and the purpose of them was always justice in a very particular form.

In Lende theology, the object of the Lende state was justice; the object of justice was cauros, a word which originally means “flourishing” in the communal sense, but which also has important semantic overlap with ishe, “joy,” in the personal sense; sicce, “peace,” in the sense of absence of violence and fear; and nane, “good, generosity, kindness.” The Lende conception of justice had important consequentialist components, but could never stand on its own as a consequentialist philosophy since it was, of course, mandated by God herself. Thus certain doctrinal elements which were integral to that mandate, like the command to spread cauros within the Empire, and to spread it beyond by expanding the Empire itself, prevented carrying a really consequentialist understanding of justice to its own end: conflict of one kind or another was inevitable with those who too stubbornly refused the friendship of Kiata’s emissaries.

In many ways, the philosophy of the Empire did indeed make good on its aims: despite the apparent demands of its religion, the Empire rarely engaged in conquest for its own sake, though it did not shie away from war when provoked, and eagerly integrated conquered states. In seeking cauros, it forbade slavery, engaged in programs of public land distribution (that had the ancillary benefit of weakening many of the largest groups that might credibly oppose state power), instituted public food distribution programs in most major cities, built hospitals and schools, and, as the economy began to gradually industrialize in the Late Lende period, sought to ameliorate inequalities that emerged as production patterns shifted. Pragmatism, of course, informed many of these developments as much as a desire for virtue; tolerance of conquered peoples, a supervising hand on the landed aristocracy, and escape valves for potential sources of popular discontent contributed to the longevity of the state. Which is not to say that revolts, both elite and popular never occurred; but in general, the Lende Empire adapted during these episodes, while similar upheavals simply destroyed similar states in western Vinsamaren in the same period.

In the Lende period (though not the Kuthra, which related very differently to the precents of their ancestors’ religion) the goal of state and individual virtue was the same, to work toward the building of a world of maximal cauros, a process which had no defined endpoint, since happiness has no upper limit, but which nevertheless could be expected, so long as virtue was maintained and the practice of justice continually improved, to produce something like a worldly paradise. This goal was linked to individual behavior, but also to improvements in government, in philosophy, in science and and in technology, all of which might serve cauros if properly employed. More esoteric schools of thought linked milestones in individual or collective achievement with possibilities like the resurrection of the dead, communing directly with Kiata, magical objects which could produce infinite food, an end to all sickness, and an end even to death itself. Mainstream thought was more restrained in its hopes, but especially in the Late Lende period, conceptions of futurity and perennial progress, quite alien to the world the Lende Empire had appeared in, came to be taken for granted.

It would do no good to excessively idolize the Lende Empire: it was a canny, adaptable state with many capable rulers, but it was by no means egalitarian, democratic, or free. The same ideology which drove its adaptability prevented this: the believers and the believers alone were qualified to govern, with all other forms of law, including self-government, being inherently illegitimate. Aristocracy of many forms was an important component of the Empire’s social structure.

And the Empire’s ideology also instilled within it an arrogance that could threaten its very existence. The formation of the breakaway Hacsar realm by the losing side of the Tyrant’s Revolt should have put the Lende Empire on its guard; instead, the Empire was complacent until the Hacsar emperors launched an invasion that, over the course of four wars, nearly dismembered its mother-kingdom. Arrogance also continued to drive expansion, including fledgeling colonies up and down the Vinsamaren coast, in the Late Lende period, even as the bureaucracy struggled to keep up with growth, and exclusion of unbelievers from important administrative functions produced a manpower shortage that exacerbated the limitations on state capacity.

It is notable, of course, that in the history of countless human authorities who have claimed to have one god or another on their side, the ejwi of Lende are perhaps one of the very few who have been correct. Insofar as later generations were eventually able to piece together, Eleras was a real woman, who really was freed from slavery by the intervention of the slumbering alien world-mind that dwelt deep within Sogant Raha’s biosphere at that time; that she really was granted a form of preternatural insight that could come only from the collective processing abilities of a creature with cognition utterly unlike our own, that has been carefully observing the human species in everything from the grand sweep of its history to the most secret thoughts of the most humble of souls for nearly sixty thousand years; and that something like this was occasionally also gifted to those that followed after her.

But it is equally notable that even this influence could not, in the end, save the Empire: that the last conflict which erupted as the floundering rulers sought to prevent the fragmentation of their state under implacable centrifugal forces unleashed horrors which had not been seen on Sogant Raha since the Burning Spring tens of thousands of years before. Driven by desperation, the governing priests of the Empire found a way to harness the energy of the tahar living in the human body, catalyzed by nociceptive feedback--producing, essentially, weapons of mass destruction powered by raw suffering.

Records of the War of the Aftermath are poor, but according to the legends preserved by the Kuthra exiles, the destruction of the Empire came in the end not by human hands, but from Kiata, angered by the sins of her adopted children. It is tempting here to note that the Arduinn Mountains, the highest on all of Sogant Raha, have sheltered in the geologically recent past great reservoirs of glacial meltwater that shifting stones or melting ice have turned into torrents that sweep the western valleys like a scouring blade, flaying the ground in some places down to the bedrock; and that the Kuthra say, when the last eju stained his sword with the blood of his brother in the throne room of Gaaizetsol, a wall of water driven by divine rage descended from the mountains that destroyed the Citadel, the city, and every trace of human habitation in that place that had been the heart of the Empire for a thousand years.

So the Kuthra say. But as Zalmeneas of Presh noted in his study of the Kuthra myths:

Should we, even those of us inclined to believe in gods and their anger, take this account at face value? In this, at least, the unhappiness of the Kuthra has meaning: they are exiles by divine decree. The loss of their homeland, their frightened flight, and their centuries of a hardscrabble existence in the deserts and waste places of the world is the vengeful command of their god, in whose wrath there lies still the possibility of forgiveness, of a restoration of all that they have lost, of their grief being given meaning and structure. They would thus remain the Faithful, as they believe themselves to be, their lot being an atonement they must endure until the promise of a second chance at salvation is finally fulfilled.

How harder is that lot, if their homeland was destroyed by human hands alone! Then they must contend with two griefs: not only the memory of what they have lost, which they have carried down the ages with them, but the knowledge that that loss had no meaning in itself. That their ancestors enjoyed an age of unparalleled prosperity in history. That they learned the immortal lesson that so few societies learn, and enshrined it at the heart of their faith--that the virtue built on hardship is transient, but the virtue built on joy and plenty will redound back on itself until it is overflowing--and yet it was not enough. Then they are outcasts only, and there is no surety of salvation. I know, were that my lot, which I should prefer to believe.

[1] There is evidence that the role of the destruction of Inatu and the consequences detailed in the Third Revelation gained prominence in the Kuthra era, since they seemed to provide explanatory power for the narrative of the Empire’s later years; but they were certainly present even in the Early Lende period as integral parts of the Empire’s official theology.

[2] Though never departed ejwi, or Kiata’s principle servant, Ea Leneret. The former were regarded to have a separate fate after death, being obliged to attend Kiata in the halls of Ganaldun directly. The latter was regarded as much as a dangerous accuser-figure as a holy one; in the tales of the Empire mortals coming to the notice of Ea Leneret was generally considered an extremely unhappy event.

[3] Conformity in doctrine was demanded only of those who claimed to represent the state in religious matters; but in those circumstances punishments for heresy could be quite harsh. Nor did practitioners of other faiths enjoy generally equal standing: only demonstrated believers in the orthodox faith were found in the bureaucratic apparatus, and the empire’s aristocracy was dominated by believers. Athiests, pagans, apostates, and syncretists were only not disenfranchised further because there was no franchise, and the mechanisms of class mobility (what very few there were) were much more rarely open to them to begin with.

#sogant raha #tanadrin's fiction

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i-don-world · 2 years

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Sammy

a supreme asshole -

#now for some judicial tyranny

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thejockdiesinstantly · 10 months

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I'm not sure who's gonna see this but here's an idea I came up with yesterday but forgot to post until now:

Electoral Monarchy

It's kinda like the US and the UK merged, but with some differences

Executive Branch:

King /Queen/Non-binary Monarch serves for life unless impeached (more on that later)

No prime minister, cabinet formed of heads of every government department (titled General Ministers)

Legislative:

Upper House: Parliament - structured the same as the House of Commons in the UK

Lower House: Congress - structured the same as the House of Representatives in the US

Judicial:

Basically the same general court system, but the prison system is completely plagiarized from Norway

Impeachment:

How to get rid of a bad king? Same way you get rid of a bad president. More or less.

Since there's no elections until the monarch dies, the people can't vote them out, but they can launch a formal petition to impeach the monarch for reasons such as overreach of power (tyranny)

The legislature can also vote to begin impeachment proceedings if the monarch is suspected of corruption, a charge which will prohibit a person from holding public office or owning over $100,000 in any form of wealth (residence not included) for a period of 15 years (if found guilty)

If the monarch is found not guilty then impeachment proceedings stop completely

Same process applies to every legislator, if any one honest member of the public finds out about their corruption that's 15 years gone for them, no more being rich or powerful

Whistleblowing is encouraged, rewards are given out for exposing corruption

Elections:

Finally, the moment we've all been waiting for: how do these people even get elected in the first place?

The royal election actually isn't contested between individual candidates, but rather entire families (styled as "houses")

Families of any amount of wealth can run for royalty, they just need to pick one member to put forward as the monarchical candidate (more on the line of succession later)

After that, it's all strictly up to the popular vote, no BS electoral college like the US presidential election

For legislative elections, it's not as showy but it's basically the same as UK parliamentary elections and there's no gerrymandering allowed

Also, mandatory universal suffrage: every citizen over 16 years old must vote no matter what

Line of Succession:

If the monarch dies or is successfully impeached, they are not succeeded by their designated heir, although their house can run for reelection if they so wish

While the election is held, the Monarch's designated heir only serves as interim monarch until the election results are concluded

Bill of Rights:

Freedom of speech

Freedom of marriage

Right to housing

Right to safe food and clean water

Right to reproductive freedom

Right to fair public trial

Right to life

Right to peace (government is not allowed to start wars of aggression)

Right to protest against war

Right to healthcare and education

#monarchy #monarchism #government system #democracy #ask me anything #asks open #ask me questions #ask away!#my first original post

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indizombie · 1 year

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A regime that is paranoid and full of impunity will overreach, But, what is the threshold of overreach? The threshold of seems to be shifting higher and higher. Communalism was unleashed. No reaction. The information order collapsed. No reaction. The judicial heart stopped beating. No reaction. The opposition is being vanquished by unfair means. No reaction. Such is the logic of tyranny that the ogres of oppression roam free, while we look on indifferently as justice and freedom are tied in chains.

Pratap Bhanu Mehta, 'No reaction', Indian Express

#Indian Express #Pratap Bhanu Mehta #BJP #India #Government of India #tyranny #oppression

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histoireettralala · 11 months

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Barbin, Mangot, Luçon

Condé's incarceration intensified the power struggle between two factions equally marred by political self-seeking. The rebels' new rallying cry of avenging their leader's arrest could not overcome their moral bankruptcy as a party aimed at transferring to themselves the power and patronage enjoyed by the queen mother's Italian favorites. On the royal side, the arrest was part of a new state policy of firmly resisting rebel demands. That policy shift stemmed from the appointment during the last months of 1616 of a vigorous ministerial triumvirate: Claude Barbin, Claude Mangot, and Armand-Jean du Plessis, bishop of Luçon. The triumvirs' effectiveness was hampered, however, by popular antipathy toward the couple who had put them in power, Concini and his wife, Galigaï.

Of the three "creatures" of the Ancres, Barbin had the most influence, and eventually suffered most severely from the king's wrath after the royal coup d'état of 1617. A shrewd manipulator of money and people, this private financier had advanced his career by leasing the collection of state fees to the profit of his friend, Leonora Galigaï, then became Marie's personal financial director and finally royal superintendent of finance. Barbin took the lead among the new ministers in boldly urging Marie to oppose princely disorder.

Mangot's background was somewhat less controversial. He had parlayed a brilliant law career and legal assistance to Concino Concini into acquisition of the top post in the Parlement of Bordeaux, then briefly served as a secretary of state, and finally as keeper of the seals, thereby assuming the judicial functions —but not the office itself— of chancellor, which post was always for life.

The minister who signed his name Lusson at this time was the last of the three to enter the council, and owed a great deal of his influence with the queen mother and her Italian favorites to the patronage of Barbin. Armand-Jean du Plessis, sieur de Richelieu, was the ambitious scion on his father's side of the petty noble Richelieu-du Plessis family, which had been prone to dueling and overspending, and on his mother's side of the hardworking La Porte - Meilleraye family of robe lineage. He had already come far as bishop of Lucon, orator of the clergy at the Estates General, almoner of young Queen Anne, and personal secretary to the queen mother. In November 1616, he became secretary of state for foreign affairs.

Sympathetic biographers have read more into the future cardinal-minister Richelieu's brief conciliar career of 1616-17 than the hard evidence proves. All we can say with certainty is that he showed himself to be bright and energetic in internal and external affairs. His surviving letters to Ancre were embarrassingly fawning, even for an era that assumed the way to become a favorite at court and stay there included a large dose of flattery and obsequiousness. Luçon also revealed his driving ambition and authoritarian bent to such an extent that, at his fall in 1617, the keenly observant young Louis XIII expressed relief to be rid of his tyranny.

The triumvirate was able to hold the military edge for the royal side against Condé's followers in the desultory fighting of the last months of 1616 and the beginning of 1617, but without finding a moral cause that would definitively tip the balance in this latest miniwar. To the contrary, the ever-escalating level of the Ancre couple's conspicuous privilege and power undermined everything Barbin was attempting to accomplish, and served also to make the queen mother more vulnerable as the Ancres' patroness.

A. Lloyd Moote- Louis XIII the Just

#xvii #a.lloyd moote #louis xiii the just #henri ii de bourbon-condé #marie de médicis #concino concino #leonora galigaï #claude barbin #claude mangot #cardinal de richelieu #louis xiii #i can't believe he let some letters survive #how embarrassing #now i need to read them #ah #luçon! me voilà débarrassé de votre tyrannie!#court intrigues and coups d'état #barbin trying to put out fires everywhere #something wicked this way comes

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