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Leukemia in Children
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Introduction
Leukemia in children presents a formidable challenge, demanding meticulous management and treatment. This detailed discussion aims to devolve into various facets of childhood leukemia, encompassing its definition, types, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment modalities, potential complications, preventive measures, and strategies for supporting a child living with leukemia.
Understanding Leukemia in Children
1. Definition
Leukemia is a hematological malignancy affecting the blood and bone marrow. Its prominence in childhood stems from the rapid proliferation of abnormal blood cells, disrupting the delicate balance within the body.
2. Types of Blood Cells
Understanding the roles of
Red blood cells (erythrocytes),
2.platelets (thrombocytes), and
3.white blood cells (leukocytes)
Is fundamental. An imbalance in these cells results in a spectrum of symptoms, from anemia to increased infection susceptibility.
3. Types of Leukemia
. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): Predominant in children.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML): The second most common type.
Hybrid or Mixed Lineage Leukemia: A rare amalgamation of ALL and AML.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Uncommon in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Extremely rare in pediatric cases.
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML): A rare type with unique growth characteristics.
Causes and Risk Factors
1. Causes
The exact etiology of childhood leukemia remains elusive. Genetic mutations in bone marrow cell genes may occur sporadically or, in some instances, be inherited.
2. Risk Factors
Exposure to Radiation.
Particularly high levels.
Inherited Syndromes.
Down syndrome.
Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Immune System Conditions.
Inherited disorders affecting immune function.
Family History.
Having a sibling with leukemia elevates the risk.
Symptoms of Leukemia in Children
A diverse array of symptoms underscores leukemia’s impact on children, including;
.Pale skin
. Fatigue
.Dizziness
.Headaches
.Shortness of breath
.Frequent infections
.Fever
. Easy bruising
.Bleeding
.Bone or Joint pain, and
.Abdominal swelling.
Diagnosis:
1. Procedures:
.Blood Tests (Complete Blood Count — CBC): Essential for initial assessment.
Bone Marrow Aspiration or Biopsy: Crucial in detecting leukemia cells.
Lab Tests: Precisely determine leukemia type.
Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound,
lymph node biopsy, and
Lumbar puncture offer a comprehensive diagnostic perspective.
2. Classification
Unlike other cancers, leukemia is not staged but rather classified into groups, subtypes, or both based on type and specific characteristics, aiding in targeted treatment approaches.
Treatment Options:
1. Primary Treatments:
Blood Transfusions: Address low blood counts, bleeding, or infections.
Chemotherapy: The mainstay, killing or inhibiting cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays to target and eradicate cancer cells.
Stem Cell Transplant: Involves high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell replacement.
Targeted Therapy: Specific medications tailored to combat certain types of leukemia.
Immunotherapy: Enhances the body’s immune system to combat cancer cells.
Complications:
1. Short-term:
Serious Infections: Resulting from compromised immune function.
Severe Bleeding: A consequence of low platelet levels.
Thickened Blood: Accumulation of leukemia cells in the bloodstream.
2. Long-term:
Leukemia Recurrence: A persistent concern.
Development of Other Cancers: A potential consequence of treatment.
Heart and Lung Problems: Arising from the impact of leukemia or its treatment.
Learning Issues and Growth Delays: Impacts on cognitive development and physical growth.
Fertility Problems and Bone Issues: Osteoporosis as a potential long-term complication.
Prevention:
Preventing childhood leukemia remains challenging, with a focus on caution regarding unnecessary exposure to radiation, especially in diagnostic procedures involving pregnant women and children.
Supporting a Child with Leukemia:
1. Ongoing Care:
Regular visits to oncologists and healthcare providers are crucial for monitoring and addressing emerging issues.
2. Balanced Lifestyle:
Managing eating difficulties and encouraging appropriate exercise play a vital role in supporting overall health.
3. Emotional Support:
Seeking counseling or participating in support groups helps both the child and their family navigate the emotional challenges associated with leukemia.
4. Follow-up Appointments:
Attending all scheduled appointments ensures continuous monitoring and timely intervention if complications arise.
When to Contact Healthcare Provider:
Prompt communication with healthcare providers is essential if the child experiences fever, worsening symptoms, new symptoms, or side effects from treatment.
Key Points Summary:
Leukemia necessitates a comprehensive approach, involving diagnosis, tailored treatment, and ongoing monitoring.
Varied symptoms demand timely medical attention for an optimal prognosis.
Treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, are tailored to the specific leukemia type.
Complications, both short-term and long-term, underscore the importance of ongoing follow-up care.
Prevention is limited, with a focus on minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure.
Comprehensive support, encompassing medical, emotional, and lifestyle aspects, is essential for the child’s well-being.
Next Steps:
1. Follow-up Care:
Continued regular check-ups and imaging tests remain integral to post-treatment monitoring.
2. Communication:
Maintaining open and transparent communication with healthcare providers ensures timely intervention if issues arise.
3. Research:
Inquiring about ongoing clinical trials or new treatments enables families to stay informed about emerging possibilities.
Conclusion:
Childhood leukemia mandates a collaborative effort from medical professionals, caregivers, and support networks to optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life for affected children. As the landscape of pediatric oncology evolves, the commitment to advancing treatment options and minimizing the impact of complications remains paramount, offering hope for a brighter future for children navigating the complexities of leukemia.
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nisthaevah · 1 year
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Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) Treatment in Mumbai
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factsnfigure-blog · 5 years
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Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Therapeutics- Pipeline Analysis
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a rare disease that occurs mostly in the children who are under four years of age. The abnormal growth of the monocytes results in the accumulation of monocytes in the bone marrow.
This leads to improper functioning of the bone marrow. The actual cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is still unknown; however, mutation in the RAS gene is observed in patients with the disease. Fatigue, weakness, dry cough, pallor, and fever are major symptoms of the medical condition.
The University of Minnesota is in the process of developing stem cell therapy for the treatment of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Celgene Corporation is also developing azacytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, for the treatment of this medical condition.
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For more info visit: https://www.pharmaproff.com/report/juvenile-myelomonocytic-leukemia-therapeutics-pipeline-analysis
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teachingrounds · 3 years
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Monocytes
Monocytes typically make up 2-8% of white blood cells. Monocytopenia can be seen, for instance, if a patient is being immunosuppressed with glucocorticoids. Monocytosis can be seen with inflammatory states such as during viral illness or other stressors like sepsis or surgery, granulomatous disease like sarcoidosis. The rest of this week will be about a condition called Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML).
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bhandvalkar94 · 2 years
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Global Stem Cell Banking Market Analysis, Key Company Profiles, Types, Applications and Forecast to 2030
Absolute Markets Insights announced the addition of a statistical data titled as, Stem Cell Banking Market to its massive repository. Additionally, it offers extensive research on different dynamic aspects of the businesses to understand the impact of those. Primary and secondary research techniques have been used by analysts for studies data effectively.
The global stem cell banking market is anticipated to reach US$ 15089.64 Mn by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 10% during the forecast period (2021-2030).
Different top key players such as CBR Systems, Inc., Cell Care, CHA Biotech, CordBank New Zealand, Cordlife, Cryo-Cell, CryoHoldco, Cryoviva India, CSG-BIO, Global Cord Blood Corporation., LifeCell International Pvt. Ltd., ReeLabs Pvt. Ltd., Regrow Biosciences Pvt Ltd., Smart Cells International Ltd., Stem Med Pte Ltd, StemCyte, ViaCord and Vita 34 Inc. give the comparative analysis of demand supply chain. In addition to this, it highlights the historical developments, recent trends, and predictions about the future growth of the Stem Cell Banking market.
For more information about this report visit: https://www.absolutemarketsinsights.com/reports/Stem-Cell-Banking-Market-2021---2029-860
Umbilical cord accounted for the largest source in the global stem cell banking market in 2020. Cord blood stem cells can be used in therapies and transplants to treat over 85 ailments that include anaemias (different types), bone marrow cancer, leukaemias (different types), and lymphomas. More than 5,000 clinical trials are using stem cell therapies today.
In the context of medical condition, higher market share in the global stem cell banking market was held by cancer (leukaemias, lymphomas, etc.) in 2020. Stem cells can be used for the treatment of different types of cancer such as acute biphenotypic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia. In regenerative medicine, the use of stem cells has been in vogue for a long time. It is very common in the field of dermatology.
Global Stem Cell Banking Market: Report Scope
By Service Type
Storage
Testing and Processing
Collection
By Source
Umbilical Cord
Placenta
Amniotic Fluid
Bone Marrow
Others
By Medical Condition
Cancer (Leukaemias, Lymphomas, Etc.)
Non-Malignant Blood Disorders (Anaemias, Hereditary Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Etc.)
Immune Disorder (Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID), Inherited Immune System Disorders, etc.)
Metabolic Disorders (Leukodystrophy Disorders, Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Storage Diseases, Etc.)
Others
By Application
Disease Treatment & Tissue Regeneration
Clinical Research
Personalized Banking Applications
By Region
North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Middle East and Africa
Latin America
Contact Us:
Company: Absolute Markets Insights Email Id: [email protected] Phone: IN +91-740-024-2424 , US +1-510-420-1213 Contact Name: Shreyas Tanna Website: www.absolutemarketsinsights.com/
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turkeyhealth · 3 years
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healthsonar · 4 years
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2019 Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia JMML Scientific Trials Information Corporations, Medication, Phases, Topics, Present Standing and Outlook to 2025 [Report Updated: 24042019] Costs from USD $1799
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dreamgreatdreams · 5 years
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this hanging #bicycle gear wall clock is headed to Candlelighters of Oregon for their 17th annual “Harvest of Hope” silent and live auction on October 19th. this is such a wonderful organization that does so much for so many. their website, www.candlelightersoforegon.org says it best “Candlelighters provides support for families in Oregon and SW Washington impacted by childhood cancer. From diagnosis through treatment and beyond, we provide programs such as emergency financial assistance, an annual family camp, family activities, bereavement support, and a hospital meal program that offers comfort and support for families during a difficult journey. Through it all, we never charge families a dime.” in april 2013 my grandson was born with Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and donating to this amazing organization and helping even in this small way, is something i’m proud to do. . please reach out if you need a piece for an upcoming auction or charitable event #curekids #finishcancer . . . . . #stravacycling #dreambigworkhard #dreambig #etsy #etsyusa #etsyshop #etsyfinds #industrialdecor #steampunkart #steampunkclock #shimano #campagnolo #handmadeart #handmadeisbetter #shoplocal #bmx #roadbike #ridelikeagirl #cyclistgifts #bicycleart #cyclists #cyclingphotos #womeninbusiness #giftsforguys #menstuff #clockart #giftsformen (at Beaverton, Oregon) https://www.instagram.com/p/B2pTnVcFT3w/?igshid=1xlyhntdja9vl
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ownerzero · 5 years
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Infant with Rare Juvenile Cancer Survives After Receiving Treatment Based on Genetic Test Results
There are still so many rare cases of diseases that we don’t know which may be due to genetic mutations or alterations. One such case involved an infant who was less than a year old diagnosed with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Standard treatments had no effect while his body continued to deteriorate. When doctors conducted […]
The post Infant with Rare Juvenile Cancer Survives After Receiving Treatment Based on Genetic Test Results appeared first on AWorkstation.com.
source https://aworkstation.com/infant-with-rare-juvenile-cancer-survives-after-receiving-treatment-based-on-genetic-test-results/
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teachingrounds · 3 years
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Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) occurs when monoblasts start overproducing monocytes (absolute monocyte count >5000/microL). Patients present with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, rash, and/or bleeding from thrombocytopenia due to crowding out of megakaryoctes in the bone marrow. Lab abnormalities include monocytosis out of proportion to other cytopenias, and the WBC differential includes immature and/or dysplastic cells that have been prematurely pushed out of the bone marrow. The stereotypical patient is a neonate with Noonan Syndrome or a 2-year-old boy with an NF1 mutation.
Pro-Tip: JMML can be difficult to distinguish from viral or bacterial infections, or from acute leukemia.
Source: Sivan Kassiff, "JMML/Pancytopenia," Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Senior Morning Report (9 April 2020).
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tinastrich · 5 years
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Just Pinned to LastRites: The Last Photo I Took of My Son. He Passed Soon After This Was Taken from Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia on July 31st 2011. http://bit.ly/2UBBIg5
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iimshubham · 4 years
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Paediatric Cancer: Overview, Types and Treatments
Paediatric Cancer: Advanced paediatric cancer begins when healthy cells grow out of control. In most sorts of cancer, these cells form a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A tumor is cancerous, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but won't spread to distant parts of the body.
The most common childhood cancers are:
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
Leukemia: It is the cancer of the white blood cells. White blood cells (also called leukocytes or WBCs) fight infections and other diseases.
Most cases of leukemia in children are:
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which affects lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), which affects blast cells (immature white blood cells)
Less common types of childhood leukemia include:
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
Signs & Symptoms of Leukemia:
pain within the bones or joints, sometimes causing a limp
swollen lymph nodes (swollen glands) in the neck, groin, or elsewhere
poor appetite and weight loss
fevers with no other symptoms
belly pain
Lymphoma: Lymphoma may be a sort of cancer that begins in lymphoid tissue. There are several types of lymphomas. All other sorts of lymphoma fall under the non-Hodgkin lymphoma grouping.
Osteosarcoma: Osteosarcoma is that the commonest sort of bone cancer, and accounts for about 3% of cancers that happen in children. Although other sorts of cancer can eventually spread to parts of the skeleton, osteosarcoma is one among the few that really begin in bones and sometimes spread. The most common symptoms of osteosarcoma are pain and swelling within the leg or arm. It happens most frequently within the long bones of the body like above or below the knee or within the upper arm near the shoulder.
Symptoms and Signs Paediatric Cancer:
Continued, unexplained weight loss
Headaches, often with early morning vomiting
Increased persistent pain in the bones, joints, back, or legs
Mass or Lump, especially in the abdomen, chest, neck, armpits, or pelvis
Development of excessive bruising, bleeding, or rash
Constant, frequent, or persistent infections
A whitish color behind the pupil
Nausea that persists or vomiting without nausea
Constant tiredness or noticeable paleness
Eye changes that occur suddenly and persist
Recurring or persistent fevers of unknown origin
Treatment:
Surgery: Surgery is that the removal of the tumor, either cancerous or noncancerous, and a few surrounding healthy tissues during operation. Many children with a tumor will need surgery at some point as a neighborhood of their treatment. A surgical oncologist is a doctor who specializes in treating a tumor using surgery.
Therapies using medication: Systemic therapy is the use of medication to destroy cancer cells. This type of medication is given through the bloodstream to succeed in cancer cells throughout the body. Systemic therapies are generally prescribed by a pediatric oncologist.
The types of therapies used for childhood cancer include:
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is the use of medicine to destroy cancer cells, usually by keeping the cancer cells from growing, dividing, and making more cells. A chemotherapy regimen, or schedule, usually consists of a selected number of cycles given over a group period of your time.
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy also called biologic therapy, is meant to spice up the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer. It uses materials made either by the body or during a laboratory to enhance, target, or restore system function.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles like photons to destroy cancer cells. A doctor who focuses on giving radiotherapy to treat cancer is named a radiation oncologist. Because healthy organs and tissues within the field are in danger for damage and second cancers, especially in young children, doctors often attempt to avoid using radiotherapy whenever possible in treating childhood cancer. The most common sort of radiation treatment is named external-beam radiation, which is radiation given from a machine outside the body. When radiation treatment is given using implants, it's called internal radiotherapy or brachytherapy.
Bone marrow transplantation/stem cell transplantation: A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure in which bone marrow that contains the cancer is replaced by highly specialized cells. These cells, called hematopoietic stem cells develop into the healthy bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells are blood-forming cells found both in the bloodstream and in the bone marrow. Today, this procedure is more commonly called a somatic cell transplant instead of a bone marrow transplant. This is because it is the stem cells in the blood that are typically being transplanted, not the actual bone marrow tissue.
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frankkjonestx · 4 years
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Cancer mutation in dual role
Analyses of cell signals provide insight into the origin of severe inflammatory symptoms that appear in various types of blood cancer and point to possible therapeutic approaches: In around one-fourth of patients suffering from juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), there is evidence of mutations in the so-called KRAS gene in the leukemia cells. Patients affected by JMML carrying these mutations suffer particularly often from signs of inflammation, such as fever, weight loss, and an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. It was previously unknown how the sometimes severe inflammatory symptoms are connected with the cancer. from Tips By Frank https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200408104946.htm
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ruggerorespigo · 4 years
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Cancer mutation in dual role
Analyses of cell signals provide insight into the origin of severe inflammatory symptoms that appear in various types of blood cancer and point to possible therapeutic approaches: In around one-fourth of patients suffering from juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), there is evidence of mutations in the so-called KRAS gene in the leukemia cells. Patients affected by JMML carrying these mutations suffer particularly often from signs of inflammation, such as fever, weight loss, and an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. It was previously unknown how the sometimes severe inflammatory symptoms are connected with the cancer. Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200408104946.htm
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