Family of Late US billionaire Agree to Return Looted Artifacts to Cambodia
The family of late American pipeline billionaire George Lindemann has agreed to return 33 looted artifacts to Cambodia, according to the US Attorney’s Office, a decision described as “momentous” by the Southeast Asian country.
The collection includes statues of deities, angels and demons from the 10th and 12th centuries from Koh Ker, the ancient capital of the Khmer kingdom, and from the famous Angkor Wat temple, the US Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York said on Tuesday.
In a statement it said the family’s decision to return the artifacts was voluntary. Lawyers for the Lindemann family did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Cambodia’s archaeological sites suffered widespread looting during civil conflicts from the 1960s to 1990s and its government has spent years pursuing the return of antiquities, some of which it says are on display in American museums.
The United States repatriated 27 smuggled antiquities to Cambodia in 2021, including Hindu and Buddhist statues valued at about $3.8 million and last year returned 30 more including several that were more than 1,000 years old.
The artifacts that were held by the Lindemann family are expected to be repatriated later this year, said Bradley Gordon, a lawyer advising Cambodia on the repatriations and head of its investigation team.
He said he understood the Lindemann family had paid more than $20 million for the artifacts.
Cambodia’s Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts in a statement said the Lindemann family’s decision to return the artifacts set “an excellent and proper example for other museums and private collectors.”
In a June speech to the American Chamber of Commerce, two months before becoming Cambodia’s leader, Prime Minister Hun Manet said the antiquities were national treasures and more than just historical relics.
“They are the blood in our veins and the soul in our hearts that forge the identity of being Khmer… our heritages define who we are and who we will be,” he said.
US authorities have spent more than a decade working on locating artifacts from Cambodia and have so far repatriated 65. In 2019, art dealer Douglas Latchford was indicted for wire fraud and other crimes related to selling looted Cambodian artifacts, but the charges were dismissed after his death.
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Lingam at Koh Ker temple, Cambodia
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大急ぎRemote Temple Tour
4日目。
今日は観光のあと、夜のフライトでバンコクに戻ります。
今日のルートはカンボジア名でプレアヴィヒア(タイ名でカオ・プラ・ウィハーン)→コーケー遺跡群→シェムリアップ空港です。
ということで出発前に宿をチェックアウト。
オールドマーケットにも近いしリーズナブルでいい宿でした。またシェムリアップ来ることあったらここに泊まろう。
8時にプレアヴィヒアへ出発。
プレアヴィヒアは過去にタイ側から何度か来たことがある場所。最後は2007年12月。
忙しいことはいいことだ。
その後、領有権を巡るドンパチで、現在はタイ側からアクセスはできず、カンボジアからのみアクセスできるようです。
政争の具にしなくても
プレアヴィヒアの麓で専用トラックに乗り換え山頂へ(ゴールデンロックみたいだ)。到着する頃にはお昼前。
思ったより時間かかったなーーー。
お昼の日差しは強いうえ、彫刻の陰影も上からに…
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Koh Ker tower tree, Cambodia
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Koh Ker tower tree, Cambodia
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Koh Ker tower tree, Cambodia
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Koh Ker tower tree, Cambodia
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Halloen, sa treet til mauren
Joda, det er ikke fritt for at det er endel overgrodde tempelbygg og ruiner når en reiser rundt i det gamle Khmer-imperiet. Det blir gjerne slik etter et mektig rike som regjerte et stort område i Sørøstasia i over 600 år.
Dette Tempeltårnet er sånn sett eksemplarisk. Banyan-treet finner støtte hos tempeltårnet til å vinne konkurransen om tilgang til mest mulig lys. Med tilhørende omfattende rotsystem for å få nok vann. Og støtte til det flerplantesamfunnet som gror i, på og rundt dette regnskogstreet.
Så har vi prominent i døråpningen en diger maurtue med små og store tråkk. Denne hadde blant annet en tydelig sti i retning av en enda større tue inne i skogen.
Lingapura, Koh Ker, Chok Gargyar
Disse to tårnene står i tempelkomplekset som i dag kalles Preah Koh Ker. Koh Ker var under to konger Khmer-imperiets hovedstad som Lingapura eller Chok Gargyar, "City of Glance", tidlig på 900-tallet EVT. Før hovedstaden igjen ble flyttet til Angkor nord for dagens Siem Reap for de neste 500 årene.
I løpet av i underkant av 80 år ble det bygget over 40 templer i området. De fleste små, men også tre store konstruksjoner. En egen stil av steinhugging ble perfeksjonert her. Denne stilen er også av de mest kjente i verden, av mer tragiske årsaker.
Avstand skaper tjuv
Koh Ker ligger 120 kilometer unna Siem Reap, og det tar et par-tre timer å kjøre dit i dag. Avstanden til det sentrale Angkor har betydd at dette er det mest plyndrete området både i middelalder og nyere tid. Svært mange av khmer-statuene, spesielt de uten føtter, og ofte uten hode som er utstilt i offentlige og private samlinger verden rundt kommer herfra. I likhet med basrelieffer og andre kunstgjenstander.
Det er helt vilt hvor mange steder rundt Koh Ker det står steinfundament med en fot og en halv legg etter at en kunsttjuv røsket med seg resten av statuen. Gjerne samtidig knekke av hodet, og så selge det separat. Eller finne tomme veggarealer med spor av meislene som hugget løs veggrelieffene.
I dag er dette det samme som kunsttyverier og kulturutplyndringer. Det meste av det som vises fram av khmer-kunst internasjonalt er kontraband og resultat av helerier og forfalskete dokumenter.
Heldigvis er det som er igjen virkelig verdt et eget besøk når man er i Kambodsja.
For den som vil vite mer, er det en glimrende John Oliver-gjennomgang fra høsten 2022 på HBO, eller her.
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Chasing Cambodia’s stolen statues
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Cambodia's Historic Sites Attract Over 30,000 Visitors Early This Year
Over 33,000 tourists visited Preah Vihear and Koh Ker in Cambodia in early 2024, marking significant tourism growth and highlighting the need for new promotion strategies.
via Phnom Penh Post, 06 March 2024: In the first two months of 2024, over 33,000 tourists visited the Preah Vihear and Koh Ker temples in Cambodia, marking a significant increase in visitor numbers. While Cambodian visitor numbers slightly decreased, foreign tourist numbers saw a substantial rise, with Preah Vihear temple hosting over 14,000 visitors and Koh Ker attracting nearly 19,400. The…
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Pyramids everywhere
Memories from the first time I climbed a pyramid. And I even had deliberations with a monk at the top!
The really weird thing about the former city now called Koh Ker are the tight restrictions on walking. Outside the well marked, and well used pathways there are still undetonated mines. The work removing them are still going on, a quarter of a century after the civil war ended here.
It is a pity, because the nature here is as beautiful as it is in the rest of the Angkor Archaeological area. There are some small villages, but it is the nearly 180 remains of temples and other sanctuaries in the 81 km2 jungle filled region that is really interesting. But yet not very accessible. But the 40 sites in the demined areas are worth a visit.
Former imperial capital
Among them this pyramid. It is a 36 meter high, seven tiered pyramid probably serving as the state temple for the Angkor King Jayavarman IV. He, and his son and heir king Harshavarman II briefly moved the capital of the Khmer Empire to this site between 928-944 CE. The capital was named Lingapura (city of lingams) or Chok Gargyar (translated as city of glance, or as iron tree forest).
The panorama view is worth the short climb up a modern steel scaffold stairs. I did meet a buddhist monk on top. As often is, the local monks like to talk and practice their English on visitors. You do get some insider information on people and culture in Cambodia that way.
Even after the capital was moved back to the area around todays Siem Reap, Koh Ker played an important role in the development of art and architecture in the Khmer empire. Jayavarman IV himself initiated a heavy program of building a stately capital. Over 40 temples and an enormous water tank was built during his reign.
Day trip options
Koh Ker (Khmer: ប្រាសាទកោះកេរ្ដិ៍) is a remote archaeological site in about 120 kilometres (75 mi) away from Siem Reap, to the east of Koulen Mountain. It is one of the places of old Angkor where the Temple ticket/pass does not cover entrance. The fee is (2021) 10 USD. It is appx a 90 minute drive from Siem Reap.
Food, drinks and lodging is available. And the contribution to the local economy is highly welcome.
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Lingam at Temple in Koh Ker, Cambodia
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Hey, since Kur in "our" universe looks like a giant, iridescent, black serpent with a mane of flaming feathers and antlers (amazing design you came up with, btw), and since the Monday universe takes the normal character designs and skews it a bit to the left (Monday-Fisk has horns, Monday-Zak had his hair colors swapped, etc), what would your Monday-Kur look like?
Actually, I believe Monday!Kur would be a jaguar!
The Smoke Mirror is based on the Aztec myth of the 5 suns, which states that the world has been created and destroyed four times already. Each world is defined by which god acted as the sun; the first sun was Tetzcatlipoca, who - maybe because he lost his leg in an earlier myth - did kind of a crappy job. His sun was dim and black.(We know it’s specifically this myth because the game is “beasts of the fifth sun”)
The Smoke Mirror in the show is explicitly found in a temple dedicated to Tetzcatlipoca, and furthermore, one of Tetz'z epithets was The Smoking Mirror, as mirrors in Aztec times were made of obsidian, which is one of the things associated with Tetz. FURTHERfurthermore, Jay Stephens was active on forums around the time of the show's airing, and he confirmed that the Monday universe is not a MIRROR dimension (as in, Monday!Argost would not be a good guy), but rather, a DARKER dimension. It's kept deliberately vague whether the Smoke Mirror LITERALLY leads to an earlier version of the universe, or whether the mirror ALREADY led to a dark and twisted universe and the Aztec five suns myth sprang up around it.
Now, the reason why this means Monday!Kur is a jaguar to me is because Tetzcatlipoca was traditionally BITTER RIVALS with Quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcoatl is a big snake, and Kur is a big snake. (For the record, Quetz was the second sun in the five suns myth, and also the reason Tetz's world ended. In retaliation, Tetz ended Quetz's stint as sun. Now some other guy is the sun and these two are just Around).
Tetzcatlipoca is associated with, and sometimes takes the guise of, a jaguar. Hence, if "our" universe venerates Quetzalcoatl (and he is considered a folk hero), and "our" Kur is a big snake, then it makes sense to me for the Mondays' Kur to be aligned with Tetzcatlipoca, and to therefore be a jaguar.
(And in case you need context on Kur being a big snake - at the time the show was created, the Sumerian word "Kur" was believed to refer to a massive serpent that lived in the Netherworld (think the Greek underworld), therefore making it the first-ever recorded dragon in all of human history. This has since been debunked, as it turns out "kur" is kind of a multi-purpose word meaning - among other things - "mountain," "land," and "netherworld."
THAT ALL BEING SAID, there is actually a very interesting thing in Indo-European mythology, where there's a recurring theme of massive cthonic (of the underworld) serpents being slayed by storm gods. Tiamat and Marduk, Jormungandr and Thor, Yamato-no-Orochi and Susanoo, Typhon and Zeus... the list goes on. This points to all these stories having some sort of shared common ancestor (which we have not yet pinned down), and this idea of the quintessential massive cthonic serpent, father of all monsters, directly opposing the gods, embodying primal forces of chaos, is what Kur in the show is based on even if we now know that the WORD "kur" does not refer to one of these serpents. Neat, right?
Also, the show constantly associates Kur with the Hindu god Shiva, if you want some more symbolism to add to the pile. Kur's Tomb is listed in the Field Guide as the Koh Ker archaeological site, which is a temple in Cambodia dedicated to Shiva, whose remoteness meant it was excluded from remodels other temples in the area got when the religion changed. Also, one of Shiva's epithets is "The Destroyer," which Rani Nagi calls Kur when she's drowning Zak. Also, one of his symbols is a cobra (which happens to be a naga) around his neck, which represents Shiva's position as Lord of the Beasts, and Rani Nagi communicates through cobras. Also, the "divining rod" Fisk's lemurian instincts cause him to create is actually Shiva's trident, which represents trinities, like past/present/future, or creation/preservation/destruction. Just some fun trivia for you that you didn't ask for.)
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Ecco la lista completa di tutte le 52 destinazioni
Nord America
Parigi, Francia
Yamaguchi, Giappone
Nuova Zelanda
Maui, Hawaii
Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni, Arizona
Singapore
O’Higgins, Cile
Ladakh, India
Ginevra, Svizzera
Dominica, Caraibi
Manchester, Gran Bretagna
Idaho
Baltimora, Maryland
Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia
Negombo, Sri Lanka
Massa e Carrara, Italia
Bannau Brycheiniog, Galles
Marocco
Valencia, Spagna
Kansas City, Missouri
Antananarivo, Madagascar
Yucatan, Messico
Lago di Toba, Indonesia
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Quito, Ecuador
Alpi Albanesi. Valbona National Park
Arcipelago di Mingan, Quebec
Montgomery, Alabama
Tasmania, Australia
Waterford, Irlanda
Tsavo National Park, Kenya
Brasilia, Brasile
El Salvador
Koh Ker, Cambogia
Vestmannayjar, Islanda
Montevideo, Uruguay
Mustang, Nepal
Vienna, Austria
Brisbane, Australia
Pasadena, California
Hurghada, Egitto
Boundary Waters, Minnesota
Thessaloniki (Salonicco), Grecia
Normandia, Francia
Grenada, Caraibi
El Camino de Costa Rica
Alpi albanesi
Whitehorse, Yukon
Choquequirao, Perù
Dresda, Germania
Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Messico
Flamingo, Florida
Ben Youssef Madrasa, Marrakech
Dall'articolo "Dal «Sentiero dell'eclissi» a Massa Carrara: le mete imperdibili nel 2024 per il New York Times" di Marco Trabucchi
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