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tower-of-hana · 7 months

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Old Jalo Grammar Note: Pronouns

Jë class, today we will be talking about pronouns in Old Jalo. This probably the hardest part of the language so if you figure this out you will be well on your way to acquiring a completely useless skill.

Basics

Pronouns are divided into 8 genders: pɒ́t (black), tà (blue), tlo (orange), càp (green), mɔ (yellow), po (red), tlɔ (purple), Tlóc (white). Each correspond to a class of words defined by a certain societal job. Black = retired people/ old things, white = children with no job/ young things, blue = any aquatic job, orange = urban jobs, green = foraging/farming, yellow = mining, red = violent jobs, and purple = science jobs. (In this post I will be using pink to represent special pronouns)

"But Hana, how do I form a sentence if there are no person distinctions!!!".

It's easy (most of the time), watch this:

I enchant the weapon

Xana tìm sónc-tsɒ.

"but how's that an application of a pronoun Hana, you just used your name?"

well if later we want to say:

I kill the fish with the weapon

It would translate as:

tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús

What happened?

Nouns have unwritten (but mostly obvious) genders so it would probably be more helpful if the sentences were notated like this:

Xana tìm sónc-tsɒ

Tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús

The pronouns replace the element of the same gender which can include a person's name. This system can be used to express the ideas that pronouns with person distinctions can express.

Relative Clauses

To create a relative clause in Jallo you simply create a normal clause then nominalize the verb using the nominalizing suffix -me then add a case ending. For example:

I have a weapon that kills people

Tlɔ ɔcekàtsse po-nkó, tlupfocúp-me-nkó ɔ̀pipæ̀tlɒ-pɔ̀-tsɒ

Questions

Questions are asked by replacing the thing you are asking about with the with the question pronoun, tse. For example:

tse tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús?

Who kills the fish with the weapon?

Tlɔ tlupfocúp tse-tsɒ po-ús?

What does Hana kill with the weapon?

Tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ tse-ús?

What does Hana kill the fish with?

After You've Already Used a Pronoun and Pfɒ

Let's say I want to continue the conversation after talking about my violent fish-murder. What if I wanted to say "I eat the fish"? You would think I would say:

Tlɔ lúcá tà-tsɒ

But actually we don't need to mention tlɔ or tà again because you have already specified what those pronouns mean and you don't need to include them anymore. To do so would imply that you are talking about a different purple and blue thing that you have already mentioned. But we're not done yet. if we just say "Lúcá." then we are saying I eat the fish with the weapon". This is because "with the weapon" was also mentioned before as a pronoun and is implied by the sentence. To remove is we need to use a handy pronoun called pfɒ. This pronoun indicates that there is no previously stated implicit pronoun in its case in the sentence. Therefore what we actually want to say is:

Lúcá pfɒ-ús

This pronoun can also be used to approximate grammatical voices:

The passive:

Pfɒ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús

The fish was killed with the weapon

The antipassive:

Tlɔ tlupfocúp pfɒ-tsɒ po-ús

Hana kills something with the weapon

And whatever this is:

Tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ pfɒ-ús

Hana kills the fish with something

The Context Particle

As I said above, an implied pronoun can have a different value from an explicit pronoun of the same gender. To change the explicit pronoun we simply mention a thing of the same gender in a sentence but what if we want to change the implicit pronoun without also changing the explicit pronoun? Allow me to introduce the context particle, ɒtlij! Attaching this particle to your sentence with a word changes the implicit pronoun of that gender. For example, if you want to say "I eat the food with a tongue" you would say:

Lúcá ɒtlij ípfitsùpɒ̀

In this sentence ípfitsùpɒ̀ replaces sónc as the implicit red noun.

A Word of Warning About the Context Particle

While there will be another grammar note on politeness later, it is worth noting that ɒtlij has to be used carefully. It is considered impolite to use it when refer to a pronoun that is already being used as an explicit pronoun. Make sure to keep track of what each pronoun refers to so you don't piss someone off.

BUT HANA THAT'S UNREALISTIC

A little but it's fun.

#conlang #conlanging #constructed language #conlangs #linguistics #languages #linguistic #lingblr #conblr #jallo #language learning #language lessons #language lesson #jallo lesson

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76historylover · 11 months

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this is for indigenous folks, specifically Abenaki individuals: kwai! i want to let you all know that ndakinna education center has online western Abenaki lessons that you can sign up for! there's beginner, intermediate and expert lessons, as well as a game night! Abenaki is a beautiful language and i hope to guide abenaki/indigenous folks to resources that help with reclamation/revitalization/rematriation!

#crapsarahposts #crapsarahsays #linguistics #languages #indigenous #indigenous languages #indigenous language #native american #native americans #indigenous peoples #first nations #abenaki #language lessons #language lesson #resources #language resources #language resource #ndakinna education center

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bittercoffeeandrain · 2 years

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People

én - me/I

te - you (singular, informal)

ő - he/she/it/they (singular) (or it can mean any other pronoun, we only have this one)

mi - we

ti - you (plural, informal)

ők - they (plural)

Ön/Maga - you (singular and formal) (do not say Maga unless you hate the person you are talking to, it's the rude way to be formal to someone)

Önök/Maguk - you (plural and formal)

ember - person/human

nő - woman (also means to grow and i love making jokes about it)

nők - women

férfi - man

férfiak - men

nem - sex (nem also means no and you can also make a joke with this like i do)

felnőtt - adult

felnőttek - adults

gyerek - child

gyerekek - children

néni - old woman (depends on your age, older than you by a lot)

bácsi - old man (same goes as with néni, depends on your age who you see as old)

lány - girl

lányok - girls

fiú - boy

fiúk - boys

tinédzser - teenager

tini - teen

#hungarian #hungarian language #language lesson #hungarian langblr #magyar

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allo-frouto · 10 months

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let's sexting

After the term "Let's", the -ing suffix leaves the verb.

#<3 #welcome #to another #language lesson #with me #hihihi

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hairmetal666 · 11 months

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Never in a million years did Steve Harrington think he'd be standing in the drama club room in front of Eddie the Freak--who's sitting on a goddamn throne with his full lips pulled into a smug grin--asking to be taught how to play Dorks and Goblins. Yet, here he is, face a burning shade of crimson, as he explains for the sixth time what, exactly, he needs.

"Munson, it's not that hard. Henderson wants me to play in the--the game thingy they're doing when Will is home for a visit."

"Yeah, Harrington, and I stop listening every time you call it a game thingy. You obviously don't care about this at all, so why should I waste my time helping you?"

Steve rolls his eyes. "What if I pay you?"

Munson's face goes through a complicated series of changes before falling into a neutral mask, no smirk or teasing smile to be found. "You'll pay me to teach you dnd? Are you fucking kidding?"

"No?' Steve draws a hand through his hair, watches as Munson's dark eyes track the movement. "I thought you might help me out cause those kids never shut-up about you, but I'm willing to put money on it."

"Huh," Eddie says. He steeples his fingers under his chin. "Maybe I misjudged you, Harrington."

Steve lets himself smile at this. "I don't think you did. I don't give a shit about this game."

"Didn't take you for one to have a bunch of nerdy child friends."

"I'm their babysitter," he says, realizes immediately it was a mistake.

Eddie cackles until it turns into a full-bodied laugh, tears leaking from the corners of his eyes. "You are something else, Harrington," he manages.

For his part, Steve hopes Munson hasn't noticed how bright red his face is. "Does that mean you'll help me?"

"I guess," he rolls his eyes. "But if you're just screwing around, I'm out."

"No, yeah, totally," Steve nods too hard, sends his hair cascading into his face. "Sounds good. How much?"

"Huh?" Eddie tilts his face up, giving Steve a perfect view of the smattering of faint freckles across the bridge of his nose.

"I said I'd pay you. What's the going rate for dnd lessons?"

"Oh, nah, free of charge, Harrington. Henderson would eat me alive if he knew I made you pay."

The smile they share is soft, tentative, and Steve doesn't notice the swathes of pink decorating Eddie's pale cheekbones.

---

They meet up in the drama room after the last bell. Eddie is waiting on the throne with his feet propped on the table, sipping a Mt. Dew. His eyes widen when Steve walks into the room.

"You're on time," he says.

Steve scoffs. "Why wouldn't I be?"

Eddie shrugs, sets his feet on the floor. "Just wasn't aware that the King put a lot of stock in punctuality."

"C'mon, man, I'm trying not to be that guy, and I'm definitely not king of anything. Unless maybe it's Family Video, but even then, that's Robin."

"You're kind of weird, Harrington, you know that?" Eddie's dimples bracket his smile. The sight does weird things in Steve's chest.

"I've been told, yeah." Steve smiles back. "Where do we start?"

They start with dice, with a character sheet.

"Chaotic-good human Paladin?" Eddie asks.

He shrugs. "That's what Dustin keeps screaming at me. I got no idea what any of it means."

"That's not entirely true," Eddie says. "You've kept up with me so far."

"Yeah, that's you. Dustin rambles and then accuses me of not listening when it's over my head. When he goes on long enough, I start to get a headache right here," Steve rubs the spot between his eyes.

"That kid," Eddie says with the right combination of affection and frustration. "I don't know, you seem to have picked up on some of the stuff he said. You have a solid idea on gameplay, at least. I'd say you're doing pretty good."

"Thanks," Steve laughs. "No migraine yet, so that's a point in your favor."

"Migraines?"

"Head trauma."

"Byers?"

"And Hargrove."

"That was Hargrove?" Eddie asks.

"Hit me in the head with a plate."

"What the fuck."

"He was pissed that Max was friends with Lucas. He came after them. I couldn't just let him--I think he would've killed Lucas."

Eddie nods, hands fiddling with a die. "No wonder those kids love you," he says.

"We've been through some shit together."

"Guess it makes more sense why you wanted to learn dnd."

"As much as it pains me to admit," Steve rolls his eyes. "I love to make those little shitheads happy."

"Well, based on the way they talk about you, you succeed."

"You too, you know?" Steve offers. "All I've heard about the last three months is 'Eddie's so cool,' 'Hellfire's so fun.'"

"Jealous?" Eddie laughs.

"Completely," Steve admits.

"Don't worry, Harrington, I'll make a nerd out of you yet."

---

They meetup after school every day they can over the next two weeks. At first, Steve is surprised that he doesn't really mind spending so much time with Munson, that he actually, kind of, has fun. And the more time they spend together, the more Eddie infiltrates his space. Leans into Steve's side as they sit next to each other, brushes their hands together, hovers over his shoulder, faces nearly touching, as he checks stuff on Steve's character sheet.

It makes Steve feel--well, it makes him think of what it would be like to run his fingers through the soft gloss of Eddie's curls; wonders what that plump mouth would be like pressed against his own; can't stop thinking about if Eddie is as vocal in bed as he is everywhere else. He knows he also likes guys, has for a while, but he's never in his life wanted someone this viscerally; so much he can feel the ache of it in his teeth.

It's the last day before the campaign for Will, and Steve is fucking sad. He thinks maybe Eddie is too. He's at least quieter than normal, explanations not at their usual fever pitch. An hour before they usually call it quits, he claps his hands together (too gently, too unlike himself), says, "That's it, Harrington. You're not going to be more ready than this."

"Right," Steve says. Can't help his eyes from darting over Eddie's face, aching to know what he's thinking. "You'll be there tomorrow?"

Eddie bends his head over his notebooks. "Nah, I don't need to intrude."

"But--"

"It's okay, Stevie. I get that it's family only." He looks like he really means it, but his eyes are sad, don't shine like they should.

Steve doesn't know what to say to that, just nods, and then there's nothing else. They stare at each other for a few very long, quiet seconds, before Eddie says, "I'll see you around, Harrington."

"Right, yeah. You too." And he walks out of the drama room with the heaviest heart he thinks he's ever had.

---

Steve thinks he won't miss Eddie. That if he doesn't dwell on those hours spent with Eddie, learning dnd, that the missing will go away.

It doesn't.

Which is how he finds himself back at the high school on Wednesday, standing in front of the drama room door, willing himself to go inside. Eddie's on the throne, the typical notebooks and binders and Mt. Dew cans clustered around him, but he's not engrossed in imagining up a new campaign for Hellfire. No, his head is in his hands, knees drawn up to his chest.

"Eddie?" Steve asks.

His head pops up, and even in the low light, Steve notices the silvery tracks of tears down his cheeks.

"Steve! What are you--" he hastily wipes at his face with his shirt sleeve. "What are you doing here?"

Steve's acting only on instinct, crossing the room and dropping to his knees, taking Eddie's jaw between his palms, thumbing away the wetness on his cheeks.

"Did someone hurt you?" he asks.

Eddie's laugh is wet. "Nah, Harrington. I only have myself to blame for this one."

"Can I do anything?"

"Are you trying to kill me?"

"Sorry?"

"You, Steve Harrington, kind and compassionate? Learn dnd to make your little nerd friends happy? Who are you?"

"I'm just me, man," Steve blushes. "But, uh, I came to thank you." He's still holding Eddie's face in his hands, can't help but notice the way he flushes, how his dark eyes dart away from Steve's.

"I really liked hanging out with you," Steve says. This close to Eddie, his mind doesn't quite feel like his own. All he can think of is big eyes, soft curls, full lips.

"Yo--you did?"

"So much," Steve whispers. He doesn't quite remember moving, but now their foreheads are pressed together, warm breath mingling, lips almost, almost touching.

"I liked it too," Eddie breathes. After a few seconds, he laughs. "Knew I'd make a nerd out of you, Harrington."

"Shut-up," Steve laughs.

"Make me," Eddie says, and it's just that easy. Steve crosses the space still separating them, presses his mouth against Eddie's.

The kiss is slow, exploratory, the gentle discovery of how they fit together, the promise of all the things they can do in the future, all the pleasure they can bring.

"I'm not a nerd," Steve says when they part.

"No, you're right. You're like a nerd by marriage. Nerd-in-law," Eddie giggles. His eyes are bright, face pink, the most beautiful thing Steve has ever seen.

"Shut-up," Steve giggles right back.

Eddie raises an eyebrow, the dare obvious, and Steve doesn't hesitate to kiss him again.

"You wanna get out of here?" Steve asks when they part, significantly more breathless, jeans significantly tighter, than when he arrived.

"You're gonna have to role persuasion for that, Stevie," Eddie smirks.

#steddie #steve x eddie #steve harrington #eddie munson #fluff #ficlet #oneshot #dnd lessons #falling in love #mutual pining #eddie's down so bad #first kiss #secret nerd steve harrington #i don't know anything about dnd actually so sorry if it's wrong #strangers to friends to lovers #alternate first meeting #big eyes soft curls full lips can't lose #“shut up” “make me” is a love language

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littledreamybeth · 1 year

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안녕하세요 여러분!

저는 베튈이에요. 반갑습니다!

저는 터키 사람이에요.

저는 학생이에요.

저는 방탄소년단을 좋아해요.

저는 한국어를 배워요.

반갑습니다!!

Don't mind me, I'm just flaunting with my new-learned skills in Korean😂 I'm so proud of myself, being able to formulate my first sentences our teacher has tought us!

#language learning #language lesson #korean learning #korean language lesson #korean lesson

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one-time-i-dreamt · 5 days

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My crush was giving me Spanish lessons in a very… sensual manner.

He was sitting on a chair, saying the Spanish words slowly, flirtatiously, and making me repeat them. I swear he was watching my every movement. I’ve never been more entranced.

#he was even using emojis like those TikTok brainrot videos(?)#dream #I was sitting down too btw #if only he was standing so he’d look up at me—#crush #spanish #lessons #language

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learnelle · 6 months

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One thing I haven’t heard being talked about yet is that you just feel completely differently about music when you actually understand the lyrics. Some french songs I used to LOVE just don’t hit the same anymore, and others are so much more special because I can understand the gist upon the first listen. Persistent language learning never runs out of rewards <3

#La Seine from a monster in paris turns out not to be as deep as my 12 year old self thought 💀#studyblr #light academia #Paris #dark academia #langblr #french langblr #language learning #Studyspo #cottagecore #romantic academia #language lessons

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caramelcuppaccino · 2 months

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learning japanese update: i’ve been practicing writing down sentences and trying to understand the sentence structure. linguistically, japanese and turkish have similarities, so i can say that it’s been going well and i’m having sooo much fun!!

#langblr #lunlunstudies #learning japanese #japanese learning #language lessons #second language #japanese language #language learning #language #langblog #studying #studyblr #studyspo #studystudystudy #study motivation

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nelkcats · 11 months

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Superman doesn't know how to curse

So, Clockwork had sent him to another dimension. No problem with that, he actually liked to explore the different dimensions, though he wondered what "lesson" was there for him to learn.

He avoided all nearby beings (he didn't want to face them, even though he had so many questions for the Martian). His plan was going spectacularly well until he tripped over a chair and hit his foot. The pain was immense and he just started cursing.

Now, Jazz was very sensitive about the "we don't swear in this house" part since he was little so, well, he had to get creative and start swearing in languages she didn't understand. Alien languages he had known in the Infinite Realms.

The first thing that gave away the halfa wasn't the lack of invisibility or the Watchtower-wide intruder alert. No, what gave him away was an embarrassed Superman who didn't know how to explain to his teamates that yes, that boy was speaking in Krypton language, and no, he couldn't translate because he didn't want to repeat what he was saying, but no, it wasn't bad.

Conner and Kara who were visiting laughed at Clark's face, he looked completely mortified. Bruce's insistence on knowing exactly what the boy was saying wasn't helping him. While Conner didn't know as much of the language as the other two Supers, he could tell a curse word when he heard it.

Danny looked up to find many individuals looking at him uncertainly, he chuckled, noticing that a man with bat ears was staring at him and a boy in blue pajamas couldn't bear to look at him.

It was the moment where he realized that his invisibility had failed him, so he did the only thing he could think of: he raised his hand in greeting. And disappeared immediately after.

#dpxdc #Pa and Ma taught him better than that #Clark doesn't curse #Jazz tried with Danny but it didn't work #Danny found a loophole in her no swearing rule after meeting aliens in the Realms and learning their languages #It was strangely easy #Danny doesn't know that he can learn dead languages easy because of his condition as a ghost #dp x dc #dc x dp #Connor and Kara approved #Danny speaking Kryptonian #Danny swearing in Kryptonian #The hit hurted and he couldn't help it #JL is confused #Batman is extremely suspicious but Clark is just embarrassed #There was no lesson #Clockwork was just bored #Danny ended in the Watchtower

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dickensianenglishbulldog · 3 months

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French lessons: ✨Je suis allé en France. C’était bien. J’aime le football. Mon père n’aime pas le football.✨

Latin Lessons: 💀gladiator in viro gladium posuit. multum sanguinis fluxit. Homo mortuus est.💀

#I hate French more than I can express #I went to france. it was good. I like football. my father does not like football.#the gladiator put the sword in the man. a lot of blood flowed. The man died.#Latin lessons #Latin #French #school life #GCSEs #languages #linguistics

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dsm-wannabe-linguist · 11 months

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Really enjoying Duolingo’s gradual progression from “the blue duck wears a big hat” to “if Matthew doesn’t make good on his alimony payments then I’m calling a hitman”

#duolingo #langblr #language #language blog #languageblr #language meme #language memes #language learning #duolingo memes #learning languages #learning #studyblr #language lessons

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bittercoffeeandrain · 2 years

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Színek - Colours

szín - colour

piros - red (sometimes it can also be vörös, it comes from our word from blood which is vér. when something is bloody it's véres -> veres -> vörös. the colour red)

kék - blue

sárga - yellow

zöld - green

lila - purple

fehér - white

fekete - black

szürke - grey

barna - brown

bézs - beige

rózsaszín - pink

ciklámen - magenta

türkiz - turquoise

narancssárga - orange (basically orange yellow)

sötét - dark (can be put at the beginning such as dark blue is sötétkék, dark green is sötétzöld, dark brown is sötétbarna)

világos - light, fair (same like i used in sötét, világoskék is light blue, világoszöld is light green, világosbarna is light brown)

(also something to remember about Világos. It also means Clear. So when someone tells you something and asks

Világos?

You can reply

Világos.

It means Understand? Yeah I understand. in this situation)

#hungarian language #hungarian #langblr #hungarian learning #language lesson #oof vki bekövetett s rájöttem h eléggé hanyagoltam ezt a blogot lmao sorry #im gonna post more stuff now feel free to ask me any questions #after all i am from hungary

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zzzzzestforlife · 2 months

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increasingly "useless" reasons why i like learning languages

@studentbyday said i should re-define "useless" in my mind. instructions unclear. made a shitpost instead 💩

💌: inside-my-phone format is back!🍃 do you agree/disagree with my MTL rankings? what motivates you? 👀

i can be a more empathetic, understanding, and supportive person who makes sure to only cuss people out in languages they don't understand so that their feelings aren't hurt ❤️

i can talk to more people who will probably think i'm an idiot because of how badly i speak their language 👄

i can nurture my self-confidence/-esteem as long as i don't think too hard about how much i don't know 🥰

i can read more books, articles, people arguing on the internet, etc. 📚

i can travel to foreign countries more easily until someone asks me to translate something important and i mess up and land us both in prison or something ✈️

i can unlock new work opportunities until someone asks me to translate something important and i mess up and land us both in prison or something 💼

i can multitask better even though i shouldn't even be doing it in the first place 🤹‍♀️

i can watch my favorite shows/listen to my favorite songs without subtitles/translations so that my brain rot can continue in peace 📺

i can, on the other hand, stop losing brain cells?? 🧠

i can eavesdrop on more people, probably at the grocery store 🙉

i can show off at work and other places where it is appropriate to show off irrelevant skills ✨

sex appeal?? 🥵

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