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#linguistic experts services
shatar-aethelwynn · 2 years
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It's the year 2460 and a small debate has errupted. The cause: a photo of an early 21st century American street where a sign saying "shots available" can be seen. Someone has made the claim that this sign is for an ammunitions store because "projectile ammunition is counted by the number of shots it has available, and everyone in America had guns at this time". The weapons enthusiasts swarm over this claim, angry over this blatant inaccuracy. Everyone is about to learn about period arms whether they want to or not. The historians and linguistic experts of the period are appealed to and they explain that it likely refers to vaccines but a few who have not seen the image say that a less likely but plausible alternative was for alcoholic beverages depending on the location the sign was found. A not insignificant group of non-experts insists that they are all wrong and that it refers to a persons-connection service on the basis that one "takes a shot" when seizing an opportunity or entering into a relationship. If shots are "available" they can "be taken". This prompts a few "*winkwinknudgenudge* take a shot" comments. One wiseass says maybe it was a typo and was supposed to say "shorts available" prompting a thorough breakdown of how corporate signage was created and distributed at the time. "X Available" signs become a meme for a period. Everyone agrees that English was always a confusing language.
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goosewriting · 5 months
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summary: after getting stationed at the fortress inquisitorius, it seems a certain inquisitor takes an interest in reader.
relationship: inquisitor Cal Kestis x gn!reader
warnings: (18+) me being absolutely delulu, slow-burn-ish??? as it can get at 7k lol, making out at the end and fade to black, sexual tension if you squint, psychometry 
word count: 7.6k
A/N: started writing this back when i restarted JFO and got cal’s inquisitor clothes, so it’s been in the works for quite some time. also i had made pancakes back then and was sad about having no one to share them with, so i shall share them virtually with all of you <3
(english is not my first language. constructive criticism and grammar corrections are very appreciated!)
— — —
As long as you can remember, you’ve always been fascinated by the way people communicate with each other. Now, as a linguistics and behaviour expert, you count yourself lucky to be one of the probably few people who actually like their job. Stationed in an Imperial office on your home planet, you mainly monitor comms and analyse the occasional security holovid in an attempt to weed out any suspicious activity. 
In fact, it was thanks to you that a rebel cell was found, since you caught a suspicious exchange on unused frequencies, which earned you a promotion. You were content with that already, but then your superior said he’d put in a good word for you, as he’s always felt like you were far more capable than just listening to comms all day, and that you could use your skills better in service of the Empire. 
Fast-forward three months and lo and behold, you’re now stationed at Fortress Insquisitorius. 
It’s the first day and while you’ve got the grand tour of the place by a group of stormtroopers especially assigned to you (you still can’t quite believe you get your own little squad of troopers), there’s still some time before dinner. After dismissing the men, saying you’ll catch up to them later at the mess hall, you walk around, further checking out the place. 
As you turn a corner to a hallway you haven’t been to yet, you notice it looks rather deserted. You check the small sign on the wall; this leads to one of the bigger residential wings, but not yours. So you decide to turn on your heels and head the other way. Except that before you can even take a step in that direction, you’re stopped in your tracks by an invisible force and turned back around again. This hold around you isn’t so tight that you can’t breathe, but you do feel the pressure keeping your arms at your sides and your body suspended in the air, the sole of your boots hanging barely an inch over the polished floor. Unable to resist your captor, you’re met with an Inquisitor, of all people, who slowly walks towards you with one of their hands in the air, holding you in place.
They come to a halt before you, the helmet tilting slightly to the side as the eyes under the red visor study you, out of your view. 
“Who are you?” comes the distorted voice. Despite the modulator, you can tell by the tone and body language it’s a man. You’ve heard stories about Inquisitors, and despite being stationed at their base, you hoped you wouldn’t have to interact with them. Just your luck, and in an empty hallway no less.
Nonetheless, you tell him your name, station and even your office’s room number. Just in case. 
“I’m new,” you add, as if it wasn’t obvious by now. He remains eerily calm and still all the while. With a polite smile, you throw the question back at him, “And you are?”
His helmet tilts the other way ever so slightly as if your question took him by surprise.
“Inquisitor Kestis,” he replies after a second. “Cal Kestis”
“Well, nice to meet you, Inquisitor Cal Kestis,” you say. If you could move, you’d stretch out your hand towards him out of habit as a greeting, but he probably wouldn’t take it either way, so you’re glad you don’t get the chance to embarrass yourself. Yet, anyway. 
For a few moments, he just stands there with you in his invisible grasp. Is he looking at you? Did he space out? You suddenly feel your stomach complaining about its emptiness.
“Uhm, could you let me down again?” you ask, looking down at the floor tiles and back up at the red visor. “I’d like to go get dinner.”
Without a word, he places you back onto the ground surprisingly gently, then takes off in the direction he came from, disappearing from your view as he turns a corner. Well, you think to yourself with a satisfied nod as you make your way to the mess hall, I think that was a solid first impression. Good job, me.
The next day, you officially start your new job, and you’re all sorts of excited and nervous. You’re still intercepting messages, decoding and translating encrypted communications, but on a much higher level this time. These are important people you’re monitoring. You’re also called as an interpreter when there’s holocalls with parties who refuse to have droids in the room. Besides, the officers and generals seem to actually enjoy having you around, with your happy and optimistic demeanour in this otherwise cold and sterile building. You know that Imperial staff can be rough sometimes, but you’re convinced that the kindness you put out into the world eventually comes back to you. So you make sure to treat everyone equally, with kindness and respect, wearing a smile whenever you get the chance.
The days go on, and you see all sorts of people around the place. You do see some Inquisitors from time to time, mainly in the hangar. Occasionally they make an appearance in the mess hall as well, but they usually sit alone and for a very short amount of time on one of the round tables in the far corner of the mess. You never see Inquisitor Kestis there, though. 
As you sit with your little trooper squad, you chew on a stringy piece of meat deep in thought, not really paying attention to the conversation. This Kestis has you intrigued if you’re being honest with yourself. You still don't understand why he talked to you. The other Inquisitors seem to ignore you, as well as everyone else, most of the time. Besides, Kestis could have just talked to you. There was no need to Force-hold you or anything. Was he trying to show you he’s in charge or something? Doesn’t that mean that he felt threatened? 
With a light scoff at yourself — because the notion of an Inquisitor being intimidated by you is pretty silly — you take another bite of your food, your gaze scanning the mess hall without looking at anything in particular. The thing is that, since you don’t see Kestis in the mess hall like, ever, you only catch fleeting glances of him here and there when you see him slip into the elevator or turn a sharp corner at a hallway. You furrow your brows. It’s almost like he’s avoiding you. And that makes you just much more intrigued in what his deal is.
When the squad is in a good mood, you try to slip a question into the conversation about the Inquisitors here and there, asking if they ever saw their faces or what they’re like, and what they do. The troopers can only tell you the rumours you’ve already heard in a thousand different versions, the details getting more violent and out of hand every time you hear them. You dismiss most of those stories; you’ve noticed that a few Inquisitors walk around without a helmet. And others are pretty direct in their attitude towards others, getting into arguments or even physical fights when something bothers them. So they all want the rest to know who they are and be scared, many even seem to enjoy the fear in people’s faces. But Kestis? The few times you’ve seen him, he moves like a well-oiled machine. His face is always hidden, every movement is calculated, and he doesn’t waste his breath on any unnecessary syllable. That’s just proof that he has a carefully curated persona he wears when he’s out and about. But once he’s alone, when he gets to peel back all those layers? You truly wonder what lies beneath. 
One evening you find yourself thinking about him yet again, suddenly concerned about his eating habits, wondering if he’s okay and eating well. For some reason that you still can’t quite comprehend, you decide to just go to him. After all, if he didn’t want to see you, he’d just send you away, right? By now you’re very well aware about what the Inquisitors are capable of, but you’re both on the same side, so surely there’s nothing to worry about. 
At least that’s what you tell yourself as your feet carry you to the mess hall that evening.
After you’re done eating (the food today is better than you would have thought), you order a second portion to go. You start walking down the hallway, looking for a console or a droid. You know where the residential wing is, but you don’t know what floor the Inquisitors’ rooms are, and doubt there’ll be specific directions towards them. It isn’t long before you do find an R4 unit, and you ask where the Inquisitor quarters are. The cylindrical droid beeps and jumps a little with a startle, at first unwilling to tell you, afraid that if it does, the droid will be sliced in half. But you promise the droid that you won’t tell on it. So after some more convincing and promising the droid you owe it an oil bath, it finally brings up a holomap of the place, showing you where you want to go with a blinking dot. 
With a pat on the head, you say your thanks and go to where the map said. Soon enough, you find yourself in a wing of the building you’ve not only never been to, but one you didn’t even know existed if it wasn’t for the droid. The design of the walls is even sleeker here, and the sound of your boots echoes through the hallway. The further you walk into this wing, the fewer people and troops you come across. Even the constant rumbling of machinery behind the panels seems to be quieter here. 
After some more minutes of walking, you finally reach the door you’re looking for. There are no signs or name plaques, but you remember the number on the door from the droid’s map. The lettering is almost the same shade of black as the door, so it took you a moment to find the right one. But you’re fairly sure this one should be it. 
Taking one final deep breath, you knock on the door. In the seconds waiting for a response, you suddenly feel silly about being here. He’s a full-grown man. An Inquisitor. Why did you think he’d need you to bring him dinner? What if he didn’t like it anyway–
The door opens with a whoosh, and you look up. For some reason, you were expecting to be met with the red visor of his helmet. Which now that you think about, doesn’t make sense; if he’s in his quarters, he wouldn’t be walking around with his full uniform on.
Instead, you’re met with a pair of intense yellow eyes, and equally fiery red hair on his head. Your breath hitches and you’re not sure if it’s the surprise of seeing his uncovered face or the realisation that he’s incredibly handsome, and it just caught you off-guard.
He gives you a quick once-over, momentarily looking at the box in your hands, then bringing his eyes back to yours, boring into your very soul.
“Why are you here?” he asks in a flat voice.
“I haven't seen you in the mess hall today. Or, any other day, really,” you explain, unable to tear your eyes away from him. “Ever since I've started working here. So I brought some food in case you haven't eaten yet…” Your voice starts trailing off at the end as you once again realise how dumb that sounds out loud.
He holds your gaze a little longer, narrowing his eyes at you as if to scrutinise whether you're being honest or not. While you hope he’ll accept the food in case he actually hasn't eaten yet, that's all you expect to happen. You’re counting on him taking the box and leaving you be, so you can go back to your quarters and continue reading your novel, which you are actually looking forward to.
To your surprise, the Inquisitor takes a step to the side, silently inviting you in. You walk past him, slightly bowing your head as a thanks, and take in his quarters. You're not sure what you were expecting, but it's surprisingly… normal. Bigger than the barracks and other quarters you've seen, including yours, but still normal. There’s a banner with the Imperial emblem hanging on the far wall, a couch on the other side, and a round table with some chairs in the middle, as well as a kitchenette. Everything is neat and clean.
You hear the doors close as you walk to the table and place the box on it, turning back around to Kestis, who’s eyeing you curiously.
“It’s still warm,” you tell him, pointing at the food.
He walks by you to pick up the container, and that’s when you notice he’s still wearing his gloves. It strikes you as odd to be wearing them in the confines of his own room, but to each their own. Kestis walks to the kitchen and pours the food onto a plate and throws away the take-out container, then rummages in a drawer for a fork.  After walking past you to sit at the table, he takes off his gloves and places them neatly next to him on the table.
“Sit,” he orders without looking at you, and takes the first bite. You sit down across from him.
“Have you already eaten?” he asks.
“Yes, Sir,” you give the honorific a try, and he seems to like it. “At the mess hall.”
“I wouldn’t have any food to offer you either way,” he states, and lifts his gaze to look at you. “This visit is… unexpected.”
“I’m sorry for intruding, Sir. I didn’t mean to. I just–”
“You just what?” He shoots you a look akin to a glare.
“I was just worried, I guess,” you say. He scoffs.
“Please don’t act like you care,” he retorts. “If you need or want something, just tell me upfront.”
“What? No, I- I’m not acting,” you reassure him, raising your hands slightly to underline you’re being earnest. “I’m not trying to gain something in exchange. I was genuinely worried about not seeing you in the mess hall.”
His fork stops mid-way from the plate to his mouth, and the intensity in his eyes sends a shiver down your spine.
“Why?” he asks. You squirm slightly in your seat.
“I’m not sure myself, to be honest,” you admit, and you can’t help the defeated slump of your shoulders. “You were the first one who talked to me when I got here out of their own volition and not because of work. After our chat, I was hoping to see you around or something…”
The pause that follows lasts for a couple of seconds only, but it feels eternal. Until finally, Kestis lets out a short sigh and continues eating.
“I usually avoid the mess hall,” he says, his voice much more gentle now. “Too many people. Too much noise.”
“I see,” is all you manage to reply. 
Taking the two last bites of his meal, Kestis sets down the fork. That’s my queue, you think.
“Well, I wouldn’t want to keep imposing,” you say, rising up to your feet, and he does the same. Before turning around, you search his eyes one last time. “That’s really all I wanted to do: to bring you the food. I’ll be going now. Good night, Sir.”
The Inquisitor walks you to the door, and just as you walk past the threshold, his words surprise you.
“Next time you could bring two portions.”
You whip around, but the door whooshes shut with a hiss.
— — —
After that, you two fall into a strange routine where you get dinner to go and bring it to his quarters so you can eat together. The conversations start out as polite small-talk, but soon enough you can broaden your topics, ranging from work to anecdotes and fun facts you picked up here and there. 
While the tone remains polite and all in all pleasant, you do notice that he’s very careful not to touch you. You think it’s because he’s being respectful, but unbeknownst to you, it’s because he wants to get to know you organically, and not pry into the echoes of your belongings. Even if he knows he could, and you’d never even know, and despite his growing curiosity, he feels… compelled to try. For you. Because you bring a refreshing factor into his otherwise stale life, like a gentle melody in the cold vastness of space. 
It’s rare to run into Cal, as he’s recently allowed you (and only you) to call him, in the halls or in the hangar. As fate would have it though, you’re just about to get into a ship with your trooper squad to leave for a job off-planet, while Cal happens to be getting off his own ship at the same time.
You don’t want to disturb him. Even if you want to wave at him from afar really badly, or even call out to him. But you think he’d appreciate it if you keep your relationship, whatever it is, a secret. To your complete surprise however, once he spots you in the ever moving crowd of the busy hangar, he comes to you.
Beelining towards you, he comes to a stop in front of you, sporting his full uniform. And while the group around you stiffens up and some even take a precautionary step back, you feel very at ease in his presence, greeting him like you normally would with a smile. If you’re being completely honest, you feel kinda proud that one of the most feared Inquisitors on base came to you, and that everyone seems so scared of him while you are completely relaxed, though still remaining respectful of course. 
“Welcome back,” you greet Cal with a genuine smile. “I hope your mission wasn’t too eventful?”
“It all went according to plan,” the distorted voice says with a static crackle.
“That’s good to hear,” you reply. 
Cal’s head shifts ever so slightly, the visor looking past your face to something behind your back.
“Is there a problem, trooper?” the Inquisitor asks, standing a little taller as he addresses the soldier who’s shifting his weight from one leg to the other.
“With all due respect, Sir, we’re on a tight schedule-“
The trooper next to him elbows him in the side.
“Is that so,” Cal asks rhetorically, and you can’t really read his tone because of the distortion. Still, you decide to intervene.
“It’s okay, we can still make it on time,” you assure him and shoot the trooper a pointed look while whispering to Cal that he’s new. “But yes, we should probably get going. I’m glad I got to see you, though. Thanks for stopping by to say hi.”
Cal nods and makes room for you to walk past, while the others keep a noticeable distance between the Inquisitor and themselves as they walk around him. When you reach the ramp to the ship, you turn around one last time. You’re not sure what you were expecting, but you’re still surprised to see Cal standing there, hands behind his back, facing your direction. You give a little wave with your hand, then hurry up the ramp and take a seat. As the ship takes off, you’re checking the data on your holopad. You suddenly feel something on your cheek, like the faintest caress of a summer breeze, and you could swear you just heard a voice in your head.
‘Come back safely.’
As the ship activates the hyperdrive, your hand involuntarily comes up to touch your cheek where the skin still prickles from what you can only describe as a ghost’s touch. 
— — —
Ever since then, you notice a shift in the way everyone treats you, even your superiors, but especially the troopers. Some seem to get out of your way completely when you come walking down the hall, while others are especially attentive to your needs, offering to help you whenever you look like you’re lost or are searching for something. That one trooper who had spoken up to Cal, you haven’t seen him around at all. In fact, it isn’t until two weeks after the incident that you decide to ask one of your other squad members where he is, and she tells you that he got reassigned to not only a different squadron, but an entirely different planetary system. You have a hunch about who’s responsible for that, but you're still not quite sure why he would go to such lengths. Had he really felt that disrespected? You should watch your tone with him from now on, lest you also be sent to some backwater planet…
However, Cal still acts as he always has around you. You still eat dinner in his room, like you’ve been doing for a while now. And while it may just be your wishful thinking, it seems like his whole body language has finally started to soften too. When it’s just the two of you, his shoulders are not as tense, his jaw not as tight, his eyes not as harsh. Even the way he talks has changed. Others may not notice, but you’re literally trained for this. His choice of words has shifted to a less strictly professional lingo, allowing himself to articulate more freely, as well as use more face expressions, voice tone changes and hand gestures, compared to how he acted when your dinner routine started. At some point, he even stopped wearing his gloves around you all the time.
On one hand, for the past couple of months, dinner has been the highlight of your day. You get to spend time with someone who actually listens to you, not because of work, not because you have data they need, but because they just like to spend time with you. Or at least you hope he does. 
On the other hand, you’ve been noticing a slight knot in your stomach whenever you stand in front of Cal’s door, waiting for it to open. As well as the prick of heat on your cheeks when he reacts to your jokes (you haven’t seen him properly smile or laugh out loud yet, but you’ll get there). And let’s not forget the involuntary hitch of your breath accompanied by the skip of your heart when you discover him in the same room with you when you weren’t expecting to see him. 
Somewhere deep within you, you know what all of those mean. But you like the relationship that you’ve built with him, no matter how weird it is, too much to listen to your gut right now. So you just push all and any thought of that kind waaay back into the darkest corner of your brain, hoping it’ll pass.
— — —
One day, you’re feeling a little blue, and it doesn’t go unnoticed by Cal. He asks what the problem is, and you tell him you miss something from your home planet. He assures you, whatever it is, he can get it for you. So you write down some things and he orders them. Only two rotations later, the package is at his door. 
He's really curious to open it but decides to wait for you to get there that evening. When you’re finally in his quarters and he shows you the box, you’re super happy and unpack everything: it’s candy, some fruits he’s never seen before, a jar of what looks like herbs, and another jar with a blue spread of sorts. 
You hum, thinking about what to show him first, and decide to go for the jar with the spread. Picking it up, you’re about to start explaining what it is while you open it, but whatever you plan to say gets cut off because of your fruitless effort to screw open the lid. You give it a second try, but it just won’t budge.
With a sheepish look, you wordlessly hand him the glass and when he takes it, there’s a cocky smile on his face that you’ve never seen on him before. You bite your tongue just in time to stop some witty remark, because it would have been a jumble of sounds and no coherent sentence anyway. For in a split second, all those feelings and thoughts you have been repressing come back all at once in one massive wave that crashes over you, drowning everything else around you.
If that small of a change in his face has such a big effect on you, you wonder what else there is. What would a proper smile on him look like? Would he ever properly smile at you? With you? For you? And if it was the other way around, if it was you wearing a cocky grin, looking down at him, how would he—
Oh, oh no. You’re in it bad. So bad. 
The sound of your name snaps you back to reality, where Cal is offering you the now open jar, waiting for you to take it. You blink a couple of times, your eyes moving from his face to the jar, then back to his face. One of his brows rises to give you a questioning look. Heat spreads on your face, ears and neck at the multiple images that appeared in your head. You give him a quick thanks, grab the jar, and turn around to hide from his gaze. Already familiarised with his kitchen, you walk up to the counter to rummage in the drawer for a spoon. Taking a deep breath to try and calm your racing heart, you turn back around. Cal is still standing by the table, following your every movement with his yellow eyes. And for some reason, you feel like all the walls you had managed to pick away at ever so slowly have been pulled up again around him.
You’ve heard stories of Force users being able to read minds, and right now you really hope they’re not true. What if he can sense your thoughts? Is he… disgusted at you? 
Somehow managing to regain your composure and willing away most of the prickling heat on your face, you explain to him what this spread is called in your mother tongue, which translates to something like “sweet of milk”, and how delicious it is.
You’re still by the counter, not really wanting to get into Cal’s space, and you take a spoonful of the jar’s contents and put it into your mouth.
“Hm, it’s so good,” you say, offering him the spoon to give it a try himself.
He suddenly seems to revert to his normal self and approaches you, grabbing a new spoon from the drawer. Ah, you should have known, he doesn’t like sharing cutlery. Or cups. Or… anything, really. Odd, but you’ve always just attributed it to him being scared of germs or the like, which is very valid. It’s probably the same reason why he’s wearing gloves all the time, especially outside. 
As he twists the spoon in his mouth, you see Cal’s face light up for the first time; he likes it. You’re relieved.   
“So glad you like it! Alright then, let’s make some pancakes. You’re going to love them,” you exclaim. 
Seeing the rest of the imported goods on the table, you tell him to try some candy while you work. You take off your bracelet, leaving it next to the box, and roll up your sleeves to get to work.
While the pancakes are cooking, you watch Cal’s reaction to the sweets. He first inspects it closely in his fingers; it’s shaped like a short stick with stripes in different shades of pink. You tell him the wrappers have trivia facts about animals, but they’re written in your native language. So while he chews on the soft candy, he walks over to you, holding out the wrapper for you to read.
“What does it say?” he asks, and you can’t help feel extremely endeared. Your eyes fall to the paper in his hands.
“It’s about banthas. It says that both females and males have a pair of spiralling horns, and they grow a knob a year. So you can tell the age of banthas by how curly their horns are,” you read out loud. “Huh, I didn’t know that.”
“Interesting,” Cal remarks with a short nod of his head. He chews some more on the candy while inspecting the drawing of the bantha on the wrapper. He seems to like them a lot. In fact, he goes back to the table and takes a second one. He asks you what they’re called again, saying he will probably order some more for himself. 
Flipping yet another pancake, you tell him their name and smile to yourself, glad you managed to introduce something nice and colourful into his life. Not that being an Inquisitor wasn’t fun… was it? Truthfully, you have no idea how they feel about what they do out there. You’ve tried getting something out of Cal, but whenever the topic of his work comes up, he shuts you out. You also try not to listen too closely to the gory details of their work that are talked about in quick whispers in the hallways. Either way, you like to think that you broke whatever monotony there could be for Cal, even if only a little bit. Maybe he even looks forward to your moments together, as you do.
The Inquisitor asks what the other jar with the herbs is. You explain that it’s actually leaves for an infusion, and ask if he could put the kettle on.
Suddenly this whole moment feels strangely domestic, and you reprimand your heart for yet another beat it just skipped. It’s just a normal hangout between… colleagues. Making pancakes and having tea. Absolutely normal, strictly professional behaviour, yes. 
You flip the last pancake and watch as Cal stands up to get back to the kitchen, but when he puts the jar with the tea leaves back on the table without really looking, his bare hand grazes your bracelet. With a sharp breath through his teeth, he suddenly tenses up, and his gaze is fixed on some spot behind you, without really focusing on anything. You’re not sure what’s happening, but he’s completely frozen up, and you start panicking.
After turning off the heat on the stove, you hurry to stand in front of the Inquisitor, unsure what to do. You call his name repeatedly, but he doesn’t react. Your hand comes up to the side of his arm but you hesitate, stopping just before touching him. Looking up at him, you try calling his name again; still no reaction. So you don’t really have a choice. You place your hand on his upper arm and give him a gentle shake.
“Cal,” you call yet again. “Cal, what’s wrong?”
He takes a big gulp of air, as if he had forgotten to breathe all this time. After blinking a couple of times, it seems he’s back with you, and his eyes dart back to yours, boring into your skull with an intensity that takes you off guard. You’re quick to remove your hand from him and instinctively take a step back to give him some space.
“A-Are you okay?” you ask. “You just spaced out really hard for a moment.”
“Yeah I’m- I’m fine,” he replies, and it’s the first time you’ve ever heard him stutter. “It was… something occurred to me that really took me by surprise, is all.”
“… Right,” you stretch out the word, waiting for him to explain what he meant further, but he reverts completely back to normal in an instant. 
“You asked me to put the kettle on, right?” he asks and is already on his way to the kitchen. 
“Uhm, yeah,” you follow him with your gaze, confused, then remember an important detail, so you join him in the kitchen. “Oh, but don’t let it boil. That will ruin the leaves. Just gotta heat up the water.”
“Got it.”
— — —
After some more preparations, you’re both sat at the table, and you show him how to eat the pancakes. They’re not like the thick, small pancakes he knows. These ones are larger in diameter and very thin. You demonstrate how to evenly apply the blue spread, stack the cubes of fruit you prepped, then roll up the pancakes like a tube and pick it up in your hands.
“Ta-da,” you exclaim. “And now, enjoy.”
Taking a big bite, you squeal at how good it tastes. It’s been ages since you’ve had this! 
Cal imitates what you did earlier, putting together his own pancake tube, and takes a bite as well. Even he can’t help the low moan that escapes through his nose at this fantastic combination. You giggle at the sight, enjoying it immensely that you get to see all these sides to him that probably no one else has seen. Once more, your brain is invaded by the thought of what else there might be to Inquisitor Cal Kestis. If he allowed you to lower wall after wall, layer after layer… what would you discover? 
You shake your head to rid yourself of the images starting to form. Nope, can’t go there. 
Instead, you decide to show him how the tea is brewed. You grab a small cup and pour some tea leaves in there, which are chopped much more finely than other loose tea Cal has seen. Then you place the special straw that came in the box in the cup. Cal has never seen something like it; it’s essentially a metal tube that is flat at the top and ends in a bulbous shape at the bottom full of little holes.
“So, let me get this straight,” he starts once he understands the mechanics behind your concoction. “Instead of putting the contained leaves in water and then removing them to drink the tea, you just put loose leaves in the water and filter it through the straw to drink the tea?”
“Essentially, yes!”
“That’s so many extra steps…”, Cal sighs, bringing his hand up to hold his temple.
“It’s literally the same,” you laugh. “Just in a different order.”
Pouring hot water into the cup, careful not to overspill it, you offer the cup to him.
“The things you make me do…” he says under his breath, taking the cup and giving it a tentative sniff. 
“Oh please,” you say teasingly, and a grin spreads on your face as you prop up your chin on your elbows. “As if you’re not having the time of your life today. I saw how many candies you ate earlier.”
Cal’s eyes dart down to your lips and back up so quickly that you miss it. With a defeated sigh, he gives the tea a try, grimacing at the bitter taste. You chuckle.
“It certainly is an acquired taste, but give it a chance. It gets better with time, trust me.” Kinda like you, you think.
He looks at the cup and back at you, kinda lost on what to do now.
“You’re supposed to suck on the straw until there’s no more water left, then you pass it back and I pour another one,” you explain.
“So many extra steps,” he repeats with a playful shake of his head, but he does as you said, if only to humour you. Once the straw makes the typical noise of there not being any more liquid at the bottom of a cup, he passes it back to you. With a smile, you pour more water into it, and have a drink yourself. He seems a bit shocked about that.
“Oh yeah, this is a drink passed around in a group, and everyone drinks from the same straw…,” you explain. Not to sound like a 12-year-old, a voice in your head says, but that just was an indirect kiss with an Inquisitor. You clear your throat. “Sorry, I guess I should have asked for a second straw so we could both use one each. I was going to offer another round of tea to you after I’m done with this one, as it usually goes, but if it makes you uncomfortable…”
Cal straightens up in his seat in surprise at your words.
“Why would it make me uncomfortable?”
“You don’t like sharing cutlery and stuff like that, right?” you ask, now confused as well, thinking back to when he clearly grabbed another spoon to try the spread. 
“Oh, uhm, that’s… never mind.”
He fidgets with his fingers for a second, but when he notices you watching him, he hides his hands under the table. You merely hum in response, taking another sip. Is he… nervous? The mood seems to have shifted again and now you’re completely lost as to what’s going on. All those years of training and studying, yet this man before you remains a mystery.
The rest of the evening is spent eating pancakes and drinking tea, holding a pleasant conversation, albeit a superficial one. At times, it feels like his eyes are completely fixed on you, but within seconds, it’s like he can’t even look at you. 
Concluding you’ve overstayed your welcome, you offer to quickly wash up, then be on your way. He merely nods and helps to bring all the dishes to the counter, then goes back to the table. You assume it’s to get another candy from the box. But you don’t mind; you offered to wash up after all. 
Silence envelops the whole room, the only sound being the water coming from the tap. As you’re putting the last of the dishes on the little drying rack, you sigh. Maybe this whole thing was a bad idea after all. Full of questions and doubts, you dry your hands on the towel, fully set on ending the evening by thanking him for getting the things in the first place, saying you had a good time and keeping your goodbyes short. You aren’t even sure if you’ll manage to appear here with a straight face for dinner tomorrow after everything that happened today, the problem being mainly the things playing out in your own head.
Being so deep in thought, you don’t notice the presence behind you, so when you turn around, you’re almost nose to nose with Cal. You can’t help the surprised little “ah, kriff!” that escapes you at his sudden appearance. With the counter behind you though, there’s nowhere for you to back away to, and Cal isn’t budging from where he stands. 
“Don’t forget this,” he says in a low voice and holds up your bracelet, which you had left on the table earlier. He’s so close that you can feel his soft breaths on your face.
“R-right, thanks.”
Looking anywhere but at the Inquisitor, you take the piece of jewellery and put it on your wrist. It takes you a couple of tries though, because your fingers are trembling. In fear, anticipation or something else, you don’t really know. You fumble for a moment until you finally manage to secure the clasp. Cal however, is still standing right in front of you, his hands now coming up to rest on the counter on either side of you. You don’t dare to breathe.
“Uhm, what’s going on?” you ask in an impossibly small voice. 
“I think you know.” 
It takes every last drop of courage in your body, but you scrape it all together and put it into lifting your eyes to look at Cal. And when your gaze meets his, the breath is knocked out of your lungs entirely. He’s looking down at you so intensely, so hungry, you can’t even begin to describe what you’re feeling. Your brain is long gone, you realise, so now you’re entirely at the mercy of what Cal does and whatever physical reaction that gets out from you. And it seems he’s very much aware of this, enjoying the state you find yourself in, if that tiny side smile is anything to go by as he leans in next to your head. You go completely stiff. 
“If you want me to back off, tell me now,” he says directly into your ear.
You take a shaky breath, and the last of the voices in your head all but screaming at you to get out of there is abruptly shut up. Anything and everything in your mind and body is Cal Kestis right now, and for a split second, you wonder if he’s using some Force mind trick on you or if this is all you. That thought dissipates instantaneously though when you feel Cal’s breath tickle your ear, still waiting for your response. You merely shake your head, and it’s so subtle he probably wouldn’t have caught it if he didn’t have his face right next to yours. 
With his cheek now against yours, you can feel him smile. Properly smile. 
“Good,” is all he says, and before you know it, his lips are on yours. 
His arms snake around your waist, pressing your body into his, and he devours you with such ferocity that you need a moment to regain control in your limbs. Once you do, your hands are all over him. One fists the shirt at his back, the other goes into the hair at the nape of his neck and you give it a gentle, tentative pull. The groan that leaves his lips is intoxicating, and you know right then and there that there’s no going back from this. Not tonight, not ever. This is all it took for you to know you’re officially addicted to Cal Kestis. 
He tilts his head to deepen the kiss further, his tongue pressing against your own and pushing both your hips into the counter behind you. You can’t help the low moan that escapes you. Any other day you would have felt embarrassed, but today you don’t care. You’re making out with a kriffin’ Inquisitor and it’s great. As if he could hear your thoughts, Cal gives your bottom lip a nip, starting to leave a trail of bites and licks along your jaw, while his hands slide to the backside of your thighs. Before you can process what he’s doing, you're being lifted onto the free counter space like you weigh nothing, with Cal standing between your legs. One of his hands slowly moves further up your thigh, and your whole body feels like it’s on fire. 
Suddenly, something occurs to you, and with a breathless “wait” you tilt your head to the side to take a breather and try to regain any rational thought you may have left. You’re both panting heavily, and while he looks openly annoyed at your interruption, he places one last kiss on the corner of your mouth, then backs away a bit to let you take a break. 
“What,” he finally says, and it’s less of a question and more of an impatient bark, as you still haven’t said anything.
Your brain is going at a thousand miles an hour, there’s too much input from everywhere, but you still manage to find the words somehow.
“I just- This is- Not that I’m not enjoying this immensely, but… why? All of a sudden?” you ask, finally feeling like you’ve caught your breath again.  
Cal huffs with a slight roll of his eyes, running a hand through his hair, and while you probably should be a little bit offended at his gesture, you’re suddenly way too focused on what you have the chance of witnessing: the way his hair messily falls into his face once he drops his hand. The clear blush adorning his freckled and scarred cheeks, nose and even the tips of his ears. The puffy lips, mouth still parted. The backlighting coming from the main room behind him almost gives him an ethereal glow, making the golden hue in his eyes stand out even more. You commit the image to memory. 
“The bracelet, when I touched it earlier,” he starts explaining, but when he sees you just as dishevelled as him, he decides he can’t be bothered right now. “It’s called psychometry, I’ll explain it to you later.”
With an impatient grunt, he just picks you up and you instinctively wrap your legs around his waist. 
“Right now there are more pressing matters,” he mumbles into your shoulder.
You realise you’re being carried towards the door that’s always been closed every time you come over. When you both approach, they slide open with a hiss and you’re met with his bedroom, as you’ve always speculated that’s what lies behind it. 
Letting you fall backwards onto his large bed rather unceremoniously, he starts climbing on top of you, but before putting any weight on you, he stops and looks down at you with a serious face. 
“Last chance to back out,” he offers.
You can’t help at chuckle, and grin up at him. 
“As if.”
Your hands shoot up to hold him by the collar. You have no idea where the confidence even comes from at this point.
“I want you, Cal,” you say breathlessly, and that’s all it takes for him to be on top of and all over you again. Let’s just say pancakes and tea aren't the only treats you’ll be getting today.
— — —
A/N 2: inq!cal has a sweet tooth, honk if you agree
A/N 3: where my palitos de la selva gang at B)
~~~~~
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257 notes · View notes
fandomtrumpshate · 1 year
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FTH 2023 specialist expertise offerings
Does your Blorbo have a special skill, like engineering or IT work, that you don't know much about? Are they an expert in linguistics, English poetry, or underwater dolphin skiing? Well, we can't help with that last one, but our participants offering their specialist expertise assistance can help you realistically portray and understand all those other topics, and more!
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lingthusiasm · 7 months
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Transcript Episode 84: Look, it's deixis, an episode about pointing!
This is a transcript for Lingthusiasm episode ‘Look, it's deixis, an episode about pointing!’. It’s been lightly edited for readability. Listen to the episode here or wherever you get your podcasts. Links to studies mentioned and further reading can be found on the episode show notes page.
[Music]
Gretchen: Welcome to Lingthusiasm, a podcast that’s enthusiastic about linguistics! I’m Gretchen McCulloch.
Lauren: I’m Lauren Gawne. Today, we’re getting enthusiastic about pointing. But first, this episode is brought to you by all of the fantastic people who have supported the podcast by becoming patrons or buying merch over the years. We don’t work with a big production company or anything; it’s just us. We’re really able to just keep doing the show because of your support both in recommending the show to other people and when you’re able to help us financially.
Gretchen: I was pretty worried when we were first trying to figure out how to keep Lingthusiasm sustainable. Like, were we gonna have to run ads for some sketchy, learn-a-language-overnight type service?
Lauren: We get some interesting pitches.
Gretchen: Oh, we sure do. I mean, I don’t think the language learning platforms are all bad. I just wouldn’t feel comfortable endorsing one without trying it out for hundreds of hours, at which point, that’s not really very cost effective. It’s easier to just say no. So if you like that Lingthusiasm exists, and you wanna help us continue to exist for many years in the future, we’d really appreciate your support – especially on Patreon.
Lauren: Our most recent bonus episode for patrons was an interview with Martha Tsutsui-Billins – a name you might recognise from the credits of this show. We chatted about her work on politeness in Amami, fieldwork in Japan, and her podcast, Field Notes.
Gretchen: To listen to this bonus episode, many other bonuses, and to help keep the show running ad-free, go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm.
[Music]
Lauren: “Hey, look! This is a podcast.”
Gretchen: “Yes, THIS episode, right here, now.” Lauren, no one can see that you’re pointing right now.
Lauren: Hm, yeah, it’s a pity because this is one of my favourite types of episodes where we’re gonna talk about gesture in an audio-only format.
Gretchen: You know, you really picked a very interesting combination of being a gesture specialist in so far as your research goes and also having a podcast which is audio-only.
Lauren: That’s okay because one of my favourite things to do is explain gestures that we do all the time in a whole lot of detail because it makes you realise how impressive they are. Pointing is one of my favourites of these.
Gretchen: So, O Pointing Expert, tell us about pointing.
Lauren: Pointing is a very human activity where we use a part of our body, and we project out from our body this invisible line towards something. Another human is able to look at that point, and look at that invisible line, and figure out what our invisible line is pointing at and figure out that we’re looking at the same thing. We do this without thinking about it all the time.
Gretchen: We humans do this invisible string, invisible line thing that can be following a finger or the whole hand, or an eye gaze, or several things like that. Do animals do this?
Lauren: It depends on what animals we’re talking about. Apes, our nearest relations, they gesture, but they don’t point, and they don’t seem to get the idea of pointing.
Gretchen: If you try to point to something, a gorilla or a chimpanzee or a bonobo or something is gonna be like, “I don’t know. I’m just gonna look at your finger,” or whatever.
Lauren: Yeah. There’s hundreds of hours of chimpanzee gesture studies and gorilla gesture studies, and they don’t point. It’s not part of their communicative collection of skills. But dogs are really good at following human points.
Gretchen: Dogs don’t necessarily point themselves.
Lauren: They don’t necessarily point themselves.
Gretchen: But if you point to something, they can follow that. I feel like I’ve seen humans try to point at a treat or something that’s on the ground for a dog, and the dog is just sitting there looking at your finger being like, “I don’t know what you want from me.” Finally, you tap your foot by the treat, and the dog’s like, “Oh, this, okay.” But you’re saying that maybe I should’ve just trained this dog better.
Lauren: Let me clarify. Some dogs seem to do it with very little training. Some dogs seem to take more training but can follow a point – compared to wolves which are not domesticated and don’t engage with pointing. There is a research paper that says that cats don’t engage with pointing either.
Gretchen: Do cats just not engage with pointing, or do they not want to engage with pointing that they understand perfectly well?
Lauren: The paper doesn’t make clear –
Gretchen: [Laughs] We don’t know. They’re cats.
Lauren: We can’t know what happens in the minds of cats. I have had students, when I’ve talked about non-humans and pointing, say that their cat can follow pointing. This is perhaps an under-researched area, and there may be cats that have this skill. Maybe all cats have this skill and have just decided to withhold it from us. But beyond humans, pointing is not necessarily a skill that other animals have.
Gretchen: That is kind of fascinating because I think of it as pretty basic. A lot of babies can point before they can talk.
Lauren: Mm-hm. Pointing is normally a pathway to other forms of language and communication.
Gretchen: You can train animals to respond to particular words, but it’s harder to train them to respond to points.
Lauren: It’s because of that magic invisible line between – they just look at your finger. In fact, it’s weird that we don’t immediately just look at the end of someone’s finger and instead we look at some invisible line shooting off.
Gretchen: You can’t see me right now, but I have my hand up, and I’m pointing an invisible finger, and there it is. You said, “invisible finger.” Sometimes, pointing happens with the index finger. Sometimes, it happens with the middle finger, with the whole hand. I guess you could point with your elbow if your hands were occupied. Or maybe you could point with your thumb if you’re pointing back in that direction. Is there research on pointing with various parts of the body?
Lauren: Absolutely. We talk about pointing with the finger and particularly the index finger as the most common. When we were pointing – that you couldn’t see at the top of the episode – that might have been the kind of pointing you were thinking of, but it’s by no means the only way that pointing happens. There are different ways of pointing that are easier in communication. You mentioned if your hands are full, you might point with your elbow or your foot or a little chin flick. When we’re pointing at something that’s not a specific thing but maybe like a group of trees or somewhere far away, we might use an open hand rather than the more narrow line of a specific finger.
Gretchen: That’s true. If you’re trying to create an invisible web or an invisible waft of string – I dunno how the metaphor goes – trying to paint with a broad, invisible brush.
Lauren: If we’re pointing to someone or something behind us, it’s often easier to just do a little flick of the thumb backwards. It’s just the shape of the hand makes that easier to do. We don’t think of that as strange.
Gretchen: I’m currently pointing behind me with my index finger. It is very awkward. I hope everyone who’s listening is also trying out these points.
Lauren: There’s this really wonderful corpus study from Kensy Cooperrider – who a lot of this work comes from because he did his entire PhD thesis on pointing – where if you’re pointing towards yourself as a physical thing, you will use your index finger, but if you’re talking about yourself as an identity, as a human, embodied, living creature with a mind, the mental you, you’re more likely to do it with an open hand.
Gretchen: Interesting. I was feeling myself doing that as you were saying it.
Lauren: Sometimes, the variation is what’s easiest for your hands to do, and sometimes, it does convey something slightly different. Like, I’m pointing at one thing or many things in the distance.
Gretchen: That makes sense.
Lauren: Sometimes, the difference is depending on the culture that you’re in and the cultural practices you have. Middle finger pointing – a lot of kids will point with their middle finger just because they’re figuring out manual dexterity. It’s hard to wiggle your fingers around, and it is very funny, but it is also a common way of pointing in some cultures. There’s some really nice work from Central Australia that people will default use their middle finger rather than their index finger.
Gretchen: So, these would be cultures where the middle finger doesn’t have this taboo, obscene meaning that it has for me and a lot of English speakers.
Lauren: Indeed.
Gretchen: Because that’s certainly something that overrides the pointing meaning. I have seen some English speakers point with their middle finger, and I’m always giggling, but, yeah, people do do it sometimes.
Lauren: Once you notice it, you realise it is more common. We have this idea of default ways of pointing, and things are actually a lot more varied. Also, eye pointing. Again, Kensy Cooperrider has this really nice paper on Yupno from Papua New Guinea where people will do this really prominent gaze and pop of their eyes towards something as a way of pointing. Lip pointing is a thing that we see whether it’s the lower lip or both lips purse outwards. In Southeast Asia we see this, across Africa. There’s a really cute scene in Encanto, which is set in Columbia, where Mirabel points with her lips towards a gift she wants to give her little cousin. It’s this really sweet moment and a really nice culturally appropriate use of pointing.
Gretchen: That’s great. I think I could do eye pointing especially if I was in a public space and trying to gesture to “Oh, this person has a really cool hat on” or something, and I didn’t wanna put out my full hand and be like, “Oh my god, check out that person’s hat!” I’m gonna be like, “Look, look behind you. There’s a person with a cool hat.” But I don’t think I have lip pointing for myself.
Lauren: Yeah. Because we get this cultural variation. That’s really interesting to see across the world. We also have variation in what it is not appropriate to point at or how it’s not appropriate to point. There’s this amazing study that Robert Blust did over the years of collecting examples of cultures where it’s rude to point at rainbows. He collected 124 different examples of cultures where it is taboo to point at a rainbow.
Gretchen: It’s bad luck or something to be like, “Oh my god, look, a rainbow,” pointing at it?
Lauren: Exactly. These cultures are so spread out around the world that it’s not likely to be something that was a recent cultural story that they all share. It’s from all corners of the world.
Gretchen: It may be really ancient or something. That’s fascinating. I definitely don’t have any taboos about pointing to rainbows. I probably always point at a rainbow when I see it because I’m like, “Oh, great, a rainbow, look!”
Lauren: I feel more compelled to point because it’s so exciting to see one. You may have a taboo around pointing at people.
Gretchen: Hmm, I mean, I guess, in some contexts.
Lauren: Given that you were just doing a low-key eye point at someone’s cool hat. You probably wouldn’t do a big index finger point at someone in public and be like, “Cool hat!”
Gretchen: I feel like that’s especially if there’s a kid, and they’re commenting on some aspect of the body. They’d be like, “Oh my god, Mommy, look at that lady’s blue hair!” And you’re like, “Oh, I’m so sorry. My kid should not be commenting on you.”
Lauren: I can just hear the parent voice that’s like, “Don’t point. It’s rude to point.” This is clearly a taboo I have been taught.
Gretchen: I don’t know that I’ve been taught so much it’s rude to point as I’ve been taught it’s rude to comment on strangers’ appearances in public in a way that they can hear you, but I think it comes down to a similar type of thing.
Lauren: Yeah. Because an index finger point, in particular, is really prominent and visible and very obvious what’s happening, and so you can see how that fits in with that taboo. It says a lot about the name “index finger” as a term for that finger that we have between our thumb and our middle finger.
Gretchen: So, that “-dex” in “index” is from a Greek word meaning “pointing” or “showing.”
Lauren: Which is why an index in the back of a book points back to other bits of the book that you might wanna read on that topic or an economic index points to something that’s happening in the economy.
Gretchen: You sometimes get, especially in older texts, this drawn pointing index finger in the side of the book which can point to particular passages and say, “Oh, this is particularly important” or “This is interesting.” People would draw them in by hand or they could be somewhere to index particular things. It’s also related to a word that’s used for various types of pointing things – both gestural pointing and grammatical pointing – in linguistics.
Lauren: We’ve called them “pointing gestures” so far, but the more technical term for them is “deictic gestures.”
Gretchen: “Deixis” is one of those words that, at the same time, it’s so useful, and it’s so cool, and it’s so hard to say, and it’s so hard to spell.
Lauren: I have genuinely double-checked the spelling several times even just in the preparation of this show because you have “deixis,” which is D-E-I-X-I-S, and then “deictic,” which is related, is D-E-I-C-T-I-C.
Gretchen: So, you could say “a deictic word” or a “deictic gesture.” That’s just the adjective form. That one’s got a C instead of an X. I hear people say /daɪɪksis/ /dɛɪksis/ /daɪksis/. There’s all these different ways of saying it. It’s not spelled like the “-dex” in “index.” There’s an extra I in there. It’s so useful, and there’re so many things that are deictic, and I wanna talk about it all the time, and yet, it’s this word that feels very complicated. Hopefully, by saying it a lot in this episode, we can point a path toward it being more useable in the future, maybe.
Lauren: Excellent. We do tend to use “pointing” and “deixis” interchangeably, but I guess “deixis” is the academic term for pointing.
Gretchen: Right. It’s useful to have an academic term because there are a lot of grammatical things that are deictic that we don’t necessarily think of as being literal pointing. One example is that pronouns are all deictic. When I say “I,” I’m referring to “Gretchen.” I’m pointing to the “I” that is me that is Gretchen.
Lauren: That’s really interesting because when I use “I,” I use it to point to “Lauren.”
Gretchen: Right. Same thing when I say “you” – well, in this context, I’m referring to “you,” Lauren, but in fact, I do talk to other people also at other times, and sometimes “you” refers to other people, also.
Lauren: Interesting. Because I use “you” to refer to everyone who’s listening to this episode.
Gretchen: Well, I can also use “you” for that. [Laughs] And same thing if I’m saying, “Lauren, my co-host, she’s done this,” or like, “We, the co-hosts of Lingthusiasm,” all pronouns refer to things and people that are dependent on context. They’re all pointing to someone or something that’s in a particular space.
Lauren: We have a whole episode on pronouns because unpacking what’s happening with these little words that are pointing to different people and different things at any given time, there’s a lot happening there that’s really interesting.
Gretchen: Sign languages also use a specific version of pointing when it comes to pronouns, right?
Lauren: Yeah, they make use of the fact that they are visual languages, and they make use of this human tendency to point. A lot of sign languages you’ll see their pronoun system, the “I” and the “you” and the “we,” is done through a kind of pointing. For example, Auslan and BSL, as the sign languages I know best, will use an index finger point. But even though it looks like an English pointing gesture that you’ll commonly use as an English speaker, there are differences. There’s this really nice study that a group of sign language researchers led by Jordan Fenlon and a bunch of gesture researchers – again, Kensy Cooperrider’s name comes up – worked together to look at signed and spoken uses of pointing. You see these really consistent differences as well as these similarities. So, even though you see a lot of index pointing in both, for a signed language, the index finger tends to get used a lot more consistently. We talked before about how, as an English speaker, you might use a thumb to point behind you or an open hand. In a signed language, because it’s a pronoun and it’s part of the grammar, the form is much more consistent in how it’s used, but it’s also a little bit reduced. The index finger isn’t always as extended. It’s not held for as long. It’s much more reduced because it is a part of the grammar that people are using all the time. It’s this really nice thing that shows pointing and signed pronouns use the same resource but in slightly different ways.
Gretchen: My favourite thing about pointing and signed pronouns is from a study in American Sign Language which studied these two d/Deaf children of d/Deaf parents. The study’s from Laura Petitto. The kids are pointing to persons, objects, locations, all over the place, but then they go through this process where they’re requiring specifically the pronominal points where you’re pointing to yourself to mean “me,” or you’re pointing to someone else to mean “you.” The kids, like how kids who are acquiring English and lots of other languages, sometimes acquire pronouns backwards.
Lauren: Yes.
Gretchen: Sometimes, you’ll get a kid who’s like, “You’re tired,” and the kid’ll be like, “Yes, you’re tired,” and they actually mean that “Me, I’m tired.” They’re tired.
Lauren: They haven’t figured out that “I” means “Lauren” for me and “Gretchen” for you. They just think “you” is the reference for them.
Gretchen: Right. It makes a lot of sense because they don’t have that context to – no one is actually saying, “Okay, the thing you need to say is ‘I’m tired’.” You just have to infer the –
Lauren: They haven’t figured out the pointing element of the pronouns.
Gretchen: The cool thing about this ASL study is that the kids do this same “you” pointing reversal. They’re making the pointing “you” to refer to themselves.
Lauren: That is super nifty.
Gretchen: Isn’t that cute?
Lauren: I love that the research you cite also reinforces that pointing in signed languages is much more grammatical and like pronouns, but it is heaps cuter than the example that I had.
Gretchen: It’s very cute, but exactly, it reinforces how it’s really grammaticalised because they’re aware that when they’re pointing to the dog or the cake or something that they’re pointing to that object, but they interpret the “you” point as grammaticalised to refer to themselves even though it’s literally not pointing to themselves.
Lauren: Huh, excellent. I’m so delighted there’s a parallel.
Gretchen: It’s the same ages as when hearing kids get this correct – around 25-27 months.
Lauren: Because, again, this deictic function that feels really simple, and we think of pronouns as a really basic thing that you acquire early in any language that you learn, is actually something that is, in terms of thinking and cognition, really, really hard.
Gretchen: Right, exactly. Another really common type of deictic is words like “this” and “that” and “here” and “there.” If I say something like, “Put that over there.”
Lauren: Uh, put what over where?
Gretchen: Exactly. Because these are contextual, you can’t see what I’m pointing at. You can’t see that I want you to pass me the cake.
Lauren: Also, I’m not putting down this cup of tea quite yet.
Gretchen: But I want this! And this highlights pronouns are basically inherently deictic, but there’re lots of other categories of words that can be used deicticly or not. If we have an example like, “I love this city.”
Lauren: I’m gonna assume you mean the city that you are currently in, which is actually not the same city that I’m in.
Gretchen: Exactly. This requires knowledge of my current location. If I say, “I went to this city one time, and I saw this amazing cat” or something, that’s probably referring to a specific city, but it’s not identifying it anywhere there. It’s more like, “I went to a city,” which doesn’t identify it contextually.
Lauren: In fact, I assume it’s not the city you’re currently in.
Gretchen: In fact, it’s true. If I’m telling an anecdote that way, “I went to this city one time,” doesn’t mean I went to THIS city one time.
Lauren: It would be very weird.
Gretchen: English has basically two levels of closeness. We have “this” and “here,” which is something that’s close to the speaker, and we have “that” and “there,” which is further from the speaker. But we used to have “yon” and “yonder.”
Lauren: Indeed, we did.
Gretchen: “Peasant, fetch me yon book, and carry it yonder!” I feel like it’s sort of olde-y time-y.
Lauren: It definitely does sound olde-y time-y, and it means something that’s not as close as “here” and not as far as “there.”
Gretchen: No, it’s further. It means like, “over there.”
Lauren: Oh, okay. It’s so old I don’t even have a sense of what it means.
Gretchen: Right. “Yon” and “yonder” is like, “over there,” which we still have, it just takes two words. But there’re some languages like Spanish has “esta” or “esto,” which is close by, “esa,” which is a medium distance – sometimes the middle one is also used for stuff that’s near the hearer or near the recipient – and “aquel, aquella,” which is like, “over there,” sometimes also used for something that’s neither close to the speaker nor the hearer.
Lauren: Huh, useful. I love having more distinctions than “here” and “there.” I love it when I learn a language that has that.
Gretchen: There’s lots of these languages. Serbo-Croation has it – Korean, Japanese – Thai has it. Turkish has this three-way distinction.
Lauren: People from all kinds of language families realising you need more than a “here” and a “there.”
Gretchen: Right. And then there’re a few languages that have even more fancy systems.
Lauren: Ooo, excellent.
Gretchen: Sinhala, which is an Indic language spoken in Sri Lanka, it has a four-way system – near the speaker, near the addressee, close to a third person (visible), and then far from everybody (not visible). I dunno what you do with a complicated situation where you have something that’s far from everybody, but it’s still visible, or visible but close to – you know.
Lauren: I’m sure someone has a very good experiment you could use to tease out those distinctions.
Gretchen: But there is a four-way distinction that gets further and further away. Then Malagasy, which is an Austronesian language spoken in Madagascar, has a seven degree of distance system.
Lauren: Ooo, how satisfying.
Gretchen: Plus, two degrees of visibility.
Lauren: So good. Do you think it has anything to do with the fact that Malagasy is right near Africa, but it’s actually an Austronesian language, most of which is spoken in Asia? Do you think that they just needed all those distances to account for how far –
Gretchen: To refer to their distant cousins over in the Philippines and Indonesia and places like that?
Lauren: Yeah. [Laughs] I do not think this hypothesis is gonna hold up.
Gretchen: I don’t think so. But you know, they did have a very sophisticated navigational system by the stars. I don’t think this is also a reason why.
Lauren: I think Austronesian languages do have a good tendency towards nice systems of distance like this.
Gretchen: There are tons of Austronesian languages, and it seems like a lot of them have relatively interesting deixis systems which have lots of different levels. That’s neat.
Lauren: Excellent. Spatial systems are really handy because they show us something important about deixis, and it’s where the pointing is happening from. For something like Sinhala, the fact that you have something that is the speaker versus something near the addressee or near to a third person, it means that the centre of where the deixis is happening from is different in all of those contexts.
Gretchen: This shows up a lot when we’re talking about prepositions and how they’re deictic. A lot of prepositions like “near” and “far” – so if I say, “Oh, yeah, I’m going to go get some bubble tea. It’s right nearby,” you’re like, “Gretchen, that’s not near me at all. I live on the other side of the world from you.”
Lauren: That’s because we’re treating you as the deictic centre, and Canada is a long way from Australia. The deictic centre shifts depending on who is speaking because that’s how pointing works.
Gretchen: And if we’re saying something like “across,” like if I say, “The library is across the street,” by default that means it’s across the street from me. But I could also shift, if I’m talking about maybe we’re gonna make plans later, and I say, “Well, it’s great because the library is just across the street from the restaurant,” and then we’re shifting the deictic centre to the restaurant even if I’m currently on the same side of the library or something like that.
Lauren: Again, once you begin to pull apart what’s happening with deixis, you realise just how much brain space is going to making sure that you understand what’s being pointed to, what the deictic centre is.
Gretchen: Yeah. What’s being pointed to and from where, which is the deictic centre. Or if you say something like, “The dog is in front of the house,” now you’re taking the perspective of the house. Houses seem to have an intrinsic front to them, or at least we feel like a house has a front to it. So, the house is the deictic centre. But if I say, “The dog’s in front of the tree,” and trees don’t really have an intrinsic front, now I’m probably referring to my position in terms of someone who’s looking at the dog.
Lauren: The problem is that trees don’t have front doors, and that is a problem with trees. [Laughter]
Gretchen: Okay. There are some verbs that are deictic – just to keep going down our list of parts of speech.
Lauren: Okay, yeah. Lots of different parts of speech can be deictic. What are some deictic verbs?
Gretchen: The biggest ones are “go” and “come.” If I say, “I’m going to Australia,” that’s my deictic centre in Canada where I’m like, “This is a thing that I am heading away from my perspective.” But I could also say, “I’m coming to visit you in Australia,” and then I’m taking on your perspective and saying, “Oh, from your perspective it would be ‘coming,’ and therefore, I can say it in that way.”
Lauren: That’s true.
Gretchen: Similarly, with “I’m coming home now,” I’m projecting my deictic centre onto whoever I’m talking to.
Lauren: Oh, “home” is a good one because “home” varies depending on who is talking and also the size of what is “home.” If I was meeting someone at a bubble tea place, saying, “I’m going home now” would mean to my specific residential address. But if I had come to Canada and was going home, “home” would be Melbourne or the whole of Australia.
Gretchen: Right. When you’re travelling, sometimes your friend’s house that you’re staying with or your hotel room or something, you’re like, “Oh, I’m gonna go home for a nap,” and that can just mean wherever you’re sleeping that night.
Lauren: You’re going all the way back to Canada just for a nap, and then coming back to Australia in the morning? Wow. That is dedication. Yeah, that is true. “Home” is really quite portable sometimes.
Gretchen: I also really like when you hear people’s voicemail. I don’t know how often people are leaving voicemail messages anymore, but on their voicemail, they’ll often say something like, “I’m not here. Please leave a message.” But sort of by definition, anywhere that you are currently right now is “here” for you. So, saying, “I’m not here,” means “I won’t be here when you’re calling me to have received this because, definitionally, if were here, I would’ve picked up, but because I haven’t picked up, I’m not here at the time that you’re listening to it, even though wherever I am is ‘here’ when you’re saying it.” I can see why people don’t actually leave this as their voicemail message recording.
Lauren: I feel like this almost made sense back in the old days where you physically recorded onto a tape that had a specific location, but now people’s voicemail is connected to an inbox on the internet on a mobile phone. What even is “here”?
Gretchen: What is “here”? I don’t know, but you can also use deixis to talk about time.
Lauren: What even is time? I was thinking about this at the top of the episode because we always say, “Today, we’re talking about,” and indeed, we are talking about this “today,” the day that we’re recording this, and you are –
Gretchen: Definitionally, at the moment of recording, that moment is “today,” yes.
Lauren: You are absolutely listening to this “today” as it’s being listened to or that you’re reading it as a transcript. But they’re two different “todays.”
Gretchen: They are two different “todays.” I was very conscious about this when I was writing Because Internet, which is a book that I wrote about language on the internet, because I’d read a lot of other books and articles about things to do with the internet, and a lot of them would say things like “now” or “currently” or “modern.” So, you read something like, “MySpace is very cool now,” and you flip to the copyright page, and you go, “Ah, this came out in 2006.”
Lauren: Oh, wow. Hmm, yes.
Gretchen: I was trying to be more specific and say, “This is cool in the early 21st Century” or “This is cool in the 2010s” or “This is what people were doing in the ’90s” or various eras rather than saying “now” because I was very conscious that people would, hopefully, read this book from the future and go, “Oh, no, we don’t do that anymore,” and I wouldn’t be able to predict which of those things would be the case.
Lauren: Very aware of what “now” means. Thinking of the internet also reminds me of just how terrible it was when MySpace was cool now because MySpace – the “my” in “MySpace” is a deictic pronoun. You’d have to be like, “Uh, follow my MySpace” or “What’s your MySpace?” “Do you have a YourSpace?” It was very tough.
Gretchen: There’s a lot of these that are named “My Something,” and you can see how you would do this as a user design, and yet, as an actual user, you’re like, “No, this is very frustrating that I have ‘My Courses’ or ‘My Account’ or ‘My Network’,” and you’re like, “Okay, log on to your ‘My Network’.”
Lauren: I feel like I’ve seen both things like “My bank” and “Your bank” because it depends on how the people setting up and naming the system thought about it while they were creating it. They are terrible to call up and ask for help with. It’s like, “I’m having trouble logging into my ‘Your Bank’.”
Gretchen: It’s like, “Is the bank talking to me, or am I talking to the bank?” Either way, maybe we could just not put something deictic in the name of this product and all of our problems would be solved.
Lauren: The problem with affixing a deictic centre to a name that then is actually a shifting centre causing all kinds of deictic anxiety.
Gretchen: I think time deixis is especially prone to this issue if you’re talking about something like “now” or “soon” or “then,” “yesterday,” “today,” “tomorrow.” You can see why we use them because it is super useful to mean “the day that is currently” – and you and I have timezone issues a lot of the time because we obviously live different timezones, and so we actually use deictic time more than absolute time because it’s easier to say, “Do you wanna talk in an hour?” and we can both just add an hour to whatever our current time is rather than “Do you wanna talk at 7 o’clock?” and we’re like, “Oh, I dunno what time it is for you.”
Lauren: Well, even “today” becomes a problem because we’re across the international dateline, so my “today” is often your “tomorrow” – yeah, I have to think about this really hard.
Gretchen: In fact, when we’re recording an episode on both of our “todays,” we are in fact recording it on different days, even though they’re “today” for both of us.
Lauren: True. There is actually almost never a single “today” for an episode of Lingthusiasm.
Gretchen: This gets us into the gigantic “this next” problem, which I feel like makes its way around popular discourse every couple months. If I say, “When is next Monday?”
Lauren: “Next Monday” is three days away for me right now. So, I would say “next Monday” is the one that’s three days away. But if you ask me when “next Saturday” is, I don’t think it’s tomorrow. I think it’s the one that’s eight days away.
Gretchen: Sometimes, people use “next” to be the one that wraps around to another week, so by Monday, it’ll be another week, but “next Monday” and “this Monday” for me are currently the same day. But because it’s Thursday for me right now, “this Friday” and “next Friday” are currently days because “this” doesn’t wrap around the week. It’s always the closest one. “Next” wraps around the week, but it could still be the closest one if that closest one has wrapped around the week.
Lauren: I have just taken to never using “next” as a day of the week unless I’ve absolutely clarified the absolute day of the month as well.
Gretchen: There’s the same problem with like “last May,” like, when does “this summer” become “last summer,” or if it’s only October, is “last summer” the one that happened two months ago, or is “last summer” the one that happened a year and two months ago?
Lauren: Again, the seasons one – made even harder by the fact we don’t even share a hemisphere. So, we can’t even point to the same season at the same time.
Gretchen: You know, the English language was truly not designed for instantaneous communication across literally the entire globe.
Lauren: Or writing. All of the deictic time and deictic location in writing. We should just abolish writing and distance communication. That will make deixis so much easier.
Gretchen: [laughing] This sounds like a terrible world, and I don’t wanna live in it.
Lauren: You’re right.
Gretchen: We need to evolve a more fanciful and elaborate type of deixis that works around the world and in writing and in lots of time zones.
Lauren: It is a testament to human cognition that we are able to do deixis when we have deictic centres split across days and across places and across times in this way.
Gretchen: The other thing that I was thinking about with deixis is like, “Okay, nouns can be deictic. Verbs can be deictic. Adverbs can be deictic. Pronouns can be deictic.” You have a sentence like, “The cat is purring.” The “the” there also picks out a specific cat in a way that’s context-dependent. My idea of what a cat is is based on my history as someone who has had a lot of cats pointed out to them. Is meaning just deixis all the way down? Everything you just learned through a combination of things that were pointed to?
Lauren: I mean, yeah. I think maybe it is.
Gretchen: I find this a fun and interesting way of thinking about meaning because the way that I think we’re sometimes introduced to meaning in a formal context is through dictionary definitions that give you a description of a cat that says something like, “A cat is a furry creature with four legs, a long tail, purrs,” whatever other attributes you wanna assign to a cat. But in practice, I didn’t learn the word “cat” by looking it up in a dictionary or having a description provided to me. I learned the word “cat” by having a bunch of cats pointed out to me. Sometimes, a cat has three legs or is one of those weird hairless cats.
Lauren: I’ve never looked at a Manx cat and gone, “That cannot be a cat. It doesn’t have a tail.”
Gretchen: Right, exactly. You could say, “Okay, they all have cat DNA,” but I have petted so many cats in my life, and I have never done a DNA test before I’m like, “Ooo, kitty!”
Lauren: Oh, yeah, I said to my neighbour, I was like, “I’m not gonna feed your cat until I get a DNA test to prove it’s definitely a cat. Then I’ll feed it.”
Gretchen: That’s not how meaning works. It’s not like humans couldn’t talk about cats before they had DNA tests.
Lauren: Yeah.
Gretchen: We did a whole bonus episode about meaning and the ways that we interact with it talking about the “Is a pizza a sandwich?” meme, which I would highly recommend because I think it’s a very fun bonus episode. It turns out that this is actually how meaning works for most people in context. You see a bunch of examples of cats or birds or chairs or whatever. You come up with a sense of what’s in the cluster based on generalising from those examples rather than by having an exact list of parameters because some stuff is an exception to those parameters, and it’s still a point in the cluster.
Lauren: Absolutely. Especially for things where we can point to examples of them in the world.
Gretchen: One of my favourite responses after we put that “Is X a sandwich?” episode up was someone saying, “You know, this makes me feel a lot better about not having a really clear definition for what it means to feel like a woman.” Because it turns out all words work like this if you look at them long enough. It’s less like a list of criteria and more like situating yourself within a constellation of other points. You just meet a bunch of women over the course of your life, and you’re like, “Do I want people to say ‘woman’ when they refer to me also? Yeah, okay.”
Lauren: Yeah. I mean, both “Yeah, that’s how I feel about being a woman” and “Yeah, language is all about pointing towards meaning.”
Gretchen: It’s pointing all the way down.
Lauren: Gretchen, can I finish by telling you one of my favourite jokes about deixis?
Gretchen: You have a joke about deixis? Okay, I absolutely need to hear it.
Lauren: Two linguists walk into a bar. Which one is the expert on deixis?
Gretchen: I dunno. Which one?
Lauren: This one.
Gretchen: Lauren, once again, this is audio.
Lauren: Ah, well, that’s okay, because now we’re at the end of this episode, I’m pointing to everyone.
[Music]
Lauren: For more Lingthusiasm and links to all the things pointed to in this episode, go to lingthusiasm.com. You can listen to us on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, SoundCloud, YouTube, or wherever else you get your podcasts. You can follow @lingthusiasm on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Tumblr. You can get “Etymology isn’t Destiny” on t-shirts and tote bags and lots of other items, and aesthetic IPA posters, and other Lingthusiasm merch at lingthusiasm.com/merch. I tweet and blog as Superlinguo.
Gretchen: I can be found as @GretchenAMcC on Twitter, my blog is AllThingsLinguistic.com, and my book about internet language is called Because Internet. Lingthusiasm is able to keep existing thanks to the support of our patrons. If you wanna get an extra Lingthusiasm episode to listen to every month, our entire archive of bonus episodes to listen to right now, or if you just wanna help keep the show running ad-free, go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm or follow the links from our website. Patrons can also get access to our Discord chatroom to talk with other linguistics fans and be the first to find out about new merch and other announcements. Recent bonus topics include interviews with Sarah Dopierala and Martha Tsutsui-Billins about their own linguistic research and their work on Lingthusiasm and a very special Lingthusiasmr episode where we read The Harvard Sentences to you [ASMR voice] in a calm, soothing voice. [Regular voice] Can’t afford to pledge? That’s okay, too. We also really appreciate it if you can recommend Lingthusiasm to anyone in your life who’s curious about language.
Lauren: Lingthusiasm is created and produced by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. Our Senior Producer is Claire Gawne, our Editorial Producer is Sarah Dopierala, our Production Assistant is Martha Tsutsui-Billins, and our Editorial Assistant is Jon Kruk. Our music is “Ancient City” by The Triangles.
Gretchen: Stay lingthusiastic!
[Music]
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theauthorsnetwork · 5 months
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linguisticdiscovery · 8 months
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Why are there so many languages in the world?
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This is the most infuriating thing I’ve read all week.
Across the US, mainstream institutions such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and CNN are increasingly opting for gender-neutral terms such as "pregnant people," "people who get abortions" and "birthing parent" in favor of "women" when referencing pregnancy, fertility and abortion.
These shifts in terminology signal an effort to be inclusive of transgender and nonbinary people who can also get pregnant. But the changes have also prompted pushback -- not just from Republican politicians who are openly hostile to LGBTQ people but also from some cisgender women (women whose gender identity conforms with the sex they were assigned at birth) who consider themselves LGBTQ allies and who support abortion rights.
"We're not just talking about the same people that we were before. We're broadening the scope," said Kristen Syrett, an associate professor of linguistics at Rutgers University. "And I think that's where people get more uncomfortable because it's so different from the way we've been thinking of reproductive rights and pregnancy for a long time."
Debates about language can seem arbitrary at a time when so many no longer have access to abortion services in their home state. But at the crux of these debates are questions about who is targeted by restrictive laws and policies, who is affected and who is included in the conversation.
Advocates say inclusive terms make room for everyone affected
Using inclusive language to talk about abortion recognizes that not only cis women can get pregnant, said Gillian Branstetter, a communications strategist at the ACLU's Women's Rights Project and LGBTQ & HIV Project.
Some trans men and nonbinary people can also get pregnant, as can cis girls and trans boys. This is also true in the opposite: Not all women are able to get pregnant. Some cis women struggle with fertility, while trans women lack uteruses. Opting for gender-neutral terms such as "people" or "patients" allows for these nuances in a way that just saying "women" does not.
There's scant data on how many trans and nonbinary people get pregnant and receive abortions given that medical systems in the US track them as female. A 2019 study from Rutgers University suggests that up to 30% of trans men experience unplanned pregnancies, and a 2020 study from researchers at the Guttmacher Institute and Planned Parenthood estimated between 462 and 530 trans and nonbinary people received abortions in 2017 (the CDC reports that approximately 609,000 total abortions were performed that year). As more adults identify as trans or nonbinary, experts say that such estimates are likely undercounted.
Still, those numbers pale in comparison to the numbers of cis women who access reproductive health care -- a point often made by critics of more inclusive terms. Branstetter acknowledged this reality, noting that "99% of people who are going to become pregnant or are in need of birth control or an abortion are women."
But it's necessary to make room for trans and nonbinary people precisely because of the significant barriers they face in receiving reproductive care, she added. "It's important to remember that transgender people do not have the privilege of pretending we do not exist."
Some feel gender-neutral terms erase the role of sexism
Others are concerned that forgoing the term "women" obscures what they see as the driving force behind attacks on abortion rights: Misogyny.
Carrie Baker, professor of the study of women and gender at Smith College, considers gender-neutral terms such as "pregnant people" to be inaccurate and imprecise. In theory, she said, "people" also includes cisgender men, whose bodies are not affected by abortion restrictions.
Baker said she recognizes the importance of being inclusive, and tries to reference in her writing when possible the various groups who are affected by abortion restrictions. But because she sees cisgender women as the primary targets of abortion bans, she said she makes it a point to emphasize women.
Not doing so, Baker said, erases the sexism underlying laws that seek to exert control over women's bodies.
"'Pregnant people' doesn't say who we're talking about. It makes (pregnancy) sound like it's a gender-neutral phenomenon or a sex-neutral phenomenon," she added. "I believe that bans on abortion are motivated by sex discrimination and by bias against women and cisgender women, or just femininity."
As some abortion rights supporters now look to the Equal Rights Amendment to establish a constitutional right to abortion, Baker said being explicit about the role of sexism in abortion restrictions is necessary to challenge such laws. Doing that effectively, in her view, means naming women.
"I think we need to talk about that or we, in essence, do what the right does, which is trying to erase the significance of the discriminatory impact of abortion bans," Baker said.
Some have gone as far as to suggest that women as a class are being erased. Earlier this year, The New York Times opinion columnist Pamela Paul decried the use of terms such as "pregnant people" in a piece, writing that "This isn't just a semantic issue; it's also a question of moral harm, an affront to our very sense of ourselves." The Atlantic's Helen Lewis accused the left of "declaring a war on saying 'women.'"
"By substituting people for women, we lose the ability to speak of women as a class. We dismantle them into pieces, into functions, into commodities," she argued.
Syrett, the Rutgers University linguist, understands where these anxieties are coming from, but encourages people to reflect on what they're signaling with their word choices.
"It seems natural for some individuals to (feel) like this is taking away something or maybe it's not honoring a part of what they've associated with womanhood for so long," she said. "It's an opportunity for everyone, regardless of their own stance with respect to reproductive issues or their own experience, to take a step back and ask what it means to talk about 'women' versus 'females' versus 'people with the ability to reproduce.'"
Others say the debate presents a false dichotomy
For the ACLU's Branstetter, claims that women are being erased are overblown.
Progressive organizations are opting for terms such as "pregnant people" in their own public messaging campaigns, but no one is forcing women to stop describing themselves as such, she said. Additionally, the word "women" continues to be centered in many national conversations about abortion -- from the Women's Health Protection Act that sought to codify Roe v. Wade to the Supreme Court ruling Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization that overturned it.
"I think that the demise of the word 'woman' is greatly exaggerated," Branstetter said. "And I don't think that there's any harm in making space for the many people who do need this care who are not women."
Advocates of more inclusive terms also feel that such debates present a false dichotomy.
Oliver Hall, trans health director for the Kentucky Health Justice Network, said critics of terms such as "pregnant people" are missing the ways that trans and nonbinary people are also hurt by misogyny. Recognizing what drives abortion restrictions and making space for trans and nonbinary people aren't mutually exclusive, they added.
"I think people feel like not just saying 'women' means that we can't talk about the role that misogyny plays in these laws," Hall said. "But I think that also does a disservice to trans people who are also affected not just by those laws, but by misogyny as a whole."
Including trans and nonbinary people in the fight for abortion rights doesn't mean taking away something from cisgender women, Hall said. Rather, a more inclusive coalition has the potential to strengthen the abortion rights movement.
At the heart of abortion bans is a desire to uphold traditional gender roles, Branstetter said, comparing them to attempts to ban gender-affirming care.
"What the effort to ban abortion and the effort to erase transgender people from public life have in common is the enforcement of a very strict gender binary based on the exploitation of reproductive labor," she said. "That is a more complicated story to tell than 'They're doing it because they hate women.' But it's a truer one."
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pudgy-planets · 5 months
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In fact, all of her teammates are still alive and well, albeit at varying levels of sanity.
A few of them were actually sent alongside her to South Dakota’s base.
Kamikaze, a pyrotechnic and weapons expert. As well as Sazanami, a chemical engineer and poet.
Others she keeps in contact with across the globe are Hirato, who had abyssal cells injected into her eyes to "enhance" her vision and sight, was their sniper and medic. Although the line between "surgery" and "mutilation" is… thin. Paper thin.
Though her bloodlust has been curbed (very mildly) in recent years thanks to picking up new hobbies. She’s even considering opening her own morgue and funeral services.
Fumizuki, despite having her childlike innocence forcibly ripped from her heart by the unrelenting Navy higher-ups, lives a rather quiet life within a base in Belgium where Bismarck, Tirpitz, and Musashi once served.
She was an intelligence officer.
Tanikaze was their linguist and was highly adaptable to switching languages on the fly, as well as near perfect mimicry. She’s able to talk anyone into any situation given the opportunity. Including getting her captors to release her… before brutally stabbing of course, after what they did to the natives.
She’s a chef in a base a few hours away from where South Dakota’s is located. A very lovely person to be around.
And the group’s former leader was Iyo-san. She was and still is always in a perpetual intoxicated state, yet this had no impact on her capacities as a captain of one of the most reckless, efficient squadrons possible.
She’s a very chipper and enthusiastic person when inebriated, but becomes uncomfortably somber and downtrodden once she sobers up. This is not solely because of the blood on her hands, nor even the lengths she had to go to for survival, but rather a fail safe conditioned into her mind through subliminal messaging during construction.
She’s currently located on a Scotland base.
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greatwriterz · 8 months
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Trusted Lawyer in Brazil: Cristian Carmona Hernandez for Expert Legal Services
Seeking a reliable lawyer in Brazil? Look no further than Cristian Carmona Hernandez. With extensive legal knowledge and a commitment to client success, Cristian provides top-quality legal services tailored to your needs. Contact us today for expert legal assistance!
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Introduction:
Are you in need of a skilled lawyer in Brazil? Turn to the expertise of Cristian Carmona Hernandez for comprehensive legal services. With a deep understanding of Brazilian law and a dedication to achieving favorable outcomes for clients, Cristian is the trusted professional you can rely on. Whether you require assistance with business law, civil litigation, or any other legal matter, Cristian Carmona Hernandez offers expert guidance and representation.
Extensive Legal Expertise:
Cristian Carmona Hernandez is a highly experienced lawyer with a vast knowledge of Brazilian legal systems and practices. He specializes in various areas of law, including:
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Civil Litigation: If you are involved in a civil dispute, Cristian offers skilled representation and guidance to protect your rights and advocate for your best interests.
Family Law: From divorce and child custody to spousal support and adoption, Cristian provides compassionate and reliable legal assistance in family law matters.
Real Estate Law: Whether you're buying, selling, or facing property disputes, Cristian offers reliable counsel and representation to ensure your real estate transactions proceed smoothly.
Immigration Law: Cristian helps clients navigate the complex legal processes related to immigration, including visa applications, residency permits, and citizenship matters.
Personalized Approach:
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hardfordeducation · 23 hours
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The Rising Influence: A Guide to the Best Japanese Consultancy Firms in Nepal
Introduction:
In recent years, Nepal has seen a significant surge in collaboration and partnerships with Japanese businesses, leading to the emergence of several consultancy firms facilitating this relationship. These firms play a vital role in bridging cultural, linguistic, and operational gaps between Japanese investors and the Nepalese market. In this guide, we'll explore the rising influence of Japanese consultancy in Nepal, highlighting some of the best ones making significant strides in facilitating business ventures and fostering bilateral relationships.
Understanding the Landscape:
Nepal's strategic location between China and India, coupled with its potential for economic growth, has attracted attention from international investors, including those from Japan. Japanese companies are increasingly exploring opportunities in sectors like infrastructure, energy, tourism, and manufacturing. However, navigating the Nepalese market can be challenging due to differences in language, business practices, and regulatory frameworks. This is where consultancy firms specializing in Japanese-Nepalese collaborations become invaluable.
Key Players in the Field:
Several consultancy firms have emerged as leaders in facilitating Japanese investments in Nepal. Among them, firms like Japan Nepal Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., Nihon Shuji Kigyo Nepal, and Japan Asia Partners Nepal have gained prominence for their expertise and track record in guiding Japanese businesses through the intricacies of the Nepalese market.
Japan Nepal Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.: 
With a team comprising bilingual professionals with extensive knowledge of both Japanese and Nepalese business cultures, this consultancy firm offers a range of services, including market research, legal assistance, and project management. Their client portfolio includes prominent Japanese corporations looking to establish a presence in Nepal.
Nihon Shuji Kigyo Nepal: 
Specializing in advisory services for infrastructure development projects, Nihon Shuji Kigyo Nepal has played a pivotal role in facilitating Japanese investments in Nepal's transportation, energy, and urban development sectors. Their expertise in project planning, feasibility studies, and stakeholder management has earned them recognition as a trusted partner for Japanese firms seeking opportunities in Nepal.
Japan Asia Partners Nepal:
 Focused on fostering partnerships between Japanese and Nepalese enterprises, Japan Asia Partners Nepal offers comprehensive consulting services encompassing market entry strategies, joint venture facilitation, and business development. Their team of industry experts provides tailored solutions to address the specific needs and challenges faced by Japanese investors in Nepal.
Services Offered:
Japanese consultancy firms in Nepal offer a wide range of services designed to support Japanese businesses at every stage of their ventures in the country. These services include:
Market Research and Analysis: Conducting market studies to assess the demand, competition, and regulatory landscape in Nepal, helping Japanese companies make informed decisions.
Legal and Regulatory Compliance: 
Assisting clients in navigating Nepal's legal and regulatory framework, including company registration, permits, licensing, and compliance with local laws.
Business Development and Networking: 
Facilitating introductions and connections with key stakeholders, potential partners, government agencies, and industry associations to expand business networks and opportunities.
Project Management:
 Providing project planning, implementation, and monitoring support to ensure successful execution and timely delivery of investment projects.
Success Stories:
The collaboration between Japanese consultancy firms and Nepalese businesses has resulted in several success stories, demonstrating the tangible benefits of cross-border partnerships. For example:
A Japanese construction company partnered with a Nepalese counterpart to undertake a major infrastructure project with the assistance of a local consultancy firm. Through effective project management and stakeholder coordination, the project was completed ahead of schedule, enhancing connectivity and boosting economic development in the region.
A Japanese manufacturing firm leveraged the expertise of a consultancy firm to navigate Nepal's regulatory landscape and establish a production facility in the country. With support in obtaining permits, hiring local talent, and setting up operations, the company successfully entered the Nepalese market and achieved significant growth.
Conclusion:
As Nepal continues to attract investments from Japan and other international markets, the role of consultancy firms specializing in Japanese-Nepalese collaborations becomes increasingly vital. These firms serve as trusted advisors, facilitating seamless communication, fostering partnerships, and navigating the complexities of cross-border business ventures. 
By leveraging their expertise and networks, Japanese consultancy firms contribute to the growth and success of businesses operating in Nepal, driving economic development and strengthening bilateral ties between the two nations. As the demand for their services grows, these firms are poised to play an even more significant role in shaping the future of Japanese investments in Nepal.
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Do You know what are the Social Media Red Flags In Relationships?
The internet has indeed revolutionized the world. Gone are the days when information was scarce and communication was slow.
Today, with just a few clicks or taps, we can delve into a vast repository of knowledge on virtually any topic and connect with individuals worldwide in an instant. Social media, in particular, has streamlined the process of finding romantic partners, transcending geographical boundaries and time zones. Yet, amid its convenience, social media has also become a breeding ground for relationship issues. The same platforms that bring couples closer together can also harbour hidden red flags that may signal trouble ahead.
To understand these social media red flags, let’s explore the perspective of top relationship expert and marriage counsellor Shivani Misri Sadhoo on the social media behaviours that should not be ignored in relationships.
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What are the social media red flags in relationships?
Couples therapist, Shivani Misri Sadhoo says to find out you need to check the following signs:
Pretending to be single
When a partner behaves as if they’re single on social media—keeping relationship status hidden, avoiding posting photos together, or asking not to be tagged—it raises red flags. While some value privacy, constant avoidance of mentioning the relationship…
Read Here: https://www.saarthicounsellingservices.com/blog/socialmedia-red-flags-relationships-marriages/
Relationship And Marriage Counsellor Shivani Misri Sadhoo
Psychologist & Marriage Counsellor, Founder at at Saarthi Counselling Services
Counselor Shivani Misri Sadhoo heads Saarthi Counselling Services and she is one of Delhi 's top Psychologist and Marriage Counsellor. Counsellor Shivani is experienced and certified counseling psychologists with specialization in the area of Personal Crisis interventions like coping-up with Relationship Issues, Marriage Counselling, Separation & Divorce, Child and Adolescent issues, Depression, Stress, Domestic and Sexual Abuse, Loss & Grief, Suicidal feelings. Counsellor Shivani is currently working with India 's top hospital groups like Fortis Hospital, IBS (Indian Brain & Spine) Hospital and with Express Clinics. Counsellor Shivani is a Certified Neuro-Linguistic Practitioner with specialized training and experience in the fields of Relationship and Marital issues. She is a Level 3 Trained Gottman Method Couples Therapist. Call Counselor: +91-8860875040 Email:[email protected] Gottman Certification: Level 3 Trained Gottman Method Couples Therapist
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oninoinsyncsblog · 1 day
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hindi voice over actors in india
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In the dynamic world of entertainment, the demand for quality voice dubbing services is skyrocketing, especially in a linguistically diverse country like India. Catering to this need is Oniono InSync, a groundbreaking platform revolutionizing Hindi voice dubbing services and empowering artists across the nation.
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