#mitochondrial Eve

[rosewind2007]

Saw this advert and immediately thought: someone should tag Adam Eyre-Walker

Which is possibly one of my more niche jokes…

#mitochondria #mitochondrial inheritance #maternal inheritance #mitochondrial Eve #mitochondrial Steve #adam eyre-walker

[returning-to-her]

From The Waterbury Observer page on Facebook:

A decade-long DNA project by National Geographic collected DNA samples from individuals in the jungles of Papau New Guinea, the rolling hills of Tuscany, Brazil, Siberia, China, Ireland, Kenya, Puerto Rico, Iceland, Albania, and every nook and cranny on the planet.

It was the largest and most intensive DNA project ever conducted on the planet and resulted in a startling discovery; every living person on Earth is a direct descendant of one woman who lived in East Africa 150,000 years ago. They named her Mitochondrial Eve.

She was a nomad and after many many generations her descendants began to migrate out of Africa and eventually physically adapted to populate every viable ecosystem in the world. The further north her descendants traveled - and after hundreds of generations - their skin and hair lightened. This is known as natural selection, a biological process where a living organism will morph and change to adapt to its environment.

The Observer has shared this information with dozens of our friends and family over the years, and while most are surprised and delighted, for some this scientific discovery is not well received.

"We all come from an East African nomad?" they ask shaking their head.

"Yes."

"And she was black?"

"Yes."

"Well I don't believe that," they'll say.

And in today's world divided by faith and culture and politics and skin color, it is a hard concept to fully embrace - but we are all related - blacks, whites, Asians and Hispanics.

We all come from that one mother in East Africa 150,000 years ago. She may be the biblical Eve, or she may have evolved from primates and Neanderthals. It really doesn't matter if you embrace her in faith, or in science, but by accepting her and learning about human history and how we have adapted in the past 7000 generations we might begin to realize that we literally are one human family. And in that realization we might begin the slow and painful process of reconciliation and learn to accept and embrace our physical differences.

So today, on Mother's Day we salute our mothers, our grandmothers, our great grandmothers, and all the mothers on the path that lead straight back to Mitochondrial Eve, who started our astoundingly diverse family 150,000 years ago.

Happy Mothers Day

My add-on.....

Isn't it interesting that Christianity states we came from Adam, including Eve when the opposite is actually true. Just like they say God is male when it is the female sex that births life. And the mother, maiden, and crone became god, the son, and the holy ghost. Let's also add turning Yule into Christmas and the rebirth of spring to Easter-the rebirth of Christ. Did they do anything original?

#patriarchy #radical feminism #divine female #anti patriarchy #mother nature #radfem #womensrights #womenempowerment #radical feminist #mitochondrial eve #women power #matriarchy #spirituality #anti religion #religion #christianity

[grandorderconfessions]

#kijyo koyo #mitochondrial eve #sfw #fate grand order #fate school life

[earthravenclaw]

Just learned about a lot about Mitochondrial Eve. She was... real. She was someone. And she (and everyone else she ever knew) had no idea how special she would become. And that’s just the current one!! There have been many, shifting down the line every time a female lineage dies out. I think... I’ve never understood religion this clearly. I have a VERY strong urge to worship.

#science #biology #mitochondria #mitochondrial eve #family history #genetics

[piermanwalter]

Let’s pay respects to Hunca-Munca the Original Mousegirl.

#beatrix potter #mice #hunca-munca is the mitochondrial eve of all mousegirls

[hotniatheron]

the first fish that crawled out of the sea was a daughter fighting with her mother and she said damn bitch, why’d you lay that clutch of eggs if you never got over your mother leaving you out as bait to save the other offspring and they got eaten anyways!

#wait i just scream laughed thinking of this #that's the real mitochondrial eve

[pinerduck]

Mitochondrial eve parasite eve

Eventually you have to try and stop her from stealing the entire donor supply of a sperm bank so she can impregnate herself and give birth to a mitochondrian messiah. She melts a clutch of concert goers into a single gelatinous mass that looks like King Kong if he were made out of SunnyD. The last time you ever see more than a handful of people in the city is when Eve assaults yet another crowd on Christmas Day. Unlike similar schlock like Darkman, though, the game just keeps mutating like one of Eve’s beasts, escalating into odder scenarios as Aya herself keeps getting more and more trapped in the city.Įve is actually the embodiment of a sentient, evolved group of mitochondria - the engine in living cells - that are trying to overthrow the tyrannical rule of the human nucleus. Half urban isolation meets explosion fest like The Rock and half Clive Barker-ian body horror, it really does feel like a vintage piece of cheese pulled right off of USA’s Up All Night with Gilbert Gottfried. If it stopped there and Aya just had to track down Eve in New York, fighting off mutating creatures as she went, Parasite Eve would just be another eerie high concept action horror fitting of its era. If painter Patrick Nagel and The Babadook director Jennifer Kent were in charge of crafting the worst Freudian anxiety nightmare you’d ever have, it would still be less outlandish than the beginning of Parasite Eve. That’s also when the rats in the building start turning into hog-sized freaks with three-pronged whip tails that shoot fire. Her arms twist and extend into dark claws, her legs are replaced by a curving, coarse tail as she floats in mid-air ranting about how the mitochondria are starting a revolution. The singer then warps into Eve, our monster antagonist. This is one of Parasite Eve’s only scenes where New York is populated beyond Aya and her allies from the 17th Precinct and everyone happens to be on fire. They arrive at Carnegie Hall for an opera, but as the show begins with a wailing, wordless song, everyone in the theater save Aya and the singer on stage starts to burn. On Christmas Eve in 1997, NYPD detective Aya Brea goes on a date with an overeager man who’s never named. In trying to make a shorter, more digestible delivery system for its technological prowess, Square produced something weirder than anything they’d made before. Parasite Eve was an attempt to streamline the concept of a role-playing game - strategic, evocative games that take dozens of hours to unfold their action and plot - so it could more seamlessly integrate with the lushly animated, Pixar short-style story sequences that Square was revolutionizing on the PS1. (Is it a movie? Is it one of those VHS board games? These were valid questions in the ‘90s and they still are unless you’re the sort of person that immediately understands what “RPG” stands for.) That awkward moniker was a mission statement. Square called it a “cinematic RPG,” a weird genre signifier that raises more questions than it answers. That’s the New York in Parasite Eve.ĭeveloped by SquareSoft and released in 1998 for the original PlayStation, Parasite Eve remains an eminently playable, bizarre experiment as beguiling as its setting. New York at rest feels like a dream space made flesh, a place both alien and familiar, isolating and enveloping. All the speed and fury of 8 million people pushing and yelling between the cars and the sirens falls away into a rumbling susurrus, half noise and half feeling. It’s eerie the first time you experience it, coming home in the small hours or walking out the door before the sun comes over the East River. Everything slows for a while, neighborhood by neighborhood, the city’s cardiovascular system easing down just like a human body at the end of the day. It rests fitfully, ready to rise at the crash of a car, the wail and fade of ambulance sirens mixing with the sharp bleat of drunk laughter filtering up from the sidewalk at 2 a.m., but it does in fact slumber. Parasite Eve knows the truth: New York sleeps.

#Mitochondrial eve parasite eve

[neat-deadandlive-things]

What is a favorite fact that you like but feel like you never have a chance to share? More than one favorite is also totally acceptable.

This is a tough one because as soon as I learn a new fact I tell everyone around me that fact repeatedly. Some of my favs:

Our fuel doesn't come from dinosaurs as the internet likes to say but actually mostly fossilized algae and plant matter!

Barnacles may have the largest penis to body size ratio of any animal.

Our mitochondria was actually it's own little organism before "we" (the single celled ancestor of all eukaryotes) swallowed it up and instead of digesting it, put it to use. That's why mitochondria have their own set of DNA. All human mitochondria can in theory be traced back to a "mitochondrial Eve" because we inherited 100% of our mitochondrial DNA from our mother and there is very little recombination compared to the rest of out DNA. There is also a y-chromosome Adam but that's only traceable in much more recent history because of more recombination and mutation, and also because only half the population have y-chromosomes.

Antlers are actually technically a type of cancer! In a simplified way, antlered animals have evolved to use these cancer cells and not be killed by them!

Soap is made from fats! Therefore bodies decomposing in specific cold low oxygen environments actually "turn into" soap in a process called saponification!

#science #facts #all of theses are really simplfied and anthropomorphized and if any really interest you you should read the primary lit! #They actually get MORE bizzar the more you read!

[ptseti]

Genetics and anthropological studies have provided strong evidence that all modern human populations can trace their origins back to Africa. This is supported by various lines of genetic evidence, including DNA testing.One common method used in genetics to trace human ancestry is through mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down exclusively from the mother to her offspring. By studying the variations in mtDNA sequences among different populations, scientists have been able to trace back the origins of modern humans to a common female ancestor in Africa, often referred to as "Mitochondrial Eve." Another important genetic marker for understanding human ancestry is the Y chromosome, which is passed down from fathers to their sons. Studies of the genetic diversity of the Y chromosome have also shown that the most recent common male ancestor of all living humans, often called "Y-chromosomal Adam," likely lived in Africa. By studying the genetic diversity and variations in the DNA of populations around the world, scientists have been able to confirm that the earliest human ancestors of all modern humans originated in Africa before migrating to other parts of the world. This evidence supports the "Out of Africa" theory of human evolution, which posits that modern humans first appeared in Africa and then spread to populate the rest of the world.

[pokemoncenter]

On Pokemon Genetics and Evolution

This is a continuation of my previous post about Pokemon genetics, where we discovered that Pokemon ncDNA contains more or less a complete record of their evolutionary history, allowing them to regain atavistic traits to suit new environments when needed.

Our conclusion was that this comes back to Mew. Mew, as the ancestor of all Pokemon, was known to have the ability to Transform akin to a Ditto... but now we must contend with the idea that it had much greater transformative abilities than the Ditto we know.

It is now theorized that regional formes are the result of, essentially, a Transform technique from the mother to alter its children. However, I posited a simple conundrum: If Everstones also disrupt the creation of regional formes, as well as evolution, could they not share a mechanism?

With the assistance of several Eevee, we recorded their DNA and checked it as they evolved, comparing the changes to the changes between formes in littermates of our Vulpixes.

Our results were almost entirely as we expected. Evolution, too, is another use of Transform. This one, however, appears to be deeply embedded in a Pokemon's genetics, enough that it is has become a part of their natural life cycle.

(This means we are further overturning the idea of Eevee as 'genetically unstable'- After all, it has no regional formes that we are aware of, only a variety of evolutions. This is not instability, but a preparedness for any environment.)

Through Champion Red's kind allowing us to examine Mewtwo's DNA, we were able to locate several parts of the genome that Pokemon that should have nothing in common do.

To confirm: Mew is the ancestor of all known Pokemon. A species-wide Mitochondrial Eve, you might say. And with this knowledge, we are now aware that all Pokemon, regardless of their appearance, are technically of the same genus. Even ones that look to be plants, or rocks- As descendants of Mew, they all belong to one genus, which we are now discussing renaming the 'Mew' genus.

... The primary hole, the flaw in this theory, is Ditto itself. Everstone prevents all of these uses of Transform to cause a forme change or an evolution, but it does not stop Ditto's Transformations. Is Ditto somehow a special case? We have far too much evidence to dismiss this entire theory, but then how does Ditto play into this?

#pokeblogging #pkmn irl #unreality #atavism arc

[transhuman-priestess]

People do not appreciate the sheer genius of “I Feel Love”

It is the mitochondrial eve of every single EDM track, house track, chiptune, anything, that you’ve ever heard.

It’s one of those works of art that is so earth-shatteringly important it spawned entire genres, and as a result it doesn’t even occur how utterly new it was when it was new.

“Disco with synthesizers” doesn’t sound like a groundbreaking idea because you’ve been raised on post-“I Feel Love” conceptions of disco.

God I love this song

#music #writing about music #Donna summer #I feel love #Youtube

[madamlaydebug]

There are genetic and fossil evidence that suggests that the earliest modern human species – otherwise known as Homo Sapiens – evolved from Africa over 200,000 years ago.

Presently, research spearheaded by author Vanessa Hayes, a geneticist at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney in Australia has produced data that they believe is able to pinpoint exactly where in Africa these homo-sapiens originated (Chan et al., 2019). This research was conducted through genetic tracing of the ‘Eve Gene’ otherwise known as one of the oldest DNA lineages on Earth.

Scientifically, they are a collection of genes called ‘L0’ which are passed down maternally through mitochondria – also known as ‘the powerhouse of the cell’ – small bean-shaped structures in our cells that convert food into energy used for powering bodily functions and biochemical reactions that keep us alive (MitoQ, 2019). It is important to note that mitochondria have their own DNA that carry this particular ‘Eve’/L0 genome. This more commonly termed as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

It is thus nicknamed the ‘Eve Gene’ as it is an inherited gene, paying reference to the story of creation in Genesis, the first chapter of the Bible. The story of creation describes Eve as first woman on earth, therefore in essence she would be the mother to us all. However, this has not been scientifically proven therefore, the term is used only to refer to the most recent female genetic ancestor of a species.

Biologically, 50% of any humans’ DNA is inherited from their mother and the other 50% from their father. However mitochondrial DNA is inherited solely from your mother and can remain unchanged for tens of thousands of years (Specktor, 2019). It is a unique genetic code that is passed down for generations. This characteristic has proved to be extremely useful for research, as mtDNA can be used a biomarker (proof of biological process in the body) to trace back the matrilineal history of our species.

For clarification, the Eve Gene does not necessarily reference the first female human or of any species, but it is more accurately used to refer to the most historically recent female from which humans can trace their ancestry. Whilst currently the genome can only be traced to one female, this does not mean that no other female predates her or there are none that may have lived at the same time as her. There are a variety of reasons why the genetic lineage can only be traced to this one particular female; for example, she may have been the only one with surviving female children that would have been able to pass on her mtDNA (Learn, 2016).

The data extracted from this research after studying the genomes of over 1,200 Africans have pinpointed an area called Makgadikgadi in present-day Botswana (Southern Africa) as modern humans’ ancestral homeland and concluded that mitochondrial Eve and her descendants lived in this region for about 30,000 years, 200,000-170,000 years ago before the L0 lineage split into its first subgroup and further subgroups in order to create the variety and diversity of humanity we see today (Specktor, 2019).

Bibliography

https://shadesofnoir.org.uk/the-eve-gene/

Chan, E.K.F., Timmermann, A., Baldi, B.F., Moore, A.E., Lyons, R.J., Lee, S.-S., Kalsbeek, A.M.F., Petersen, D.C., Rautenbach, H., Förtsch, H.E.A., Bornman, M.S.R. and Hayes, V.M. (2019). Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations. Nature, [online] 575(7781), pp.185–189. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2020].

Learn, J.R. (2016). No, a Mitochondrial “Eve” Is Not the First Female in a Species. [online] Smithsonian Magazine. Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/.../no-mitochondrial-eve.../ [Accessed 25 Mar. 2020].

MitoQ (2019). What are Mitochondria? [online] www.mitoq.com. Available at: https://www.mitoq.com/blog/science/what-are-mitochondria [Accessed 25 Mar. 2020].

Specktor, B. (2019). Scientists Think They’ve Found “Mitochondrial Eve’s” First Homeland. [online] livescience.com. Available at: https://www.livescience.com/mitochondrial-eve-first-human... [Accessed 25 Mar. 2020].

[queenboudicaa]

Though the exact birthdate of our species remains uncertain, the scenario that a single woman birthed the modern human species is on firmer scientific grounds thanks to the reliability of the new science of molecular biology. Laboratory tests performed on mitochondrial DNA can accurately measure the genetic variation that exists between members of a species and the differences existing among species.

Scientists can then construct "molecular clocks" and calculate how long ago a particular species split away from its precursor. Molecular biology has proved to be the great Rosetta Stone of evolutionary changes. The existence of an African Eve is extremely likely because the genetic material of all humans alive today is eerily similar.

The genes of chimpanzee communities inhabiting ranges only a few thousand yards apart have more genetic diversity than those of humans separated by oceans. Despite the dramatic differences in the skin pigmentation, eye color, body shapes, and hair types of people from disparate regions of the world, all humans are genetically homogeneous to an extraordinary degree. In fact, there is less than 0.1 percent difference between the gene structure of any one human and another.

This suggests that each of us is a not-so-distant descendant of one fairly recent ancestral female. Since we have not had time to diverge very far genetically our species' birthdate can be calculated backward in tens of thousands of years, instead of millions.

Some dire factor, condition, or event adversely affected the species that lived in the area around present-day Lake Victoria, leading to a population bottleneck. Let us call it Factor X. But what was X? What environmental challenge could have been the catalyst for the radiation of a new species?

The geologic and archeological record is relatively silent. Variations in the local climate did occur, but none seems harsh enough to prompt our origin. Scientists have not identified sudden discontinuities in the area's flora or fauna. And yet some extreme condition must have occurred, for African Eve to burst forth like Athena fully formed from the brow of Zeus. Though there are many competing scientific theories, none has managed to gain sufficient support to explain the bottleneck fully.

I propose that the "bottleneck" through which our unfortunate immediate ancestors squeezed was actually a real bottleneck.

Scientists scouring the landscape in search of an external Factor X may have been looking in the wrong place. The precipitating event that pushed a local population of hominids toward the edge of extinction was neither a climate change, a geological force, the arrival of predators or disappearance of prey nor a shift in the availability of food resources. It was an internal, anatomical one.

The unyielding walls of the birth canal, like the alignment of Scylla and Charybdist produced the bottleneck that shaped all subsequent hominid evolution.

The death of the Unknown Mother and her unlucky baby and the subsequent dying off of increasingly large numbers of hominid mothers and their newborns, was the stressful Factor X that precipitated the Homo sapiens line.

#leonard shlain #sex time and power #radical feminism

[aetherceuse]

The Genesis & Biology of Ultra Humans

Note: This is heavily headcanon-based and canon divergent.

Ultra Humans, as we know them in the modern era, are descendants of inter dimensional, celestial beings that resembled seraphim. These otherworldly creatures supposedly lived among the stars, and traveled in small groups atop asteroids. Old records predating the current written language depict these extra-terrestrials as genderless, sexless entities, with glass-like skin, long limbs, and appendages that could almost be described as wings, with ‘feathers’ made of membrane. They communicated strictly through a system of telepathy with one another, and reproduced asexually. The species had no desire for food and water, rather, they receive sustenance and nutrition through the various minerals in outer space, and the heat and light that they absorbed when landing on planets with proper atmospheres. They were capable of various psychic abilities, were able to regenerate themselves when injured, and were even rumored to be able to create matter.

An archaic text claims that a mitochondrial eve was born from the asexual reproduction, that was capable of acting independently from the joint “hive mind” of her kind; she then proceeded to have offspring with a human being, thus the modern Ultra Human was born. From there, the Ultra Humans began to inhabit the surfaces of planets permanently.

Similar to the biblical “nephilim”, Ultra Humans tower over their typical human cousins; the average height of a human is 5’9”, whereas the average height of an Ultra Human, is 6’3”. Their skin is not quite as glassy, but it does shimmer under direct sunlight. The skeletal system is thinner, with similar long limbs to their predecessors, and wider eyes. Ultra Humans also display high levels of intelligence.

For some time, Ultra Humans had a similar variety of abilities like their celestial ancestors, but over the generations, these powers grew weaker and weaker as the species evolved to adapt to their less-harsh, settled habitats. Eventually, the abilities of their ancestors became recessive genes, and only manifested in rare occurrences; the taming of Pokémon and UBs, and using them for self-defense, were a root cause in the abilities becoming recessive, as Ultra Humans no longer had to defend themselves from massive Ultra Beast threats on their own.

They are also incapable of digesting many foods that earthly humans tend to eat. For example, they lack the enzymes required to digest meat, and harsh chemical preservatives are very corrosive on their internal organs. This is a byproduct of their ancestors’ not needing to eat physical food.

The lifespan of an Ultra Human is also much longer than that of earthly humans. The average lifespan of an Ultra Human is currently recorded at 500 years. Their aging cycle is also quite strange as well; they age on pace with earthly humans in their first few years, and then slow down rapidly at the 20 year old mark.

It is unknown as to why this happens— but the offspring of an Ultra Human female, and a human male, have a higher chance of exhibiting some of those recessive genes, with Lusamine as a prime example. However, even when born with these genetics, the abilities are usually dormant— and can remain dormant for an entire lifetime, unless they are exposed to high amounts of radiation from the deepest corners of Ultra Space, the “cradle of the celestial ancestors.” Certain Ultra Beasts, such as Guzzlord and Necrozma, are coated in this radiation, due to their large sizes, and ability to traverse the planes with ease. Offspring with mixed genetics will exhibit very similar traits to their Ultra Human parent, though their lifespans will not be quite as long, averaging out to 250 years old.

Despite the celestial ancestors having no sightings for millions of years, while also being presumed either extinct, or “completely evolved” away from those forms, some scientists speculate that there are still a handful of these entities in the furthest corners of Ultra Space, but there is currently no proof of this.

It is important to know that Lusamine’s disdain and apathy towards humans is not because she is Ultra Human; there is little to no quarreling between the two in the dimensions where both cousin species exist together. Because she is a faller from a dimension where the two coexisted, she would had had a positive view on earthly humans, especially since her biological father was human, while her mother was Ultra Human. However, her upbringing and experiences in this dimension have soured her view on human beings.

#{ Lots of inspiration from Trigun Maximum and Ellen Lied. } #✧˖°.« 𝙼𝚊𝚌𝚑𝚒𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚕𝚒𝚊𝚗 𝙱𝚊𝚌𝚑 » Headcanon

[beetroot-merchant]

Top 5 biology facts you think are cool

5. WE DON'T KNOW WHAT A SPECIES REALLY IS. WE HAVE NO IDEA. WHICH IS SUPER FUNNY BUT GOD DAMN IT GETS INFURIATING 😭😭😭 there are like 50 definitions and theyre ALL BAD

4. there are amino acids in METEORS in SPACE

3. 100% of bonobos (our closest relatives along with chimps) are bisexual, and 60% of bonobo sex is wlw! happy pride

2. the mitochondria was actually originally a whole seperate ass organism that an animal cell Consumed but didnt Digest one day a bajillion years ago and so they entered this symbiotic relationship where the animal cell protected the mitochondria and it pumped out ridiculous amounts of ATP (energy) in exchange. this is why mitochondria have their own seperate mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) within themselves completely divorced from the actual DNA in the nucleus in eukaryotes (including us!!) today, and why mitochondria reproduce within the cell completely independently from the cell itself. theyre the powerhouse they can do whatever the fuck they want, what are you gonna do, stop them? idiot

related bonus fact: everyone gets their mDNA from the female parent, and all human mDNA can be traced back to a common ancestor, so-called Mitochondrial Eve, who was alive between 100k-200k years ago

you are related to everything on earth that has lived, is living, or will ever lived. not an obscure fact by any means but so, SO humbling and insane to realize the rammifications of... i could and HAVE written paragraphs of rambles on how cool all of it is. you and every blade of grass and every blue whale and every stegosaurus and every single bacterium in your guts right now helping you digest stuff are all family! blood related! how awesome is that ?!?!?!?

#🐞 || asks #im SORRY for the paragraphs this stuff just gets me riled up LMAO #does number 2 qualify as vore? stay tuned next time to find o