#molecular soil ecology

[princetonuniversitypress]

Molds, Mushrooms, and Medicines

This is the story of the human relationship with the fungi, from the billions of yeasts that live in the digestive system and cover our skin, to the fungi that we use as food and to produce medicines, and our dependence on mushroom colonies that sustain forests. Nicholas Money takes readers on a guided tour of a marvelous unseen realm, describing the continuous conversation between our immune systems and the teeming mycobiome inside the body, and how we can fall prey to life-threatening infections when this peaceful coexistence is disrupted. He also explores our complicated relationship with fungi outside the body, from wild mushrooms and cultivated molds that have been staples of the human diet for millennia to the controversial experimentation with magic mushrooms in the treatment of depression.

What is the big idea behind your book?

NPM: The big idea is that we are affected by fungi throughout our lives, from our fetal life in the womb, to birth, childhood, adulthood, and at the end of life. Fungi affect our bodies after death too, when their colonies participate in the decomposition of the solid tissues in the soil. The fungi are with us at every moment, in an intimate fashion as they reproduce on the skin and in the digestive system, and in an extended way when we use them as a source of food and medicines. This is an ancient relationship that has changed during our evolutionary history and intensified when we developed agricultural practices and, most recently, as we have adopted fungi in biotechnology. Our interactions with the fungi go even further when we think about our dependence on their ecological activities, including the roles of the fungi in fertilizing soils, purifying water, and supporting plants by forming mycorrhizas with their roots. I wanted to tell the whole story in this book, which has captivated me since I began working on the fungi as a graduate student in the 1980s. It is easy to dismiss the fungi as the stuff of fairy tales, but there is so much more to the deep relationship between humans and fungi. 

What is one of the features of the book that you think will surprise readers?

NPM: The fast pace of discovery in medical mycology is really inspiring. Earlier generations of mycologists misunderstood the fungi that they found on the body, regarding most of them as germs that damaged hospital patients and overlooking the significance of the yeasts growing peacefully on everyone else. Even when molecular genetic techniques began to reveal the incredible diversity and number of microbes in the gut, the fungi were missed because the methods were limited to identifying the DNA sequences of bacteria. This picture is changing at last, and new investigative methods are exposing the yeasts and molds multiplying from scalp to toes on the outside of the body and from mouth to anus on the inside. As this examination of the fungi has proceeded, the vision of the microbiome as a mostly bacterial territory has shifted to an appreciation of the diverse communities of fungi that fight and cooperate with bacteria through webs of chemical interactions to make a living on the body.  Through these innovations we are beginning to fathom the extraordinary influence of the mycobiome on our health and well-being.

“Appreciating the fungi … can begin with something as simple as looking at a mushroom—this beautiful oddity of nature—or inhaling the wondrous scent of a handful of rotting pine needles. There is so much beauty in this orgy of decomposition.”

What did you find most surprising when you were researching the subject of the mycobiome (the fungal part of the microbiome)?

NPM: The size of fungal cells is an esoteric detail with huge consequences. Billions of fungi, mostly yeasts, live in the gut alongside trillions of bacteria. These gut fungi weigh no more than a raisin, but their combined surface area is equivalent to an eight-person dining table. This huge area of fungal cell wall material is moving through the digestive system all the time, which may explain how the fungi punch above their weight in their effects on our health. Recent research has shown that yeasts and molds are associated with a range of illnesses in the gut ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to colorectal cancer. Although it is difficult to distinguish between cause and effect when we find changes in the numbers and types of fungi in these illnesses, some specialists are convinced that the fungi are a missing link in medicine. 

What concerns you most about the future of our relationships with the fungi?

NPM: The ecological importance of the fungi, including their role in supporting plant growth and their efficiency as decomposers has led popularizers of mycology to suggest that fungi can restore logged forests, clean water polluted by oil spills, and even break down radioactive waste. These claims are unfounded, but they have convinced many young people that there are relatively simple remedies for the human impact on the biosphere. The actions of the fungi are amazing, but they will not save us from ourselves. In a similar vein, many of the assertions about the medicinal properties of mushrooms are absurd. Mycology is a field that has attracted a lot of wishful thinking, but I have always believed that the facts about the biology of the fungi are far more interesting than the fiction. This book sets the record straight.

Did anything make you laugh as you worked on this book project?

NPM: There is great humor in some of the pronouncements made by the more colorful figures who have promoted mycology in the last century. For example, Terence McKenna, who took “heroic doses” of drugs in the 1970s, declared that the psilocybin molecule found in magic mushrooms was so unusual that it must have originated elsewhere in the galaxy. He went on to postulate that psilocybin mushrooms were a higher form of intelligence that had arrived from outer space and shaped the evolution of the human brain. Although he faces some stiff competition, McKenna’s alien mushroom theory is one of the least enlightening things ever written about fungi. When you have made the scientific study of mycology your life’s work, as I have done, it impossible to treat anyone who takes an idea like this seriously as anything but a buffoon.

What is one of the questions that continues to puzzle researchers about the fungi?

NPM: Despite decades of research, we are a long way from understanding why only a few hundred of the hundreds of thousands of species of fungi damage our tissues. There are some clues. These include the way that some fungi can evade the body’s defenses by hiding inside the cells of the immune system until they find themselves inside the central nervous system. This is known as the Trojan Horse strategy and allows these microbes to reach the brain and cause mayhem. On the other hand, pathogenic fungi are not attacking us in any deliberate fashion, because the body is a dead end for them. Unlike viruses, fungi get stuck in our tissues and cannot get out. Some investigators are convinced that coping with the warmth of the body is a big part of the explanation for fungal virulence, but this mild thermotolerance is probably inconsequential. Tens of thousands of fungi that live in the soil can grow at our body temperature and never cause disease. The difference lies in the chemical conversations between the body and the microbes that cause problems, which explains why damage to the immune system makes us so vulnerable to fungal infections.     

“Life without fungi is impossible. There are as many of them living on the human body as there are stars in the Milky Way and, more importantly, they have a far greater influence on our lives than all but one of these galactic incinerators. They are everywhere and will outlive us by an eternity: in myco speramus.”

Nicholas P. Money is professor of biology at Miami University in Ohio and the author of many books on fungi and other microbes, including The Rise of Yeast: How the Sugar Fungus Shaped Civilization, Mushrooms: A Natural and Cultural History, and Microbiology: A Very Short Introduction.  

#fungi #mushrooms #princeton university press #nicholas money

[statecryptids]

A few years ago I wrote an article for Cryptid Culture magazine #7 about the microbial cryptids that may be lurking all around us. Since the magazine has been defunct for a while now, I thought I'd post that article in full here. 

You can still purchase copies of Cryptid Culture from Blurb. Definitely check it out. There were some great articles.

THE SHADOW BIOSPHERE

In our search for unknown creatures we often focus on large, impressive cryptids- Mothman, Sasquatch, the Jersey Devil, Nessie. Beasts that, if they do exist, would be extremely rare and inhabit the periphery of humanity’s territory.

But what if there are uncountable hordes of unidentified organisms all around us? What if they are in the soil beneath our feet? In the damp spots in our basements? Even lurking inside our very bodies? What if there are whole unknown domains of life whose existence we have never even suspected because they are too small to be seen with the naked eye and so radically different from conventional Earthly life that we do not even have the proper tools to detect them? What if there is an entire Shadow Biosphere (a term originally coined by researchers Carol Cleland and Shelley Copley of the University of Colorado in 2005) lurking all around us?  

The exact origin of life on Earth is not currently known, though scientists have posed many possibilities. Some have speculated that life coalesced out of the mineral-rich waters around hot springs or deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Others have wondered if the basic building blocks of life arose in warm tidal pools or on the surface of carbon-based matter floating in droplets of sea spray. Still others have wondered if the components of life might have been brought to Earth on icy comets. It’s possible- even likely- that simple life arose multiple times and in multiple forms in these and many other crucibles on the early Earth. 

At some point, though, one type of life predominated and took over every ecological niche on the planet. This kind of life is highly plastic in the form it takes: bacteria, amoebae, algae, jellyfish, dinosaurs, humans. Organisms very different in form and structure, yet all sharing the same fundamental building blocks. Their genetic information is wrapped up in double-helices of DNA constructed from four bases: guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine . Their bodies are built and controlled by proteins and enzymes made of 20 different amino acids. And many of their support structures- hair, wood, cell membranes, etc- are constructed from carbohydrates.

But what if other life forms made from different sets of building blocks also developed in those dawn crucibles? What if they used a molecular structure besides DNA to hold genetic information? What if they utilized more than the familiar 20 amino acids to build their proteins? Or a different set of amino acids entirely? Even if such organisms did evolve they must surely have gone extinct early on, out-competed by life that dominates the Earth today? Otherwise we surely would have found evidence of them.

Perhaps not, though. The majority of living things on Earth are prokaryotes- unicellular microbes too small for us to see with the naked eye.  Under a microscope, most prokaryotes look fairly similar. Their cells are either shaped like pills, spheres or twisting corkscrews. You can’t tell what species a prokaryote is just by looking at it.

But this external simplicity and uniformity hides a universe of metabolic diversity. Some prokaryotes can photosynthesize like plants. Some can obtain energy from salt or sulfur. Some live off metals or oil. Some even feed on radioactive materials like uranium.  And of course, there are the more commonly known microbes that parasitize other living organisms. To identify prokaryote species, scientists have developed tools and techniques to detect the various enzymes, chemicals, and other molecular components that allow them to live and feed in these unique ways. Additionally, since prokaryotes are so small and numerous, these techniques are not performed on individual specimens. Instead, they are tested in a “shotgun” fashion on a sample of, say, soil or pond water to detect the overall presence and abundance of certain metabolic components.   These techniques assume, however, that the organisms being examined are composed of the DNA, proteins and other building blocks of regular terrestrial life.  They would not find denizens of the Shadow Biosphere if their structures and genetic material are different from what we currently know.

There is actually a precedence for discovering a completely new domain of life. Up until the late 1970s all life on Earth was placed into two broad categories based on the structure of their cells. Eukaryote cells have lots of smaller metabolism-performing structures called organelles inside them, including a nucleus to contain DNA, mitochondria to generate energy, and, in the case of plants and algae, chloroplasts to photosynthesize. All animals, plants, algae, fungi, and many single-celled organisms such as diatoms, paramecia, and amoebae are eukaryotes.

The aforementioned prokaryotes, by contrast, have no organelles. Their DNA and all metabolic enzymes float freely in the cell.  For decades all prokaryotes were assumed to be bacteria. In the late 1970s, however, researchers noticed that some prokaryotes had proteins and other chemical structures that were vastly different from those found in the majority of these microbes. What’s more, these strange prokaryotes were genetically closer to each other than they were to any other bacteria. It soon became clear that these organisms were a whole new domain of life that researchers dubbed the Archaea. 

It’s important to note that even though archaea differ from eukaryotes and bacteria in some structural ways, they still utilize DNA and the 20 amino acids found in the other two groups.  Archaea may have evolved separately from the other domains, but they are still ultimately descended from the same distant ancestor as the others. They are not part of a Shadow Biosphere. The point of this story is to illustrate the fact that that unique microbial organisms can indeed be lurking all around us without being detected.

  So, is there any evidence for a Shadow Biosphere? One possible clue to their presence is a phenomenon known as desert varnish. In arid regions around the world, exposed rock outcroppings frequently develop a thin red or black coating of iron, manganese, silica and clay particles. Native peoples around the world have created petroglyph images on these rocks by scrapping away this thin dark patina to expose the lighter rock underneath. Though desert varnish has been extensively studied, its exact origins are not known. Many scientists think it is caused by chemical weathering or by the slow action of bacteria or archaea living on the surface of the rocks. Some, though, have suggested that the dark patinas could have been deposited by the unknown organisms of the Shadow Biosphere. Testing this hypothesis would require developing techniques, which I will discuss a little later, to detect traces of non-traditional life forms.

It’s possible that some of these Earthly aliens have actually been found. In 1996 geologist Phillipa Uwins and her team discovered microscopic filament-like structures on pieces of freshly fractured sandstone they had pulled from 2-3 miles below the ocean floor. Soon, the filaments, which Uwins  dubbed “nanobes”, were found to be growing on equipment and containers in her lab that had come into contact with the samples. Experimentation found that the nanobes would also grow and even multiply on freshly fractured rock samples. Testing with DAPI staining- a technique for finding double stranded nucleic acids like DNA- produced a strong positive result, indicating that these filaments had genetic material and were thus alive.  That revelation created quite a conundrum, though, because these nanobes were one-tenth smaller than even the smallest known bacteria or archaea. At that size, a conventional organism would simply be too small to contain the genetic material and proteins necessary for life. Could nanobes have different chemical structures for carrying out life’s functions? Uwins and her colleagues are still hesitant to definitively claim nanobes are a new form of life, or even alive at all. More research is required to determine the exact nature of these structures.  Nevertheless, they are another tantalizing clue to the existence of an unsuspected Shadow Biosphere lurking all around us. 

All this speculation begs the question: how would one find evidence of the Shadow Biosphere if it’s denizens cannot be detected by techniques that target known Earth life? One possibility would be to develop experiments that look for other amino acids in the environment beyond the familiar 20. Another possible method would be to develop a chemical reagent that can distinguish between typical DNA and other genetic material that might have different bases besides guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine. This reagent could be used to stain a sample of cells gathered from, say, a soil sample. Any cells that were not stained could potentially possess a gene-encoding structure different from typical DNA.

As I stated at the beginning, while the big, bizarre cryptids like Mothman and Thunderbirds may be the most popular, some of the strangest, truly unique organisms on Earth may be lurking under our very feet beyond the limits of what our eyes and scientific instruments can see. The trick to finding them may require looking beyond what we currently understand as life on this planet.   

REFERNECES

Cleland, C. E. (2007). Epistemological issues in the study of microbial life: Alternative terran biospheres? Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 38(4), 847-861.

Cleland, C. E., & Copley, S. D. (2005). The possibility of alternative microbial life on Earth. International Journal of Astrobiology, 4(3 & 4), 165-173.

Uwins, P. J. R., Webb, R. I, & Taylor, A. P. (1998). Novel nano-organisms from Australian sandstones. American Mineralogist, 83(11-12, Part 2): 1541-1550.

#cryptids #microbes

[d-g-i-t-a-l]

Nurturing Growth: Understanding the Science Behind Agricultural Inoculants

In the realm of modern agriculture, where sustainability and productivity converge, the science behind agricultural inoculants emerges as a beacon of innovation. These microbial formulations, carefully designed to enhance soil fertility and promote plant health, represent a pivotal component of the Agricultural Inoculants Market. By delving into the intricate mechanisms and scientific principles that underpin their effectiveness, we can gain a deeper understanding of their role in driving agricultural sustainability and market growth.

Agricultural inoculants encompass a diverse array of microbial agents, including bacteria, fungi, and beneficial viruses, selected for their ability to improve soil health and plant performance. At the core of their efficacy lies the principle of symbiosis – the mutually beneficial relationship between plants and microorganisms. For instance, rhizobia bacteria form nodules on legume roots, where they fix atmospheric nitrogen, providing a vital nutrient source to the host plant. This symbiotic interaction not only enriches soil fertility but also reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, driving demand in the Agricultural Inoculants Market for eco-friendly alternatives.

The success of agricultural inoculants hinges on their ability to colonize the rhizosphere – the region of soil surrounding plant roots where crucial interactions between roots, microbes, and soil particles occur. Once applied to the soil or seed, these microbial formulations establish themselves in the rhizosphere, where they compete for resources and form symbiotic associations with host plants. Through mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, and disease suppression, agricultural inoculants enhance plant growth and resilience, driving market growth in the Agricultural Inoculants Market.

Central to the science of agricultural inoculants is the concept of microbial ecology – the study of interactions between microorganisms and their environment. By understanding the ecological dynamics of soil microbial communities, scientists can identify and isolate beneficial microorganisms with traits conducive to plant growth and soil health. This knowledge forms the basis for the development of microbial formulations tailored to specific crops, soil types, and environmental conditions, thereby optimizing their efficacy and market potential in the Agricultural Inoculants Market.

In recent years, advancements in biotechnology and molecular biology have revolutionized the development and application of agricultural inoculants. Through techniques such as metagenomics and genome editing, scientists can decipher the genetic makeup of microbial communities and engineer custom-tailored inoculants with enhanced traits. Moreover, precision agriculture technologies enable targeted delivery of inoculants to the rhizosphere, maximizing their efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. These technological innovations drive market innovation and expansion in the Agricultural Inoculants Market, opening new avenues for sustainable agriculture.

Collaboration between academia, industry, and agricultural stakeholders plays a crucial role in advancing the science of agricultural inoculants. By fostering partnerships and knowledge exchange, researchers can leverage interdisciplinary expertise to address key challenges and unlock new opportunities in microbial agriculture. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks and quality standards ensure the safety and efficacy of agricultural inoculants, instilling confidence among farmers and driving market growth in the Agricultural Inoculants Market.

In conclusion, the science behind agricultural inoculants represents a convergence of ecology, microbiology, and biotechnology aimed at enhancing soil health and agricultural sustainability. Through symbiotic interactions with plants, these microbial formulations promote nutrient cycling, disease suppression, and environmental resilience, driving market growth in the Agricultural Inoculants Market. As scientific understanding deepens and technological advancements accelerate, the potential of agricultural inoculants to revolutionize farming practices and promote global food security becomes increasingly apparent.

[polashfjd44]

Green chemistry and environmental chemistry 

Exploring the Difference Between Green Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry

In the realm of science dedicated to preserving our planet, two terms frequently surface: green chemistry and environmental chemistry. While they might seem synonymous at first glance, a closer examination reveals distinctive focuses and methodologies. Understanding the nuances between these disciplines is crucial for comprehending their contributions to sustainability and environmental protection.

Green chemistry, often referred to as sustainable chemistry, revolves around the design and development of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Its primary objective is to minimize the environmental impact of chemical processes throughout their entire lifecycle, from production to disposal. Green chemistry aims to achieve this by embracing principles such as waste prevention, atom economy, energy efficiency, and the use of renewable feedstocks.

On the other hand, environmental chemistry is concerned with studying the chemical processes occurring in the environment, including air, water, soil, and living organisms. It investigates the sources, reactions, transport, fate, and effects of chemical species in these systems. Environmental chemists analyze pollutants, assess their impact on ecosystems and human health, and develop strategies for remediation and pollution prevention.

While both green chemistry and environmental chemistry share the overarching goal of promoting sustainability and reducing pollution, they diverge in their scopes and approaches. Green chemistry primarily focuses on the proactive design of chemicals and processes to prevent pollution at the source, emphasizing innovation and efficiency. In contrast, environmental chemistry adopts a broader perspective, encompassing the study of existing pollutants, their behavior in the environment, and strategies for mitigating their adverse effects.

One key green chemistry and environmental chemistry lies in their temporal and spatial scales. Green chemistry tends to concentrate on the molecular and industrial levels, emphasizing the development of greener alternatives and technologies within specific chemical processes or products. In contrast, environmental chemistry operates on larger scales, examining the dispersion and transformation of pollutants across ecosystems and over extended periods.

Another differentiating factor is the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration involved. Green chemistry often integrates principles from various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, engineering, and materials science, to design sustainable solutions. Environmental chemistry, while interdisciplinary to some extent, frequently interfaces with fields such as ecology, toxicology, and public health to assess the broader ecological and human health implications of chemical pollution.

Despite their distinctions, green chemistry and environmental chemistry are inherently interconnected. Green chemistry principles contribute to the advancement of environmentally benign technologies, which, in turn, inform the work of environmental chemists in understanding and mitigating pollution. Collaboration between practitioners of both disciplines is essential for addressing complex environmental challenges comprehensively.

In conclusion, while green chemistry and environmental chemistry share common objectives, they differ in their scopes, methodologies, and scales of operation. Green chemistry focuses on proactive design to minimize chemical pollution, whereas environmental chemistry investigates existing pollutants and their environmental impacts. Recognizing and appreciating these differences is crucial for harnessing the synergies between the two disciplines and advancing towards a more sustainable future.

[rohitpalan]

Explosive Growth Projected: IR Spectroscopy Market Set to Surpass US$ 1.1 Billion in 2023

In 2023, it is anticipated that the size of the global IR spectroscopy market will achieve a valuation of US$ 1.1 billion. It is predicted to surge at a steady CAGR of 6.0% from 2023 to 2033.

According to Future Market Insights (FMI), the IR spectroscopy industry is anticipated to have an absolute dollar potential of US$ 840 million during the research period. By 2033, it is most likely to be worth more than US$ 1.9 billion.

One of the main reasons for the rising IR spectroscopy demand is its critical role in the production of medications and therapeutics. Demand is expected to increase due to the need to characterize complex chemical structures and the growing importance of precision medicine.

In order to ensure the quality, purity, and safety of medicinal compounds, researchers might want to test them fast and effectively. As pharmaceutical regulations become more stringent, there will likely be an increased need for precise and powerful analytical techniques such as IR spectroscopy.

The Development of IR spectroscopy has been sparked by initiatives to advance sustainability and protect the environment across several businesses. Food manufacturing, agriculture, and ecological surveillance sectors are expected to employ this technique.

It will be used to monitor toxins, analyze soil conditions, and determine food’s nutritional value. By providing rapid and non-destructive analysis, IR spectroscopy would support activities that conserve resources and promote sustainability.

Supercharge Your Knowledge: Dive into the Booming IR Spectroscopy Market with Our Sample Report! https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-17871

IR spectroscopy is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its ability to characterize and identify materials at the molecular level. It is anticipated to be in high demand in the manufacturing and material science industries.

It might aid in quality control, ensuring that products meet specifications and perform at their peak. Due to its non-intrusiveness and ability to evaluate diverse materials, this technology has been implemented into several industrial processes.

As research in fields such as biological sciences, chemistry, and biochemistry progresses, demand for innovative analytical tools such as IR spectroscopy might rise. Researchers would hence try to understand fundamental chemical processes.

Key Takeaways from IR Spectroscopy Market Study:

The global IR spectroscopy industry recorded a CAGR of around 7.8% in the historical period from 2018 to 2022.

Japan IR spectroscopy industry is projected to witness a CAGR of 5.9% in the evaluation period.

South Korea IR spectroscopy industry is likely to create an incremental opportunity of around US$ 42.8 million in the review period.

Based on product type, the benchtop segment is anticipated to witness a CAGR of about 5.8% in the assessment period.

In terms of end use, the healthcare and pharmaceuticals segment registered a CAGR of 7.6% between 2018 and 2022.

“Unlike several other processes that need labeling or sample modification, IR spectroscopy does not require the use of labels. This might make sure that the outcomes are a true reflection of the typical behavior of biological molecules by preserving their original condition. It is expected to pave the way to success for leading companies.” – Says a lead analyst at Future Market Insights (FMI).

Competitive Landscape

To deliver cutting-edge spectroscopic equipment, leading IR spectroscopy vendors are investing significantly in research and development. They are focusing on enhancing robotics, solutions, as well as device responsiveness. Researchers would be able to conduct more accurate and productive analyses as a result.

By developing small and portable IR spectrometers, suppliers can address the demand for on-site analysis across sectors, including those that deal with food, medicine, and environmental monitoring. Demand for rapid and immediate outcomes is on the rise, and this agility can help.

Providers are also creating user-friendly software solutions that make understanding, comprehension, and presentation of data easier. Researchers can quickly comprehend complex spectroscopic data and draw meaningful inferences from it with the help of user-friendly software.

Are you curious as to how we source our information? Request for full report methodology now! https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/request-report-methodology/rep-gb-17871

For instance,

Bruker Optics introduced the MOBILE-IR II in July 2023. It is a compact, battery-operated Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer that provides superior spectral performance for laboratory table-top equipment. This sturdy, portable spectrometer will enable users worldwide to carry common and uncommon FT-IR applications into the field.

Get More Valuable Insights into the IR Spectroscopy Market Report

In the latest report, Future Market Insights (FMI) has offered an unbiased analysis of the global IR spectroscopy market. The IR spectroscopy industry is segmented based on product type (benchtop, micro, hyphenated, and portable), end use (healthcare & pharmaceuticals, chemicals, biological research, environmental, and others), and regions.

#IR Spectroscopy Market

[xtruss]

New Study On Decomposing Microbes Could Help Transform Forensic Science

— By Colorado State University | February 12, 2024

Credit: CC0 Public Domain

For the first time, researchers have identified what appears to be a network of approximately 20 microbes that universally drive the decomposition of animal flesh. The findings have significant implications for the future of forensic science, including the potential to provide crime scene investigators with a more precise way to determine a body's time of death.

"It's really cool that there are these microbes that always show up to decompose animal remains," said Colorado State University Associate Professor Jessica Metcalf, the senior author on the new work published in Nature Microbiology. "Hopefully, we're busting open this whole new area of ecological research."

Decomposition of dead biological material is one of Earth's most fundamental processes. Organic plant waste accounts for the vast majority of matter that is decomposed, a process that is relatively well understood. Comparatively little, however, is known about the ecology of vertebrate decomposition, including humans, and better understanding how humans decompose has the potential to advance forensic science.

This new study, a multi-year undertaking, involved decomposing 36 cadavers at three different forensic anthropological facilities—the University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Sam Houston State University; and Colorado Mesa University. The bodies were decomposed in different climates and during all four seasons. The research team then collected skin and soil samples during the first 21 days for each decomposing body.

Metcalf and her colleagues generated a significant amount of molecular and genomic information from the samples. They then used that information to construct an overall picture of the "microbial community," or microbiome, present at each site. "Essentially," Metcalf said, "what microbes are there, how did they get there, how does that change over time and what are they doing."

Surprisingly, she said, regardless of climate or soil type, researchers found the same set of approximately 20 specialist decomposing microbes on all 36 bodies. What's more, those microbes arrived like clockwork at certain points throughout the 21-day observation period, and insects played a key role in their arrival.

"We see similar microbes arrive at similar times during decomposition, regardless of any number of outdoor variables you can think of," Metcalf said.

A Future In Forensics

Identifying the decomposing microbiome's consistent makeup and timing has important implications for forensic science.

Using machine learning techniques and data from the new study, as well as previous work, Metcalf and her collaborators—David Carter, professor of forensic sciences at Chaminade University of Honolulu, and Rob Knight, director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at the University of California San Diego—built a tool that can accurately predict a body's time since death, also known as the postmortem interval.

"When you're talking about investigating death scenes, there are very few types of physical evidence you can guarantee will be present at every scene," Carter said. "You never know if there will be fingerprints, or bloodstains or camera footage. But the microbes will always be there."

What's more, these microbes can be particularly useful, Carter said, under the types of conditions examined in the new study. "We're talking about outdoor death scenes," he said. "It can be difficult to gather information in those types of investigations."

The director of the National Institute of Justice, Nancy La Vigne, views the research as particularly promising. "One of the principal questions of any death investigation is 'when did this person die?'" La Vigne said. "This continuing line of ... research is showing promising results for predicting time of death of human remains, aiding in identification of the decedent, determining potential suspects and confirmation or refutation of alibis."

In addition to identifying the universal decomposers, the research team also attempted to determine where this microbial community came from. Notably, Metcalf said, they couldn't find the microbes in soil microbiome databases or catalogs of human skin and gut microbiomes. They did, however, find the universal decomposers on insects. "It seems like the insects are bringing the microbes in," Metcalf said.

Other Research Applications

These latest findings build on more than a decade of work by Metcalf, Carter and Knight, including an early study that involved decomposing mice on different soils in a controlled lab setting as well as a follow-up that involved decomposing four cadavers at the Sam Houston State facility. Zach Burcham, a former CSU postdoctoral student in Metcalf's lab, helped lead the latest work.

"This research was a huge collaborative effort from a diverse team of highly knowledgeable scientists—a shining example of what can be accomplished when interdisciplinary teams join forces towards a common goal," Burcham said. "This dataset is truly one of a kind, with broad-ranging impacts from microbial ecology to forensic science."

In addition to the forensic applications, Metcalf sees other opportunities to put this new information to use. "I see a lot of potential applications across agriculture and food industries," said Metcalf, who is in CSU's Department of Animal Sciences.

Metcalf also intends to expand her research in this field, including potentially looking at the differences in the microbial ecology of small and large vertebrates. "I feel like we're opening a whole lot of avenues in basic ecology and nutrient cycling," Metcalf said.

#Biology 🧬 🧪 | Ecology | Cell & Microbiology 🧫 #Nanotechnology | Physics | Earth 🌍 | Astronomy 🔭 🪐 & Space #Chemistry ⚛️ 🧪 | Biology 🧬 🧪 | Other Sciences | Medicine 💊 | Technology #Phys.Org #Colorado State University | Fort Collins | Colorado | USA 🇺🇸

[sanjaylodh]

this is life here

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Trees do photosynthesis

animals release carbon dioxide

trees release oxygen

Oxygen is the world of living beings

Oxygen is the world of living beings

Trees do photosynthesis

animals release carbon dioxide

trees release oxygen

Oxygen is the world of living beings

Oxygen is the world of living beings

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Life is of many species

Lives also increase

live life by eating living beings

This is the process of living

This is the process of living

Life is of many species

Lives also increase

live life by eating living beings

This is the process of living

This is the process of living

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

It is said that this earth is the only place where life exists.

There is no life preserver like Earth anywhere in this entire solar system.

Yes, but there is one truth for which there is no alternative.

That's life, we live by eating life.

You know friends, every life in the world is living by killing and eating every life.

What is population conservation and how is it created?

Environmental protection is a global issue with a plethora of protective legislation, enacted as transnational and national regulations and guidelines, aimed at sustainable use of water, soil, air, and biomass. These laws apply not only to the polluter but also to governments, national institutions, and individuals.

Populations, Species, and Conservation Genetics - PMC

National Institutes of Health (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC7150084

Conservation genetics is concerned with population genetic variation, population viability, and the future evolution of species. Conservation genetics, ecology, and habitat management together provide the technical underpinnings of conservation biology, a crisis-oriented science of biodiversity management. Still in its infancy, conservation genetics focuses on the characterization of variation in populations and species and on the management of innate levels of variation in evolutionarily significant units in nature and in their captive or managed analogs. Conservation genetic methods are borrowed from evolutionary biology and molecular genetics and are under development. Although some genetic management principles flow directly from current evolutionary theory, several key scientific problems remain to be solved before we can effectively deal with the issues presented by the biodiversity crisis. Although single-species ecological methods have dominated conservation management practice, it is clear that maintaining the future evolvability of species will require greater genetic intervention in the future. Conservation genetics is thus a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation.

What is meant by environmental protection?

Environmental protection - Wikipedia

April 2022) Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, groups and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where it is possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.

What is the origin of conservation biology?

The term conservation biology and its conception as a new field originated with the convening of "The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology" held at the University of California, San Diego in La Jolla, California, in 1978 led by American biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E.

What is environmental protection essay?

Essay on Environmental Protection

Environmental protection is a practice that aims to protect the natural environment from the hands of individuals, organizations, and governments. It is the need of the hour because the Earth's environment is deteriorating every day, and the reasons are human beings.12 Oct 2020

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Trees do photosynthesis

animals release carbon dioxide

trees release oxygen

Oxygen is the world of living beings

Oxygen is the world of living beings

Trees do photosynthesis

animals release carbon dioxide

trees release oxygen

Oxygen is the world of living beings

Oxygen is the world of living beings

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Life is of many species

Lives also increase

live life by eating living beings

This is the process of living

This is the process of living

Life is of many species

Lives also increase

live life by eating living beings

This is the process of living

This is the process of living

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

this is life here

the means to survive are here

This water and that ray

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Where will we find the right earth without it?

Translate Hindi

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

पेड़ों ने करें प्रकाशसंश्लेषण

कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड छोड़े प्राणियों

पेड़ छोड़े ऑक्सीजन

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

पेड़ों ने करें प्रकाशसंश्लेषण

कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड छोड़े प्राणियों

पेड़ छोड़े ऑक्सीजन

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

बहुत जाति प्रजाति का है जीवन

बढ़ भी जाता है जिंदगियां

जीते है जीवन जीवों को खाकर

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

बहुत जाति प्रजाति का है जीवन

बढ़ भी जाता है जिंदगियां

जीते है जीवन जीवों को खाकर

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

कहते हैं यह धरती ही है जहां जीवन की अस्तित्व है

इस संपूर्ण सौरमंडल में धरती जैसा जीवन संरक्षक कहीं भी नहीं है

हाँ मगर एक सच्चाई है जिस सच्चाई का कोई विकल्पता नहीं है

वो है जीवन जीते है जीवन को ही खाकर

आपको पता है दोस्तों दुनिया में हर एक जीवन हर एक वक्त हर वो एक जीवन को मारकर खाकर जी रहे है

यह आबादी संरक्षण क्या है कैसे बनते है

पर्यावरण संरक्षण एक वैश्विक मुद्दा है जिसमें ढेर सारे सुरक्षात्मक कानून हैं, जिन्हें अंतरराष्ट्रीय और राष्ट्रीय नियमों और दिशानिर्देशों के रूप में अधिनियमित किया गया है, जिसका उद्देश्य पानी, मिट्टी, हवा और बायोमास का स्थायी उपयोग है। ये कानून न केवल प्रदूषकों पर बल्कि सरकारों, राष्ट्रीय संस्थानों और व्यक्तियों पर भी लागू होते हैं।

जनसंख्या, प्रजातियाँ और संरक्षण आनुवंशिकी - पीएमसी

राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य संस्थान (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › लेख › PMC7150084

संरक्षण आनुवंशिकी का संबंध जनसंख्या आनुवंशिक भिन्नता, जनसंख्या व्यवहार्यता और प्रजातियों के भविष्य के विकास से है। संरक्षण आनुवंशिकी, पारिस्थितिकी और आवास प्रबंधन मिलकर संरक्षण जीव विज्ञान, जैव विविधता प्रबंधन के संकट-उन्मुख विज्ञान की तकनीकी नींव प्रदान करते हैं। अभी भी अपनी प्रारंभिक अवस्था में, संरक्षण आनुवंशिकी आबादी और प्रजातियों में भिन्नता के लक्षण वर्णन और प्रकृति में विकासात्मक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण इकाइयों और उनके कैप्टिव या प्रबंधित एनालॉग्स में भिन्नता के जन्मजात स्तरों के प्रबंधन पर केंद्रित है। संरक्षण आनुवंशिक विधियाँ विकासवादी जीव विज्ञान और आणविक आनुवंशिकी से उधार ली गई हैं और विकास के अधीन हैं। हालाँकि कुछ आनुवंशिक प्रबंधन सिद्धांत सीधे वर्तमान विकासवादी सिद्धांत से आते हैं, जैव विविधता संकट द्वारा प्रस्तुत मुद्दों से प्रभावी ढंग से निपटने से पहले कई प्रमुख वैज्ञानिक समस्याओं का समाधान किया जाना बाकी है। यद्यपि एकल-प्रजाति पारिस्थितिक तरीकों ने संरक्षण प्रबंधन अभ्यास पर प्रभुत्व जमा लिया है, यह स्पष्ट है कि प्रजातियों की भविष्य की विकास क्षमता को बनाए रखने के लिए भविष्य में अधिक आनुवंशिक हस्तक्षेप की आवश्यकता होगी। इस प्रकार संरक्षण आनुवंशिकी जैव विविधता संरक्षण की आधारशिला है।

पर्यावरण संरक्षण से क्या तात्पर्य है?

पर्यावरण संरक्षण - विकिपीडिया

अप्रैल 2022) पर्यावरण संरक्षण व्यक्तियों, समूहों और सरकारों द्वारा प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण की रक्षा करने की प्रथा है। इसका उद्देश्य प्राकृतिक संसाधनों और मौजूदा प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण का संरक्षण करना है और जहां संभव हो, क्षति की मरम्मत करना और रुझानों को उलटना है।

संरक्षण जीव विज्ञान की उत्पत्ति क्या है?

संरक्षण जीव विज्ञान शब्द और एक नए क्षेत्र के रूप में इसकी अवधारणा की उत्पत्ति 1978 में अमेरिकी जीवविज्ञानी ब्रूस ए के नेतृत्व में कैलिफोर्निया विश्वविद्यालय, ला जोला, सैन डिएगो में आयोजित "संरक्षण जीव विज्ञान में अनुसंधान पर पहला अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन" के आयोजन से हुई थी। . विलकॉक्स और माइकल ई.

पर्यावरण संरक्षण निबंध क्या है?

पर्यावरण संरक्षण पर निबंध

पर्यावरण संरक्षण एक ऐसी प्रथा है जिसका उद्देश्य प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण को व्यक्तियों, संगठनों और सरकारों के हाथों से बचाना है। यह समय की मांग है क्योंकि पृथ्वी का पर्यावरण हर दिन खराब हो रहा है और इसका कारण इंसान हैं।12 अक्टूबर 2020

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

पेड़ों ने करें प्रकाशसंश्लेषण

कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड छोड़े प्राणियों

पेड़ छोड़े ऑक्सीजन

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

पेड़ों ने करें प्रकाशसंश्लेषण

कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड छोड़े प्राणियों

पेड़ छोड़े ऑक्सीजन

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

ऑक्सीजन ही है जीवों की दुनिया

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

बहुत जाति प्रजाति का है जीवन

बढ़ भी जाता है जिंदगियां

जीते है जीवन जीवों को खाकर

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

बहुत जाति प्रजाति का है जीवन

बढ़ भी जाता है जिंदगियां

जीते है जीवन जीवों को खाकर

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

यही तो है जीने की प्रक्रिया

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

यह जीवन है यहां

है जीने की उपादान यहाँ

यह पानी और वो किरण

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

सही सा धरती बिना मिलेगा कहाँ

#google #nasa #youtube

[evoldir]

Fwd: Job: SmithsonianInst.BiologicalTechnician

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Job: SmithsonianInst.BiologicalTechnician > Date: 7 October 2023 at 10:00:28 BST > To: [email protected] > > > > > Biological Technician > Full Time, Paid, with Benefits > Open until 10/20/2023. > > Location: This position is based at the Smithsonian Environmental Research > Center (SERC) in Edgewater, Maryland. SERC is a research center of the > Smithsonian Institution, located on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay, > approximately 10 miles south of Annapolis, 40 miles west of Washington > D.C., and 40 miles south of Baltimore. The 2,650-acre SERC campus > contains a laboratory and office complex, as well as educational and > waterfront facilities. > > Starting Salary: $64,957/year plus benefits > > Schedule: Monday-Friday schedule, 8 hours/day, full time > > Description: The Molecular Ecology lab at the Smithsonian Environmental > Research Center (SERC), led by Dr. Melissa McCormick, is recruiting a > full-time federal research technician. Our lab explores ecological and > evolutionary questions (https://ift.tt/BNMufiq) > involving symbiotic associations between plants and fungi, effects of > anthropogenic changes on plants, and effects of invasive species on plant > communities and ecosystems. Our research projects occur in field, lab, and > greenhouse settings and include ecological genetics and genomics, fungal > culturing, and field-based experiments. The technician will be based at > SERC and will participate in collaborative projects investigating the > impacts of symbioses on the functioning of plant, fungal, and bacterial > communities. The technician will also be responsible for maintaining > a multi-user genomics lab. SERC is a vibrant community of scientists > set within a 1,027 hectare field-site, and located near the Annapolis, > MD and Washington, DC metro areas. > > Lab duties will include sample processing, culturing fungi and plants, > routine molecular tasks (e.g., DNA extraction, PCR, DNA visualization, > sequencing, genotyping), and next generation sequencing library > prep. In addition, the technician will be responsible for day-to-day > lab organization, maintenance, and safety under the direction of the > PI, including supply inventory and ordering, maintaining lab records > (hardcopy and digital), and working collaboratively with other lab > members. Field and greenhouse duties will include plant population > monitoring, root and soil collection, measurement of environmental > parameters, seed preparation, experimental set-up and monitoring, and > data entry. Occasional travel for fieldwork and training of interns and > other staff members in lab and field techniques is also expected. > > Minimum qualifications include one year of specialized experience > equivalent to at least the GS-07 level in the federal service or > comparable pay band system. For this position specialized experience is > defined as: General academic training with a minimum of a baccalaureate > in Ecology, Biology, Molecular Biology, Plant Ecology or equivalent with > demonstrated professional experience in completing laboratory and field > tasks as they relate to molecular and field ecology, data management, > bacterial and/or fungal culturing, and ecological genetics. > > The Smithsonian Institution is an equal opportunity employer, committed > to a policy of non-discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, > sex, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, age, religion, > and disability. The SERC community recognizes the value of diversity > in promoting innovative science and creative solutions, and we strongly > encourage candidates from all backgrounds to apply. > > Applications for this position will be accepted through the USAJobs > portal from https://ift.tt/XOZGWpr. > > Melissa McCormick, PhD (she, her, hers) > Ecologist > Smithsonian Environmental Research Center > 647 Contees Wharf Rd. > Edgewater, MD 21037 > Ph: 443-482-2433 > https://ift.tt/BNMufiq > > > "McCormick, Melissa"

#IFTTT #Email

[biofeedinc]

From Lab to Land: How Biotechnology Fertilizers Are Changing Farming

The world's population is steadily growing, and with it, the demand for food is increasing at an unprecedented rate. To meet this ever-growing demand, agriculture must adapt and evolve. While successful in the past, traditional farming practices are facing challenges like never before – climate change, soil degradation, and the need for sustainable farming solutions.

Biotechnology fertilizers have emerged as a game-changing innovation, bridging the gap between laboratory research and practical agriculture.

In this blog, we will explore how these fertilizers are revolutionizing farming practices and shaping the future of agriculture.

The Biotechnology Fertilizer Revolution

Biotechnology fertilizers are revolutionary for enhancing crop productivity, soil health, and sustainability. Contrary to conventional fertilizers, which frequently include synthetic chemicals, these fertilizers use advanced molecular biology, genetic engineering, and live microbes to produce highly effective and environmentally benign solutions.

The Role of Microorganisms

Beneficial microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, are at the core of these new era fertilizers. These bacteria have the unique capacity to develop symbiotic partnerships with plants, which improve nutrient uptake, soil structure, and pest and disease resistance.

Benefits of Biotechnology Fertilizers

Let's delve into the ways biotechnological fertilizers are changing the face of farming:

Enhanced Nutrient Uptake

Biotechnology fertilizers contain excellent microorganisms that solubilize and transform soil nutrients into forms that plants may easily absorb. This enhanced nutrient uptake results in healthier plants and improved yields.

Soil Health Restoration

Degradation of the soil may result from ongoing usage of synthetic fertilizers. By encouraging beneficial soil microbes, enhancing soil structure, and lowering the demand for chemical inputs, these fertilizers aim to reverse this trend. 

Pest and Disease Resistance

These fertilizers, made up of biotechnology, have various types of microorganisms that help protect plants against pests and diseases. However, in addition to cutting the need for artificial pesticides, natural defense mechanisms encourage a healthier, more balanced ecology in agricultural fields. 

Reduced Environmental Impact

Fertilizers made with biotechnology are the best alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers for the environment. These fertilizers have lessened the possibility of fertilizer runoff into water bodies, cut back on greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced agriculture's environmental impact. 

Drought Resistance

These advanced fertilizers are designed to improve a plant's resistance to drought. These fertilizers are specially made for areas with common water scarcity and unpredictable rainfall patterns. Thus, this quality is very essential. 

Sustainable Agriculture

Biotechnological fertilizers are positioned as a crucial part of sustainable agriculture as global environmental concerns increase. They allow farmers to use fewer resources to produce more while using less artificial chemicals.

Challenges and Future Directions

While biotechnological fertilizers hold immense promise, they are not without challenges. Regulatory hurdles, public perception, and concerns about genetic engineering must be addressed to ensure their widespread adoption.

Additionally, ongoing research and innovation are crucial to unlock the full potential of biotechnological fertilizers. Scientists are continually developing new strains of beneficial microorganisms, optimizing delivery methods, and fine-tuning formulations to address specific agricultural challenges.

Conclusion

From lab to land, biotechnology fertilizers are reshaping the landscape of modern agriculture. This new era of fertilizers provides a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach to crop production that addresses the pressing challenges of our time, from soil degradation to climate change adaptation. 

With a growing global population and finite natural resources in the upcoming years, these fertilizers will represent a beacon of hope for food security, environmental conservation, and sustainable farming practices. 

Biofeed provides fertilizers which are designed to activate the microbes in your soil and stimulate them to increase your yield, stimulate better plant response, and make you more money at harvest. Visit us to know more. 

#biotechnology fertilizer #biofeed #biology #natural

[tittlesntattles]

Plastic, the loathing and the recycling thereof

Introduction In recent years people are more and more into detesting plastic and moving away from it and this (in a big part) is due to the harmful effects plastic has on the environment. This abhorrent feeling is aimed at all kinds of plastic like bottles, food containers, Styrofoam, straws etc. The harm plastic cause is done to landfills, ultimately harming the environment by releasing toxins into the soil. Let’s look further at all this plastic and the hatred aimed towards it The good People have wizened-up to the fact that plastic is bad for the environment. This is due to the fact that plastic is not really bio-degradable which means that most pieces of plastic from the mid to late 1900’s are still around today! Unlike some other materials turning into compost and ultimately completing the ecological cycle, plastic doesn’t exactly do this and that’s in addition to taking up huge amounts of space! Burning plastic is not a good idea as it releases toxic gases, which in turn destroys the ozone layer and as a result we are more exposed to the harmful effects of the sun’s rays. This means more people developing all sorts of skin cancer raising the mortality rates across the world. So reducing and ultimately replacing plastic is definitely a move in the right direction, but let’s look at this a little deeper. The bad Plastic is in more things than we realise! Let’s break this down into more understandable terms. Firstly, poly forms part of the plastic molecular structure from which plastic is derived. What I mean by “plastic molecular structure” is that poly is short for polymer. From this polymer molecule it gets changed to form different types of plastic. (Please bear in mind this is a very simple, almost dumbed down explanation) This means polyurethane, polyethylene, polyvinyl, poly are all forms of different types of plastic. So the paint that you use: if it shows poly as one of the ingredients on the container it has a derivative of plastic. PVA wood glue is polyvinyl acetate — that’s right Poly! So there’s a derivative of plastic from the poly molecular structure. Those are just two examples of the not so obvious plastic content found in products. Keep in mind though that this expands to other products we use as well which might not be that obvious to be related to plastic. This excludes examples of obvious plastic products we use and are familiar with. For instance, the plastic water pipes used around houses to direct rain water away and potable water into the house are (most of the time) plastic! The containers we are left with after eating that healthy yogurt or drinking that anti-oxidant smoothie is (most likely) plastic or has some plastic element to it. Not to mention the straw you used to get the delicious tasting smoothie into your mouth. Now let’s look at the flip-side of this same coin! Realistically speaking plastic is in almost everything we use and see around us today! But is suddenly banning all things plastic really the way forward? Is getting rid of plastic all at once really a viable option, not to mention sustainable? If plastic is suddenly banned from everyday life and replaced with alternatives, will these alternatives be any better? For instance, way back it was discovered that CFC gas in fridges destroys the ozone layer when released. This was, consequently, replaced with alternatives called HFC and HCFC gases in order to reduce this damage from CFC gas. Great! All’s well that ends well –right? Hmmmm not exactly if you read these….. HFC refrigerants and climate change & HCFC and climate change So the question (if plastic is suddenly banned) is: How much time was put into research of the replacement product to ensure we don’t perpetuate the situation or (God forbid) start a new trend that is equal or more harmful to the environment? The second point of just outright banning plastic is that we are looking at a huge amount of money in everyday circulation which will suddenly be wiped out! It is estimated that the plastic industry is in the region of 1.1 trillion dollars in 2016 and is reported to grow in the years to come! “Yeah? And? So what?” You might be thinking. “It’s only money!” Good points, but let’s put that into perspective! If we suddenly ban all things plastic that means factories producing chemicals to make plastic will shut their doors. Manufacturers of plastic products will shut theirs and shops selling these plastic products will shut theirs (or hugely reduce their variation of products on sale) and so on and so on. That might not sound so bad, but it is. All these places suddenly shutting their doors will mean that there will be huge amounts of people out of work and as we already know that if you have no work you have no money. With no money in your pocket you will not be able to eat nor will you be able to feed any dependents. This equates to famine of Biblical proportions! That’s not even considering the trillions of dollars suddenly cut out of the world economy and the effects that will have on things like the housing market, the car industry, the farmers who produce crops for people to eat — to name but a few. Then we need to keep other products in mind! Composition C — is an explosive. More accurately, this is a family of related US-specified plastic explosives! That’s right- PLASTIC explosives. So suddenly not being able to have the construction industry blow holes into mountains for trains, cars & buses to travel, we’re left with flying & hiking only as it could be fatal to try and build a road along the sides of the mountains. Not to mention how long this process will take compared to using explosives. Next up on the list is rubber-based products. Car tyres, rubber sole shoes are only 2 products. The list of rubber products goes on, but you get the idea. The ugly Now that we have covered the hate and the financial impacts of trying to rid the world from plastic, let’s look at this in today’s day and age and what is happening. Let’s focus on recycling. Unfortunately not all is well in the land of recycling and as a result we seem to be fighting a losing battle!  Exposed: How Amazon destroys millions of new items it can’t sell with everything from TVs to kitchen equipment, books and nappies dumped in landfill sites Now before you redirect your hate towards Amazon, please keep reading…. There are companies who have been “caught” for not living up to their agreements. These are companies who are “claiming” to be helping in that they recycle waste, but it turned out not all of them live up to that motto: We asked 3 companies to recycle Canadian plastic and secretly tracked it. Fortunately, this is not exactly true for all of these companies named in the above linked article, but it’s still bad enough. Of course, it is easy to say these companies need to step up to the table by doing more, but is it really that simple? So, part of combating pollution and in trying to do their bit for nature, some grocery shops have started banning single use plastic bags. This resulted in a new phenomenon: Bag ban has unwanted result & Countdown shopping baskets ‘gone for a walk’ as people take them home. This shows that it’s not a simple, clear-cut one size fits all solution when it comes to banning plastic! In NZ there is an organisation called ACC. ACC is an abbreviation for Accident Compensation Corporation and (in short) they provide cover for injuries sustained. However it’s been discovered that they have some answers to provide based on their fossil fuel investments: questioned over billion-dollar fossil fuel investments As most people know, plastic is interlinked with fossil fuels (over 99%) in that fossil fuels are used to produce the very plastic we use which, in turn, results in the very same pollution crises we are facing. Now we need to look at the companies behind plastic manufacturers: How Fossil Fuel Companies Are Killing Plastic Recycling They are most certainly not helping much with what we are trying do, however (as said earlier) it’s not that simple to just tell them to stop producing fossil fuel for plastic manufacturing! Even if they do stop producing fossil fuel for plastic manufacturing, most of the existing plastic taking up space in landfills works out to cost a significant amount to be trucked from one landfill to another: 100 tonnes of recycling trucked out of district Even though people might question the trucking of this plastic waste between landfills, it is a big eye opener to look at the shipping cost involved in conveying plastic. All the above does not even include the electronics industry and the waste they produce when creating new electronic devices! And now for the first time, recycled plastic has become more expensive It’s easy to start lashing out at these companies to do better, however another thing to keep in mind is the ethics behind it all. This is not just recycling, but also creating new products to help make the planet a better place! The ethics of electric vehicle batteries All this is just one side of the equation. Then we haven’t even covered fridge gases released when recycling old fridges and not to mention building waste! Let alone the latest craze of “fast fashion” filling up landfills or enforcing greenhouse gas emission bills on the farming industry: Farmers’ greenhouse gas emissions bill will lead to higher food prices Technically these do not constitute towards plastic pollution, but it still exacerbates the problems we are facing. And more countries are refusing to accept plastic: China stopped accepting plastic & Indonesia vows to send back contaminated plastic waste to New Zealand Granted some readers might think that with China, one might convince them to accept the plastic, but it looks like this time around China is at least stepping up to the plate by sticking to their ban On top of all these mentioned issues, there’s yet another challenge — Recyclers face ‘mountains’ of abandoned bikes Even though it could be said that this is not so bad as most of the bike parts can be recycled, the problems are 1) the space these bicycles take up while waiting to be recycled. 2) the potential hazards it causes to nature while waiting to be stripped and recycled. 3) the consideration of how much new waste is created (like the paint stripped off the frames etc.)? Also keep in mind that there could be parts that might not be recyclable which begs the question: What will happen to these parts? I guess it’s safe to say that these bicycle recycling efforts should be commended, although there is also another glimmer of hope: McDonald’s to recycle used cups and turn them into cup holders. This is some good news, although this makes reference to McDonalds only and not other fast-food places. As also stated in the article, this is only a trial for now. Great idea and good on them for trying, as doing a little is better than doing nothing at all in our fight against plastic & pollution, but for how long will this last and what is the long term plan? In addition to McDonald’s efforts, Ireland has also stepped up to the plate with the first reverse vending machine that allows people to recycle plastic bottles in return for 10c vouchers This article raises a few questions though! Who pays for the 10c that people get back? This has to be levied somewhere which means that once again the people are paying extra for this. Then we need to look at how many bottles make it to the vending machine compared to how many bottles are thrown away? What ultimately happens to the vending machine bottles? At some point these bottles have to reach end of life from all the recycling (like everything else in this world) and this makes me wonder if there is a proper process in place to get rid of the old unusable plastic? I mean get rid of the old unusable plastic in an environmentally friendly manner. These questions are only asked around the plastic bottles. We also need to ask questions around the vending machines. For instance, how much waste is created when producing these machines and (more importantly) when the vending machine reaches end of life, how much of the parts are recyclable? And those parts that are not recyclable, how much damage do they cause to the environment? Last but most certainly not least, we have a knight in shining armour: 4Ocean These guys are doing tremendous work whereby they remove plastic waste (most of it from oceans)! It is definitely worth visiting their website and giving them huge amounts of support. They have removed tonnes of plastic waste from our beautiful oceans. This is not just cleaning up the oceans so we can enjoy swimming and surfing, but it in turn also helps the creatures who have to live in these polluted oceans. So many of these creatures are dying from getting plastic stuck in their mouths or stomachs which means that these situations takes us closer to watching more species becoming extinct! In conclusion From the looks of it, not only has the human race dug itself into a deep, “plastic” hole, it has done so in a catch-22 way. What do I mean by that? As I said above: to suddenly ban all things plastic will not be such a great idea due to the greater effects it will have on different industries and markets. To continue like we’ve done is not an option either! We will just hasten the harmful effects of plastic on the environment ultimately destroying our beautiful planet and in turn destroy ourselves! That’s the catch 22 part. The hole we’re in is that we’ve gone in this devastating direction for so long that to suddenly replace plastic with something similar yet more bio-degradable will require a significant amount of research and development to ensure we are 1) not creating a product more harmful to the planet 2) not taking too long with this R&D that by the time we have something going it is too late One suggestion to help save the planet is to cut ourselves off from all the things this world has to offer, in other words have a more vicarious existence. Now that might be a suggestion albeit not a good one, because this is going completely against the nature of humans. The point is that if there is a river, humans would want to cross it, if there is a mountain, humans would want to climb it i.e. conquer & overcome challenges. Another suggestion is investing millions into reducing plastic waste Who will ultimately fund this, I have no idea! So with all the above in mind I guess the lesson is to re-program our mindsets to be more aware of what we use and where/how we can re-use something to stop it from going to the landfill. In doing so, we can prolong the life of these items and keep them out of landfills for a longer period. Of course this is not a solution nor is it a long term solution, but at least this can be used as a first step towards becoming more aware of our usage, waste & our environment. Just to quickly clarify my point: Instead of chucking that plastic bottle or lolly wrapper out the car window just so you can feel good about driving in a clean car, think twice and try to hang on to that plastic waste until you can put it into a recycling bin if you’re not able to re-use it somewhere else. Throwing it out the window, you’re just soothing your mind by shifting your responsibility onto someone else. That someone else is not necessarily a local council’s cleaner who can pick that plastic up before it gets blown away by the wind and ends up in a stream or some open land. In short — think before you pollute! Read the full article

#ocean #planet #plastic #pollute #pollution

[myfeeds]

Short-term bang of fireworks has long-term impact on wildlife

The new research, published in Pacific Conservation Biology, examined the environmental toll of firework displays by reviewing the ecological effects of Diwali festivities in India, Fourth of July celebrations across the United States of America, and other events in New Zealand and parts of Europe. Examples included fireworks in Spanish festivals impacting the breeding success of House Sparrows, July firework displays being implicated in the decline of Brandt’s Cormorant colonies in California, and South American sea lions changing their behaviour during breeding season as a result of New Year’s fireworks in Chile. Lead author Associate Professor Bill Bateman, from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences, said fireworks remained globally popular despite the overwhelming evidence that they negatively impacted wildlife, domestic animals and the environment. “Fireworks create short-term noise and light disturbances that cause distress in domestic animals that may be managed before or after a firework event, but the impacts to wildlife can be on a much larger scale,” Associate Professor Bateman said. “The annual timing of some large-scale firework events coincides with the migratory or reproductive movements of wildlife, and may therefore have adverse long-term population effects on them. Fireworks also produce significant pulses of highly pollutant materials that also contribute significantly to the chemical pollution of soil, water, and air, which has implications for human as well as animal health.” Associate Professor Bateman said firework bans at sensitive periods for wildlife migration or mating periods could limit the impact, as well as drone or other light-based shows. “Other than horses, for which there is some evidence that they can be gradually familiarised with flashes of light, there is very little that can be done to address the disturbing impact of noise from fireworks on animals and wildlife,” Associate Professor Bateman said. “The future of firework displays may be in the use of safer and greener alternatives such as drones, eco-friendly fireworks or visible-wavelength lasers for light shows. “There is growing evidence that these community events can be managed in a sustainable way and it’s clear that out-dated firework displays need to be replaced by cleaner options that are not harmful to wildlife and the environment.”

[schwartzfrederiksen94]

Biochemically Controlled Marrow Excitement by Hindering TGF-β1 Together with DNA Common Management Results in Hyaline-like Cartilage Repair: The Bunny Osteochondral Trouble Design

Comparable dangers had been worked out by way of a Poisson Product. Results: In total, 1419 people had been recently informed they have gMALT, works with a great chance involving 2.41/100,000/year. GC ended up being clinically determined within Thirty-four (Only two.4%) sufferers from the cohort. Individuals with gMALT a sixfold improved risk with regard to GC in comparison with the typical populace (g < Zero.001). This kind of danger ended up being Sixteen.Six times greater within gMALT patients aged involving Forty-five along with 59 decades compared to your Dutch inhabitants (g < 2.001). Conclusions: GC danger within individuals using gMALT can be half a dozen times more than from the Nederlander populace and war-rants precise re-evaluation following treatment and diagnosis regarding gMALT. (Chemical) '08 Elsevier Limited. Most legal rights set-aside.Radiotherapy takes on a crucial role from the multidisciplinary remedy involving dangerous cutaneous cancer malignancy. Radiotherapy provides long-term local manage pertaining to individuals together with inoperable tumors or perhaps microscopic/macroscopic continuing disease soon after surgery resection. Additionally postoperative radiotherapy associated with localized lymph nodes cuts down on risk of the lymphatic system recurrence. Inside modern care radiotherapy cuts down on signs or symptoms a result of metastases and thus adds to the standard of living regarding people.History: Coal tar is really a complicated Wiki mix of over One hundred this website substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, phenolic in addition to NSO-heterocyclic ingredients (HAC). A number of these are associated with human and also ecological threat. Details in regards to the environmental fate of fossil fuel tar ingredients, aside from the Sixteen PAHs detailed because concern materials from the US-EPA, can be tight. In today's study, cardiovascular degradation this website associated with savoury black acrylic constituents inside five in times past polluted earth ended up being checked under clinical conditions employing two-dimensional extensive GC2/ MS. Benefits: Fifty-four perfumed compounds ended up detected in a single investigation. Deterioration actions of human materials was firm by simply their hydrophobicity, molecular dimension, amount of alkylation as well as isomeric conformation. Eight materials, including six to eight US-EPA PAHs and two benzofluorene isomers, had been determined in 9 out of ten garden soil as primary elements from the recurring toxins soon after wreckage. Bottom line: Using GC2/ Milliseconds to show the degradation behavior of unique coal black ingredients and making use of PCA to distinguish pollutants resistance against bacterial wreckage works well for the actual marketing associated with bioremediation procedures from contaminated web sites. Copyright (c) Next year Modern society involving Compound IndustryTrends within tb (TB) admission more than Forty years in the Catching Diseases Hospital involving Perugia University Hospital, Perugia, Croatia, show during the last decade non-Italian TB case admission outweighed that regarding Italians, having a large numbers of circumstances coming from Asian The european countries (25.

[microcosmicworld]

The Iceberg role on Earth 🌐. The snow keeps the soil on Earth warm. The plants the flora the microbes.

If the ice melts the Earth could be cooler not warmer.

Exchange of hydrogen properties from solid to water 🌊 to a wind 💨 air.

Natural chemical balance of elements.

Which organisation monitors element balance on Earth?

How animals and mankind and flora contribute to changing balance?

Homework question.

Which part of the body makes you lose body temperature the most? In a cold environment. In a hot environment we need cooling that part of the body.

Strictly ecological society is needed scientific explorers test sample of nature keep the balance of molecular hierarchy. It is mankind duty to dominate animal world control flora and control self in reproduction.

🤺🇬🇧

[nothingman]

#IFTTT #Feedly #Nothingman uses Feedly

[camelschool0]

Green Cleansing Vacation Leases Appears Like New Cleaning And Janitorial

Once again on the soap method for a month or so, my skin once more cleared. Later, I ran out of soap throughout a stormy weekend and used up the final of the detergent as a substitute. My face is happier and healthier with cleaning soap, and so is the baby’s bottom. Instead of bleach, I use about half a cup of borax in a five-gallon bucket of heat water. This strategy doesn’t take away stains quite in addition to bleaching does, but—again—I’m keen to place up with the stains in trade for not having bleach in the house or within the sewage system. The borax eliminates the scent just as effectively, and our youngsters have had no issues with diaper rash. The larger price of these merchandise has kept many customers away, in accordance with a survey by market research company Packaged Facts. Green cleansing may be defined as the use of cleaning products, tools, equipment and methods that shield the health of constructing occupants, decrease the total price of cleansing, and stop environmental harm. For cleansing to be 'green', the products must successfully remove pollutants and pathogens from the building without introducing new dangers to occupants. Green cleansing methods are extremely necessary to ensure the merchandise, tools, and tools are used properly. From the health of your shoppers and workers, to your business’ ecological footprint, green cleansing reduces pollutants in the surroundings. You can find washing soda in the laundry part of your grocery store or online. Many green products do choose up grease and grime as well as conventional cleaners, as proven by the growing variety of them on the cabinets of major supermarket chains. Reprocess all reusable supplies and equipment in a dedicated area that isn't used for different functions (i.e., reprocessing of cleansing gear ought to never be performed in handwashing sinks). Slaughterhouse Cleaning And Sanitation Chlorinated detergents are most frequently used to clean protein residues. In the meals business, proteins are by far essentially the most troublesome soils to remove. In reality, casein is used for its adhesive properties in many glues and paints. It is essential to rinse food-contact surfaces previous to cleaning to remove many of the soluble soil. Improper cleansing can actually contribute to build-up of soil. Under sure situations, microorgranisms can type invisible movies on surfaces. Biofilms could be difficult to remove and usually require cleaners in addition to sanitizers with robust oxidizing properties. It is crucial that personnel involved have an understanding of the character of the soil to be removed earlier than choosing a detergent or cleansing regime. The pores in the membranes are sized in order that water molecules move though, but all particulates as properly as bigger molecules are eliminated. 清潔公司 of filter is often rated by molecular measurement rather than by microns. However, because RO models are susceptible to fouling if turbidity levels are elevated, continuous operation during a boil water event may be difficult to accomplish without acceptable pretreatment. A boil water response is NOT acceptable when chemical contamination is present. Roadside springs usually are not a positive source of protected ingesting water, since they are seldom monitored and no one is in command of preserving them secure. Roadside spring water that's used for consuming or food preparation should be boiled earlier than use. The guiding ideas in sterilization, as in other dental areas, must be proven and demonstrable effectiveness in destroying pathogens, ease of use in a every day scientific setting, and practical effectivity. If cleaning soap just isn't readily available, use sanitizer that contains 60% alcohol or extra and rub your arms together till they really feel dry. Read the label of the disinfectant you propose on using to ensure that you perceive the directions for that product. Stress Washing Cumming, Ga Initially scheduled a house washing, later added deck cleaning. Pressure washing can transform the appearance of a house. It’s like giving your home a makeover – but without the excessive price of a building or renovation project. Pressure washing can blast away years of filth and dirt buildup, considerably enhancing the curb appeal of your property. Whether you’re promoting your Huntington residence or bettering the looks of a Seaford storefront, strain washing is guaranteed to enhance curb appeal. Green algae, mildew, and mould are a common sight on vinyl-siding houses throughout the nation. This downside gets particularly bad after heavy summer season rains when the combination of moisture and warmth creates the proper surroundings for progress. Just like grime on frequent property, grime on non-public residences can make a neighborhood look dangerous. Everyone has a duty to make their neighborhood a spot they're pleased to stay in. I have nothing however positive issues to say about NW Softwash Pressure Washing. Effective home washing is financially and environmentally responsible. Very friendly and so they communicated precisely what they might be doing. When there was a delay to the initially scheduled service, they were quick and truthful with rescheduling. They are probably the most professional window cleaners I’ve ever used. From house washing, to industrial buildings, roofs, driveways, patios, fences, pavers and every little thing in between. We use state-of-the-art gear and merchandise to strain wash thousands of properties every year, similar to yours. The building’s exterior typically accumulates grime through the winter. When you obtain exterior strain washing services, you'll be able to cut via the layers of grime and remove them from the surface of your constructing. How To Make Your Own Natural Bathroom Cleaners However, with a dwell time of ten minutes, it's slower-acting on the coronavirus than many of our picks, meaning a lot of waiting round for it to do its work. And though the hypochlorous acid solution is shelf-stable for 2 weeks, the device solely produces 12 ounces at a time. We fear that the ongoing price of capsules would begin to add up for so much of households. You can easily make an inexpensive, selfmade bathroom cleaner spray, with out poisonous chemical compounds, that's super powerful. These merchandise are used when cleaning tubs, showers, rest room bowls, rest room sinks, and ceramic or plastic toilet tile. Still, you ought to use the original on fiberglass and tile that borders your bathtub, too. If your tub is basically unhealthy, although, you may have to lend slightly elbow grease with the help of OXO's Good Grips All-Purpose Scrub Brush. Bed Bath & Beyond The Mr. Clean Magic Eraser and brushes from OXO Good Grips take the pain out of scrubbing the bathtub, while sprays from Skylarlife and Methodkeep your bathe clean. Arm & Hammer Essentials Disinfecting Wipes are based mostly on citric acid, are protected on most hard nonporous surfaces, and have a dwell time of five minutes . Depending on the brand of bowl cleaner you’re using, this project should take only about 15 to twenty minutes. Some cleansers’ instructions recommend letting the solution sit for as much as 10 minutes, however you'll have the ability to work on wiping down the outside components of the toilet while you let the disinfectant do its job. Diluted disinfectants and sanitizers in spray bottles have to be labeled and stored out of the attain of kids. Disinfect your home when somebody is sick or if someone who is constructive for COVID-19 has been in your house within the final 24 hours. With a paper towel scarcity, reusable cloths might be the method in which to go at residence, too—let’s simply hope you'll find a way to still find some laundry detergent. Among aerosol cans, our picks are Lysol Disinfectant Spray and the same Lysol Disinfectant Max Cover Mist. Among spray bottles, our picks are Clorox Multi-Surface Cleaner + Bleach, Clorox Clean-Up Cleaner + Bleach, and Lysol Kitchen Pro Antibacterial Cleaner. Curtain Cleansing Use dust-proof covers on your mattress and pillows to maintain mud mites out. And whenever you're accomplished together with your house responsibilities, depart the home for a few hours. It will limit your exposure to allergens you kicked up into the air. Regular housecleaning can get rid of many allergy triggers and help relieve your symptoms. No matter how good your vacuum is, it can’t effectively remove dust if you’re not vacuuming utilizing the right approach. Rinse your cloth when you discover it’s leaving filth behind or turning grey in shade. You could also fold the material so that you've got got more surfaces to work with earlier than having to rinse it. Having plants with massive leaves in your home can also assist gather dust and struggle in opposition to microbes and mites. Flowers like Boston ferns, chamaedorea , spider plant, and peace lily are great to assist prevent mud allergies. From homes and office buildings, to restaurants, hospitals, universities, navy bases, boats and extra, virtually any construction that has home windows also has window blinds. The purpose is straightforward; along with being lovely, window blinds may additionally be a really inexpensive answer for somebody who must cowl their home windows. Remove dust – Dirt and dirt accumulate in drapes and home windows which affect the quality of room air whenever you open or close them. Reduce Allergies – Allergens, pollen, mildew, insects, and different pollutants tend to get trapped in the drapes and window which have an result on the air high quality of home. Tlc Window Cleansing, Power Washing And Gutter Cleaning We supply both power washing and low-pressure washing companies depending on the type of floor you want to be cleaned. We can provide energy washing for surfaces like concrete, brick, stone, or wooden. We can provide “soft washing” or low-pressure washing services for surfaces like roofing and siding the place the high-pressure stream of water could really trigger damage. The delicate washing process still gets the surfaces clear but we use special detergents as an alternative of high-pressure water. Our skilled staff presents strain washing in Redondo Beach for quite a lot of surfaces, including cement, sandstone, and limestone. For instance, an car repair shop might need a slippery pool of engine fluids where prospects may simply fall and damage themselves. Even if you're not the proprietor of a mechanical company, most companies have a greasy, slippery dumpster zone. Failing to scrub up this kind of space is like asking for a lawsuit. It's solely a matter of time earlier than an employee or buyer slips and falls and calls a lawyer. Pressure washing for industrial buildings can remove these harmful areas by washing away any slippery substances. Lead paint should be rigorously contained when removed, not blasted into the air and surrounding surfaces. We pride ourselves on being one of the best local window cleansing firm in Edwardsville, IL! We service both inside and outside and clean all forms of glass, from glass windows to mirrors to doors and extra. High-pressure cleansing removes filth, grease, oil, and gum build up from sidewalks, walkways, and courtyards. Pressure washing carried out well removes substances without damaging the underlying floor, leaving high-traffic areas wanting engaging and protected to be used. Tips On How To Give Your Home A Deep Cleaning Run vent covers via the dishwasher or clean them by hand with a sponge and dish soap. Wipe down, empty out, and scrub the interiors of larger home equipment such as microwaves, dishwashers, ovens , and of course, the refrigerator. The hundreds of microscopic fabric hooks on a microfiber cloth make it good to chop through the dried grout haze left after a tiling project. You'll still should rinse and repeat, but the haze will clean up faster than it might with an odd rag. If crumbs, papers and even flatware falls into the hole between your countertop and fridge, fill the void with almost invisible plastic tubing. Avoid bending, breaking, or warping the blades by being careful not to press down too exhausting when dusting. Istockphoto.comCeiling followers are useful additions to any room. They provide a cool breeze when it’s heat, flow into stale air, and contribute an ornamental accent to your home’s interior. A ceiling fan duster is designed to select up dust on the top and bottom of the blade, holding a lot of it inside. Wait for an overcast day to wash your home windows and start on the shady side of the home . "Raise blinds or shades and wash home windows with glass cleaner and a microfiber fabric," says Forte. The task of cleansing the complete home can appear overwhelming and also you won't know where to begin. While a clean, tidy house is at all times the springtime increase we need, the method of spring cleansing can be daunting. You need to completely wash your home windows in and out. I recommend taking the display screen fully out of the window and hosing it down.

#清潔公司

[chaoticninjaperson]

Soil Health: Assessment by Soil Carbon Status

Soil health assessment is generally measured by soil carbon status in various forms such as soil organic matter (SOM), total soil carbon, soil inorganic carbon, soil organic carbon using different analytical methods. Please click the following link to explore further details for assessing soil health using soil carbon status by different…

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#assessing Soil health #assessment of Soil health #Dr. Suresh Kaushik #enzyme activity #GingerFingers #molecular soil ecology #Soil Carbon #soil enzymes #soil fertility #Soil Health #soil health assessment #soil inorganic carbon #Soil Microbial Diversity #Soil organic carbon #Soil organic matter #Soil Science #SOM #total soil carbon